Merge commit '00f1a4f432b3d8aad1aa270e91c44c57f03ef407'

[unleashed.git] / usr / src / cmd / newtask / newtask.c

/*
 * CDDL HEADER START
 *
 * The contents of this file are subject to the terms of the
 * Common Development and Distribution License, Version 1.0 only
 * (the "License").  You may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.
 *
 * You can obtain a copy of the license at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE
 * or http://www.opensolaris.org/os/licensing.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions
 * and limitations under the License.
 *
 * When distributing Covered Code, include this CDDL HEADER in each
 * file and include the License file at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE.
 * If applicable, add the following below this CDDL HEADER, with the
 * fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your own identifying
 * information: Portions Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner]
 *
 * CDDL HEADER END
 */
/*
 * Copyright (c) 2013 Gary Mills
 * Copyright 2015, Joyent, Inc.
 *
 * Copyright 2005 Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All rights reserved.
 * Use is subject to license terms.
 */

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/task.h>

#include <alloca.h>
#include <libproc.h>
#include <libintl.h>
#include <libgen.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <project.h>
#include <pwd.h>
#include <secdb.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/varargs.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <priv_utils.h>

#include "utils.h"

#define OPTIONS_STRING  "Fc:lp:v"
#define NENV            8
#define ENVSIZE         255
#define PATH            "PATH=/usr/bin"
#define SUPATH          "PATH=/usr/sbin:/usr/bin"
#define SHELL           "/bin/sh"
#define TIMEZONEFILE    "/etc/default/init"
#define LOGINFILE       "/etc/default/login"
#define GLOBAL_ERR_SZ   1024
#define GRAB_RETRY_MAX  100

static const char *pname;
extern char **environ;
static char *supath = SUPATH;
static char *path = PATH;
static char global_error[GLOBAL_ERR_SZ];
static int verbose = 0;

static priv_set_t *nset;

/* Private definitions for libproject */
extern projid_t setproject_proc(const char *, const char *, int, pid_t,
    struct ps_prochandle *, struct project *);
extern priv_set_t *setproject_initpriv(void);

static void usage(void);

static void preserve_error(const char *format, ...);

static int update_running_proc(int, char *, char *);
static int set_ids(struct ps_prochandle *, struct project *,
    struct passwd *);
static struct passwd *match_user(uid_t, char *, int);
static void setproject_err(char *, char *, int, struct project *);

static void
usage(void)
{
        (void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("usage: \n\t%s [-v] [-p project] "
            "[-c pid | [-Fl] [command [args ...]]]\n"), pname);
        exit(2);
}

int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
        int c;
        struct passwd *pw;
        char *projname = NULL;
        uid_t uid;
        int login_flag = 0;
        int finalize_flag = TASK_NORMAL;
        int newproj_flag = 0;
        taskid_t taskid;
        char *shell;
        char *env[NENV];
        char **targs;
        char *filename, *procname = NULL;
        int error;

        nset = setproject_initpriv();
        if (nset == NULL)
                die(gettext("privilege initialization failed\n"));

        pname = getpname(argv[0]);

        while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, OPTIONS_STRING)) != EOF) {
                switch (c) {
                case 'v':
                        verbose = 1;
                        break;
                case 'p':
                        newproj_flag = 1;
                        projname = optarg;
                        break;
                case 'F':
                        finalize_flag = TASK_FINAL;
                        break;
                case 'l':
                        login_flag++;
                        break;
                case 'c':
                        procname = optarg;
                        break;
                case '?':
                default:
                        usage();
                        /*NOTREACHED*/
                }
        }

        /* -c option is invalid with -F, -l, or a specified command */
        if ((procname != NULL) &&
            (finalize_flag == TASK_FINAL || login_flag || optind < argc))
                usage();

        if (procname != NULL) {
                /* Change project/task of an existing process */
                return (update_running_proc(newproj_flag, procname, projname));
        }

        /*
         * Get user data, so that we can confirm project membership as
         * well as construct an appropriate login environment.
         */
        uid = getuid();
        if ((pw = match_user(uid, projname, 1)) == NULL) {
                die("%s\n", global_error);
        }

        /*
         * If no projname was specified, we're just creating a new task
         * under the current project, so we can just set the new taskid.
         * If our project is changing, we need to update any attendant
         * pool/rctl bindings, so let setproject() do the dirty work.
         */
        (void) __priv_bracket(PRIV_ON);
        if (projname == NULL) {
                if (settaskid(getprojid(), finalize_flag) == -1)
                        if (errno == EAGAIN)
                                die(gettext("resource control limit has been "
                                    "reached"));
                        else
                                die(gettext("settaskid failed"));
        } else {
                if ((error = setproject(projname,
                    pw->pw_name, finalize_flag)) != 0) {
                        setproject_err(pw->pw_name, projname, error, NULL);
                        if (error < 0)
                                die("%s\n", global_error);
                        else
                                warn("%s\n", global_error);
                }
        }
        __priv_relinquish();

        taskid = gettaskid();

        if (verbose)
                (void) fprintf(stderr, "%d\n", (int)taskid);

        /*
         * Validate user's shell from passwd database.
         */
        if (strcmp(pw->pw_shell, "") == 0) {
                pw->pw_shell = SHELL;
        }

        if (login_flag) {
                /*
                 * Since we've been invoked as a "simulated login", set up the
                 * environment.
                 */
                char *cur_tz = getenv("TZ");
                char *cur_term = getenv("TERM");

                char **envnext;

                size_t len_home = strlen(pw->pw_dir) + strlen("HOME=") + 1;
                size_t len_logname = strlen(pw->pw_name) + strlen("LOGNAME=") +
                    1;
                size_t len_shell = strlen(pw->pw_shell) + strlen("SHELL=") + 1;
                size_t len_mail = strlen(pw->pw_name) +
                    strlen("MAIL=/var/mail/") + 1;
                size_t len_tz;
                size_t len_term;

                char *env_home = safe_malloc(len_home);
                char *env_logname = safe_malloc(len_logname);
                char *env_shell = safe_malloc(len_shell);
                char *env_mail = safe_malloc(len_mail);
                char *env_tz;
                char *env_term;

                (void) snprintf(env_home, len_home, "HOME=%s", pw->pw_dir);
                (void) snprintf(env_logname, len_logname, "LOGNAME=%s",
                    pw->pw_name);
                (void) snprintf(env_shell, len_shell, "SHELL=%s", pw->pw_shell);
                (void) snprintf(env_mail, len_mail, "MAIL=/var/mail/%s",
                    pw->pw_name);

                env[0] = env_home;
                env[1] = env_logname;
                env[2] = (pw->pw_uid == 0 ? supath : path);
                env[3] = env_shell;
                env[4] = env_mail;
                env[5] = NULL;
                env[6] = NULL;
                env[7] = NULL;

                envnext = (char **)&env[5];

                /*
                 * It's possible that TERM wasn't defined in the outer
                 * environment.
                 */
                if (cur_term != NULL) {
                        len_term = strlen(cur_term) + strlen("TERM=") + 1;
                        env_term = safe_malloc(len_term);

                        (void) snprintf(env_term, len_term, "TERM=%s",
                            cur_term);
                        *envnext = env_term;
                        envnext++;
                }

                /*
                 * It is also possible that TZ wasn't defined in the outer
                 * environment.  In that case, we must attempt to open the file
                 * defining the default timezone and select the appropriate
                 * entry. If there is no default timezone there, try
                 * TIMEZONE in /etc/default/login, duplicating the algorithm
                 * that login uses.
                 */
                if (cur_tz != NULL) {
                        len_tz = strlen(cur_tz) + strlen("TZ=") + 1;
                        env_tz = safe_malloc(len_tz);

                        (void) snprintf(env_tz, len_tz, "TZ=%s", cur_tz);
                        *envnext = env_tz;
                } else {
                        if ((env_tz = getdefault(TIMEZONEFILE, "TZ=",
                            "TZ=")) != NULL)
                                *envnext = env_tz;
                        else {
                                env_tz = getdefault(LOGINFILE, "TIMEZONE=",
                                    "TZ=");
                                *envnext = env_tz;
                        }
                }

                environ = (char **)&env[0];

                /*
                 * Prefix the shell string with a hyphen, indicating a login
                 * shell.
                 */
                shell = safe_malloc(PATH_MAX);
                (void) snprintf(shell, PATH_MAX, "-%s", basename(pw->pw_shell));
        } else {
                shell = basename(pw->pw_shell);
        }

        /*
         * If there are no arguments, we launch the user's shell; otherwise, the
         * remaining commands are assumed to form a valid command invocation
         * that we can exec.
         */
        if (optind >= argc) {
                targs = alloca(2 * sizeof (char *));
                filename = pw->pw_shell;
                targs[0] = shell;
                targs[1] = NULL;
        } else {
                targs = &argv[optind];
                filename = targs[0];
        }

        if (execvp(filename, targs) == -1)
                die(gettext("exec of %s failed"), targs[0]);

        /*
         * We should never get here.
         */
        return (1);
}

static int
update_running_proc(int newproj_flag, char *procname, char *projname)
{
        struct ps_prochandle *p;
        prcred_t original_prcred, current_prcred;
        projid_t prprojid;
        taskid_t taskid;
        int error = 0, gret;
        struct project project;
        char prbuf[PROJECT_BUFSZ];
        struct passwd *passwd_entry;
        int grab_retry_count = 0;

        /*
         * Catch signals from terminal. There isn't much sense in
         * doing anything but ignoring them since we don't do anything
         * after the point we'd be capable of handling them again.
         */
        (void) sigignore(SIGHUP);
        (void) sigignore(SIGINT);
        (void) sigignore(SIGQUIT);
        (void) sigignore(SIGTERM);

        /* flush stdout before grabbing the proc to avoid deadlock */
        (void) fflush(stdout);

        /*
         * We need to grab the process, which will force it to stop execution
         * until the grab is released, in order to aquire some information about
         * it, such as its current project (which is achieved via an injected
         * system call and therefore needs an agent) and its credentials. We
         * will then need to release it again because it may be a process that
         * we rely on for later calls, for example nscd.
         */
        if ((p = proc_arg_grab(procname, PR_ARG_PIDS, 0, &gret)) == NULL) {
                warn(gettext("failed to grab for process %s: %s\n"),
                    procname, Pgrab_error(gret));
                return (1);
        }
        if (Pcreate_agent(p) != 0) {
                Prelease(p, 0);
                warn(gettext("cannot control process %s\n"), procname);
                return (1);
        }

        /*
         * The victim process is now held. Do not call any functions
         * which generate stdout/stderr until the process has been
         * released.
         */

/*
 * The target process will soon be restarted (in case it is in newtask's
 * execution path) and then stopped again. We need to ensure that our cached
 * data doesn't change while the process runs so return here if the target
 * process changes its user id in between our stop operations, so that we can
 * try again.
 */
pgrab_retry:

        /* Cache required information about the process. */
        if (Pcred(p, &original_prcred, 0) != 0) {
                preserve_error(gettext("cannot get process credentials %s\n"),
                    procname);
                error = 1;
        }
        if ((prprojid = pr_getprojid(p)) == -1) {
                preserve_error(gettext("cannot get process project id %s\n"),
                    procname);
                error = 1;
        }

        /*
         * We now have all the required information, so release the target
         * process and perform our sanity checks. The process needs to be
         * running at this point because it may be in the execution path of the
         * calls made below.
         */
        Pdestroy_agent(p);
        Prelease(p, 0);

        /* if our data acquisition failed, then we can't continue. */
        if (error) {
                warn("%s\n", global_error);
                return (1);
        }

        if (newproj_flag == 0) {
                /*
                 * Just changing the task, so set projname to the current
                 * project of the running process.
                 */
                if (getprojbyid(prprojid, &project, &prbuf,
                    PROJECT_BUFSZ) == NULL) {
                        warn(gettext("unable to get project name "
                            "for projid %d"), prprojid);
                        return (1);
                }
                projname = project.pj_name;
        } else {
                /*
                 * cache info for the project which user passed in via the
                 * command line
                 */
                if (getprojbyname(projname, &project, &prbuf,
                    PROJECT_BUFSZ) == NULL) {
                        warn(gettext("unknown project \"%s\"\n"), projname);
                        return (1);
                }
        }

        /*
         * Use our cached information to verify that the owner of the running
         * process is a member of proj
         */
        if ((passwd_entry = match_user(original_prcred.pr_ruid,
            projname, 0)) == NULL) {
                warn("%s\n", global_error);
                return (1);
        }

        /*
         * We can now safely stop the process again in order to change the
         * project and taskid as required.
         */
        if ((p = proc_arg_grab(procname, PR_ARG_PIDS, 0, &gret)) == NULL) {
                warn(gettext("failed to grab for process %s: %s\n"),
                    procname, Pgrab_error(gret));
                return (1);
        }
        if (Pcreate_agent(p) != 0) {
                Prelease(p, 0);
                warn(gettext("cannot control process %s\n"), procname);
                return (1);
        }

        /*
         * Now that the target process is stopped, check the validity of our
         * cached info. If we aren't superuser then match_user() will have
         * checked to make sure that the owner of the process is in the relevant
         * project. If our ruid has changed, then match_user()'s conclusion may
         * be invalid.
         */
        if (getuid() != 0) {
                if (Pcred(p, &current_prcred, 0) != 0) {
                        Pdestroy_agent(p);
                        Prelease(p, 0);
                        warn(gettext("can't get process credentials %s\n"),
                            procname);
                        return (1);
                }

                if (original_prcred.pr_ruid != current_prcred.pr_ruid) {
                        if (grab_retry_count++ < GRAB_RETRY_MAX)
                                goto pgrab_retry;

                        warn(gettext("process consistently changed its "
                            "user id %s\n"), procname);
                        return (1);
                }
        }

        error = set_ids(p, &project, passwd_entry);

        if (verbose)
                taskid = pr_gettaskid(p);

        Pdestroy_agent(p);
        Prelease(p, 0);

        if (error) {
                /*
                 * error is serious enough to stop, only if negative.
                 * Otherwise, it simply indicates one of the resource
                 * control assignments failed, which is worth warning
                 * about.
                 */
                warn("%s\n", global_error);
                if (error < 0)
                        return (1);
        }

        if (verbose)
                (void) fprintf(stderr, "%d\n", (int)taskid);

        return (0);
}

static int
set_ids(struct ps_prochandle *p, struct project *project,
    struct passwd *passwd_entry)
{
        int be_su = 0;
        prcred_t old_prcred;
        int error;
        prpriv_t *old_prpriv, *new_prpriv;
        size_t prsz = sizeof (prpriv_t);
        priv_set_t *eset, *pset;
        int ind;

        if (Pcred(p, &old_prcred, 0) != 0) {
                preserve_error(gettext("can't get process credentials"));
                return (1);
        }

        old_prpriv = proc_get_priv(Pstatus(p)->pr_pid);
        if (old_prpriv == NULL) {
                preserve_error(gettext("can't get process privileges"));
                return (1);
        }

        prsz = PRIV_PRPRIV_SIZE(old_prpriv);

        new_prpriv = malloc(prsz);
        if (new_prpriv == NULL) {
                preserve_error(gettext("can't allocate memory"));
                proc_free_priv(old_prpriv);
                return (1);
        }

        (void) memcpy(new_prpriv, old_prpriv, prsz);

        /*
         * If the process already has the proc_taskid privilege,
         * we don't need to elevate its privileges; if it doesn't,
         * we try to do it here.
         * As we do not wish to leave a window in which the process runs
         * with elevated privileges, we make sure that the process dies
         * when we go away unexpectedly.
         */

        ind = priv_getsetbyname(PRIV_EFFECTIVE);
        eset = (priv_set_t *)&new_prpriv->pr_sets[new_prpriv->pr_setsize * ind];
        ind = priv_getsetbyname(PRIV_PERMITTED);
        pset = (priv_set_t *)&new_prpriv->pr_sets[new_prpriv->pr_setsize * ind];

        if (!priv_issubset(nset, eset)) {
                be_su = 1;
                priv_union(nset, eset);
                priv_union(nset, pset);
                if (Psetflags(p, PR_KLC) != 0) {
                        preserve_error(gettext("cannot set process "
                            "privileges"));
                        (void) Punsetflags(p, PR_KLC);
                        free(new_prpriv);
                        proc_free_priv(old_prpriv);
                        return (1);
                }
                (void) __priv_bracket(PRIV_ON);
                if (Psetpriv(p, new_prpriv) != 0) {
                        (void) __priv_bracket(PRIV_OFF);
                        preserve_error(gettext("cannot set process "
                            "privileges"));
                        (void) Punsetflags(p, PR_KLC);
                        free(new_prpriv);
                        proc_free_priv(old_prpriv);
                        return (1);
                }
                (void) __priv_bracket(PRIV_OFF);
        }

        (void) __priv_bracket(PRIV_ON);
        if ((error = setproject_proc(project->pj_name,
            passwd_entry->pw_name, 0, Pstatus(p)->pr_pid, p, project)) != 0) {
                /* global_error is set by setproject_err */
                setproject_err(passwd_entry->pw_name, project->pj_name,
                    error, project);
        }
        (void) __priv_bracket(PRIV_OFF);

        /* relinquish added privileges */
        if (be_su) {
                (void) __priv_bracket(PRIV_ON);
                if (Psetpriv(p, old_prpriv) != 0) {
                        /*
                         * We shouldn't ever be in a state where we can't
                         * set the process back to its old creds, but we
                         * don't want to take the chance of leaving a
                         * non-privileged process with enhanced creds. So,
                         * release the process from libproc control, knowing
                         * that it will be killed.
                         */
                        (void) __priv_bracket(PRIV_OFF);
                        Pdestroy_agent(p);
                        die(gettext("cannot relinquish superuser credentials "
                            "for pid %d. The process was killed."),
                            Pstatus(p)->pr_pid);
                }
                (void) __priv_bracket(PRIV_OFF);
                if (Punsetflags(p, PR_KLC) != 0)
                        preserve_error(gettext("error relinquishing "
                            "credentials. Process %d will be killed."),
                            Pstatus(p)->pr_pid);
        }
        free(new_prpriv);
        proc_free_priv(old_prpriv);

        return (error);
}

/*
 * preserve_error() should be called rather than warn() by any
 * function that is called while the victim process is being
 * held by Pgrab.
 *
 * It saves a single error message to be printed until after
 * the process has been released. Since multiple errors are not
 * stored, any error should be considered critical.
 */
void
preserve_error(const char *format, ...)
{
        va_list alist;

        va_start(alist, format);

        /*
         * GLOBAL_ERR_SZ is pretty big. If the error is longer
         * than that, just truncate it, rather than chance missing
         * the error altogether.
         */
        (void) vsnprintf(global_error, GLOBAL_ERR_SZ-1, format, alist);

        va_end(alist);

}

/*
 * Given the input arguments, return the passwd structure that matches best.
 * Also, since we use getpwnam() and friends, subsequent calls to this
 * function will re-use the memory previously returned.
 */
static struct passwd *
match_user(uid_t uid, char *projname, int is_my_uid)
{
        char prbuf[PROJECT_BUFSZ], username[LOGNAME_MAX+1];
        struct project prj;
        char *tmp_name;
        struct passwd *pw = NULL;

        /*
         * In order to allow users with the same UID but distinguishable
         * user names to be in different projects we play a guessing
         * game of which username is most appropriate. If we're checking
         * for the uid of the calling process, the login name is a
         * good starting point.
         */
        if (is_my_uid) {
                if ((tmp_name = getlogin()) == NULL ||
                    (pw = getpwnam(tmp_name)) == NULL || (pw->pw_uid != uid) ||
                    (pw->pw_name == NULL))
                        pw = NULL;
        }

        /*
         * If the login name doesn't work,  we try the first match for
         * the current uid in the password file.
         */
        if (pw == NULL) {
                if (((pw = getpwuid(uid)) == NULL) || pw->pw_name == NULL) {
                        preserve_error(gettext("cannot find username "
                            "for uid %d"), uid);
                        return (NULL);
                }
        }

        /*
         * If projname wasn't supplied, we've done our best, so just return
         * what we've got now. Alternatively, if newtask's invoker has
         * superuser privileges, return the pw structure we've got now, with
         * no further checking from inproj(). Superuser should be able to
         * join any project, and the subsequent call to setproject() will
         * allow this.
         */
        if (projname == NULL || getuid() == (uid_t)0)
                return (pw);

        (void) strlcpy(username, pw->pw_name, sizeof (username));

        if (inproj(username, projname, prbuf, PROJECT_BUFSZ) == 0) {
                char **u;
                tmp_name = NULL;

                /*
                 * If the previous guesses didn't work, walk through all
                 * project members and test for UID-equivalence.
                 */

                if (getprojbyname(projname, &prj, prbuf,
                    PROJECT_BUFSZ) == NULL) {
                        preserve_error(gettext("unknown project \"%s\""),
                            projname);
                        return (NULL);
                }

                for (u = prj.pj_users; *u; u++) {
                        if ((pw = getpwnam(*u)) == NULL)
                                continue;

                        if (pw->pw_uid == uid) {
                                tmp_name = pw->pw_name;
                                break;
                        }
                }

                if (tmp_name == NULL) {
                        preserve_error(gettext("user \"%s\" is not a member of "
                            "project \"%s\""), username, projname);
                        return (NULL);
                }
        }

        return (pw);
}

void
setproject_err(char *username, char *projname, int error, struct project *proj)
{
        kva_t *kv_array = NULL;
        char prbuf[PROJECT_BUFSZ];
        struct project local_proj;

        switch (error) {
        case SETPROJ_ERR_TASK:
                if (errno == EAGAIN)
                        preserve_error(gettext("resource control limit has "
                            "been reached"));
                else if (errno == ESRCH)
                        preserve_error(gettext("user \"%s\" is not a member of "
                            "project \"%s\""), username, projname);
                else if (errno == EACCES)
                        preserve_error(gettext("the invoking task is final"));
                else
                        preserve_error(
                            gettext("could not join project \"%s\""),
                            projname);
                break;
        case SETPROJ_ERR_POOL:
                if (errno == EACCES)
                        preserve_error(gettext("no resource pool accepting "
                            "default bindings exists for project \"%s\""),
                            projname);
                else if (errno == ESRCH)
                        preserve_error(gettext("specified resource pool does "
                            "not exist for project \"%s\""), projname);
                else
                        preserve_error(gettext("could not bind to default "
                            "resource pool for project \"%s\""), projname);
                break;
        default:
                if (error <= 0) {
                        preserve_error(gettext("setproject failed for "
                            "project \"%s\""), projname);
                        return;
                }
                /*
                 * If we have a stopped target process it may be in
                 * getprojbyname()'s execution path which would make it unsafe
                 * to access the project table, so only do that if the caller
                 * hasn't provided a cached version of the project structure.
                 */
                if (proj == NULL)
                        proj = getprojbyname(projname, &local_proj, prbuf,
                            PROJECT_BUFSZ);

                if (proj == NULL || (kv_array = _str2kva(proj->pj_attr,
                    KV_ASSIGN, KV_DELIMITER)) == NULL ||
                    kv_array->length < error) {
                        preserve_error(gettext("warning, resource control "
                            "assignment failed for project \"%s\" "
                            "attribute %d"),
                            projname, error);
                        if (kv_array)
                                _kva_free(kv_array);
                        return;
                }
                preserve_error(gettext("warning, %s resource control "
                    "assignment failed for project \"%s\""),
                    kv_array->data[error - 1].key, projname);
                _kva_free(kv_array);
        }
}