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[unleashed.git] / kernel / fs / zfs / spa_checkpoint.c
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1 /*
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6 * You may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
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23 * Copyright (c) 2017 by Delphix. All rights reserved.
27 * Storage Pool Checkpoint
29 * A storage pool checkpoint can be thought of as a pool-wide snapshot or
30 * a stable version of extreme rewind that guarantees no blocks from the
31 * checkpointed state will have been overwritten. It remembers the entire
32 * state of the storage pool (e.g. snapshots, dataset names, etc..) from the
33 * point that it was taken and the user can rewind back to that point even if
34 * they applied destructive operations on their datasets or even enabled new
35 * zpool on-disk features. If a pool has a checkpoint that is no longer
36 * needed, the user can discard it.
38 * == On disk data structures used ==
40 * - The pool has a new feature flag and a new entry in the MOS. The feature
41 * flag is set to active when we create the checkpoint and remains active
42 * until the checkpoint is fully discarded. The entry in the MOS config
43 * (DMU_POOL_ZPOOL_CHECKPOINT) is populated with the uberblock that
44 * references the state of the pool when we take the checkpoint. The entry
45 * remains populated until we start discarding the checkpoint or we rewind
46 * back to it.
48 * - Each vdev contains a vdev-wide space map while the pool has a checkpoint,
49 * which persists until the checkpoint is fully discarded. The space map
50 * contains entries that have been freed in the current state of the pool
51 * but we want to keep around in case we decide to rewind to the checkpoint.
52 * [see vdev_checkpoint_sm]
54 * - Each metaslab's ms_sm space map behaves the same as without the
55 * checkpoint, with the only exception being the scenario when we free
56 * blocks that belong to the checkpoint. In this case, these blocks remain
57 * ALLOCATED in the metaslab's space map and they are added as FREE in the
58 * vdev's checkpoint space map.
60 * - Each uberblock has a field (ub_checkpoint_txg) which holds the txg that
61 * the uberblock was checkpointed. For normal uberblocks this field is 0.
63 * == Overview of operations ==
65 * - To create a checkpoint, we first wait for the current TXG to be synced,
66 * so we can use the most recently synced uberblock (spa_ubsync) as the
67 * checkpointed uberblock. Then we use an early synctask to place that
68 * uberblock in MOS config, increment the feature flag for the checkpoint
69 * (marking it active), and setting spa_checkpoint_txg (see its use below)
70 * to the TXG of the checkpointed uberblock. We use an early synctask for
71 * the aforementioned operations to ensure that no blocks were dirtied
72 * between the current TXG and the TXG of the checkpointed uberblock
73 * (e.g the previous txg).
75 * - When a checkpoint exists, we need to ensure that the blocks that
76 * belong to the checkpoint are freed but never reused. This means that
77 * these blocks should never end up in the ms_allocatable or the ms_freeing
78 * trees of a metaslab. Therefore, whenever there is a checkpoint the new
79 * ms_checkpointing tree is used in addition to the aforementioned ones.
81 * Whenever a block is freed and we find out that it is referenced by the
82 * checkpoint (we find out by comparing its birth to spa_checkpoint_txg),
83 * we place it in the ms_checkpointing tree instead of the ms_freeingtree.
84 * This way, we divide the blocks that are being freed into checkpointed
85 * and not-checkpointed blocks.
87 * In order to persist these frees, we write the extents from the
88 * ms_freeingtree to the ms_sm as usual, and the extents from the
89 * ms_checkpointing tree to the vdev_checkpoint_sm. This way, these
90 * checkpointed extents will remain allocated in the metaslab's ms_sm space
91 * map, and therefore won't be reused [see metaslab_sync()]. In addition,
92 * when we discard the checkpoint, we can find the entries that have
93 * actually been freed in vdev_checkpoint_sm.
94 * [see spa_checkpoint_discard_thread_sync()]
96 * - To discard the checkpoint we use an early synctask to delete the
97 * checkpointed uberblock from the MOS config, set spa_checkpoint_txg to 0,
98 * and wakeup the discarding zthr thread (an open-context async thread).
99 * We use an early synctask to ensure that the operation happens before any
100 * new data end up in the checkpoint's data structures.
102 * Once the synctask is done and the discarding zthr is awake, we discard
103 * the checkpointed data over multiple TXGs by having the zthr prefetching
104 * entries from vdev_checkpoint_sm and then starting a synctask that places
105 * them as free blocks in to their respective ms_allocatable and ms_sm
106 * structures.
107 * [see spa_checkpoint_discard_thread()]
109 * When there are no entries left in the vdev_checkpoint_sm of all
110 * top-level vdevs, a final synctask runs that decrements the feature flag.
112 * - To rewind to the checkpoint, we first use the current uberblock and
113 * open the MOS so we can access the checkpointed uberblock from the MOS
114 * config. After we retrieve the checkpointed uberblock, we use it as the
115 * current uberblock for the pool by writing it to disk with an updated
116 * TXG, opening its version of the MOS, and moving on as usual from there.
117 * [see spa_ld_checkpoint_rewind()]
119 * An important note on rewinding to the checkpoint has to do with how we
120 * handle ZIL blocks. In the scenario of a rewind, we clear out any ZIL
121 * blocks that have not been claimed by the time we took the checkpoint
122 * as they should no longer be valid.
123 * [see comment in zil_claim()]
125 * == Miscellaneous information ==
127 * - In the hypothetical event that we take a checkpoint, remove a vdev,
128 * and attempt to rewind, the rewind would fail as the checkpointed
129 * uberblock would reference data in the removed device. For this reason
130 * and others of similar nature, we disallow the following operations that
131 * can change the config:
132 * vdev removal and attach/detach, mirror splitting, and pool reguid.
134 * - As most of the checkpoint logic is implemented in the SPA and doesn't
135 * distinguish datasets when it comes to space accounting, having a
136 * checkpoint can potentially break the boundaries set by dataset
137 * reservations.
140 #include <sys/dmu_tx.h>
141 #include <sys/dsl_dir.h>
142 #include <sys/dsl_synctask.h>
143 #include <sys/metaslab_impl.h>
144 #include <sys/spa.h>
145 #include <sys/spa_impl.h>
146 #include <sys/spa_checkpoint.h>
147 #include <sys/vdev_impl.h>
148 #include <sys/zap.h>
149 #include <sys/zfeature.h>
152 * The following parameter limits the amount of memory to be used for the
153 * prefetching of the checkpoint space map done on each vdev while
154 * discarding the checkpoint.
156 * The reason it exists is because top-level vdevs with long checkpoint
157 * space maps can potentially take up a lot of memory depending on the
158 * amount of checkpointed data that has been freed within them while
159 * the pool had a checkpoint.
161 uint64_t zfs_spa_discard_memory_limit = 16 * 1024 * 1024;
164 spa_checkpoint_get_stats(spa_t *spa, pool_checkpoint_stat_t *pcs)
166 if (!spa_feature_is_active(spa, SPA_FEATURE_POOL_CHECKPOINT))
167 return (SET_ERROR(ZFS_ERR_NO_CHECKPOINT));
169 bzero(pcs, sizeof (pool_checkpoint_stat_t));
171 int error = zap_contains(spa_meta_objset(spa),
172 DMU_POOL_DIRECTORY_OBJECT, DMU_POOL_ZPOOL_CHECKPOINT);
173 ASSERT(error == 0 || error == ENOENT);
175 if (error == ENOENT)
176 pcs->pcs_state = CS_CHECKPOINT_DISCARDING;
177 else
178 pcs->pcs_state = CS_CHECKPOINT_EXISTS;
180 pcs->pcs_space = spa->spa_checkpoint_info.sci_dspace;
181 pcs->pcs_start_time = spa->spa_checkpoint_info.sci_timestamp;
183 return (0);
186 static void
187 spa_checkpoint_discard_complete_sync(void *arg, dmu_tx_t *tx)
189 spa_t *spa = arg;
191 spa->spa_checkpoint_info.sci_timestamp = 0;
193 spa_feature_decr(spa, SPA_FEATURE_POOL_CHECKPOINT, tx);
195 spa_history_log_internal(spa, "spa discard checkpoint", tx,
196 "finished discarding checkpointed state from the pool");
199 typedef struct spa_checkpoint_discard_sync_callback_arg {
200 vdev_t *sdc_vd;
201 uint64_t sdc_txg;
202 uint64_t sdc_entry_limit;
203 } spa_checkpoint_discard_sync_callback_arg_t;
205 static int
206 spa_checkpoint_discard_sync_callback(space_map_entry_t *sme, void *arg)
208 spa_checkpoint_discard_sync_callback_arg_t *sdc = arg;
209 vdev_t *vd = sdc->sdc_vd;
210 metaslab_t *ms = vd->vdev_ms[sme->sme_offset >> vd->vdev_ms_shift];
211 uint64_t end = sme->sme_offset + sme->sme_run;
213 if (sdc->sdc_entry_limit == 0)
214 return (EINTR);
217 * Since the space map is not condensed, we know that
218 * none of its entries is crossing the boundaries of
219 * its respective metaslab.
221 * That said, there is no fundamental requirement that
222 * the checkpoint's space map entries should not cross
223 * metaslab boundaries. So if needed we could add code
224 * that handles metaslab-crossing segments in the future.
226 VERIFY3U(sme->sme_type, ==, SM_FREE);
227 VERIFY3U(sme->sme_offset, >=, ms->ms_start);
228 VERIFY3U(end, <=, ms->ms_start + ms->ms_size);
231 * At this point we should not be processing any
232 * other frees concurrently, so the lock is technically
233 * unnecessary. We use the lock anyway though to
234 * potentially save ourselves from future headaches.
236 mutex_enter(&ms->ms_lock);
237 if (range_tree_is_empty(ms->ms_freeing))
238 vdev_dirty(vd, VDD_METASLAB, ms, sdc->sdc_txg);
239 range_tree_add(ms->ms_freeing, sme->sme_offset, sme->sme_run);
240 mutex_exit(&ms->ms_lock);
242 ASSERT3U(vd->vdev_spa->spa_checkpoint_info.sci_dspace, >=,
243 sme->sme_run);
244 ASSERT3U(vd->vdev_stat.vs_checkpoint_space, >=, sme->sme_run);
246 vd->vdev_spa->spa_checkpoint_info.sci_dspace -= sme->sme_run;
247 vd->vdev_stat.vs_checkpoint_space -= sme->sme_run;
248 sdc->sdc_entry_limit--;
250 return (0);
253 static void
254 spa_checkpoint_accounting_verify(spa_t *spa)
256 vdev_t *rvd = spa->spa_root_vdev;
257 uint64_t ckpoint_sm_space_sum = 0;
258 uint64_t vs_ckpoint_space_sum = 0;
260 for (uint64_t c = 0; c < rvd->vdev_children; c++) {
261 vdev_t *vd = rvd->vdev_child[c];
263 if (vd->vdev_checkpoint_sm != NULL) {
264 ckpoint_sm_space_sum +=
265 -vd->vdev_checkpoint_sm->sm_alloc;
266 vs_ckpoint_space_sum +=
267 vd->vdev_stat.vs_checkpoint_space;
268 ASSERT3U(ckpoint_sm_space_sum, ==,
269 vs_ckpoint_space_sum);
270 } else {
271 ASSERT0(vd->vdev_stat.vs_checkpoint_space);
274 ASSERT3U(spa->spa_checkpoint_info.sci_dspace, ==, ckpoint_sm_space_sum);
277 static void
278 spa_checkpoint_discard_thread_sync(void *arg, dmu_tx_t *tx)
280 vdev_t *vd = arg;
281 int error;
284 * The space map callback is applied only to non-debug entries.
285 * Because the number of debug entries is less or equal to the
286 * number of non-debug entries, we want to ensure that we only
287 * read what we prefetched from open-context.
289 * Thus, we set the maximum entries that the space map callback
290 * will be applied to be half the entries that could fit in the
291 * imposed memory limit.
293 * Note that since this is a conservative estimate we also
294 * assume the worst case scenario in our computation where each
295 * entry is two-word.
297 uint64_t max_entry_limit =
298 (zfs_spa_discard_memory_limit / (2 * sizeof (uint64_t))) >> 1;
301 * Iterate from the end of the space map towards the beginning,
302 * placing its entries on ms_freeing and removing them from the
303 * space map. The iteration stops if one of the following
304 * conditions is true:
306 * 1] We reached the beginning of the space map. At this point
307 * the space map should be completely empty and
308 * space_map_incremental_destroy should have returned 0.
309 * The next step would be to free and close the space map
310 * and remove its entry from its vdev's top zap. This allows
311 * spa_checkpoint_discard_thread() to move on to the next vdev.
313 * 2] We reached the memory limit (amount of memory used to hold
314 * space map entries in memory) and space_map_incremental_destroy
315 * returned EINTR. This means that there are entries remaining
316 * in the space map that will be cleared in a future invocation
317 * of this function by spa_checkpoint_discard_thread().
319 spa_checkpoint_discard_sync_callback_arg_t sdc;
320 sdc.sdc_vd = vd;
321 sdc.sdc_txg = tx->tx_txg;
322 sdc.sdc_entry_limit = max_entry_limit;
324 uint64_t words_before =
325 space_map_length(vd->vdev_checkpoint_sm) / sizeof (uint64_t);
327 error = space_map_incremental_destroy(vd->vdev_checkpoint_sm,
328 spa_checkpoint_discard_sync_callback, &sdc, tx);
330 uint64_t words_after =
331 space_map_length(vd->vdev_checkpoint_sm) / sizeof (uint64_t);
333 #ifdef DEBUG
334 spa_checkpoint_accounting_verify(vd->vdev_spa);
335 #endif
337 zfs_dbgmsg("discarding checkpoint: txg %llu, vdev id %d, "
338 "deleted %llu words - %llu words are left",
339 tx->tx_txg, vd->vdev_id, (words_before - words_after),
340 words_after);
342 if (error != EINTR) {
343 if (error != 0) {
344 zfs_panic_recover("zfs: error %d was returned "
345 "while incrementally destroying the checkpoint "
346 "space map of vdev %llu\n",
347 error, vd->vdev_id);
349 ASSERT0(words_after);
350 ASSERT0(vd->vdev_checkpoint_sm->sm_alloc);
351 ASSERT0(space_map_length(vd->vdev_checkpoint_sm));
353 space_map_free(vd->vdev_checkpoint_sm, tx);
354 space_map_close(vd->vdev_checkpoint_sm);
355 vd->vdev_checkpoint_sm = NULL;
357 VERIFY0(zap_remove(spa_meta_objset(vd->vdev_spa),
358 vd->vdev_top_zap, VDEV_TOP_ZAP_POOL_CHECKPOINT_SM, tx));
362 static boolean_t
363 spa_checkpoint_discard_is_done(spa_t *spa)
365 vdev_t *rvd = spa->spa_root_vdev;
367 ASSERT(!spa_has_checkpoint(spa));
368 ASSERT(spa_feature_is_active(spa, SPA_FEATURE_POOL_CHECKPOINT));
370 for (uint64_t c = 0; c < rvd->vdev_children; c++) {
371 if (rvd->vdev_child[c]->vdev_checkpoint_sm != NULL)
372 return (B_FALSE);
373 ASSERT0(rvd->vdev_child[c]->vdev_stat.vs_checkpoint_space);
376 return (B_TRUE);
379 /* ARGSUSED */
380 boolean_t
381 spa_checkpoint_discard_thread_check(void *arg, zthr_t *zthr)
383 spa_t *spa = arg;
385 if (!spa_feature_is_active(spa, SPA_FEATURE_POOL_CHECKPOINT))
386 return (B_FALSE);
388 if (spa_has_checkpoint(spa))
389 return (B_FALSE);
391 return (B_TRUE);
395 spa_checkpoint_discard_thread(void *arg, zthr_t *zthr)
397 spa_t *spa = arg;
398 vdev_t *rvd = spa->spa_root_vdev;
400 for (uint64_t c = 0; c < rvd->vdev_children; c++) {
401 vdev_t *vd = rvd->vdev_child[c];
403 while (vd->vdev_checkpoint_sm != NULL) {
404 space_map_t *checkpoint_sm = vd->vdev_checkpoint_sm;
405 int numbufs;
406 dmu_buf_t **dbp;
408 if (zthr_iscancelled(zthr))
409 return (0);
411 ASSERT3P(vd->vdev_ops, !=, &vdev_indirect_ops);
413 uint64_t size = MIN(space_map_length(checkpoint_sm),
414 zfs_spa_discard_memory_limit);
415 uint64_t offset =
416 space_map_length(checkpoint_sm) - size;
419 * Ensure that the part of the space map that will
420 * be destroyed by the synctask, is prefetched in
421 * memory before the synctask runs.
423 int error = dmu_buf_hold_array_by_bonus(
424 checkpoint_sm->sm_dbuf, offset, size,
425 B_TRUE, FTAG, &numbufs, &dbp);
426 if (error != 0) {
427 zfs_panic_recover("zfs: error %d was returned "
428 "while prefetching checkpoint space map "
429 "entries of vdev %llu\n",
430 error, vd->vdev_id);
433 VERIFY0(dsl_sync_task(spa->spa_name, NULL,
434 spa_checkpoint_discard_thread_sync, vd,
435 0, ZFS_SPACE_CHECK_NONE));
437 dmu_buf_rele_array(dbp, numbufs, FTAG);
441 VERIFY(spa_checkpoint_discard_is_done(spa));
442 VERIFY0(spa->spa_checkpoint_info.sci_dspace);
443 VERIFY0(dsl_sync_task(spa->spa_name, NULL,
444 spa_checkpoint_discard_complete_sync, spa,
445 0, ZFS_SPACE_CHECK_NONE));
447 return (0);
451 /* ARGSUSED */
452 static int
453 spa_checkpoint_check(void *arg, dmu_tx_t *tx)
455 spa_t *spa = dmu_tx_pool(tx)->dp_spa;
457 if (!spa_feature_is_enabled(spa, SPA_FEATURE_POOL_CHECKPOINT))
458 return (SET_ERROR(ENOTSUP));
460 if (!spa_top_vdevs_spacemap_addressable(spa))
461 return (SET_ERROR(ZFS_ERR_VDEV_TOO_BIG));
463 if (spa->spa_vdev_removal != NULL)
464 return (SET_ERROR(ZFS_ERR_DEVRM_IN_PROGRESS));
466 if (spa->spa_checkpoint_txg != 0)
467 return (SET_ERROR(ZFS_ERR_CHECKPOINT_EXISTS));
469 if (spa_feature_is_active(spa, SPA_FEATURE_POOL_CHECKPOINT))
470 return (SET_ERROR(ZFS_ERR_DISCARDING_CHECKPOINT));
472 return (0);
475 /* ARGSUSED */
476 static void
477 spa_checkpoint_sync(void *arg, dmu_tx_t *tx)
479 dsl_pool_t *dp = dmu_tx_pool(tx);
480 spa_t *spa = dp->dp_spa;
481 uberblock_t checkpoint = spa->spa_ubsync;
484 * At this point, there should not be a checkpoint in the MOS.
486 ASSERT3U(zap_contains(spa_meta_objset(spa), DMU_POOL_DIRECTORY_OBJECT,
487 DMU_POOL_ZPOOL_CHECKPOINT), ==, ENOENT);
489 ASSERT0(spa->spa_checkpoint_info.sci_timestamp);
490 ASSERT0(spa->spa_checkpoint_info.sci_dspace);
493 * Since the checkpointed uberblock is the one that just got synced
494 * (we use spa_ubsync), its txg must be equal to the txg number of
495 * the txg we are syncing, minus 1.
497 ASSERT3U(checkpoint.ub_txg, ==, spa->spa_syncing_txg - 1);
500 * Once the checkpoint is in place, we need to ensure that none of
501 * its blocks will be marked for reuse after it has been freed.
502 * When there is a checkpoint and a block is freed, we compare its
503 * birth txg to the txg of the checkpointed uberblock to see if the
504 * block is part of the checkpoint or not. Therefore, we have to set
505 * spa_checkpoint_txg before any frees happen in this txg (which is
506 * why this is done as an early_synctask as explained in the comment
507 * in spa_checkpoint()).
509 spa->spa_checkpoint_txg = checkpoint.ub_txg;
510 spa->spa_checkpoint_info.sci_timestamp = checkpoint.ub_timestamp;
512 checkpoint.ub_checkpoint_txg = checkpoint.ub_txg;
513 VERIFY0(zap_add(spa->spa_dsl_pool->dp_meta_objset,
514 DMU_POOL_DIRECTORY_OBJECT, DMU_POOL_ZPOOL_CHECKPOINT,
515 sizeof (uint64_t), sizeof (uberblock_t) / sizeof (uint64_t),
516 &checkpoint, tx));
519 * Increment the feature refcount and thus activate the feature.
520 * Note that the feature will be deactivated when we've
521 * completely discarded all checkpointed state (both vdev
522 * space maps and uberblock).
524 spa_feature_incr(spa, SPA_FEATURE_POOL_CHECKPOINT, tx);
526 spa_history_log_internal(spa, "spa checkpoint", tx,
527 "checkpointed uberblock txg=%llu", checkpoint.ub_txg);
531 * Create a checkpoint for the pool.
534 spa_checkpoint(const char *pool)
536 int error;
537 spa_t *spa;
539 error = spa_open(pool, &spa, FTAG);
540 if (error != 0)
541 return (error);
543 mutex_enter(&spa->spa_vdev_top_lock);
546 * Wait for current syncing txg to finish so the latest synced
547 * uberblock (spa_ubsync) has all the changes that we expect
548 * to see if we were to revert later to the checkpoint. In other
549 * words we want the checkpointed uberblock to include/reference
550 * all the changes that were pending at the time that we issued
551 * the checkpoint command.
553 txg_wait_synced(spa_get_dsl(spa), 0);
556 * As the checkpointed uberblock references blocks from the previous
557 * txg (spa_ubsync) we want to ensure that are not freeing any of
558 * these blocks in the same txg that the following synctask will
559 * run. Thus, we run it as an early synctask, so the dirty changes
560 * that are synced to disk afterwards during zios and other synctasks
561 * do not reuse checkpointed blocks.
563 error = dsl_early_sync_task(pool, spa_checkpoint_check,
564 spa_checkpoint_sync, NULL, 0, ZFS_SPACE_CHECK_NORMAL);
566 mutex_exit(&spa->spa_vdev_top_lock);
568 spa_close(spa, FTAG);
569 return (error);
572 /* ARGSUSED */
573 static int
574 spa_checkpoint_discard_check(void *arg, dmu_tx_t *tx)
576 spa_t *spa = dmu_tx_pool(tx)->dp_spa;
578 if (!spa_feature_is_active(spa, SPA_FEATURE_POOL_CHECKPOINT))
579 return (SET_ERROR(ZFS_ERR_NO_CHECKPOINT));
581 if (spa->spa_checkpoint_txg == 0)
582 return (SET_ERROR(ZFS_ERR_DISCARDING_CHECKPOINT));
584 VERIFY0(zap_contains(spa_meta_objset(spa),
585 DMU_POOL_DIRECTORY_OBJECT, DMU_POOL_ZPOOL_CHECKPOINT));
587 return (0);
590 /* ARGSUSED */
591 static void
592 spa_checkpoint_discard_sync(void *arg, dmu_tx_t *tx)
594 spa_t *spa = dmu_tx_pool(tx)->dp_spa;
596 VERIFY0(zap_remove(spa_meta_objset(spa), DMU_POOL_DIRECTORY_OBJECT,
597 DMU_POOL_ZPOOL_CHECKPOINT, tx));
599 spa->spa_checkpoint_txg = 0;
601 zthr_wakeup(spa->spa_checkpoint_discard_zthr);
603 spa_history_log_internal(spa, "spa discard checkpoint", tx,
604 "started discarding checkpointed state from the pool");
608 * Discard the checkpoint from a pool.
611 spa_checkpoint_discard(const char *pool)
614 * Similarly to spa_checkpoint(), we want our synctask to run
615 * before any pending dirty data are written to disk so they
616 * won't end up in the checkpoint's data structures (e.g.
617 * ms_checkpointing and vdev_checkpoint_sm) and re-create any
618 * space maps that the discarding open-context thread has
619 * deleted.
620 * [see spa_discard_checkpoint_sync and spa_discard_checkpoint_thread]
622 return (dsl_early_sync_task(pool, spa_checkpoint_discard_check,
623 spa_checkpoint_discard_sync, NULL, 0,
624 ZFS_SPACE_CHECK_DISCARD_CHECKPOINT));