1 = Unicorn: Rack HTTP server for fast clients and Unix
3 Unicorn is an HTTP server for Rack applications designed to only serve
4 fast clients on low-latency, high-bandwidth connections and take
5 advantage of features in Unix/Unix-like kernels. Slow clients should
6 only be served by placing a reverse proxy capable of fully buffering
7 both the the request and response in between Unicorn and slow clients.
11 * Designed for Rack, Unix, fast clients, and ease-of-debugging. We
12 cut out everything that is better supported by the operating system,
13 {nginx}[http://nginx.net/] or {Rack}[http://rack.rubyforge.org/].
15 * Compatible with both Ruby 1.8 and 1.9. Rubinius support is in-progress.
17 * Process management: Unicorn will reap and restart workers that
18 die from broken apps. There is no need to manage multiple processes
19 or ports yourself. Unicorn can spawn and manage any number of
20 worker processes you choose to scale to your backend.
22 * Load balancing is done entirely by the operating system kernel.
23 Requests never pile up behind a busy worker process.
25 * Does not care if your application is thread-safe or not, workers
26 all run within their own isolated address space and only serve one
27 client at a time for maximum robustness.
29 * Supports all Rack applications, along with pre-Rack versions of
30 Ruby on Rails via a Rack wrapper.
32 * Builtin reopening of all log files in your application via
33 USR1 signal. This allows logrotate to rotate files atomically and
34 quickly via rename instead of the racy and slow copytruncate method.
35 Unicorn also takes steps to ensure multi-line log entries from one
36 request all stay within the same file.
38 * nginx-style binary upgrades without losing connections.
39 You can upgrade Unicorn, your entire application, libraries
40 and even your Ruby interpreter without dropping clients.
42 * before_fork and after_fork hooks in case your application
43 has special needs when dealing with forked processes. These
44 should not be needed when the "preload_app" directive is
47 * Can be used with copy-on-write-friendly memory management
48 to save memory (by setting "preload_app" to true).
50 * Able to listen on multiple interfaces including UNIX sockets,
51 each worker process can also bind to a private port via the
52 after_fork hook for easy debugging.
54 * Simple and easy Ruby DSL for configuration.
56 * Decodes chunked transfers on-the-fly, thus allowing upload progress
57 notification to be implemented as well as being able to tunnel
58 arbitrary stream-based protocols over HTTP.
62 Unicorn is copyright 2009 by all contributors (see logs in git).
63 It is based on Mongrel and carries the same license.
65 Mongrel is copyright 2007 Zed A. Shaw and contributors. It is licensed
66 under the Ruby license and the GPL2. See the included LICENSE file for
69 Unicorn is 100% Free Software.
73 The library consists of a C extension so you'll need a C compiler
74 and Ruby development libraries/headers.
76 You may download the tarball from the Mongrel project page on Rubyforge
77 and run setup.rb after unpacking it:
79 http://rubyforge.org/frs/?group_id=1306
81 You may also install it via RubyGems on Gemcutter:
85 You can get the latest source via git from the following locations
86 (these versions may not be stable):
88 git://git.bogomips.org/unicorn.git
89 http://git.bogomips.org/unicorn.git
90 git://repo.or.cz/unicorn.git (mirror)
91 http://repo.or.cz/r/unicorn.git (mirror)
93 You may browse the code from the web and download the latest snapshot
96 * http://git.bogomips.org/cgit/unicorn.git (cgit)
97 * http://repo.or.cz/w/unicorn.git (gitweb)
101 === non-Rails Rack applications
107 === for Rails applications (should work for all 1.2 or later versions)
113 Unicorn will bind to all interfaces on TCP port 8080 by default.
114 You may use the +--listen/-l+ switch to bind to a different
115 address:port or a UNIX socket.
117 === Configuration File(s)
119 Unicorn will look for the config.ru file used by rackup in APP_ROOT.
121 For deployments, it can use a config file for Unicorn-specific options
122 specified by the +--config-file/-c+ command-line switch. See
123 Unicorn::Configurator for the syntax of the Unicorn-specific options.
124 The default settings are designed for maximum out-of-the-box
125 compatibility with existing applications.
127 Most command-line options for other Rack applications (above) are also
128 supported. Run `unicorn -h` or `unicorn_rails -h` to see command-line
133 Like the creatures themselves, production deployments of Unicorn are
134 rare. There is NO WARRANTY whatsoever if anything goes wrong, but let
135 us know and we'll try our best to fix it.
137 Unicorn is designed to only serve fast clients either on the local host
138 or a fast LAN. See the PHILOSOPHY and DESIGN documents for more details
143 All feedback (bug reports, user/development dicussion, patches, pull
144 requests) go to the mailing list/newsgroup. Patches must be sent inline
145 (git format-patch -M + git send-email). No subscription is necessary
146 to post on the mailing list. No top posting. Address replies +To:+
149 * email: mailto:mongrel-unicorn@rubyforge.org
150 * nntp: nntp://news.gmane.org/gmane.comp.lang.ruby.unicorn.general
151 * archives: http://rubyforge.org/pipermail/mongrel-unicorn/
152 * subscribe: http://rubyforge.org/mailman/listinfo/mongrel-unicorn/
153 * finger: unicorn@bogomips.org