2 TC: A Tor control protocol (Version 0)
6 THIS PROTOCOL IS DEPRECATED. It is still documented here because Tor
7 0.1.1.x happens to support much of it; but the support for v0 is not
8 maintained, so you should expect it to rot in unpredictable ways. Support
9 for v0 will be removed some time after Tor 0.1.2.
13 This document describes an implementation-specific protocol that is used
14 for other programs (such as frontend user-interfaces) to communicate
15 with a locally running Tor process. It is not part of the Tor onion
18 We're trying to be pretty extensible here, but not infinitely
23 TC is a bidirectional message-based protocol. It assumes an underlying
24 stream for communication between a controlling process (the "client") and
25 a Tor process (the "server"). The stream may be implemented via TCP,
26 TLS-over-TCP, a Unix-domain socket, or so on, but it must provide
27 reliable in-order delivery. For security, the stream should not be
28 accessible by untrusted parties.
30 In TC, the client and server send typed variable-length messages to each
31 other over the underlying stream. By default, all messages from the server
32 are in response to messages from the client. Some client requests, however,
33 will cause the server to send messages to the client indefinitely far into
36 Servers respond to messages in the order they're received.
40 The messages take the following format:
42 Length [2 octets; big-endian]
43 Type [2 octets; big-endian]
46 Upon encountering a recognized Type, implementations behave as described in
47 section 3 below. If the type is not recognized, servers respond with an
48 "ERROR" message (code UNRECOGNIZED; see 3.1 below), and clients simply ignore
51 2.1. Types and encodings
53 All numbers are given in big-endian (network) order.
55 OR identities are given in hexadecimal, in the same format as identity key
56 fingerprints, but without spaces; see tor-spec.txt for more information.
60 Message types are drawn from the following ranges:
62 0x0000-0xEFFF : Reserved for use by official versions of this spec.
63 0xF000-0xFFFF : Unallocated; usable by unofficial extensions.
65 3.1. ERROR (Type 0x0000)
67 Sent in response to a message that could not be processed as requested.
69 The body of the message begins with a 2-byte error code. The following
72 0x0000 Unspecified error
76 [Something went wrong inside Tor, so that the client's
77 request couldn't be fulfilled.]
79 0x0002 Unrecognized message type
80 [The client sent a message type we don't understand.]
83 [The client sent a message body in a format we can't parse.]
85 0x0004 Unrecognized configuration key
86 [The client tried to get or set a configuration option we don't
89 0x0005 Invalid configuration value
90 [The client tried to set a configuration option to an
91 incorrect, ill-formed, or impossible value.]
93 0x0006 Unrecognized byte code
94 [The client tried to set a byte code (in the body) that
98 [The client tried to send a command that requires
99 authorization, but it hasn't sent a valid AUTHENTICATE
102 0x0008 Failed authentication attempt
103 [The client sent a well-formed authorization message.]
105 0x0009 Resource exhausted
106 [The server didn't have enough of a given resource to
107 fulfill a given request.]
109 0x000A No such stream
111 0x000B No such circuit
115 The rest of the body should be a human-readable description of the error.
117 In general, new error codes should only be added when they don't fall under
118 one of the existing error codes.
120 3.2. DONE (Type 0x0001)
122 Sent from server to client in response to a request that was successfully
123 completed, with no more information needed. The body is usually empty but
124 may contain a message.
126 3.3. SETCONF (Type 0x0002)
128 Change the value of a configuration variable. The body contains a list of
129 newline-terminated key-value configuration lines. An individual key-value
130 configuration line consists of the key, followed by a space, followed by
131 the value. The server behaves as though it had just read the key-value pair
132 in its configuration file.
134 The server responds with a DONE message on success, or an ERROR message on
137 When a configuration options takes multiple values, or when multiple
138 configuration keys form a context-sensitive group (see below), then
139 setting _any_ of the options in a SETCONF command is taken to reset all of
140 the others. For example, if two ORBindAddress values are configured,
141 and a SETCONF command arrives containing a single ORBindAddress value, the
142 new command's value replaces the two old values.
144 To _remove_ all settings for a given option entirely (and go back to its
145 default value), send a single line containing the key and no value.
147 3.4. GETCONF (Type 0x0003)
149 Request the value of a configuration variable. The body contains one or
150 more NL-terminated strings for configuration keys. The server replies
151 with a CONFVALUE message.
153 If an option appears multiple times in the configuration, all of its
154 key-value pairs are returned in order.
156 Some options are context-sensitive, and depend on other options with
157 different keywords. These cannot be fetched directly. Currently there
158 is only one such option: clients should use the "HiddenServiceOptions"
159 virtual keyword to get all HiddenServiceDir, HiddenServicePort,
160 HiddenServiceNodes, and HiddenServiceExcludeNodes option settings.
162 3.5. CONFVALUE (Type 0x0004)
164 Sent in response to a GETCONF message; contains a list of "Key Value\n"
165 (A non-whitespace keyword, a single space, a non-NL value, a NL)
168 3.6. SETEVENTS (Type 0x0005)
170 Request the server to inform the client about interesting events.
171 The body contains a list of 2-byte event codes (see "event" below).
172 Any events *not* listed in the SETEVENTS body are turned off; thus, sending
173 SETEVENTS with an empty body turns off all event reporting.
175 The server responds with a DONE message on success, and an ERROR message
176 if one of the event codes isn't recognized. (On error, the list of active
177 event codes isn't changed.)
179 3.7. EVENT (Type 0x0006)
181 Sent from the server to the client when an event has occurred and the
182 client has requested that kind of event. The body contains a 2-byte
183 event code followed by additional event-dependent information. Event
185 0x0001 -- Circuit status changed
188 0x00 Launched - circuit ID assigned to new circuit
189 0x01 Built - all hops finished, can now accept streams
190 0x02 Extended - one more hop has been completed
191 0x03 Failed - circuit closed (was not built)
192 0x04 Closed - circuit closed (was built)
193 Circuit ID [4 octets]
194 (Must be unique to Tor process/time)
195 Path [NUL-terminated comma-separated string]
196 (For extended/failed, is the portion of the path that is
199 0x0002 -- Stream status changed
202 (Sent connect=0,sent resolve=1,succeeded=2,failed=3,
203 closed=4, new connection=5, new resolve request=6,
204 stream detached from circuit and still retriable=7)
206 (Must be unique to Tor process/time)
207 Target (NUL-terminated address-port string]
209 0x0003 -- OR Connection status changed
212 (Launched=0,connected=1,failed=2,closed=3)
213 OR nickname/identity [NUL-terminated]
215 0x0004 -- Bandwidth used in the last second
217 Bytes read [4 octets]
218 Bytes written [4 octets]
220 0x0005 -- Notice/warning/error occurred
222 Message [NUL-terminated]
224 <obsolete: use 0x0007-0x000B instead.>
226 0x0006 -- New descriptors available
228 OR List [NUL-terminated, comma-delimited list of
231 0x0007 -- Debug message occurred
232 0x0008 -- Info message occurred
233 0x0009 -- Notice message occurred
234 0x000A -- Warning message occurred
235 0x000B -- Error message occurred
237 Message [NUL-terminated]
239 3.8. AUTHENTICATE (Type 0x0007)
241 Sent from the client to the server. Contains a 'magic cookie' to prove
242 that client is really allowed to control this Tor process. The server
243 responds with DONE or ERROR.
245 The format of the 'cookie' is implementation-dependent; see 4.1 below for
246 information on how the standard Tor implementation handles it.
248 3.9. SAVECONF (Type 0x0008)
250 Sent from the client to the server. Instructs the server to write out
251 its config options into its torrc. Server returns DONE if successful, or
252 ERROR if it can't write the file or some other error occurs.
254 3.10. SIGNAL (Type 0x0009)
256 Sent from the client to the server. The body contains one byte that
257 indicates the action the client wishes the server to take.
259 1 (0x01) -- Reload: reload config items, refetch directory.
260 2 (0x02) -- Controlled shutdown: if server is an OP, exit immediately.
261 If it's an OR, close listeners and exit after 30 seconds.
262 10 (0x0A) -- Dump stats: log information about open connections and
264 12 (0x0C) -- Debug: switch all open logs to loglevel debug.
265 15 (0x0F) -- Immediate shutdown: clean up and exit now.
267 The server responds with DONE if the signal is recognized (or simply
268 closes the socket if it was asked to close immediately), else ERROR.
270 3.11. MAPADDRESS (Type 0x000A)
272 Sent from the client to the server. The body contains a sequence of
273 address mappings, each consisting of the address to be mapped, a single
274 space, the replacement address, and a NL character.
276 Addresses may be IPv4 addresses, IPv6 addresses, or hostnames.
278 The client sends this message to the server in order to tell it that future
279 SOCKS requests for connections to the original address should be replaced
280 with connections to the specified replacement address. If the addresses
281 are well-formed, and the server is able to fulfill the request, the server
282 replies with a single DONE message containing the source and destination
283 addresses. If request is malformed, the server replies with a syntax error
284 message. The server can't fulfill the request, it replies with an internal
287 The client may decline to provide a body for the original address, and
288 instead send a special null address ("0.0.0.0" for IPv4, "::0" for IPv6, or
289 "." for hostname), signifying that the server should choose the original
290 address itself, and return that address in the DONE message. The server
291 should ensure that it returns an element of address space that is unlikely
292 to be in actual use. If there is already an address mapped to the
293 destination address, the server may reuse that mapping.
295 If the original address is already mapped to a different address, the old
296 mapping is removed. If the original address and the destination address
297 are the same, the server removes any mapping in place for the original
300 {Note: This feature is designed to be used to help Tor-ify applications
301 that need to use SOCKS4 or hostname-less SOCKS5. There are three
302 approaches to doing this:
303 1. Somehow make them use SOCKS4a or SOCKS5-with-hostnames instead.
304 2. Use tor-resolve (or another interface to Tor's resolve-over-SOCKS
305 feature) to resolve the hostname remotely. This doesn't work
306 with special addresses like x.onion or x.y.exit.
307 3. Use MAPADDRESS to map an IP address to the desired hostname, and then
308 arrange to fool the application into thinking that the hostname
309 has resolved to that IP.
310 This functionality is designed to help implement the 3rd approach.}
312 [XXXX When, if ever, can mappings expire? Should they expire?]
313 [XXXX What addresses, if any, are safe to use?]
315 3.12 GETINFO (Type 0x000B)
317 Sent from the client to the server. The message body is as for GETCONF:
318 one or more NL-terminated strings. The server replies with an INFOVALUE
321 Unlike GETCONF, this message is used for data that are not stored in the
322 Tor configuration file, but instead.
324 Recognized key and their values include:
326 "version" -- The version of the server's software, including the name
327 of the software. (example: "Tor 0.0.9.4")
329 "desc/id/<OR identity>" or "desc/name/<OR nickname>" -- the latest server
330 descriptor for a given OR, NUL-terminated. If no such OR is known, the
331 corresponding value is an empty string.
333 "network-status" -- a space-separated list of all known OR identities.
334 This is in the same format as the router-status line in directories;
335 see tor-spec.txt for details.
338 "addr-mappings/config"
339 "addr-mappings/cache"
340 "addr-mappings/control" -- a NL-terminated list of address mappings, each
341 in the form of "from-address" SP "to-address". The 'config' key
342 returns those address mappings set in the configuration; the 'cache'
343 key returns the mappings in the client-side DNS cache; the 'control'
344 key returns the mappings set via the control interface; the 'all'
345 target returns the mappings set through any mechanism.
347 3.13 INFOVALUE (Type 0x000C)
349 Sent from the server to the client in response to a GETINFO message.
350 Contains one or more items of the format:
352 Key [(NUL-terminated string)]
353 Value [(NUL-terminated string)]
355 The keys match those given in the GETINFO message.
357 3.14 EXTENDCIRCUIT (Type 0x000D)
359 Sent from the client to the server. The message body contains two fields:
360 Circuit ID [4 octets]
361 Path [NUL-terminated, comma-delimited string of OR nickname/identity]
363 This request takes one of two forms: either the Circuit ID is zero, in
364 which case it is a request for the server to build a new circuit according
365 to the specified path, or the Circuit ID is nonzero, in which case it is a
366 request for the server to extend an existing circuit with that ID according
367 to the specified path.
369 If the request is successful, the server sends a DONE message containing
370 a message body consisting of the four-octet Circuit ID of the newly created
373 3.15 ATTACHSTREAM (Type 0x000E)
375 Sent from the client to the server. The message body contains two fields:
377 Circuit ID [4 octets]
379 This message informs the server that the specified stream should be
380 associated with the specified circuit. Each stream may be associated with
381 at most one circuit, and multiple streams may share the same circuit.
382 Streams can only be attached to completed circuits (that is, circuits that
383 have sent a circuit status 'built' event).
385 If the circuit ID is 0, responsibility for attaching the given stream is
388 {Implementation note: By default, Tor automatically attaches streams to
389 circuits itself, unless the configuration variable
390 "__LeaveStreamsUnattached" is set to "1". Attempting to attach streams
391 via TC when "__LeaveStreamsUnattached" is false may cause a race between
392 Tor and the controller, as both attempt to attach streams to circuits.}
394 3.16 POSTDESCRIPTOR (Type 0x000F)
396 Sent from the client to the server. The message body contains one field:
397 Descriptor [NUL-terminated string]
399 This message informs the server about a new descriptor.
401 The descriptor, when parsed, must contain a number of well-specified
402 fields, including fields for its nickname and identity.
404 If there is an error in parsing the descriptor, the server must send an
405 appropriate error message. If the descriptor is well-formed but the server
406 chooses not to add it, it must reply with a DONE message whose body
407 explains why the server was not added.
409 3.17 FRAGMENTHEADER (Type 0x0010)
411 Sent in either direction. Used to encapsulate messages longer than 65535
414 Underlying type [2 bytes]
415 Total Length [4 bytes]
416 Data [Rest of message]
418 A FRAGMENTHEADER message MUST be followed immediately by a number of
419 FRAGMENT messages, such that lengths of the "Data" fields of the
420 FRAGMENTHEADER and FRAGMENT messages add to the "Total Length" field of the
421 FRAGMENTHEADER message.
423 Implementations MUST NOT fragment messages of length less than 65536 bytes.
424 Implementations MUST be able to process fragmented messages that not
427 3.18 FRAGMENT (Type 0x0011)
429 Data [Entire message]
431 See FRAGMENTHEADER for more information
433 3.19 REDIRECTSTREAM (Type 0x0012)
435 Sent from the client to the server. The message body contains two fields:
437 Address [variable-length, NUL-terminated.]
439 Tells the server to change the exit address on the specified stream. No
440 remapping is performed on the new provided address.
442 To be sure that the modified address will be used, this event must be sent
443 after a new stream event is received, and before attaching this stream to
446 3.20 CLOSESTREAM (Type 0x0013)
448 Sent from the client to the server. The message body contains three
454 Tells the server to close the specified stream. The reason should be
455 one of the Tor RELAY_END reasons given in tor-spec.txt. Flags is not
456 used currently. Tor may hold the stream open for a while to flush
457 any data that is pending.
459 3.21 CLOSECIRCUIT (Type 0x0014)
461 Sent from the client to the server. The message body contains two
463 Circuit ID [4 octets]
466 Tells the server to close the specified circuit. If the LSB of the flags
467 field is nonzero, do not close the circuit unless it is unused.
469 4. Implementation notes
473 By default, the current Tor implementation trusts all local users.
475 If the 'CookieAuthentication' option is true, Tor writes a "magic cookie"
476 file named "control_auth_cookie" into its data directory. To authenticate,
477 the controller must send the contents of this file.
479 If the 'HashedControlPassword' option is set, it must contain the salted
480 hash of a secret password. The salted hash is computed according to the
481 S2K algorithm in RFC 2440 (OpenPGP), and prefixed with the s2k specifier.
482 This is then encoded in hexadecimal, prefixed by the indicator sequence
483 "16:". Thus, for example, the password 'foo' could encode to:
484 16:660537E3E1CD49996044A3BF558097A981F539FEA2F9DA662B4626C1C2
485 ++++++++++++++++**^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
488 You can generate the salt of a password by calling
489 'tor --hash-password <password>'
490 or by using the example code in the Python and Java controller libraries.
491 To authenticate under this scheme, the controller sends Tor the original
492 secret that was used to generate the password.
494 4.2. Don't let the buffer get too big.
496 If you ask for lots of events, and 16MB of them queue up on the buffer,
497 the Tor process will close the socket.