2 Pluggable Transport Specification
11 This proposal describes a way to decouple protocol-level obfuscation
12 from the core Tor protocol in order to better resist client-bridge
13 censorship. Our approach is to specify a means to add pluggable
14 transport implementations to Tor clients and bridges so that they can
15 negotiate a superencipherment for the Tor protocol.
17 It is based on Proposal 180: see that document and its discussion for
18 more background and motivation issue, and a discussion of issues in
19 writing pluggable transpots.
21 Specifications: Client behavior
23 We extend the bridge line format to allow you to say which method
24 to use to connect to a bridge.
27 Bridge method address:port [[keyid=]id-fingerprint] [k=v] [k=v] [k=v]
29 To connect to such a bridge, the Tor program needs to know which
30 SOCKS proxy will support the transport called "method". It
31 then connects to this proxy, and asks it to connect to
32 address:port. If [id-fingerprint] is provided, Tor should expect
33 the public identity key on the TLS connection to match the digest
34 provided in [id-fingerprint]. If any [k=v] items are provided,
35 they are configuration parameters for the proxy: Tor should
36 separate them with semicolons and put them in the user and
37 password fields of the request, splitting them across the fields
38 as necessary. If a key or value value must contain a semicolon or
39 a backslash, it is escaped with a backslash.
41 Method names must be C identifiers.
43 For reference, the old bridge format was
44 Bridge address[:port] [id-fingerprint]
45 where port defaults to 443 and the id-fingerprint is optional. The
46 new format can be distinguished from the old one by checking if the
47 first argument has any non-C-identifier characters. (Looking for a
48 period should be a simple way.) Also, while the id-fingerprint could
49 optionally include whitespace in the old format, whitespace in the
50 id-fingerprint is not permitted in the new format.
52 Example: if the bridge line is "bridge trebuchet www.example.com:3333
53 keyid=09F911029D74E35BD84156C5635688C009F909F9 rocks=20 height=5.6m"
54 AND if the Tor client knows that the 'trebuchet' method is supported,
55 the client should connect to the proxy that provides the 'trebuchet'
56 method, ask it to connect to www.example.com, and provide the string
57 "rocks=20;height=5.6m" as the username, the password, or split
58 across the username and password.
60 There are two ways to tell Tor clients about protocol proxies:
61 external proxies and managed proxies. An external proxy is configured
63 ClientTransportPlugin <method> socks4 <address:port> [auth=X]
65 ClientTransportPlugin <method> socks5 <address:port> [username=X] [password=Y]
67 "ClientTransportPlugin trebuchet socks5 127.0.0.1:9999".
68 This example tells Tor that another program is already running to handle
69 'trubuchet' connections, and Tor doesn't need to worry about it.
71 A managed proxy is configured with
72 ClientTransportPlugin <methods> exec <path> [options]
74 "ClientTransportPlugin trebuchet exec /usr/libexec/trebuchet --managed".
75 This example tells Tor to launch an external program to provide a
76 socks proxy for 'trebuchet' connections. The Tor client only
77 launches one instance of each external program with a given set of
78 options, even if the same executable and options are listed for
81 In managed proxies, <methods> can be a comma-separated list of
82 pluggable transport method names, as in:
83 "ClientTransportPlugin pawn,bishop,rook exec /bin/ptproxy --managed".
85 If instead of a transport method, the torrc lists "*" for a managed
86 proxy, Tor uses that proxy for all transport methods that the plugin
87 supports. So "ClientTransportPlugin * exec /usr/libexec/tor/foobar"
88 tells Tor that Tor should use the foobar plugin for every method that
89 the proxy supports. See the "Managed proxy interface" section below
90 for details on how Tor learns which methods a plugin supports.
92 If two plugins support the same method, Tor should use whichever
95 The same program can implement a managed or an external proxy: it just
96 needs to take an argument saying which one to be.
100 Server proxies are configured similarly to client proxies. When
101 launching a proxy, the server must tell it what ORPort it has
102 configured, and what address (if any) it can listen on. The
103 server must tell the proxy which (if any) methods it should
104 provide if it can; the proxy needs to tell the server which
105 methods it is actually providing, and on what ports.
107 When a client connects to the proxy, the proxy may need a way to
108 tell the server some identifier for the client address. It does
111 As before, the server lists proxies in its torrc. These can be
112 external proxies that run on their own, or managed proxies that Tor
115 An external server proxy is configured as
116 ServerTransportPlugin <method> proxy <address:port> <param=val> ...
118 "ServerTransportPlugin trebuchet proxy 127.0.0.1:999 rocks=heavy".
119 The param=val pairs and the address are used to make the bridge
120 configuration information that we'll tell users.
122 A managed proxy is configured as
123 ServerTransportPlugin <methods> exec </path/to/binary> [options]
125 ServerTransportPlugin * exec </path/to/binary> [options]
127 When possible, Tor should launch only one binary of each binary/option
128 pair configured. So if the torrc contains
130 ClientTransportPlugin foo exec /usr/bin/megaproxy --foo
131 ClientTransportPlugin bar exec /usr/bin/megaproxy --bar
132 ServerTransportPlugin * exec /usr/bin/megaproxy --foo
134 then Tor will launch the megaproxy binary twice: once with the option
135 --foo and once with the option --bar.
137 Managed proxy interface
139 When the Tor client or relay launches a managed proxy, it communicates
140 via environment variables. At a minimum, it sets (in addition to the
141 normal environment variables inherited from Tor):
145 "TOR_PT_STATE_LOCATION" -- A filesystem directory path where the
146 proxy should store state if it wants to. This directory is not
147 required to exist, but the proxy SHOULD be able to create it if
148 it doesn't. The proxy MUST NOT store state elsewhere.
149 Example: TOR_PT_STATE_LOCATION=/var/lib/tor/pt_state/
151 "TOR_PT_MANAGED_TRANSPORT_VER" -- To tell the proxy which
152 versions of this configuration protocol Tor supports. Future
153 versions will give a comma-separated list. Clients MUST accept
154 comma-separated lists containing any version that they
155 recognize, and MUST work correctly even if some of the versions
156 they don't recognize are non-numeric. Valid version characters
157 are non-space, non-comma printing ASCII characters.
158 Example: TOR_PT_MANAGED_TRANSPORT_VER=1,1a,2,4B
162 "TOR_PT_CLIENT_TRANSPORTS" -- A comma-separated list of which
163 methods this client should enable, or * if all methods should
164 be enabled. The proxy SHOULD ignore methods that it doesn't
166 Example: TOR_PT_CLIENT_TRANSPORTS=trebuchet,battering_ram,ballista
170 "TOR_PT_EXTENDED_SERVER_PORT" -- An <address>:<port> where tor
171 should be listening for connections speaking the extended
172 ORPort protocol (See the "The extended ORPort protocol" section
173 below). If tor does not support the extended ORPort protocol,
174 it MUST use the empty string as the value of this environment
176 Example: TOR_PT_EXTENDED_SERVER_PORT=127.0.0.1:4200
178 "TOR_PT_ORPORT" -- Our regular ORPort in a form suitable
179 for local connections, i.e. connections from the proxy to
181 Example: TOR_PT_ORPORT=127.0.0.1:9001
183 "TOR_PT_SERVER_BINDADDR" -- A comma seperated list of
184 <key>-<value> pairs, where <key> is a transport name and
185 <value> is the adress:port on which it should listen for client
187 The keys holding transport names must appear on the same order
188 as they appear on TOR_PT_SERVER_TRANSPORTS.
189 This might be the advertised address, or might be a local
190 address that Tor will forward ports to. It MUST be an address
191 that will work with bind().
193 TOR_PT_SERVER_BINDADDR=trebuchet-127.0.0.1:1984,ballista-127.0.0.1:4891
195 "TOR_PT_SERVER_TRANSPORTS" -- A comma-separated list of server
196 methods that the proxy should support, or * if all methods
197 should be enabled. The proxy SHOULD ignore methods that it
199 Example: TOR_PT_SERVER_TRANSPORTS=trebuchet,ballista
201 The transport proxy replies by writing NL-terminated lines to
202 stdout. The line metaformat is
204 <Line> ::= <Keyword> <OptArgs> <NL>
205 <Keyword> ::= <KeywordChar> | <Keyword> <KeywordChar>
206 <KeyWordChar> ::= <any US-ASCII alphanumeric, dash, and underscore>
207 <OptArgs> ::= <Args>*
208 <Args> ::= <SP> <ArgChar> | <Args> <ArgChar>
209 <ArgChar> ::= <any US-ASCII character but NUL or NL>
210 <SP> ::= <US-ASCII whitespace symbol (32)>
211 <NL> ::= <US-ASCII newline (line feed) character (10)>
213 Tor MUST ignore lines with keywords that it doesn't recognize.
215 First, if there's an error parsing the environment variables, the
217 ENV-ERROR <errormessage>
220 If the environment variables were correctly formatted, the proxy
222 VERSION <configuration protocol version>
223 to say that it supports this configuration protocol version (example
224 "VERSION 1"). It must either pick a version that Tor told it about
225 in TOR_PT_MANAGED_TRANSPORT_VER, or pick no version at all, say:
226 VERSION-ERROR no-version
229 The proxy should then open its ports. If running as a client
230 proxy, it should not use fixed ports; instead it should autoselect
231 ports to avoid conflicts. A client proxy should by default only
232 listen on localhost for connections.
234 A server proxy SHOULD try to listen at a consistent port, though it
235 SHOULD pick a different one if the port it last used is now allocated.
237 A client or server proxy then should tell which methods it has
238 made available and how. It does this by printing zero or more
239 CMETHOD and SMETHOD lines to its stdout. These lines look like:
241 CMETHOD <methodname> socks4/socks5 <address:port> [ARGS=arglist] \
246 CMETHOD trebuchet socks5 127.0.0.1:19999 ARGS=rocks,height \
247 OPT-ARGS=tensile-strength
249 The ARGS field lists mandatory parameters that must appear in
250 every bridge line for this method. The OPT-ARGS field lists
251 optional parameters. If no ARGS or OPT-ARGS field is provided,
252 Tor should not check the parameters in bridge lines for this
255 The proxy should print a single "CMETHODS DONE" line after it is
256 finished telling Tor about the client methods it provides. If it
257 tries to supply a client method but can't for some reason, it
259 CMETHOD-ERROR <methodname> <errormessage>
261 A proxy should also tell Tor about the server methods it is providing
262 by printing zero or more SMETHOD lines. These lines look like:
264 SMETHOD <methodname> <address:port> [options]
266 If there's an error setting up a configured server method, the
268 SMETHOD-ERROR <methodname> <errormessage>
270 SMETHOD-ERROR trebuchet could not setup 'trebuchet' method
272 The 'address:port' part of an SMETHOD line is the address to put
273 in the bridge line. The Options part is a list of space-separated
274 K:V flags that Tor should know about. Recognized options are:
276 SMETHOD and CMETHOD lines may be interspersed, to allow the proxies to
277 report methods as they become available, even when some methods may
278 require probing your network, connecting to some kind of peers, etc
279 before they are set up. After the final SMETHOD line, the proxy says
282 The proxy SHOULD NOT tell Tor about a server or client method
283 unless it is actually open and ready to use.
285 Tor clients SHOULD NOT use any method from a client proxy or
286 advertise any method from a server proxy UNLESS it is listed as a
287 possible method for that proxy in torrc, and it is listed by the
288 proxy as a method it supports.
290 Proxies should respond to a single INT signal by closing their
291 listener ports and not accepting any new connections, but keeping
292 all connections open, then terminating when connections are all
293 closed. Proxies should respond to a second INT signal by shutting
296 The managed proxy configuration protocol version defined in this
298 So, for example, if tor supports this configuration protocol it
299 should set the environment variable:
300 TOR_PT_MANAGED_TRANSPORT_VER=1