doc/tor-design.bib

   1 @article{ meadows96,
   2     author = "Catherine Meadows",
   3     title = "The {NRL} Protocol Analyzer: An Overview",
   4     journal = "Journal of Logic Programming",
   5     volume = "26",
   6     number = "2",
   7     pages = "113--131",
   8     year = "1996",
   9 }
  10 @inproceedings{kesdogan:pet2002,
  11   title = {Unobservable Surfing on the World Wide Web: Is Private Information Retrieval an
  12         alternative to the MIX based Approach?},
  13   author = {Dogan Kesdogan and Mark Borning and Michael Schmeink},
  14   booktitle = {Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PET 2002)},
  15   year = {2002},
  16   month = {April},
  17   editor = {Roger Dingledine and Paul Syverson},
  18   publisher = {Springer-Verlag, LNCS 2482},
  19 }
  20
  21 @inproceedings{statistical-disclosure,
  22   title = {Statistical Disclosure Attacks},
  23   author = {George Danezis},
  24   booktitle = {Security and Privacy in the Age of Uncertainty ({SEC2003})},
  25   organization = {{IFIP TC11}},
  26   year = {2003},
  27   month = {May},
  28   address = {Athens},
  29   pages = {421--426},
  30   publisher = {Kluwer},
  31 }
  32
  33 @inproceedings{limits-open,
  34   title = {Limits of Anonymity in Open Environments},
  35   author = {Dogan Kesdogan and Dakshi Agrawal and Stefan Penz},
  36   booktitle = {Information Hiding Workshop (IH 2002)},
  37   year = {2002},
  38   month = {October},
  39   editor = {Fabien Petitcolas},
  40   publisher = {Springer-Verlag, LNCS 2578},
  41 }
  42
  43 @inproceedings{isdn-mixes,
  44   title = {{ISDN-mixes: Untraceable communication with very small bandwidth overhead}},
  45   author = {Andreas Pfitzmann and Birgit Pfitzmann and Michael Waidner},
  46   booktitle = {GI/ITG Conference on Communication in Distributed Systems},
  47   year = {1991},
  48   month = {February},
  49   pages = {451-463},
  50 }
  51
  52 @inproceedings{tarzan:ccs02,
  53   title = {Tarzan: A Peer-to-Peer Anonymizing Network Layer},
  54   author = {Michael J. Freedman and Robert Morris},
  55   booktitle = {9th {ACM} {C}onference on {C}omputer and {C}ommunications
  56         {S}ecurity ({CCS 2002})},
  57   year = {2002},
  58   month = {November},
  59   address = {Washington, DC},
  60 }
  61
  62 @inproceedings{cebolla,
  63   title = {{Cebolla: Pragmatic IP Anonymity}},
  64   author = {Zach Brown},
  65   booktitle = {Ottawa Linux Symposium},
  66   year = {2002},
  67   month = {June},
  68 }
  69
  70 @misc{eax,
  71   author = "M. Bellare and P. Rogaway and D. Wagner",
  72   title = "A conventional authenticated-encryption mode",
  73   howpublished = {Manuscript},
  74   month = {April},
  75   year = {2003},
  76 }
  77
  78 @misc{darkside,
  79   title = {{The Dark Side of the Web: An Open Proxy's View}},
  80   author = {Vivek S. Pai and Limin Wang and KyoungSoo Park and Ruoming Pang and Larry Peterson},
  81   note = {Submitted to HotNets-II. \url{http://codeen.cs.princeton.edu/}},
  82 }
  83
  84 @Misc{anonymizer,
  85   key =          {anonymizer},
  86   title =        {The {Anonymizer}},
  87   note =         {\url{http://anonymizer.com/}}
  88 }
  89
  90 @Misc{privoxy,
  91   key =          {privoxy},
  92   title =        {{Privoxy}},
  93   note =         {\url{http://www.privoxy.org/}}
  94 }
  95
  96 @inproceedings{anonnet,
  97   title = {{Analysis of an Anonymity Network for Web Browsing}},
  98   author = {Marc Rennhard and Sandro Rafaeli and Laurent Mathy and Bernhard Plattner and
  99         David Hutchison},
 100   booktitle = {{IEEE 7th Intl. Workshop on Enterprise Security (WET ICE
 101         2002)}},
 102   year = {2002},
 103   month = {June},
 104   address = {Pittsburgh, USA},
 105   pages = {49--54},
 106 }
 107
 108 @inproceedings{econymics,
 109   title = {On the Economics of Anonymity},
 110   author = {Alessandro Acquisti and Roger Dingledine and Paul Syverson},
 111   booktitle = {Financial Cryptography},
 112   year = {2003},
 113   editor = {Rebecca N. Wright},
 114   publisher = {Springer-Verlag, LNCS 2742},
 115 }
 116
 117 @inproceedings{defensive-dropping,
 118   title = {Stopping Timing Attacks in Low-Latency Mix-Based Systems},
 119   author = {Matthew Wright and Brian N. Levine and Michael K. Reiter and Chenxi Wang},
 120   booktitle = {Financial Cryptography},
 121   year = {2004},
 122   editor = {Ari Juels},
 123   publisher = {Springer-Verlag, LNCS (forthcoming)},
 124 }
 125
 126 @inproceedings{morphmix:fc04,
 127   title = {Practical Anonymity for the Masses with MorphMix},
 128   author = {Marc Rennhard and Bernhard Plattner},
 129   booktitle = {Financial Cryptography},
 130   year = {2004},
 131   editor = {Ari Juels},
 132   publisher = {Springer-Verlag, LNCS (forthcoming)},
 133 }
 134
 135 @inproceedings{eternity,
 136   title = {The Eternity Service},
 137   author = {Ross Anderson},
 138   booktitle = {Pragocrypt '96},
 139   year = {1996},
 140 }
 141   %note =  {\url{http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/users/rja14/eternity/eternity.html}},
 142
 143
 144 @inproceedings{minion-design,
 145   title = {Mixminion: Design of a Type {III} Anonymous Remailer Protocol},
 146   author = {George Danezis and Roger Dingledine and Nick Mathewson},
 147   booktitle = {2003 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy},
 148   year = {2003},
 149   month = {May},
 150   publisher = {IEEE CS},
 151   pages = {2--15},
 152 }
 153   %note = {\url{http://mixminion.net/minion-design.pdf}},
 154
 155 @inproceedings{ rao-pseudonymity,
 156     author = "Josyula R. Rao and Pankaj Rohatgi",
 157     title = "Can Pseudonymity Really Guarantee Privacy?",
 158     booktitle = "Proceedings of the Ninth USENIX Security Symposium",
 159     year = {2000},
 160     month = Aug,
 161     publisher = {USENIX},
 162     pages = "85--96",
 163 }
 164     %note = {\url{http://www.usenix.org/publications/library/proceedings/sec2000/
 165 %full_papers/rao/rao.pdf}},
 166
 167 @InProceedings{pfitzmann90how,
 168     author = "Birgit Pfitzmann and Andreas Pfitzmann",
 169     title = "How to Break the Direct {RSA}-Implementation of {MIXes}",
 170     booktitle = {Eurocrypt 89},
 171     publisher = {Springer-Verlag, LNCS 434},
 172     year = {1990},
 173     note = {\url{http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/pfitzmann90how.html}},
 174 }
 175
 176 %   author =      {Roger Dingledine and Nick Mathewson},
 177 @Misc{tor-spec,
 178    author =      {Anonymized},
 179    title =       {Tor Protocol Specifications},
 180    note =        {\url{http://freehaven.net/tor/tor-spec.txt}},
 181 }
 182
 183 @InProceedings{BM:mixencrypt,
 184   author =       {M{\"o}ller, Bodo},
 185   title =        {Provably Secure Public-Key Encryption for Length-Preserving Chaumian Mixes},
 186   booktitle =    {{CT-RSA} 2003},
 187   publisher =    {Springer-Verlag, LNCS 2612},
 188   year =         2003,
 189 }
 190
 191 @InProceedings{back01,
 192   author =       {Adam Back and Ulf M\"oller and Anton Stiglic},
 193   title =        {Traffic Analysis Attacks and Trade-Offs in Anonymity Providing Systems},
 194   booktitle =    {Information Hiding (IH 2001)},
 195   pages =        {245--257},
 196   year =         2001,
 197   editor =       {Ira S. Moskowitz},
 198   publisher =    {Springer-Verlag, LNCS 2137},
 199 }
 200   %note =         {\newline \url{http://www.cypherspace.org/adam/pubs/traffic.pdf}},
 201
 202 @InProceedings{rackoff93cryptographic,
 203    author =      {Charles Rackoff and Daniel R. Simon},
 204    title =       {Cryptographic Defense Against Traffic Analysis},
 205    booktitle =   {{ACM} Symposium on Theory of Computing},
 206    pages =       {672--681},
 207    year =        {1993},
 208 }
 209    %note =        {\url{http://research.microsoft.com/crypto/dansimon/me.htm}},
 210
 211 @InProceedings{freehaven-berk,
 212    author =      {Roger Dingledine and Michael J. Freedman and David Molnar},
 213    title =       {The Free Haven Project: Distributed Anonymous Storage Service},
 214    booktitle =   {Designing Privacy Enhancing Technologies: Workshop
 215                   on Design Issue in Anonymity and Unobservability},
 216    year =        {2000},
 217    month =       {July},
 218    editor =      {H. Federrath},
 219    publisher =   {Springer-Verlag, LNCS 2009},
 220 }
 221    %note =        {\url{http://freehaven.net/papers.html}},
 222
 223 @InProceedings{raymond00,
 224   author =       {J. F. Raymond},
 225   title =        {{Traffic Analysis: Protocols, Attacks, Design Issues,
 226                   and Open Problems}},
 227   booktitle =    {Designing Privacy Enhancing Technologies: Workshop
 228                   on Design Issue in Anonymity and Unobservability},
 229   year =         2000,
 230   month =        {July},
 231   pages =        {10-29},
 232   editor =       {H. Federrath},
 233   publisher =    {Springer-Verlag, LNCS 2009},
 234 }
 235
 236 @InProceedings{sybil,
 237   author = "John Douceur",
 238   title = {{The Sybil Attack}},
 239   booktitle = "Proceedings of the 1st International Peer To Peer Systems Workshop (IPTPS 2002)",
 240   month = Mar,
 241   year = 2002,
 242 }
 243
 244 @InProceedings{trickle02,
 245   author =       {Andrei Serjantov and Roger Dingledine and Paul Syverson},
 246   title =        {From a Trickle to a Flood: Active Attacks on Several
 247                   Mix Types},
 248   booktitle =    {Information Hiding (IH 2002)},
 249   year =         {2002},
 250   editor =       {Fabien Petitcolas},
 251   publisher =    {Springer-Verlag, LNCS 2578},
 252 }
 253
 254 @InProceedings{langos02,
 255   author =      {Oliver Berthold and Heinrich Langos},
 256   title =       {Dummy Traffic Against Long Term Intersection Attacks},
 257   booktitle =    {Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PET 2002)},
 258   year =         {2002},
 259   editor =       {Roger Dingledine and Paul Syverson},
 260   publisher =    {Springer-Verlag, LNCS 2482}
 261 }
 262
 263
 264 @InProceedings{hintz-pet02,
 265   author =       {Andrew Hintz},
 266   title =        {Fingerprinting Websites Using Traffic Analysis},
 267   booktitle =    {Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PET 2002)},
 268   pages =        {171--178},
 269   year =         2002,
 270   editor =       {Roger Dingledine and Paul Syverson},
 271   publisher =    {Springer-Verlag, LNCS 2482}
 272 }
 273
 274 @InProceedings{or-discex00,
 275    author =      {Paul Syverson and Michael Reed and David Goldschlag},
 276    title =       {{O}nion {R}outing Access Configurations},
 277    booktitle =   {DARPA Information Survivability Conference and
 278                   Exposition (DISCEX 2000)},
 279    year =        {2000},
 280    publisher =   {IEEE CS Press},
 281    pages =       {34--40},
 282    volume =      {1},
 283 }
 284    %note =        {\newline \url{http://www.onion-router.net/Publications.html}},
 285
 286 @Inproceedings{or-pet00,
 287   title =        {{Towards an Analysis of Onion Routing Security}},
 288   author =       {Paul Syverson and Gene Tsudik and Michael Reed and
 289                   Carl Landwehr},
 290   booktitle =    {Designing Privacy Enhancing Technologies: Workshop
 291                   on Design Issue in Anonymity and Unobservability},
 292   year =         2000,
 293   month =        {July},
 294   pages =        {96--114},
 295   editor =       {H. Federrath},
 296   publisher =    {Springer-Verlag, LNCS 2009},
 297 }
 298   %note =         {\url{http://www.onion-router.net/Publications/WDIAU-2000.ps.gz}},
 299
 300 @Inproceedings{freenet-pets00,
 301   title =        {Freenet: A Distributed Anonymous Information Storage
 302     and Retrieval System},
 303   author =       {Ian Clarke and Oskar Sandberg and Brandon Wiley and
 304     Theodore W. Hong},
 305   booktitle =    {Designing Privacy Enhancing Technologies: Workshop
 306                   on Design Issue in Anonymity and Unobservability},
 307   year =         2000,
 308   month =        {July},
 309   pages =        {46--66},
 310   editor =       {H. Federrath},
 311   publisher =    {Springer-Verlag, LNCS 2009},
 312 }
 313   %note =         {\url{http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/clarke00freenet.html}},
 314
 315 @InProceedings{or-ih96,
 316   author =       {David M. Goldschlag and Michael G. Reed and Paul
 317                   F. Syverson},
 318   title =        {Hiding Routing Information},
 319   booktitle =    {Information Hiding, First International Workshop},
 320   pages =        {137--150},
 321   year =         1996,
 322   editor =       {R. Anderson},
 323   month =        {May},
 324   publisher =    {Springer-Verlag, LNCS 1174},
 325 }
 326   %note =         {\url{http://www.onion-router.net/Publications/IH-1996.ps.gz}}
 327
 328 @Article{or-jsac98,
 329   author =       {Michael G. Reed and Paul F. Syverson and David
 330                   M. Goldschlag},
 331   title =        {Anonymous Connections and Onion Routing},
 332   journal =      {IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications},
 333   year =         1998,
 334   volume =       16,
 335   number =       4,
 336   pages =        {482--494},
 337   month =        {May},
 338 }
 339   %note =         {\url{http://www.onion-router.net/Publications/JSAC-1998.ps.gz}}
 340
 341 @Misc{TLS,
 342    author =      {T. Dierks and C. Allen},
 343    title =       {The {TLS} {P}rotocol --- {V}ersion 1.0},
 344    howpublished = {IETF RFC 2246},
 345    month =       {January},
 346    year =        {1999},
 347    note =        {\url{http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2246.txt}},
 348 }
 349
 350 @Misc{SMTP,
 351    author =      {J. Postel},
 352    title =       {Simple {M}ail {T}ransfer {P}rotocol},
 353    howpublished = {IETF RFC 2821 (also STD0010)},
 354    month =       {April},
 355    year =        {2001},
 356    note =        {\url{http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2821.txt}},
 357 }
 358
 359 @Misc{IMAP,
 360    author =      {M. Crispin},
 361    title =       {Internet {M}essage {A}ccess {P}rotocol --- {V}ersion 4rev1},
 362    howpublished = {IETF RFC 2060},
 363    month =       {December},
 364    year =        {1996},
 365    note =        {\url{http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2060.txt}},
 366 }
 367
 368 @misc{pipenet,
 369   title = {PipeNet 1.1},
 370   author = {Wei Dai},
 371   year = 1996,
 372   month = {August},
 373   howpublished = {Usenet post},
 374   note = {\url{http://www.eskimo.com/~weidai/pipenet.txt} First mentioned
 375       in a post to the cypherpunks list, Feb.\ 1995.},
 376 }
 377
 378
 379 @Misc{POP3,
 380    author =      {J. Myers and M. Rose},
 381    title =       {Post {O}ffice {P}rotocol --- {V}ersion 3},
 382    howpublished = {IETF RFC 1939 (also STD0053)},
 383    month =       {May},
 384    year =        {1996},
 385    note =        {\url{http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc1939.txt}},
 386 }
 387
 388
 389 @InProceedings{shuffle,
 390    author =      {C. Andrew Neff},
 391    title =       {A Verifiable Secret Shuffle and its Application to E-Voting},
 392    booktitle =    {8th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications
 393                   Security (CCS-8)},
 394    pages =       {116--125},
 395    year =        2001,
 396    editor =      {P. Samarati},
 397    month =       {November},
 398    publisher =   {ACM Press},
 399 }
 400    %note =        {\url{http://www.votehere.net/ada_compliant/ourtechnology/
 401    %                    technicaldocs/shuffle.pdf}},
 402
 403 @InProceedings{dolev91,
 404    author =      {Danny Dolev and Cynthia Dwork and Moni Naor},
 405    title =       {Non-Malleable Cryptography},
 406    booktitle =   {23rd ACM Symposium on the Theory of Computing (STOC)},
 407    pages =       {542--552},
 408    year =        1991,
 409    note =        {Updated version at
 410                   \url{http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/dolev00nonmalleable.html}},
 411 }
 412
 413 @TechReport{rsw96,
 414    author =      {Ronald L. Rivest and Adi Shamir and David A. Wagner},
 415    title =       {Time-lock puzzles and timed-release Crypto},
 416    year =        1996,
 417    type =        {MIT LCS technical memo},
 418    number =      {MIT/LCS/TR-684},
 419    month =       {February},
 420    note =        {\newline \url{http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/rivest96timelock.html}},
 421 }
 422
 423 @InProceedings{web-mix,
 424    author =      {Oliver Berthold and Hannes Federrath and Stefan K\"opsell},
 425    title =       {Web {MIX}es: A system for anonymous and unobservable
 426                   {I}nternet access},
 427   booktitle =    {Designing Privacy Enhancing Technologies: Workshop
 428                   on Design Issue in Anonymity and Unobservability},
 429    editor =       {H. Federrath},
 430    publisher =    {Springer-Verlag, LNCS 2009},
 431    pages =       {115--129},
 432    year =        {2000},
 433 }
 434
 435 @InProceedings{disad-free-routes,
 436    author =      {Oliver Berthold and Andreas Pfitzmann and Ronny Standtke},
 437    title =       {The disadvantages of free {MIX} routes and how to overcome
 438                   them},
 439    booktitle =   {Designing Privacy Enhancing Technologies: Workshop
 440                   on Design Issue in Anonymity and Unobservability},
 441    pages =       {30--45},
 442    year =        2000,
 443    editor =       {H. Federrath},
 444    publisher =    {Springer-Verlag, LNCS 2009},
 445 }
 446    %note =        {\url{http://www.tik.ee.ethz.ch/~weiler/lehre/netsec/Unterlagen/anon/
 447    %                    disadvantages_berthold.pdf}},
 448
 449 @InProceedings{boneh00,
 450    author =      {Dan Boneh and Moni Naor},
 451    title =       {Timed Commitments},
 452    booktitle =   {Advances in Cryptology -- {CRYPTO} 2000},
 453    pages =       {236--254},
 454    year =        2000,
 455    publisher =   {Springer-Verlag, LNCS 1880},
 456    note =        {\newline \url{http://crypto.stanford.edu/~dabo/abstracts/timedcommit.html}},
 457 }
 458
 459 @InProceedings{goldschlag98,
 460    author =      {David M. Goldschlag and Stuart G. Stubblebine},
 461    title =       {Publicly Verifiable Lotteries: Applications of
 462                   Delaying Functions},
 463    booktitle =   {Financial Cryptography},
 464    pages =       {214--226},
 465    year =        1998,
 466    publisher =   {Springer-Verlag, LNCS 1465},
 467    note =        {\newline \url{http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/goldschlag98publicly.html}},
 468 }
 469
 470 @InProceedings{syverson98,
 471    author =      {Paul Syverson},
 472    title =       {Weakly Secret Bit Commitment: Applications to
 473                   Lotteries and Fair Exchange},
 474    booktitle =   {Computer Security Foundations Workshop (CSFW11)},
 475    pages =       {2--13},
 476    year =        1998,
 477    address =     {Rockport Massachusetts},
 478    month =       {June},
 479    publisher =   {IEEE CS Press},
 480    note =        {\newline \url{http://chacs.nrl.navy.mil/publications/CHACS/1998/}},
 481 }
 482
 483 @Misc{shoup-iso,
 484    author =      {Victor Shoup},
 485    title =       {A Proposal for an {ISO} {S}tandard for Public Key Encryption (version 2.1)},
 486    note =        {Revised December 20, 2001. \url{http://www.shoup.net/papers/}},
 487 }
 488
 489 @Misc{shoup-oaep,
 490    author =      {Victor Shoup},
 491    title =       {{OAEP} Reconsidered},
 492    howpublished = {{IACR} e-print 2000/060},
 493    note =        {\newline \url{http://eprint.iacr.org/2000/060/}},
 494 }
 495
 496 @Misc{oaep-still-alive,
 497    author =      {E. Fujisaki and D. Pointcheval and T. Okamoto and J. Stern},
 498    title =       {{RSA}-{OAEP} is Still Alive!},
 499    howpublished = {{IACR} e-print 2000/061},
 500    note =        {\newline \url{http://eprint.iacr.org/2000/061/}},
 501 }
 502
 503 @misc{echolot,
 504   author = {Peter Palfrader},
 505   title = {Echolot: a pinger for anonymous remailers},
 506   note = {\url{http://www.palfrader.org/echolot/}},
 507 }
 508
 509 @Misc{mixmaster-attacks,
 510    author =      {Lance Cottrell},
 511    title =       {Mixmaster and Remailer Attacks},
 512    note =        {\url{http://www.obscura.com/~loki/remailer/remailer-essay.html}},
 513 }
 514
 515 @Misc{mixmaster-spec,
 516    author =      {Ulf M{\"o}ller and Lance Cottrell and Peter
 517                   Palfrader and Len Sassaman},
 518    title =       {Mixmaster {P}rotocol --- {V}ersion 2},
 519    year =        {2003},
 520    month =       {July},
 521    howpublished = {Draft},
 522    note =        {\url{http://www.abditum.com/mixmaster-spec.txt}},
 523 }
 524
 525 @InProceedings{puzzles-tls,
 526     author = "Drew Dean and Adam Stubblefield",
 527     title = {{Using Client Puzzles to Protect TLS}},
 528     booktitle = "Proceedings of the 10th USENIX Security Symposium",
 529     year = {2001},
 530     month = Aug,
 531     publisher = {USENIX},
 532 }
 533
 534 @InProceedings{breadpudding,
 535   author =       {Markus Jakobsson and Ari Juels},
 536   title =        {Proofs of Work and Bread Pudding Protocols},
 537   booktitle =    {Proceedings of the IFIP TC6 and TC11 Joint Working
 538                   Conference on Communications and Multimedia Security
 539                   (CMS '99)},
 540   year =         1999,
 541   month =        {September},
 542   publisher =    {Kluwer}
 543 }
 544
 545 @Misc{hashcash,
 546    author =      {Adam Back},
 547    title =       {Hash cash},
 548    note =        {\newline \url{http://www.cypherspace.org/~adam/hashcash/}},
 549 }
 550
 551 @InProceedings{oreilly-acc,
 552    author =      {Roger Dingledine and Michael J. Freedman and David Molnar},
 553    title =       {Accountability},
 554    booktitle =   {Peer-to-peer: Harnessing the Benefits of a Disruptive
 555                   Technology},
 556    year =        {2001},
 557    publisher =   {O'Reilly and Associates},
 558 }
 559
 560
 561 @InProceedings{han,
 562    author =      {Yongfei Han},
 563    title =       {Investigation of non-repudiation protocols},
 564    booktitle =   {ACISP '96},
 565    year =        1996,
 566    publisher =   {Springer-Verlag},
 567 }
 568
 569
 570 @Misc{socks5,
 571   key =          {socks5},
 572   title =        {{SOCKS} {P}rotocol {V}ersion 5},
 573   howpublished=  {IETF RFC 1928},
 574   month =        {March},
 575   year =         1996,
 576   note =         {\url{http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1928.txt}}
 577 }
 578
 579 @InProceedings{abe,
 580    author =      {Masayuki Abe},
 581    title =       {Universally Verifiable {MIX} With Verification Work Independent of
 582                   The Number of {MIX} Servers},
 583    booktitle =   {{EUROCRYPT} 1998},
 584    year =        {1998},
 585    publisher =   {Springer-Verlag, LNCS 1403},
 586 }
 587
 588 @InProceedings{desmedt,
 589    author =      {Yvo Desmedt and Kaoru Kurosawa},
 590    title =       {How To Break a Practical {MIX} and Design a New One},
 591    booktitle =   {{EUROCRYPT} 2000},
 592    year =        {2000},
 593    publisher =   {Springer-Verlag, LNCS 1803},
 594    note =        {\url{http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/447709.html}},
 595 }
 596
 597 @InProceedings{mitkuro,
 598    author =      {M. Mitomo and K. Kurosawa},
 599    title =       {{Attack for Flash MIX}},
 600    booktitle =   {{ASIACRYPT} 2000},
 601    year =        {2000},
 602    publisher =   {Springer-Verlag, LNCS 1976},
 603    note =        {\newline \url{http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/450148.html}},
 604 }
 605
 606 @InProceedings{hybrid-mix,
 607    author =      {M. Ohkubo and M. Abe},
 608    title =       {A {L}ength-{I}nvariant {H}ybrid {MIX}},
 609    booktitle =   {Advances in Cryptology - {ASIACRYPT} 2000},
 610    year =        {2000},
 611    publisher =   {Springer-Verlag, LNCS 1976},
 612 }
 613
 614 @InProceedings{PShuffle,
 615   author = {Jun Furukawa and Kazue Sako},
 616   title = {An Efficient Scheme for Proving a Shuffle},
 617   editor    = {Joe Kilian},
 618   booktitle = {CRYPTO 2001},
 619   year      = {2001},
 620   publisher = {Springer-Verlag, LNCS 2139},
 621 }
 622
 623
 624 @InProceedings{jakobsson-optimally,
 625   author = "Markus Jakobsson and Ari Juels",
 626   title = "An Optimally Robust Hybrid Mix Network (Extended Abstract)",
 627   booktitle =   {Principles of Distributed Computing - {PODC} '01},
 628   year = "2001",
 629   publisher =   {ACM Press},
 630   note = {\url{http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/492015.html}},
 631 }
 632
 633 @InProceedings{kesdogan,
 634    author =      {D. Kesdogan and M. Egner and T. B\"uschkes},
 635    title =       {Stop-and-Go {MIX}es Providing Probabilistic Anonymity in an Open
 636                   System},
 637    booktitle =   {Information Hiding (IH 1998)},
 638    year =        {1998},
 639    publisher =   {Springer-Verlag, LNCS 1525},
 640 }
 641    %note =        {\url{http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~fapp2/ihw98/ihw98-sgmix.pdf}},
 642
 643 @InProceedings{socks4,
 644   author =       {David Koblas and Michelle R. Koblas},
 645   title =        {{SOCKS}},
 646   booktitle =    {UNIX Security III Symposium (1992 USENIX Security
 647                   Symposium)},
 648   pages =        {77--83},
 649   year =         1992,
 650   publisher =    {USENIX},
 651 }
 652
 653 @InProceedings{flash-mix,
 654    author =      {Markus Jakobsson},
 655    title =       {Flash {M}ixing},
 656    booktitle =   {Principles of Distributed Computing - {PODC} '99},
 657    year =        {1999},
 658    publisher =   {ACM Press},
 659    note =        {\newline \url{http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/jakobsson99flash.html}},
 660 }
 661
 662 @InProceedings{SK,
 663    author =      {Joe Kilian and Kazue Sako},
 664    title =       {Receipt-Free {MIX}-Type Voting Scheme - A Practical Solution to
 665                   the Implementation of a Voting Booth},
 666    booktitle =   {EUROCRYPT '95},
 667    year =        {1995},
 668    publisher =   {Springer-Verlag},
 669 }
 670
 671 @InProceedings{OAEP,
 672    author =      {M. Bellare and P. Rogaway},
 673    year =        {1994},
 674    booktitle =   {EUROCRYPT '94},
 675    title =       {Optimal {A}symmetric {E}ncryption {P}adding : How To Encrypt With
 676                   {RSA}},
 677    publisher =   {Springer-Verlag},
 678    note =        {\newline \url{http://www-cse.ucsd.edu/users/mihir/papers/oaep.html}},
 679 }
 680 @inproceedings{babel,
 681   title = {Mixing {E}-mail With {B}abel},
 682   author = {Ceki G\"ulc\"u and Gene Tsudik},
 683   booktitle = {{Network and Distributed Security Symposium (NDSS 96)}},
 684   year = 1996,
 685   month = {February},
 686   pages = {2--16},
 687   publisher = {IEEE},
 688 }
 689   %note = {\url{http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/2254.html}},
 690
 691 @Misc{rprocess,
 692    author =      {RProcess},
 693    title =       {Selective Denial of Service Attacks},
 694    note =        {\newline \url{http://www.eff.org/pub/Privacy/Anonymity/1999\_09\_DoS\_remail\_vuln.html}},
 695 }
 696
 697 @Article{remailer-history,
 698   author = {Sameer Parekh},
 699   title = {Prospects for Remailers},
 700   journal = {First Monday},
 701   volume = {1},
 702   number = {2},
 703   month = {August},
 704   year = {1996},
 705   note = {\url{http://www.firstmonday.dk/issues/issue2/remailers/}},
 706 }
 707
 708 @Article{chaum-mix,
 709    author =      {David Chaum},
 710    title =       {Untraceable electronic mail, return addresses, and digital pseudo-nyms},
 711    journal =     {Communications of the ACM},
 712    year =        {1981},
 713    volume =      {4},
 714    number =      {2},
 715    month =       {February},
 716 }
 717    %note =        {\url{http://www.eskimo.com/~weidai/mix-net.txt}},
 718
 719 @InProceedings{nym-alias-net,
 720   author =       {David Mazi\`{e}res and M. Frans Kaashoek},
 721   title =        {{The Design, Implementation and Operation of an Email
 722                   Pseudonym Server}},
 723   booktitle =    {$5^{th}$ ACM Conference on Computer and
 724                   Communications Security (CCS'98)},
 725   year =         1998,
 726   publisher =    {ACM Press},
 727 }
 728   %note =        {\newline \url{http://www.scs.cs.nyu.edu/~dm/}},
 729
 730 @InProceedings{tangler,
 731   author =       {Marc Waldman and David Mazi\`{e}res},
 732   title =        {Tangler: A Censorship-Resistant Publishing System
 733                   Based on Document Entanglements},
 734   booktitle =    {$8^{th}$ ACM Conference on Computer and
 735                   Communications Security (CCS-8)},
 736   pages =        {86--135},
 737   year =         2001,
 738   publisher =    {ACM Press},
 739 }
 740   %note =         {\url{http://www.scs.cs.nyu.edu/~dm/}}
 741
 742 @misc{neochaum,
 743    author =      {Tim May},
 744    title =       {Payment mixes for anonymity},
 745    howpublished = {E-mail archived at
 746                   \url{http://\newline www.inet-one.com/cypherpunks/dir.2000.02.28-2000.03.05/msg00334.html}},
 747 }
 748
 749 @misc{helsingius,
 750    author =      {J. Helsingius},
 751    title =       {{\tt anon.penet.fi} press release},
 752    note =        {\newline \url{http://www.penet.fi/press-english.html}},
 753 }
 754
 755 @InProceedings{garay97secure,
 756    author =      {J. Garay and R. Gennaro and C. Jutla and T. Rabin},
 757    title =       {Secure distributed storage and retrieval},
 758    booktitle =   {11th International Workshop, WDAG '97},
 759    pages =       {275--289},
 760    year =        {1997},
 761    publisher =   {Springer-Verlag, LNCS 1320},
 762    note =        {\newline \url{http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/garay97secure.html}},
 763 }
 764
 765 @InProceedings{PIK,
 766    author =      {C. Park and K. Itoh and K. Kurosawa},
 767    title =       {Efficient anonymous channel and all/nothing election scheme},
 768    booktitle =   {Advances in Cryptology -- {EUROCRYPT} '93},
 769    pages =       {248--259},
 770    publisher =   {Springer-Verlag, LNCS 765},
 771 }
 772
 773 @Misc{pgpfaq,
 774    key =         {PGP},
 775    title =       {{PGP} {FAQ}},
 776    note =        {\newline \url{http://www.faqs.org/faqs/pgp-faq/}},
 777 }
 778
 779 @Article{riordan-schneier,
 780    author =      {James Riordan and Bruce Schneier},
 781    title =       {A Certified E-mail Protocol with No Trusted Third Party},
 782    journal =     {13th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference},
 783    month =       {December},
 784    year =        {1998},
 785    note =        {\newline \url{http://www.counterpane.com/certified-email.html}},
 786 }
 787
 788
 789 @Article{crowds-tissec,
 790   author =       {Michael K. Reiter and Aviel D. Rubin},
 791   title =        {Crowds: Anonymity for Web Transactions},
 792   journal =      {ACM TISSEC},
 793   year =         1998,
 794   volume =       1,
 795   number =       1,
 796   pages =        {66--92},
 797   month =        {November},
 798 }
 799   %note =         {\url{http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/284739.html}}
 800
 801 @Article{crowds-dimacs,
 802    author =      {Michael K. Reiter and Aviel D. Rubin},
 803    title =       {Crowds: Anonymity for Web Transactions},
 804    journal =     {{DIMACS} Technical Report (Revised)},
 805    volume =      {97},
 806    number =      {15},
 807    month =       {August},
 808    year =        {1997},
 809 }
 810
 811 @Misc{advogato,
 812    author =      {Raph Levien},
 813    title =       {Advogato's Trust Metric},
 814    note =        {\newline \url{http://www.advogato.org/trust-metric.html}},
 815 }
 816
 817 @InProceedings{publius,
 818    author =      {Marc Waldman and Aviel Rubin and Lorrie Cranor},
 819    title =       {Publius: {A} robust, tamper-evident, censorship-resistant and
 820                   source-anonymous web publishing system},
 821    booktitle =   {Proc. 9th USENIX Security Symposium},
 822    pages =       {59--72},
 823    year =        {2000},
 824    month =       {August},
 825 }
 826    %note =        {\newline \url{http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/waldman00publius.html}},
 827
 828 @Misc{freedom-nyms,
 829    author =      {Russell Samuels},
 830    title =       {Untraceable Nym Creation on the {F}reedom {N}etwork},
 831    year =        {1999},
 832    month =       {November},
 833    day =         {21},
 834    note =        {\newline \url{http://www.freedom.net/products/whitepapers/white11.html}},
 835 }
 836
 837 @techreport{freedom2-arch,
 838   title = {Freedom Systems 2.0 Architecture},
 839   author = {Philippe Boucher and Adam Shostack and Ian Goldberg},
 840   institution = {Zero Knowledge Systems, {Inc.}},
 841   year = {2000},
 842   month = {December},
 843   type = {White Paper},
 844   day = {18},
 845 }
 846
 847 @techreport{freedom21-security,
 848   title = {Freedom Systems 2.1 Security Issues and Analysis},
 849   author = {Adam Back and Ian Goldberg and Adam Shostack},
 850   institution = {Zero Knowledge Systems, {Inc.}},
 851   year = {2001},
 852   month = {May},
 853   type = {White Paper},
 854 }
 855
 856 @inproceedings{cfs:sosp01,
 857   title = {Wide-area cooperative storage with {CFS}},
 858   author = {Frank Dabek and M. Frans Kaashoek and David Karger and Robert Morris and Ion Stoica},
 859   booktitle = {18th {ACM} {S}ymposium on {O}perating {S}ystems {P}rinciples ({SOSP} '01)},
 860   year = {2001},
 861   month = {October},
 862   address = {Chateau Lake Louise, Banff, Canada},
 863 }
 864
 865 @inproceedings{SS03,
 866   title = {Passive Attack Analysis for Connection-Based Anonymity Systems},
 867   author = {Andrei Serjantov and Peter Sewell},
 868   booktitle = {Computer Security -- ESORICS 2003},
 869   publisher =   {Springer-Verlag, LNCS (forthcoming)},
 870   year = {2003},
 871   month = {October},
 872 }
 873   %note = {\url{http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/users/aas23/papers_aas/conn_sys.ps}},
 874
 875 @Misc{pk-relations,
 876    author =      {M. Bellare and A. Desai and D. Pointcheval and P. Rogaway},
 877    title =       {Relations Among Notions of Security for Public-Key Encryption
 878                   Schemes},
 879    howpublished = {
 880                   Extended abstract in {\em Advances in Cryptology - CRYPTO '98}, LNCS Vol. 1462.
 881                   Springer-Verlag, 1998.
 882                   Full version available from \newline \url{http://www-cse.ucsd.edu/users/mihir/}},
 883 }
 884
 885
 886 @InProceedings{mix-acc,
 887   author =      {Roger Dingledine and Michael J. Freedman and David
 888                   Hopwood and David Molnar},
 889   title =       {{A Reputation System to Increase MIX-net
 890                   Reliability}},
 891   booktitle =   {Information Hiding (IH 2001)},
 892   pages =       {126--141},
 893   year =        2001,
 894   editor =      {Ira S. Moskowitz},
 895   publisher =   {Springer-Verlag, LNCS 2137},
 896 }
 897   %note =        {\url{http://www.freehaven.net/papers.html}},
 898
 899 @InProceedings{casc-rep,
 900    author =      {Roger Dingledine and Paul Syverson},
 901    title =       {{Reliable MIX Cascade Networks through Reputation}},
 902   booktitle =    {Financial Cryptography},
 903   year =         2002,
 904   editor =       {Matt Blaze},
 905   publisher =    {Springer-Verlag, LNCS 2357},
 906 }
 907   %note =        {\newline \url{http://www.freehaven.net/papers.html}},
 908
 909 @InProceedings{zhou96certified,
 910    author =      {Zhou and Gollmann},
 911    title =       {Certified Electronic Mail},
 912    booktitle =   {{ESORICS: European Symposium on Research in Computer
 913                   Security}},
 914    publisher =   {Springer-Verlag, LNCS 1146},
 915    year =        {1996},
 916    note =        {\newline \url{http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/zhou96certified.html}},
 917 }
 918
 919 @Misc{realtime-mix,
 920    author =      {Anja Jerichow and Jan M\"uller and Andreas Pfitzmann and
 921                   Birgit Pfitzmann and Michael Waidner},
 922    title =       {{Real-Time MIXes: A Bandwidth-Efficient Anonymity Protocol}},
 923    howpublished = {IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 1998.},
 924    note =        {\url{http://www.zurich.ibm.com/security/publications/1998.html}},
 925 }
 926
 927 @InProceedings{danezis-pets03,
 928   author =       {George Danezis},
 929   title =        {Mix-networks with Restricted Routes},
 930   booktitle =    {Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PET 2003)},
 931   year =         2003,
 932   editor =       {Roger Dingledine},
 933   publisher =    {Springer-Verlag LNCS 2760}
 934 }
 935
 936 @InProceedings{gap-pets03,
 937   author =       {Krista Bennett and Christian Grothoff},
 938   title =        {{GAP} -- practical anonymous networking},
 939   booktitle =    {Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PET 2003)},
 940   year =         2003,
 941   editor =       {Roger Dingledine},
 942   publisher =    {Springer-Verlag LNCS 2760}
 943 }
 944
 945 @Article{hordes-jcs,
 946   author =       {Brian Neal Levine and Clay Shields},
 947   title =        {Hordes: A Multicast-Based Protocol for Anonymity},
 948   journal =      {Journal of Computer Security},
 949   year =         2002,
 950   volume =       10,
 951   number =       3,
 952   pages =        {213--240}
 953 }
 954
 955 @TechReport{herbivore,
 956   author =       {Sharad Goel and Mark Robson and Milo Polte and Emin G\"{u}n Sirer},
 957   title =        {Herbivore: A Scalable and Efficient Protocol for Anonymous Communication},
 958   institution =  {Cornell University Computing and Information Science},
 959   year =         2003,
 960   type =         {Technical Report},
 961   number =       {TR2003-1890},
 962   month =        {February}
 963 }
 964
 965 @InProceedings{p5,
 966   author =       {Rob Sherwood and Bobby Bhattacharjee and Aravind Srinivasan},
 967   title =        {$P^5$: A Protocol for Scalable Anonymous Communication},
 968   booktitle =    {2002 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy},
 969   pages =        {58--70},
 970   year =         2002,
 971   publisher =    {IEEE CS}
 972 }
 973
 974 @phdthesis{ian-thesis,
 975   title = {A Pseudonymous Communications Infrastructure for the Internet},
 976   author = {Ian Goldberg},
 977   school = {UC Berkeley},
 978   year = {2000},
 979   month = {December},
 980 }
 981
 982 @Article{taz,
 983   author =       {Ian Goldberg and David Wagner},
 984   title =        {TAZ Servers and the Rewebber Network: Enabling
 985                   Anonymous Publishing on the World Wide Web},
 986   journal =      {First Monday},
 987   year =         1998,
 988   volume =       3,
 989   number =       4,
 990   month =        {August},
 991   note =         {\url{http://www.firstmonday.dk/issues/issue3_4/goldberg/}}
 992 }
 993
 994 @Misc{tcp-over-tcp-is-bad,
 995   key =          {tcp-over-tcp-is-bad},
 996   title =        {Why TCP Over TCP Is A Bad Idea},
 997   author =       {Olaf Titz},
 998   note =         {\url{http://sites.inka.de/sites/bigred/devel/tcp-tcp.html}}
 999 }
1000
1001 @inproceedings{wright02,
1002   title = {An Analysis of the Degradation of Anonymous Protocols},
1003   author = {Matthew Wright and Micah Adler and Brian Neil Levine and Clay Shields},
1004   booktitle = {{Network and Distributed Security Symposium (NDSS 02)}},
1005   year = {2002},
1006   month = {February},
1007   publisher = {IEEE},
1008 }
1009
1010 @inproceedings{wright03,
1011   title = {Defending Anonymous Communication Against Passive Logging Attacks},
1012   author = {Matthew Wright and Micah Adler and Brian Neil Levine and Clay Shields},
1013   booktitle = {IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy},
1014   pages= {28--41},
1015   year = {2003},
1016   month = {May},
1017   publisher = {IEEE CS},
1018 }
1019
1020 @Misc{jap-backdoor,
1021   author={The AN.ON Project},
1022   howpublished={Press release},
1023   year={2003},
1024   month={September},
1025   day={2},
1026   title={German Police proceeds against anonymity service},
1027   note={\url{http://www.datenschutzzentrum.de/material/themen/presse/anon-bka_e.htm}}
1028 }
1029
1030
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