doc/tor-design.bib

   1
   2 % fix me
   3 @misc{tannenbaum96,
   4   author = "Andrew Tannenbaum",
   5   title = "Computer Networks",
   6   year = "1996",
   7   publisher = "Prentice Hall, 3rd edition",
   8 }
   9
  10 @article{ meadows96,
  11     author = "Catherine Meadows",
  12     title = "The {NRL} Protocol Analyzer: An Overview",
  13     journal = "Journal of Logic Programming",
  14     volume = "26",
  15     number = "2",
  16     pages = "113--131",
  17     year = "1996",
  18 }
  19 @inproceedings{kesdogan:pet2002,
  20   title = {Unobservable Surfing on the World Wide Web: Is Private Information Retrieval an
  21         alternative to the MIX based Approach?},
  22   author = {Dogan Kesdogan and Mark Borning and Michael Schmeink},
  23   booktitle = {Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PET 2002)},
  24   year = {2002},
  25   month = {April},
  26   editor = {Roger Dingledine and Paul Syverson},
  27   publisher = {Springer-Verlag, LNCS 2482},
  28 }
  29
  30 @inproceedings{statistical-disclosure,
  31   title = {Statistical Disclosure Attacks},
  32   author = {George Danezis},
  33   booktitle = {Security and Privacy in the Age of Uncertainty ({SEC2003})},
  34   organization = {{IFIP TC11}},
  35   year = {2003},
  36   month = {May},
  37   address = {Athens},
  38   pages = {421--426},
  39   publisher = {Kluwer},
  40 }
  41
  42 @inproceedings{limits-open,
  43   title = {Limits of Anonymity in Open Environments},
  44   author = {Dogan Kesdogan and Dakshi Agrawal and Stefan Penz},
  45   booktitle = {Information Hiding Workshop (IH 2002)},
  46   year = {2002},
  47   month = {October},
  48   editor = {Fabien Petitcolas},
  49   publisher = {Springer-Verlag, LNCS 2578},
  50 }
  51
  52 @inproceedings{isdn-mixes,
  53   title = {{ISDN-mixes: Untraceable communication with very small bandwidth overhead}},
  54   author = {Andreas Pfitzmann and Birgit Pfitzmann and Michael Waidner},
  55   booktitle = {GI/ITG Conference on Communication in Distributed Systems},
  56   year = {1991},
  57   month = {February},
  58   pages = {451-463},
  59 }
  60
  61
  62 @Article{jerichow-jsac98,
  63   author =       {Anja Jerichow and Jan M\"{u}ller and Andreas
  64                   Pfitzmann and Birgit Pfitzmann and Michael Waidner},
  65   title =        {Real-Time Mixes: A Bandwidth-Efficient Anonymity Protocol},
  66   journal =      {IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications},
  67   year =         1998,
  68   volume =       16,
  69   number =       4,
  70   pages =        {495--509},
  71   month =        {May}
  72 }
  73
  74 @inproceedings{tarzan:ccs02,
  75   title = {Tarzan: A Peer-to-Peer Anonymizing Network Layer},
  76   author = {Michael J. Freedman and Robert Morris},
  77   booktitle = {9th {ACM} {C}onference on {C}omputer and {C}ommunications
  78         {S}ecurity ({CCS 2002})},
  79   year = {2002},
  80   month = {November},
  81   address = {Washington, DC},
  82 }
  83
  84 @inproceedings{cebolla,
  85   title = {{Cebolla: Pragmatic IP Anonymity}},
  86   author = {Zach Brown},
  87   booktitle = {Ottawa Linux Symposium},
  88   year = {2002},
  89   month = {June},
  90 }
  91
  92 @misc{eax,
  93   author = "M. Bellare and P. Rogaway and D. Wagner",
  94   title = "A conventional authenticated-encryption mode",
  95   howpublished = {Manuscript},
  96   month = {April},
  97   year = {2003},
  98 }
  99
 100 @misc{darkside,
 101   title = {{The Dark Side of the Web: An Open Proxy's View}},
 102   author = {Vivek S. Pai and Limin Wang and KyoungSoo Park and Ruoming Pang and Larry Peterson},
 103   note = {Submitted to HotNets-II. \url{http://codeen.cs.princeton.edu/}},
 104 }
 105
 106 @Misc{anonymizer,
 107   key =          {anonymizer},
 108   title =        {The {Anonymizer}},
 109   note =         {\url{http://anonymizer.com/}}
 110 }
 111
 112 @Misc{privoxy,
 113   key =          {privoxy},
 114   title =        {{Privoxy}},
 115   note =         {\url{http://www.privoxy.org/}}
 116 }
 117
 118 @inproceedings{anonnet,
 119   title = {{Analysis of an Anonymity Network for Web Browsing}},
 120   author = {Marc Rennhard and Sandro Rafaeli and Laurent Mathy and Bernhard Plattner and
 121         David Hutchison},
 122   booktitle = {{IEEE 7th Intl. Workshop on Enterprise Security (WET ICE
 123         2002)}},
 124   year = {2002},
 125   month = {June},
 126   address = {Pittsburgh, USA},
 127   pages = {49--54},
 128 }
 129
 130 @inproceedings{econymics,
 131   title = {On the Economics of Anonymity},
 132   author = {Alessandro Acquisti and Roger Dingledine and Paul Syverson},
 133   booktitle = {Financial Cryptography},
 134   year = {2003},
 135   editor = {Rebecca N. Wright},
 136   publisher = {Springer-Verlag, LNCS 2742},
 137 }
 138
 139 @inproceedings{defensive-dropping,
 140   title = {Stopping Timing Attacks in Low-Latency Mix-Based Systems},
 141   author = {Matthew Wright and Brian N. Levine and Michael K. Reiter and Chenxi Wang},
 142   booktitle = {Financial Cryptography},
 143   year = {2004},
 144   editor = {Ari Juels},
 145   publisher = {Springer-Verlag, LNCS (forthcoming)},
 146 }
 147
 148 @inproceedings{morphmix:fc04,
 149   title = {Practical Anonymity for the Masses with MorphMix},
 150   author = {Marc Rennhard and Bernhard Plattner},
 151   booktitle = {Financial Cryptography},
 152   year = {2004},
 153   editor = {Ari Juels},
 154   publisher = {Springer-Verlag, LNCS (forthcoming)},
 155 }
 156
 157 @inproceedings{eternity,
 158   title = {The Eternity Service},
 159   author = {Ross Anderson},
 160   booktitle = {Pragocrypt '96},
 161   year = {1996},
 162 }
 163   %note =  {\url{http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/users/rja14/eternity/eternity.html}},
 164
 165
 166 @inproceedings{minion-design,
 167   title = {Mixminion: Design of a Type {III} Anonymous Remailer Protocol},
 168   author = {George Danezis and Roger Dingledine and Nick Mathewson},
 169   booktitle = {2003 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy},
 170   year = {2003},
 171   month = {May},
 172   publisher = {IEEE CS},
 173   pages = {2--15},
 174 }
 175   %note = {\url{http://mixminion.net/minion-design.pdf}},
 176
 177 @inproceedings{ rao-pseudonymity,
 178     author = "Josyula R. Rao and Pankaj Rohatgi",
 179     title = "Can Pseudonymity Really Guarantee Privacy?",
 180     booktitle = "Proceedings of the Ninth USENIX Security Symposium",
 181     year = {2000},
 182     month = Aug,
 183     publisher = {USENIX},
 184     pages = "85--96",
 185 }
 186     %note = {\url{http://www.usenix.org/publications/library/proceedings/sec2000/
 187 %full_papers/rao/rao.pdf}},
 188
 189 @InProceedings{pfitzmann90how,
 190     author = "Birgit Pfitzmann and Andreas Pfitzmann",
 191     title = "How to Break the Direct {RSA}-Implementation of {MIXes}",
 192     booktitle = {Eurocrypt 89},
 193     publisher = {Springer-Verlag, LNCS 434},
 194     year = {1990},
 195     note = {\url{http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/pfitzmann90how.html}},
 196 }
 197
 198 %   author =      {Roger Dingledine and Nick Mathewson},
 199 @Misc{tor-spec,
 200    author =      {Anonymized},
 201    title =       {Tor Protocol Specifications},
 202    note =        {\url{http://freehaven.net/tor/tor-spec.txt}},
 203 }
 204
 205 @InProceedings{BM:mixencrypt,
 206   author =       {M{\"o}ller, Bodo},
 207   title =        {Provably Secure Public-Key Encryption for Length-Preserving Chaumian Mixes},
 208   booktitle =    {{CT-RSA} 2003},
 209   publisher =    {Springer-Verlag, LNCS 2612},
 210   year =         2003,
 211 }
 212
 213 @InProceedings{back01,
 214   author =       {Adam Back and Ulf M\"oller and Anton Stiglic},
 215   title =        {Traffic Analysis Attacks and Trade-Offs in Anonymity Providing Systems},
 216   booktitle =    {Information Hiding (IH 2001)},
 217   pages =        {245--257},
 218   year =         2001,
 219   editor =       {Ira S. Moskowitz},
 220   publisher =    {Springer-Verlag, LNCS 2137},
 221 }
 222   %note =         {\newline \url{http://www.cypherspace.org/adam/pubs/traffic.pdf}},
 223
 224 @InProceedings{rackoff93cryptographic,
 225    author =      {Charles Rackoff and Daniel R. Simon},
 226    title =       {Cryptographic Defense Against Traffic Analysis},
 227    booktitle =   {{ACM} Symposium on Theory of Computing},
 228    pages =       {672--681},
 229    year =        {1993},
 230 }
 231    %note =        {\url{http://research.microsoft.com/crypto/dansimon/me.htm}},
 232
 233 @InProceedings{freehaven-berk,
 234    author =      {Roger Dingledine and Michael J. Freedman and David Molnar},
 235    title =       {The Free Haven Project: Distributed Anonymous Storage Service},
 236    booktitle =   {Designing Privacy Enhancing Technologies: Workshop
 237                   on Design Issue in Anonymity and Unobservability},
 238    year =        {2000},
 239    month =       {July},
 240    editor =      {H. Federrath},
 241    publisher =   {Springer-Verlag, LNCS 2009},
 242 }
 243    %note =        {\url{http://freehaven.net/papers.html}},
 244
 245 @InProceedings{raymond00,
 246   author =       {J. F. Raymond},
 247   title =        {{Traffic Analysis: Protocols, Attacks, Design Issues,
 248                   and Open Problems}},
 249   booktitle =    {Designing Privacy Enhancing Technologies: Workshop
 250                   on Design Issue in Anonymity and Unobservability},
 251   year =         2000,
 252   month =        {July},
 253   pages =        {10-29},
 254   editor =       {H. Federrath},
 255   publisher =    {Springer-Verlag, LNCS 2009},
 256 }
 257
 258 @InProceedings{sybil,
 259   author = "John Douceur",
 260   title = {{The Sybil Attack}},
 261   booktitle = "Proceedings of the 1st International Peer To Peer Systems Workshop (IPTPS 2002)",
 262   month = Mar,
 263   year = 2002,
 264 }
 265
 266 @InProceedings{trickle02,
 267   author =       {Andrei Serjantov and Roger Dingledine and Paul Syverson},
 268   title =        {From a Trickle to a Flood: Active Attacks on Several
 269                   Mix Types},
 270   booktitle =    {Information Hiding (IH 2002)},
 271   year =         {2002},
 272   editor =       {Fabien Petitcolas},
 273   publisher =    {Springer-Verlag, LNCS 2578},
 274 }
 275
 276 @InProceedings{langos02,
 277   author =      {Oliver Berthold and Heinrich Langos},
 278   title =       {Dummy Traffic Against Long Term Intersection Attacks},
 279   booktitle =    {Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PET 2002)},
 280   year =         {2002},
 281   editor =       {Roger Dingledine and Paul Syverson},
 282   publisher =    {Springer-Verlag, LNCS 2482}
 283 }
 284
 285
 286 @InProceedings{hintz-pet02,
 287   author =       {Andrew Hintz},
 288   title =        {Fingerprinting Websites Using Traffic Analysis},
 289   booktitle =    {Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PET 2002)},
 290   pages =        {171--178},
 291   year =         2002,
 292   editor =       {Roger Dingledine and Paul Syverson},
 293   publisher =    {Springer-Verlag, LNCS 2482}
 294 }
 295
 296 @InProceedings{or-discex00,
 297    author =      {Paul Syverson and Michael Reed and David Goldschlag},
 298    title =       {{O}nion {R}outing Access Configurations},
 299    booktitle =   {DARPA Information Survivability Conference and
 300                   Exposition (DISCEX 2000)},
 301    year =        {2000},
 302    publisher =   {IEEE CS Press},
 303    pages =       {34--40},
 304    volume =      {1},
 305 }
 306    %note =        {\newline \url{http://www.onion-router.net/Publications.html}},
 307
 308 @Inproceedings{or-pet00,
 309   title =        {{Towards an Analysis of Onion Routing Security}},
 310   author =       {Paul Syverson and Gene Tsudik and Michael Reed and
 311                   Carl Landwehr},
 312   booktitle =    {Designing Privacy Enhancing Technologies: Workshop
 313                   on Design Issue in Anonymity and Unobservability},
 314   year =         2000,
 315   month =        {July},
 316   pages =        {96--114},
 317   editor =       {H. Federrath},
 318   publisher =    {Springer-Verlag, LNCS 2009},
 319 }
 320   %note =         {\url{http://www.onion-router.net/Publications/WDIAU-2000.ps.gz}},
 321
 322 @Inproceedings{freenet-pets00,
 323   title =        {Freenet: A Distributed Anonymous Information Storage
 324     and Retrieval System},
 325   author =       {Ian Clarke and Oskar Sandberg and Brandon Wiley and
 326     Theodore W. Hong},
 327   booktitle =    {Designing Privacy Enhancing Technologies: Workshop
 328                   on Design Issue in Anonymity and Unobservability},
 329   year =         2000,
 330   month =        {July},
 331   pages =        {46--66},
 332   editor =       {H. Federrath},
 333   publisher =    {Springer-Verlag, LNCS 2009},
 334 }
 335   %note =         {\url{http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/clarke00freenet.html}},
 336
 337 @InProceedings{or-ih96,
 338   author =       {David M. Goldschlag and Michael G. Reed and Paul
 339                   F. Syverson},
 340   title =        {Hiding Routing Information},
 341   booktitle =    {Information Hiding, First International Workshop},
 342   pages =        {137--150},
 343   year =         1996,
 344   editor =       {R. Anderson},
 345   month =        {May},
 346   publisher =    {Springer-Verlag, LNCS 1174},
 347 }
 348
 349 @InProceedings{federrath-ih96,
 350   author =       {Hannes Federrath and Anja Jerichow and Andreas Pfitzmann},
 351   title =        {{MIXes} in Mobile Communication Systems: Location
 352                   Management with Privacy},
 353   booktitle =    {Information Hiding, First International Workshop},
 354   pages =        {121--135},
 355   year =         1996,
 356   editor =       {R. Anderson},
 357   month =        {May},
 358   publisher =    {Springer-Verlag, LNCS 1174},
 359 }
 360
 361
 362 @InProceedings{reed-protocols97,
 363   author =       {Michael G. Reed and Paul F. Syverson and David
 364                   M. Goldschlag},
 365   title =        {Protocols Using Anonymous Connections: Mobile Applications},
 366   booktitle =    {Security Protocols: 5th International Workshop},
 367   pages =        {13--23},
 368   year =         1997,
 369   editor =       {Bruce Christianson and Bruno Crispo and Mark Lomas
 370                   and Michael Roe},
 371   month =        {April},
 372   publisher =    {Springer-Verlag, LNCS 1361}
 373 }
 374
 375
 376
 377 @Article{or-jsac98,
 378   author =       {Michael G. Reed and Paul F. Syverson and David
 379                   M. Goldschlag},
 380   title =        {Anonymous Connections and Onion Routing},
 381   journal =      {IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications},
 382   year =         1998,
 383   volume =       16,
 384   number =       4,
 385   pages =        {482--494},
 386   month =        {May},
 387 }
 388   %note =         {\url{http://www.onion-router.net/Publications/JSAC-1998.ps.gz}}
 389
 390 @Misc{TLS,
 391    author =      {T. Dierks and C. Allen},
 392    title =       {The {TLS} {P}rotocol --- {V}ersion 1.0},
 393    howpublished = {IETF RFC 2246},
 394    month =       {January},
 395    year =        {1999},
 396    note =        {\url{http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2246.txt}},
 397 }
 398
 399 @Misc{SMTP,
 400    author =      {J. Postel},
 401    title =       {Simple {M}ail {T}ransfer {P}rotocol},
 402    howpublished = {IETF RFC 2821 (also STD0010)},
 403    month =       {April},
 404    year =        {2001},
 405    note =        {\url{http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2821.txt}},
 406 }
 407
 408 @Misc{IMAP,
 409    author =      {M. Crispin},
 410    title =       {Internet {M}essage {A}ccess {P}rotocol --- {V}ersion 4rev1},
 411    howpublished = {IETF RFC 2060},
 412    month =       {December},
 413    year =        {1996},
 414    note =        {\url{http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2060.txt}},
 415 }
 416
 417 @misc{pipenet,
 418   title = {PipeNet 1.1},
 419   author = {Wei Dai},
 420   year = 1996,
 421   month = {August},
 422   howpublished = {Usenet post},
 423   note = {\url{http://www.eskimo.com/~weidai/pipenet.txt} First mentioned
 424       in a post to the cypherpunks list, Feb.\ 1995.},
 425 }
 426
 427
 428 @Misc{POP3,
 429    author =      {J. Myers and M. Rose},
 430    title =       {Post {O}ffice {P}rotocol --- {V}ersion 3},
 431    howpublished = {IETF RFC 1939 (also STD0053)},
 432    month =       {May},
 433    year =        {1996},
 434    note =        {\url{http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc1939.txt}},
 435 }
 436
 437
 438 @InProceedings{shuffle,
 439    author =      {C. Andrew Neff},
 440    title =       {A Verifiable Secret Shuffle and its Application to E-Voting},
 441    booktitle =    {8th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications
 442                   Security (CCS-8)},
 443    pages =       {116--125},
 444    year =        2001,
 445    editor =      {P. Samarati},
 446    month =       {November},
 447    publisher =   {ACM Press},
 448 }
 449    %note =        {\url{http://www.votehere.net/ada_compliant/ourtechnology/
 450    %                    technicaldocs/shuffle.pdf}},
 451
 452 @InProceedings{dolev91,
 453    author =      {Danny Dolev and Cynthia Dwork and Moni Naor},
 454    title =       {Non-Malleable Cryptography},
 455    booktitle =   {23rd ACM Symposium on the Theory of Computing (STOC)},
 456    pages =       {542--552},
 457    year =        1991,
 458    note =        {Updated version at
 459                   \url{http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/dolev00nonmalleable.html}},
 460 }
 461
 462 @TechReport{rsw96,
 463    author =      {Ronald L. Rivest and Adi Shamir and David A. Wagner},
 464    title =       {Time-lock puzzles and timed-release Crypto},
 465    year =        1996,
 466    type =        {MIT LCS technical memo},
 467    number =      {MIT/LCS/TR-684},
 468    month =       {February},
 469    note =        {\newline \url{http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/rivest96timelock.html}},
 470 }
 471
 472 @InProceedings{web-mix,
 473    author =      {Oliver Berthold and Hannes Federrath and Stefan K\"opsell},
 474    title =       {Web {MIX}es: A system for anonymous and unobservable
 475                   {I}nternet access},
 476   booktitle =    {Designing Privacy Enhancing Technologies: Workshop
 477                   on Design Issue in Anonymity and Unobservability},
 478    editor =       {H. Federrath},
 479    publisher =    {Springer-Verlag, LNCS 2009},
 480    pages =       {115--129},
 481    year =        {2000},
 482 }
 483
 484 @InProceedings{disad-free-routes,
 485    author =      {Oliver Berthold and Andreas Pfitzmann and Ronny Standtke},
 486    title =       {The disadvantages of free {MIX} routes and how to overcome
 487                   them},
 488    booktitle =   {Designing Privacy Enhancing Technologies: Workshop
 489                   on Design Issue in Anonymity and Unobservability},
 490    pages =       {30--45},
 491    year =        2000,
 492    editor =       {H. Federrath},
 493    publisher =    {Springer-Verlag, LNCS 2009},
 494 }
 495    %note =        {\url{http://www.tik.ee.ethz.ch/~weiler/lehre/netsec/Unterlagen/anon/
 496    %                    disadvantages_berthold.pdf}},
 497
 498 @InProceedings{boneh00,
 499    author =      {Dan Boneh and Moni Naor},
 500    title =       {Timed Commitments},
 501    booktitle =   {Advances in Cryptology -- {CRYPTO} 2000},
 502    pages =       {236--254},
 503    year =        2000,
 504    publisher =   {Springer-Verlag, LNCS 1880},
 505    note =        {\newline \url{http://crypto.stanford.edu/~dabo/abstracts/timedcommit.html}},
 506 }
 507
 508 @InProceedings{goldschlag98,
 509    author =      {David M. Goldschlag and Stuart G. Stubblebine},
 510    title =       {Publicly Verifiable Lotteries: Applications of
 511                   Delaying Functions},
 512    booktitle =   {Financial Cryptography},
 513    pages =       {214--226},
 514    year =        1998,
 515    publisher =   {Springer-Verlag, LNCS 1465},
 516    note =        {\newline \url{http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/goldschlag98publicly.html}},
 517 }
 518
 519 @InProceedings{syverson98,
 520    author =      {Paul Syverson},
 521    title =       {Weakly Secret Bit Commitment: Applications to
 522                   Lotteries and Fair Exchange},
 523    booktitle =   {Computer Security Foundations Workshop (CSFW11)},
 524    pages =       {2--13},
 525    year =        1998,
 526    address =     {Rockport Massachusetts},
 527    month =       {June},
 528    publisher =   {IEEE CS Press},
 529    note =        {\newline \url{http://chacs.nrl.navy.mil/publications/CHACS/1998/}},
 530 }
 531
 532 @Misc{shoup-iso,
 533    author =      {Victor Shoup},
 534    title =       {A Proposal for an {ISO} {S}tandard for Public Key Encryption (version 2.1)},
 535    note =        {Revised December 20, 2001. \url{http://www.shoup.net/papers/}},
 536 }
 537
 538 @Misc{shoup-oaep,
 539    author =      {Victor Shoup},
 540    title =       {{OAEP} Reconsidered},
 541    howpublished = {{IACR} e-print 2000/060},
 542    note =        {\newline \url{http://eprint.iacr.org/2000/060/}},
 543 }
 544
 545 @Misc{oaep-still-alive,
 546    author =      {E. Fujisaki and D. Pointcheval and T. Okamoto and J. Stern},
 547    title =       {{RSA}-{OAEP} is Still Alive!},
 548    howpublished = {{IACR} e-print 2000/061},
 549    note =        {\newline \url{http://eprint.iacr.org/2000/061/}},
 550 }
 551
 552 @misc{echolot,
 553   author = {Peter Palfrader},
 554   title = {Echolot: a pinger for anonymous remailers},
 555   note = {\url{http://www.palfrader.org/echolot/}},
 556 }
 557
 558 @Misc{mixmaster-attacks,
 559    author =      {Lance Cottrell},
 560    title =       {Mixmaster and Remailer Attacks},
 561    note =        {\url{http://www.obscura.com/~loki/remailer/remailer-essay.html}},
 562 }
 563
 564 @Misc{mixmaster-spec,
 565    author =      {Ulf M{\"o}ller and Lance Cottrell and Peter
 566                   Palfrader and Len Sassaman},
 567    title =       {Mixmaster {P}rotocol --- {V}ersion 2},
 568    year =        {2003},
 569    month =       {July},
 570    howpublished = {Draft},
 571    note =        {\url{http://www.abditum.com/mixmaster-spec.txt}},
 572 }
 573
 574 @InProceedings{puzzles-tls,
 575     author = "Drew Dean and Adam Stubblefield",
 576     title = {{Using Client Puzzles to Protect TLS}},
 577     booktitle = "Proceedings of the 10th USENIX Security Symposium",
 578     year = {2001},
 579     month = Aug,
 580     publisher = {USENIX},
 581 }
 582
 583 @InProceedings{breadpudding,
 584   author =       {Markus Jakobsson and Ari Juels},
 585   title =        {Proofs of Work and Bread Pudding Protocols},
 586   booktitle =    {Proceedings of the IFIP TC6 and TC11 Joint Working
 587                   Conference on Communications and Multimedia Security
 588                   (CMS '99)},
 589   year =         1999,
 590   month =        {September},
 591   publisher =    {Kluwer}
 592 }
 593
 594 @Misc{hashcash,
 595    author =      {Adam Back},
 596    title =       {Hash cash},
 597    note =        {\newline \url{http://www.cypherspace.org/~adam/hashcash/}},
 598 }
 599
 600 @InProceedings{oreilly-acc,
 601    author =      {Roger Dingledine and Michael J. Freedman and David Molnar},
 602    title =       {Accountability},
 603    booktitle =   {Peer-to-peer: Harnessing the Benefits of a Disruptive
 604                   Technology},
 605    year =        {2001},
 606    publisher =   {O'Reilly and Associates},
 607 }
 608
 609
 610 @InProceedings{han,
 611    author =      {Yongfei Han},
 612    title =       {Investigation of non-repudiation protocols},
 613    booktitle =   {ACISP '96},
 614    year =        1996,
 615    publisher =   {Springer-Verlag},
 616 }
 617
 618
 619 @Misc{socks5,
 620   key =          {socks5},
 621   title =        {{SOCKS} {P}rotocol {V}ersion 5},
 622   howpublished=  {IETF RFC 1928},
 623   month =        {March},
 624   year =         1996,
 625   note =         {\url{http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1928.txt}}
 626 }
 627
 628 @InProceedings{abe,
 629    author =      {Masayuki Abe},
 630    title =       {Universally Verifiable {MIX} With Verification Work Independent of
 631                   The Number of {MIX} Servers},
 632    booktitle =   {{EUROCRYPT} 1998},
 633    year =        {1998},
 634    publisher =   {Springer-Verlag, LNCS 1403},
 635 }
 636
 637 @InProceedings{desmedt,
 638    author =      {Yvo Desmedt and Kaoru Kurosawa},
 639    title =       {How To Break a Practical {MIX} and Design a New One},
 640    booktitle =   {{EUROCRYPT} 2000},
 641    year =        {2000},
 642    publisher =   {Springer-Verlag, LNCS 1803},
 643    note =        {\url{http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/447709.html}},
 644 }
 645
 646 @InProceedings{mitkuro,
 647    author =      {M. Mitomo and K. Kurosawa},
 648    title =       {{Attack for Flash MIX}},
 649    booktitle =   {{ASIACRYPT} 2000},
 650    year =        {2000},
 651    publisher =   {Springer-Verlag, LNCS 1976},
 652    note =        {\newline \url{http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/450148.html}},
 653 }
 654
 655 @InProceedings{hybrid-mix,
 656    author =      {M. Ohkubo and M. Abe},
 657    title =       {A {L}ength-{I}nvariant {H}ybrid {MIX}},
 658    booktitle =   {Advances in Cryptology - {ASIACRYPT} 2000},
 659    year =        {2000},
 660    publisher =   {Springer-Verlag, LNCS 1976},
 661 }
 662
 663 @InProceedings{PShuffle,
 664   author = {Jun Furukawa and Kazue Sako},
 665   title = {An Efficient Scheme for Proving a Shuffle},
 666   editor    = {Joe Kilian},
 667   booktitle = {CRYPTO 2001},
 668   year      = {2001},
 669   publisher = {Springer-Verlag, LNCS 2139},
 670 }
 671
 672
 673 @InProceedings{jakobsson-optimally,
 674   author = "Markus Jakobsson and Ari Juels",
 675   title = "An Optimally Robust Hybrid Mix Network (Extended Abstract)",
 676   booktitle =   {Principles of Distributed Computing - {PODC} '01},
 677   year = "2001",
 678   publisher =   {ACM Press},
 679   note = {\url{http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/492015.html}},
 680 }
 681
 682 @InProceedings{kesdogan,
 683    author =      {D. Kesdogan and M. Egner and T. B\"uschkes},
 684    title =       {Stop-and-Go {MIX}es Providing Probabilistic Anonymity in an Open
 685                   System},
 686    booktitle =   {Information Hiding (IH 1998)},
 687    year =        {1998},
 688    publisher =   {Springer-Verlag, LNCS 1525},
 689 }
 690    %note =        {\url{http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~fapp2/ihw98/ihw98-sgmix.pdf}},
 691
 692 @InProceedings{socks4,
 693   author =       {David Koblas and Michelle R. Koblas},
 694   title =        {{SOCKS}},
 695   booktitle =    {UNIX Security III Symposium (1992 USENIX Security
 696                   Symposium)},
 697   pages =        {77--83},
 698   year =         1992,
 699   publisher =    {USENIX},
 700 }
 701
 702 @InProceedings{flash-mix,
 703    author =      {Markus Jakobsson},
 704    title =       {Flash {M}ixing},
 705    booktitle =   {Principles of Distributed Computing - {PODC} '99},
 706    year =        {1999},
 707    publisher =   {ACM Press},
 708    note =        {\newline \url{http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/jakobsson99flash.html}},
 709 }
 710
 711 @InProceedings{SK,
 712    author =      {Joe Kilian and Kazue Sako},
 713    title =       {Receipt-Free {MIX}-Type Voting Scheme - A Practical Solution to
 714                   the Implementation of a Voting Booth},
 715    booktitle =   {EUROCRYPT '95},
 716    year =        {1995},
 717    publisher =   {Springer-Verlag},
 718 }
 719
 720 @InProceedings{OAEP,
 721    author =      {M. Bellare and P. Rogaway},
 722    year =        {1994},
 723    booktitle =   {EUROCRYPT '94},
 724    title =       {Optimal {A}symmetric {E}ncryption {P}adding : How To Encrypt With
 725                   {RSA}},
 726    publisher =   {Springer-Verlag},
 727    note =        {\newline \url{http://www-cse.ucsd.edu/users/mihir/papers/oaep.html}},
 728 }
 729 @inproceedings{babel,
 730   title = {Mixing {E}-mail With {B}abel},
 731   author = {Ceki G\"ulc\"u and Gene Tsudik},
 732   booktitle = {{Network and Distributed Security Symposium (NDSS 96)}},
 733   year = 1996,
 734   month = {February},
 735   pages = {2--16},
 736   publisher = {IEEE},
 737 }
 738   %note = {\url{http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/2254.html}},
 739
 740 @Misc{rprocess,
 741    author =      {RProcess},
 742    title =       {Selective Denial of Service Attacks},
 743    note =        {\newline \url{http://www.eff.org/pub/Privacy/Anonymity/1999\_09\_DoS\_remail\_vuln.html}},
 744 }
 745
 746 @Article{remailer-history,
 747   author = {Sameer Parekh},
 748   title = {Prospects for Remailers},
 749   journal = {First Monday},
 750   volume = {1},
 751   number = {2},
 752   month = {August},
 753   year = {1996},
 754   note = {\url{http://www.firstmonday.dk/issues/issue2/remailers/}},
 755 }
 756
 757 @Article{chaum-mix,
 758    author =      {David Chaum},
 759    title =       {Untraceable electronic mail, return addresses, and digital pseudo-nyms},
 760    journal =     {Communications of the ACM},
 761    year =        {1981},
 762    volume =      {4},
 763    number =      {2},
 764    month =       {February},
 765 }
 766    %note =        {\url{http://www.eskimo.com/~weidai/mix-net.txt}},
 767
 768 @InProceedings{nym-alias-net,
 769   author =       {David Mazi\`{e}res and M. Frans Kaashoek},
 770   title =        {{The Design, Implementation and Operation of an Email
 771                   Pseudonym Server}},
 772   booktitle =    {$5^{th}$ ACM Conference on Computer and
 773                   Communications Security (CCS'98)},
 774   year =         1998,
 775   publisher =    {ACM Press},
 776 }
 777   %note =        {\newline \url{http://www.scs.cs.nyu.edu/~dm/}},
 778
 779 @InProceedings{tangler,
 780   author =       {Marc Waldman and David Mazi\`{e}res},
 781   title =        {Tangler: A Censorship-Resistant Publishing System
 782                   Based on Document Entanglements},
 783   booktitle =    {$8^{th}$ ACM Conference on Computer and
 784                   Communications Security (CCS-8)},
 785   pages =        {86--135},
 786   year =         2001,
 787   publisher =    {ACM Press},
 788 }
 789   %note =         {\url{http://www.scs.cs.nyu.edu/~dm/}}
 790
 791 @misc{neochaum,
 792    author =      {Tim May},
 793    title =       {Payment mixes for anonymity},
 794    howpublished = {E-mail archived at
 795                   \url{http://\newline www.inet-one.com/cypherpunks/dir.2000.02.28-2000.03.05/msg00334.html}},
 796 }
 797
 798 @misc{helsingius,
 799    author =      {J. Helsingius},
 800    title =       {{\tt anon.penet.fi} press release},
 801    note =        {\newline \url{http://www.penet.fi/press-english.html}},
 802 }
 803
 804 @InProceedings{garay97secure,
 805    author =      {J. Garay and R. Gennaro and C. Jutla and T. Rabin},
 806    title =       {Secure distributed storage and retrieval},
 807    booktitle =   {11th International Workshop, WDAG '97},
 808    pages =       {275--289},
 809    year =        {1997},
 810    publisher =   {Springer-Verlag, LNCS 1320},
 811    note =        {\newline \url{http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/garay97secure.html}},
 812 }
 813
 814 @InProceedings{PIK,
 815    author =      {C. Park and K. Itoh and K. Kurosawa},
 816    title =       {Efficient anonymous channel and all/nothing election scheme},
 817    booktitle =   {Advances in Cryptology -- {EUROCRYPT} '93},
 818    pages =       {248--259},
 819    publisher =   {Springer-Verlag, LNCS 765},
 820 }
 821
 822 @Misc{pgpfaq,
 823    key =         {PGP},
 824    title =       {{PGP} {FAQ}},
 825    note =        {\newline \url{http://www.faqs.org/faqs/pgp-faq/}},
 826 }
 827
 828 @Article{riordan-schneier,
 829    author =      {James Riordan and Bruce Schneier},
 830    title =       {A Certified E-mail Protocol with No Trusted Third Party},
 831    journal =     {13th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference},
 832    month =       {December},
 833    year =        {1998},
 834    note =        {\newline \url{http://www.counterpane.com/certified-email.html}},
 835 }
 836
 837
 838 @Article{crowds-tissec,
 839   author =       {Michael K. Reiter and Aviel D. Rubin},
 840   title =        {Crowds: Anonymity for Web Transactions},
 841   journal =      {ACM TISSEC},
 842   year =         1998,
 843   volume =       1,
 844   number =       1,
 845   pages =        {66--92},
 846   month =        {November},
 847 }
 848   %note =         {\url{http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/284739.html}}
 849
 850 @Article{crowds-dimacs,
 851    author =      {Michael K. Reiter and Aviel D. Rubin},
 852    title =       {Crowds: Anonymity for Web Transactions},
 853    journal =     {{DIMACS} Technical Report (Revised)},
 854    volume =      {97},
 855    number =      {15},
 856    month =       {August},
 857    year =        {1997},
 858 }
 859
 860 @Misc{advogato,
 861    author =      {Raph Levien},
 862    title =       {Advogato's Trust Metric},
 863    note =        {\newline \url{http://www.advogato.org/trust-metric.html}},
 864 }
 865
 866 @InProceedings{publius,
 867    author =      {Marc Waldman and Aviel Rubin and Lorrie Cranor},
 868    title =       {Publius: {A} robust, tamper-evident, censorship-resistant and
 869                   source-anonymous web publishing system},
 870    booktitle =   {Proc. 9th USENIX Security Symposium},
 871    pages =       {59--72},
 872    year =        {2000},
 873    month =       {August},
 874 }
 875    %note =        {\newline \url{http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/waldman00publius.html}},
 876
 877 @Misc{freedom-nyms,
 878    author =      {Russell Samuels},
 879    title =       {Untraceable Nym Creation on the {F}reedom {N}etwork},
 880    year =        {1999},
 881    month =       {November},
 882    day =         {21},
 883    note =        {\newline \url{http://www.freedom.net/products/whitepapers/white11.html}},
 884 }
 885
 886 @techreport{freedom2-arch,
 887   title = {Freedom Systems 2.0 Architecture},
 888   author = {Philippe Boucher and Adam Shostack and Ian Goldberg},
 889   institution = {Zero Knowledge Systems, {Inc.}},
 890   year = {2000},
 891   month = {December},
 892   type = {White Paper},
 893   day = {18},
 894 }
 895
 896 @techreport{freedom21-security,
 897   title = {Freedom Systems 2.1 Security Issues and Analysis},
 898   author = {Adam Back and Ian Goldberg and Adam Shostack},
 899   institution = {Zero Knowledge Systems, {Inc.}},
 900   year = {2001},
 901   month = {May},
 902   type = {White Paper},
 903 }
 904
 905 @inproceedings{cfs:sosp01,
 906   title = {Wide-area cooperative storage with {CFS}},
 907   author = {Frank Dabek and M. Frans Kaashoek and David Karger and Robert Morris and Ion Stoica},
 908   booktitle = {18th {ACM} {S}ymposium on {O}perating {S}ystems {P}rinciples ({SOSP} '01)},
 909   year = {2001},
 910   month = {October},
 911   address = {Chateau Lake Louise, Banff, Canada},
 912 }
 913
 914 @inproceedings{SS03,
 915   title = {Passive Attack Analysis for Connection-Based Anonymity Systems},
 916   author = {Andrei Serjantov and Peter Sewell},
 917   booktitle = {Computer Security -- ESORICS 2003},
 918   publisher =   {Springer-Verlag, LNCS (forthcoming)},
 919   year = {2003},
 920   month = {October},
 921 }
 922   %note = {\url{http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/users/aas23/papers_aas/conn_sys.ps}},
 923
 924 @Misc{pk-relations,
 925    author =      {M. Bellare and A. Desai and D. Pointcheval and P. Rogaway},
 926    title =       {Relations Among Notions of Security for Public-Key Encryption
 927                   Schemes},
 928    howpublished = {
 929                   Extended abstract in {\em Advances in Cryptology - CRYPTO '98}, LNCS Vol. 1462.
 930                   Springer-Verlag, 1998.
 931                   Full version available from \newline \url{http://www-cse.ucsd.edu/users/mihir/}},
 932 }
 933
 934
 935 @InProceedings{mix-acc,
 936   author =      {Roger Dingledine and Michael J. Freedman and David
 937                   Hopwood and David Molnar},
 938   title =       {{A Reputation System to Increase MIX-net
 939                   Reliability}},
 940   booktitle =   {Information Hiding (IH 2001)},
 941   pages =       {126--141},
 942   year =        2001,
 943   editor =      {Ira S. Moskowitz},
 944   publisher =   {Springer-Verlag, LNCS 2137},
 945 }
 946   %note =        {\url{http://www.freehaven.net/papers.html}},
 947
 948 @InProceedings{casc-rep,
 949    author =      {Roger Dingledine and Paul Syverson},
 950    title =       {{Reliable MIX Cascade Networks through Reputation}},
 951   booktitle =    {Financial Cryptography},
 952   year =         2002,
 953   editor =       {Matt Blaze},
 954   publisher =    {Springer-Verlag, LNCS 2357},
 955 }
 956   %note =        {\newline \url{http://www.freehaven.net/papers.html}},
 957
 958 @InProceedings{zhou96certified,
 959    author =      {Zhou and Gollmann},
 960    title =       {Certified Electronic Mail},
 961    booktitle =   {{ESORICS: European Symposium on Research in Computer
 962                   Security}},
 963    publisher =   {Springer-Verlag, LNCS 1146},
 964    year =        {1996},
 965    note =        {\newline \url{http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/zhou96certified.html}},
 966 }
 967
 968 @Misc{realtime-mix,
 969    author =      {Anja Jerichow and Jan M\"uller and Andreas Pfitzmann and
 970                   Birgit Pfitzmann and Michael Waidner},
 971    title =       {{Real-Time MIXes: A Bandwidth-Efficient Anonymity Protocol}},
 972    howpublished = {IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 1998.},
 973    note =        {\url{http://www.zurich.ibm.com/security/publications/1998.html}},
 974 }
 975
 976 @InProceedings{danezis-pets03,
 977   author =       {George Danezis},
 978   title =        {Mix-networks with Restricted Routes},
 979   booktitle =    {Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PET 2003)},
 980   year =         2003,
 981   editor =       {Roger Dingledine},
 982   publisher =    {Springer-Verlag LNCS 2760}
 983 }
 984
 985 @InProceedings{gap-pets03,
 986   author =       {Krista Bennett and Christian Grothoff},
 987   title =        {{GAP} -- practical anonymous networking},
 988   booktitle =    {Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PET 2003)},
 989   year =         2003,
 990   editor =       {Roger Dingledine},
 991   publisher =    {Springer-Verlag LNCS 2760}
 992 }
 993
 994 @Article{hordes-jcs,
 995   author =       {Brian Neal Levine and Clay Shields},
 996   title =        {Hordes: A Multicast-Based Protocol for Anonymity},
 997   journal =      {Journal of Computer Security},
 998   year =         2002,
 999   volume =       10,
1000   number =       3,
1001   pages =        {213--240}
1002 }
1003
1004 @TechReport{herbivore,
1005   author =       {Sharad Goel and Mark Robson and Milo Polte and Emin G\"{u}n Sirer},
1006   title =        {Herbivore: A Scalable and Efficient Protocol for Anonymous Communication},
1007   institution =  {Cornell University Computing and Information Science},
1008   year =         2003,
1009   type =         {Technical Report},
1010   number =       {TR2003-1890},
1011   month =        {February}
1012 }
1013
1014 @InProceedings{p5,
1015   author =       {Rob Sherwood and Bobby Bhattacharjee and Aravind Srinivasan},
1016   title =        {$P^5$: A Protocol for Scalable Anonymous Communication},
1017   booktitle =    {2002 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy},
1018   pages =        {58--70},
1019   year =         2002,
1020   publisher =    {IEEE CS}
1021 }
1022
1023 @phdthesis{ian-thesis,
1024   title = {A Pseudonymous Communications Infrastructure for the Internet},
1025   author = {Ian Goldberg},
1026   school = {UC Berkeley},
1027   year = {2000},
1028   month = {December},
1029 }
1030
1031 @Article{taz,
1032   author =       {Ian Goldberg and David Wagner},
1033   title =        {TAZ Servers and the Rewebber Network: Enabling
1034                   Anonymous Publishing on the World Wide Web},
1035   journal =      {First Monday},
1036   year =         1998,
1037   volume =       3,
1038   number =       4,
1039   month =        {August},
1040   note =         {\url{http://www.firstmonday.dk/issues/issue3_4/goldberg/}}
1041 }
1042
1043 @Misc{tcp-over-tcp-is-bad,
1044   key =          {tcp-over-tcp-is-bad},
1045   title =        {Why {TCP} Over {TCP} Is A Bad Idea},
1046   author =       {Olaf Titz},
1047   note =         {\url{http://sites.inka.de/sites/bigred/devel/tcp-tcp.html}}
1048 }
1049
1050 @inproceedings{wright02,
1051   title = {An Analysis of the Degradation of Anonymous Protocols},
1052   author = {Matthew Wright and Micah Adler and Brian Neil Levine and Clay Shields},
1053   booktitle = {{Network and Distributed Security Symposium (NDSS 02)}},
1054   year = {2002},
1055   month = {February},
1056   publisher = {IEEE},
1057 }
1058
1059 @inproceedings{wright03,
1060   title = {Defending Anonymous Communication Against Passive Logging Attacks},
1061   author = {Matthew Wright and Micah Adler and Brian Neil Levine and Clay Shields},
1062   booktitle = {IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy},
1063   pages= {28--41},
1064   year = {2003},
1065   month = {May},
1066   publisher = {IEEE CS},
1067 }
1068
1069 @Misc{jap-backdoor,
1070   author={{The AN.ON Project}},
1071   howpublished={Press release},
1072   year={2003},
1073   month={September},
1074   title={German Police proceeds against anonymity service},
1075   note={\url{http://www.datenschutzzentrum.de/material/themen/presse/anon-bka_e.htm}}
1076 }
1077
1078
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