release/src/router/libncurses/doc/html/man/curs_inopts.3x.html

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  41 <H1 class="no-header">curs_inopts 3x</H1>
  42 <PRE>
  43 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>                                         <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
  44
  45
  46
  47
  48 </PRE>
  49 <H2><a name="h2-NAME">NAME</a></H2><PRE>
  50        <STRONG>cbreak</STRONG>, <STRONG>nocbreak</STRONG>, <STRONG>echo</STRONG>, <STRONG>noecho</STRONG>, <STRONG>halfdelay</STRONG>, <STRONG>intrflush</STRONG>,
  51        <STRONG>keypad</STRONG>, <STRONG>meta</STRONG>, <STRONG>nodelay</STRONG>, <STRONG>notimeout</STRONG>, <STRONG>raw</STRONG>, <STRONG>noraw</STRONG>, <STRONG>noqiflush</STRONG>,
  52        <STRONG>qiflush</STRONG>, <STRONG>timeout</STRONG>, <STRONG>wtimeout</STRONG>, <STRONG>typeahead</STRONG> - <STRONG>curses</STRONG> input
  53        options
  54
  55
  56 </PRE>
  57 <H2><a name="h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></H2><PRE>
  58        <STRONG>#include</STRONG> <STRONG>&lt;curses.h&gt;</STRONG>
  59
  60        <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>cbreak(void);</STRONG>
  61        <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>nocbreak(void);</STRONG>
  62        <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>echo(void);</STRONG>
  63        <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>noecho(void);</STRONG>
  64        <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>halfdelay(int</STRONG> <STRONG>tenths);</STRONG>
  65        <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>intrflush(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*win,</STRONG> <STRONG>bool</STRONG> <STRONG>bf);</STRONG>
  66        <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>keypad(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*win,</STRONG> <STRONG>bool</STRONG> <STRONG>bf);</STRONG>
  67        <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>meta(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*win,</STRONG> <STRONG>bool</STRONG> <STRONG>bf);</STRONG>
  68        <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>nodelay(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*win,</STRONG> <STRONG>bool</STRONG> <STRONG>bf);</STRONG>
  69        <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>raw(void);</STRONG>
  70        <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>noraw(void);</STRONG>
  71        <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>noqiflush(void);</STRONG>
  72        <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>qiflush(void);</STRONG>
  73        <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>notimeout(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*win,</STRONG> <STRONG>bool</STRONG> <STRONG>bf);</STRONG>
  74        <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>timeout(int</STRONG> <STRONG>delay);</STRONG>
  75        <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>wtimeout(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*win,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>delay);</STRONG>
  76        <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>typeahead(int</STRONG> <STRONG>fd);</STRONG>
  77
  78
  79 </PRE>
  80 <H2><a name="h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></H2><PRE>
  81        The <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> library provides several functions  which  let
  82        an  application change way input from the terminal is han-
  83        dled.  Some are global, applying to all  windows.   Others
  84        apply only to a specific window.  Window-specific settings
  85        are not automatically applied to new or  derived  windows.
  86        An  application  must  apply  these to each window, if the
  87        same behavior is needed.
  88
  89
  90 </PRE>
  91 <H3><a name="h3-cbreak">cbreak</a></H3><PRE>
  92        Normally, the tty driver buffers typed characters until  a
  93        newline  or  carriage return is typed.  The <STRONG>cbreak</STRONG> routine
  94        disables line buffering and erase/kill  character-process-
  95        ing  (interrupt  and flow control characters are unaffect-
  96        ed), making  characters  typed  by  the  user  immediately
  97        available  to  the  program.  The <STRONG>nocbreak</STRONG> routine returns
  98        the terminal to normal (cooked) mode.
  99
 100        Initially the terminal may or may not be in  <STRONG>cbreak</STRONG>  mode,
 101        as the mode is inherited; therefore, a program should call
 102        <STRONG>cbreak</STRONG> or <STRONG>nocbreak</STRONG> explicitly.  Most interactive  programs
 103        using  <STRONG>curses</STRONG> set the <STRONG>cbreak</STRONG> mode.  Note that <STRONG>cbreak</STRONG> over-
 104        rides <STRONG>raw</STRONG>.  [See <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">curs_getch(3x)</A></STRONG> for a  discussion  of  how
 105        these routines interact with <STRONG>echo</STRONG> and <STRONG>noecho</STRONG>.]
 106
 107
 108 </PRE>
 109 <H3><a name="h3-echo_noecho">echo/noecho</a></H3><PRE>
 110        The  <STRONG>echo</STRONG>  and  <STRONG>noecho</STRONG> routines control whether characters
 111        typed by the user are echoed by <STRONG>getch</STRONG> as they  are  typed.
 112        Echoing by the tty driver is always disabled, but initial-
 113        ly <STRONG>getch</STRONG> is in echo mode, so characters typed are  echoed.
 114        Authors  of  most  interactive programs prefer to do their
 115        own echoing in a controlled area of the screen, or not  to
 116        echo  at  all,  so they disable echoing by calling <STRONG>noecho</STRONG>.
 117        [See <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">curs_getch(3x)</A></STRONG> for a discussion of how these routines
 118        interact with <STRONG>cbreak</STRONG> and <STRONG>nocbreak</STRONG>.]
 119
 120
 121 </PRE>
 122 <H3><a name="h3-halfdelay">halfdelay</a></H3><PRE>
 123        The  <STRONG>halfdelay</STRONG>  routine is used for half-delay mode, which
 124        is similar to <STRONG>cbreak</STRONG> mode in that characters typed by  the
 125        user  are  immediately available to the program.  However,
 126        after blocking for <EM>tenths</EM> tenths of seconds,  ERR  is  re-
 127        turned  if  nothing  has  been typed.  The value of <STRONG>tenths</STRONG>
 128        must be a number between 1 and 255.  Use <STRONG>nocbreak</STRONG> to leave
 129        half-delay mode.
 130
 131
 132 </PRE>
 133 <H3><a name="h3-intrflush">intrflush</a></H3><PRE>
 134        If  the <STRONG>intrflush</STRONG> option is enabled, (<EM>bf</EM> is <STRONG>TRUE</STRONG>), when an
 135        interrupt key  is  pressed  on  the  keyboard  (interrupt,
 136        break,  quit)  all  output in the tty driver queue will be
 137        flushed, giving the effect of faster response to  the  in-
 138        terrupt, but causing <STRONG>curses</STRONG> to have the wrong idea of what
 139        is on the screen.  Disabling (<EM>bf</EM>  is  <STRONG>FALSE</STRONG>),  the  option
 140        prevents  the flush.  The default for the option is inher-
 141        ited from the tty driver settings.  The window argument is
 142        ignored.
 143
 144
 145 </PRE>
 146 <H3><a name="h3-keypad">keypad</a></H3><PRE>
 147        The  <STRONG>keypad</STRONG> option enables the keypad of the user's termi-
 148        nal.  If enabled (<EM>bf</EM> is <STRONG>TRUE</STRONG>), the user can press a  func-
 149        tion  key (such as an arrow key) and <STRONG>wgetch</STRONG> returns a sin-
 150        gle value representing the function key, as  in  <STRONG>KEY_LEFT</STRONG>.
 151        If  disabled (<EM>bf</EM> is <STRONG>FALSE</STRONG>), <STRONG>curses</STRONG> does not treat function
 152        keys specially and the program has to interpret the escape
 153        sequences  itself.   If  the keypad in the terminal can be
 154        turned on (made to transmit) and off (made to work  local-
 155        ly),  turning on this option causes the terminal keypad to
 156        be turned on when <STRONG>wgetch</STRONG> is called.  The default value for
 157        keypad is <STRONG>FALSE</STRONG>.
 158
 159
 160 </PRE>
 161 <H3><a name="h3-meta">meta</a></H3><PRE>
 162        Initially, whether the terminal returns 7 or 8 significant
 163        bits on input depends on the control mode of the tty driv-
 164        er  [see  <STRONG>termio(7)</STRONG>].  To force 8 bits to be returned, in-
 165        voke <STRONG>meta</STRONG>(<EM>win</EM>, <STRONG>TRUE</STRONG>); this is equivalent, under POSIX,  to
 166        setting  the CS8 flag on the terminal.  To force 7 bits to
 167        be returned, invoke <STRONG>meta</STRONG>(<EM>win</EM>, <STRONG>FALSE</STRONG>); this is  equivalent,
 168        under POSIX, to setting the CS7 flag on the terminal.  The
 169        window argument, <EM>win</EM>, is always ignored.  If the  terminfo
 170        capabilities  <STRONG>smm</STRONG> (meta_on) and <STRONG>rmm</STRONG> (meta_off) are defined
 171        for the  terminal,  <STRONG>smm</STRONG>  is  sent  to  the  terminal  when
 172        <STRONG>meta</STRONG>(<EM>win</EM>,  <STRONG>TRUE</STRONG>)  is called and <STRONG>rmm</STRONG> is sent when <STRONG>meta</STRONG>(<EM>win</EM>,
 173        <STRONG>FALSE</STRONG>) is called.
 174
 175
 176 </PRE>
 177 <H3><a name="h3-nodelay">nodelay</a></H3><PRE>
 178        The <STRONG>nodelay</STRONG> option causes <STRONG>getch</STRONG> to be a non-blocking call.
 179        If  no input is ready, <STRONG>getch</STRONG> returns <STRONG>ERR</STRONG>.  If disabled (<EM>bf</EM>
 180        is <STRONG>FALSE</STRONG>), <STRONG>getch</STRONG> waits until a key is pressed.
 181
 182        While interpreting an input escape sequence, <STRONG>wgetch</STRONG> sets a
 183        timer  while  waiting  for the next character.  If <STRONG>notime-</STRONG>
 184        <STRONG>out(</STRONG><EM>win</EM>, <STRONG>TRUE</STRONG>) is called,  then  <STRONG>wgetch</STRONG>  does  not  set  a
 185        timer.  The purpose of the timeout is to differentiate be-
 186        tween sequences received from a  function  key  and  those
 187        typed by a user.
 188
 189
 190 </PRE>
 191 <H3><a name="h3-raw_noraw">raw/noraw</a></H3><PRE>
 192        The  <STRONG>raw</STRONG> and <STRONG>noraw</STRONG> routines place the terminal into or out
 193        of raw mode.  Raw mode is similar to <STRONG>cbreak</STRONG> mode, in  that
 194        characters typed are immediately passed through to the us-
 195        er program.  The differences are that in raw mode, the in-
 196        terrupt,  quit,  suspend,  and flow control characters are
 197        all passed through uninterpreted, instead of generating  a
 198        signal.   The  behavior  of the BREAK key depends on other
 199        bits in the tty driver that are not set by <STRONG>curses</STRONG>.
 200
 201
 202 </PRE>
 203 <H3><a name="h3-noqiflush">noqiflush</a></H3><PRE>
 204        When the <STRONG>noqiflush</STRONG> routine is used, normal flush of  input
 205        and  output queues associated with the <STRONG>INTR</STRONG>, <STRONG>QUIT</STRONG> and <STRONG>SUSP</STRONG>
 206        characters will not be done [see <STRONG>termio(7)</STRONG>].  When <STRONG>qiflush</STRONG>
 207        is  called,  the queues will be flushed when these control
 208        characters are read.  You may want to call <STRONG>noqiflush()</STRONG>  in
 209        a  signal handler if you want output to continue as though
 210        the interrupt had not occurred, after the handler exits.
 211
 212
 213 </PRE>
 214 <H3><a name="h3-timeout_wtimeout">timeout/wtimeout</a></H3><PRE>
 215        The <STRONG>timeout</STRONG> and <STRONG>wtimeout</STRONG> routines  set  blocking  or  non-
 216        blocking  read  for a given window.  If <EM>delay</EM> is negative,
 217        blocking read is used (i.e., waits  indefinitely  for  in-
 218        put).   If  <EM>delay</EM>  is zero, then non-blocking read is used
 219        (i.e., read returns <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> if no input is waiting).  If <EM>delay</EM>
 220        is  positive, then read blocks for <EM>delay</EM> milliseconds, and
 221        returns <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> if there is still no input.  Hence, these rou-
 222        tines  provide the same functionality as <STRONG>nodelay</STRONG>, plus the
 223        additional capability of being able to block for only  <EM>de-</EM>
 224        <EM>lay</EM> milliseconds (where <EM>delay</EM> is positive).
 225
 226
 227 </PRE>
 228 <H3><a name="h3-typeahead">typeahead</a></H3><PRE>
 229        The  <STRONG>curses</STRONG>  library  does "line-breakout optimization" by
 230        looking for  typeahead  periodically  while  updating  the
 231        screen.   If  input is found, and it is coming from a tty,
 232        the current update is postponed until <STRONG>refresh</STRONG> or  <STRONG>doupdate</STRONG>
 233        is  called again.  This allows faster response to commands
 234        typed in advance.  Normally, the input FILE pointer passed
 235        to  <STRONG>newterm</STRONG>,  or  <STRONG>stdin</STRONG> in the case that <STRONG>initscr</STRONG> was used,
 236        will be used to do this typeahead checking.  The <STRONG>typeahead</STRONG>
 237        routine  specifies  that  the  file descriptor <EM>fd</EM> is to be
 238        used to check for typeahead instead.  If <EM>fd</EM> is -1, then no
 239        typeahead checking is done.
 240
 241
 242 </PRE>
 243 <H2><a name="h2-RETURN-VALUE">RETURN VALUE</a></H2><PRE>
 244        All  routines that return an integer return <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> upon fail-
 245        ure and OK (SVr4 specifies only "an  integer  value  other
 246        than  <STRONG>ERR</STRONG>")  upon  successful completion, unless otherwise
 247        noted in the preceding routine descriptions.
 248
 249        X/Open does not define any error conditions.  In this  im-
 250        plementation,  functions  with a window parameter will re-
 251        turn an error if it is null.  Any function will  also  re-
 252        turn an error if the terminal was not initialized.  Also,
 253
 254               <STRONG>halfdelay</STRONG>
 255                    returns  an  error if its parameter is outside
 256                    the range 1..255.
 257
 258
 259 </PRE>
 260 <H2><a name="h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></H2><PRE>
 261        These functions are described in the XSI Curses  standard,
 262        Issue 4.
 263
 264        The  ncurses  library obeys the XPG4 standard and the his-
 265        torical practice of the AT&amp;T  curses  implementations,  in
 266        that  the  echo bit is cleared when curses initializes the
 267        terminal state.  BSD curses differed from  this  slightly;
 268        it left the echo bit on at initialization, but the BSD <STRONG>raw</STRONG>
 269        call turned it off as a side-effect.  For best  portabili-
 270        ty,  set  echo or noecho explicitly just after initializa-
 271        tion, even if your program remains in cooked mode.
 272
 273        When <STRONG>keypad</STRONG> is first enabled, ncurses loads the  key-defi-
 274        nitions for the current terminal description.  If the ter-
 275        minal description includes extended  string  capabilities,
 276        e.g.,  from  using the <STRONG>-x</STRONG> option of tic, then ncurses also
 277        defines keys for the capabilities whose names  begin  with
 278        "k".   The  corresponding  keycodes are generated and (de-
 279        pending on previous loads of  terminal  descriptions)  may
 280        differ  from  one execution of a program to the next.  The
 281        generated keycodes are recognized by the <STRONG>keyname</STRONG>  function
 282        (which will then return a name beginning with "k" denoting
 283        the terminfo capability name rather  than  "K",  used  for
 284        curses  key-names).  On the other hand, an application can
 285        use <STRONG>define_key</STRONG> to establish a specific keycode for a given
 286        string.   This  makes  it  possible  for an application to
 287        check for an extended capability's presence with <EM>tigetstr</EM>,
 288        and reassign the keycode to match its own needs.
 289
 290        Low-level applications can use <STRONG>tigetstr</STRONG> to obtain the def-
 291        inition of any particular string capability.  Higher-level
 292        applications which use the curses <STRONG>wgetch</STRONG> and similar func-
 293        tions to return keycodes rely upon the order in which  the
 294        strings  are  loaded.  If more than one key definition has
 295        the same string value, then <STRONG>wgetch</STRONG>  can  return  only  one
 296        keycode.   Most curses implementations (including ncurses)
 297        load key definitions in the order defined by the array  of
 298        string capability names.  The last key to be loaded deter-
 299        mines the keycode which will be returned.  In ncurses, you
 300        may  also  have  extended  capabilities interpreted as key
 301        definitions.  These are loaded after the predefined  keys,
 302        and  if  a capability's value is the same as a previously-
 303        loaded key definition, the later  definition  is  the  one
 304        used.
 305
 306
 307 </PRE>
 308 <H2><a name="h2-NOTES">NOTES</a></H2><PRE>
 309        Note  that <STRONG>echo</STRONG>, <STRONG>noecho</STRONG>, <STRONG>halfdelay</STRONG>, <STRONG>intrflush</STRONG>, <STRONG>meta</STRONG>, <STRONG>node-</STRONG>
 310        <STRONG>lay</STRONG>, <STRONG>notimeout</STRONG>, <STRONG>noqiflush</STRONG>, <STRONG>qiflush</STRONG>, <STRONG>timeout</STRONG>, and  <STRONG>wtimeout</STRONG>
 311        may be macros.
 312
 313        The <STRONG>noraw</STRONG> and <STRONG>nocbreak</STRONG> calls follow historical practice in
 314        that they attempt to restore  to  normal  (`cooked')  mode
 315        from  raw and cbreak modes respectively.  Mixing raw/noraw
 316        and cbreak/nocbreak calls  leads  to  tty  driver  control
 317        states  that  are hard to predict or understand; it is not
 318        recommended.
 319
 320
 321 </PRE>
 322 <H2><a name="h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></H2><PRE>
 323        <STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">curses(3x)</A></STRONG>,       <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">curs_getch(3x)</A></STRONG>,        <STRONG><A HREF="curs_initscr.3x.html">curs_initscr(3x)</A></STRONG>,
 324        <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="define_key.3x.html">define_key(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG>termio(7)</STRONG>
 325
 326
 327
 328                                                         <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
 329 </PRE>
 330 <div class="nav">
 331 <ul>
 332 <li><a href="#h2-NAME">NAME</a></li>
 333 <li><a href="#h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></li>
 334 <li><a href="#h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a>
 335 <ul>
 336 <li><a href="#h3-cbreak">cbreak</a></li>
 337 <li><a href="#h3-echo_noecho">echo/noecho</a></li>
 338 <li><a href="#h3-halfdelay">halfdelay</a></li>
 339 <li><a href="#h3-intrflush">intrflush</a></li>
 340 <li><a href="#h3-keypad">keypad</a></li>
 341 <li><a href="#h3-meta">meta</a></li>
 342 <li><a href="#h3-nodelay">nodelay</a></li>
 343 <li><a href="#h3-raw_noraw">raw/noraw</a></li>
 344 <li><a href="#h3-noqiflush">noqiflush</a></li>
 345 <li><a href="#h3-timeout_wtimeout">timeout/wtimeout</a></li>
 346 <li><a href="#h3-typeahead">typeahead</a></li>
 347 </ul>
 348 </li>
 349 <li><a href="#h2-RETURN-VALUE">RETURN VALUE</a></li>
 350 <li><a href="#h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></li>
 351 <li><a href="#h2-NOTES">NOTES</a></li>
 352 <li><a href="#h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></li>
 353 </ul>
 354 </div>
 355 </BODY>
 356 </HTML>