release/src/router/libncurses/doc/html/man/curs_util.3x.html

   1 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN">
   2 <!--
   3   ****************************************************************************
   4   * Copyright (c) 1998-2008,2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.              *
   5   *                                                                          *
   6   * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a  *
   7   * copy of this software and associated documentation files (the            *
   8   * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including      *
   9   * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,      *
  10   * distribute, distribute with modifications, sublicense, and/or sell       *
  11   * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is    *
  12   * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:                 *
  13   *                                                                          *
  14   * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included  *
  15   * in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.                   *
  16   *                                                                          *
  17   * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS  *
  18   * OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF               *
  19   * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.   *
  20   * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE ABOVE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,   *
  21   * DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR    *
  22   * OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR    *
  23   * THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.                               *
  24   *                                                                          *
  25   * Except as contained in this notice, the name(s) of the above copyright   *
  26   * holders shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the     *
  27   * sale, use or other dealings in this Software without prior written       *
  28   * authorization.                                                           *
  29   ****************************************************************************
  30   * @Id: curs_util.3x,v 1.32 2010/12/04 18:38:55 tom Exp @
  31 -->
  32 <HTML>
  33 <HEAD>
  34 <TITLE>curs_util 3x</TITLE>
  35 <link rev=made href="mailto:bug-ncurses@gnu.org">
  36 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
  37 </HEAD>
  38 <BODY>
  39 <H1>curs_util 3x</H1>
  40 <HR>
  41 <PRE>
  42 <!-- Manpage converted by man2html 3.0.1 -->
  43 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>                                             <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>
  44
  45
  46
  47
  48 </PRE>
  49 <H2>NAME</H2><PRE>
  50        <STRONG>delay_output</STRONG>, <STRONG>filter</STRONG>, <STRONG>flushinp</STRONG>, <STRONG>getwin</STRONG>, <STRONG>key_name</STRONG>, <STRONG>keyname</STRONG>,
  51        <STRONG>nofilter</STRONG>, <STRONG>putwin</STRONG>, <STRONG>unctrl</STRONG>, <STRONG>use_env</STRONG>, <STRONG>wunctrl</STRONG> - miscellaneous
  52        <STRONG>curses</STRONG> utility routines
  53
  54
  55 </PRE>
  56 <H2>SYNOPSIS</H2><PRE>
  57        <STRONG>#include</STRONG> <STRONG>&lt;curses.h&gt;</STRONG>
  58
  59        <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*unctrl(chtype</STRONG> <STRONG>c);</STRONG>
  60        <STRONG>wchar_t</STRONG> <STRONG>*wunctrl(cchar_t</STRONG> <STRONG>*c);</STRONG>
  61        <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*keyname(int</STRONG> <STRONG>c);</STRONG>
  62        <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*key_name(wchar_t</STRONG> <STRONG>w);</STRONG>
  63        <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>filter(void);</STRONG>
  64        <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>nofilter(void);</STRONG>
  65        <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>use_env(bool</STRONG> <STRONG>f);</STRONG>
  66        <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>putwin(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*win,</STRONG> <STRONG>FILE</STRONG> <STRONG>*filep);</STRONG>
  67        <STRONG>WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*getwin(FILE</STRONG> <STRONG>*filep);</STRONG>
  68        <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>delay_output(int</STRONG> <STRONG>ms);</STRONG>
  69        <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>flushinp(void);</STRONG>
  70
  71
  72 </PRE>
  73 <H2>DESCRIPTION</H2><PRE>
  74        The  <STRONG>unctrl</STRONG>  routine returns a character string which is a
  75        printable representation of the character <EM>c</EM>, ignoring  at-
  76        tributes.   Control characters are displayed in the <STRONG>^</STRONG><EM>X</EM> no-
  77        tation.  Printing characters are  displayed  as  is.   The
  78        corresponding  <STRONG>wunctrl</STRONG>  returns a printable representation
  79        of a wide character.
  80
  81        The <STRONG>keyname</STRONG> routine returns a character string correspond-
  82        ing to the key <EM>c</EM>:
  83
  84           <STRONG>o</STRONG>   Printable  characters  are displayed as themselves,
  85               e.g., a one-character string containing the key.
  86
  87           <STRONG>o</STRONG>   Control characters are displayed in  the  <STRONG>^</STRONG><EM>X</EM>  nota-
  88               tion.
  89
  90           <STRONG>o</STRONG>   DEL (character 127) is displayed as <STRONG>^?</STRONG>.
  91
  92           <STRONG>o</STRONG>   Values above 128 are either meta characters (if the
  93               screen has not been initialized,  or  if  <STRONG>meta</STRONG>  has
  94               been  called  with  a TRUE parameter), shown in the
  95               <STRONG>M-</STRONG><EM>X</EM> notation, or are displayed as  themselves.   In
  96               the  latter  case, the values may not be printable;
  97               this follows the X/Open specification.
  98
  99           <STRONG>o</STRONG>   Values above 256 may be the names of the  names  of
 100               function keys.
 101
 102           <STRONG>o</STRONG>   Otherwise  (if  there is no corresponding name) the
 103               function returns null, to denote an error.   X/Open
 104               also  lists  an  "UNKNOWN  KEY" return value, which
 105               some implementations return rather than null.
 106
 107        The corresponding <STRONG>key_name</STRONG> returns a character string cor-
 108        responding  to  the wide-character value <EM>w</EM>.  The two func-
 109        tions do not return the same set of  strings;  the  latter
 110        returns null where the former would display a meta charac-
 111        ter.
 112
 113        The <STRONG>filter</STRONG> routine, if used, must be called before <STRONG>initscr</STRONG>
 114        or  <STRONG>newterm</STRONG>  are called.  The effect is that, during those
 115        calls, <STRONG>LINES</STRONG> is set to 1;  the  capabilities  <STRONG>clear</STRONG>,  <STRONG>cup</STRONG>,
 116        <STRONG>cud</STRONG>,  <STRONG>cud1</STRONG>,  <STRONG>cuu1</STRONG>,  <STRONG>cuu</STRONG>,  <STRONG>vpa</STRONG>  are  disabled; and the <STRONG>home</STRONG>
 117        string is set to the value of <STRONG>cr</STRONG>.
 118
 119        The <STRONG>nofilter</STRONG> routine cancels the  effect  of  a  preceding
 120        <STRONG>filter</STRONG>  call.   That  allows  the  caller  to initialize a
 121        screen on a different device, using a different  value  of
 122        <STRONG>$TERM</STRONG>.   The  limitation arises because the <STRONG>filter</STRONG> routine
 123        modifies the in-memory copy of the terminal information.
 124
 125        The <STRONG>use_env</STRONG> routine, if used, is called before <STRONG>initscr</STRONG>  or
 126        <STRONG>newterm</STRONG>  are  called.   When called with <STRONG>FALSE</STRONG> as an argu-
 127        ment, the values of <STRONG>lines</STRONG> and  <STRONG>columns</STRONG>  specified  in  the
 128        <EM>terminfo</EM>  database will be used, even if environment vari-
 129        ables <STRONG>LINES</STRONG> and <STRONG>COLUMNS</STRONG> (used by default) are set,  or  if
 130        <STRONG>curses</STRONG>  is  running in a window (in which case default be-
 131        havior would be to  use  the  window  size  if  <STRONG>LINES</STRONG>  and
 132        <STRONG>COLUMNS</STRONG>  are not set).  Note that setting <STRONG>LINES</STRONG> or <STRONG>COLUMNS</STRONG>
 133        overrides the corresponding size  which  may  be  obtained
 134        from the operating system.
 135
 136        The  <STRONG>putwin</STRONG> routine writes all data associated with window
 137        <EM>win</EM> into the file to which <EM>filep</EM> points.  This information
 138        can be later retrieved using the <STRONG>getwin</STRONG> function.
 139
 140        The <STRONG>getwin</STRONG> routine reads window related data stored in the
 141        file by <STRONG>putwin</STRONG>.  The routine then creates and  initializes
 142        a new window using that data.  It returns a pointer to the
 143        new window.
 144
 145        The <STRONG>delay_output</STRONG> routine inserts an <EM>ms</EM>  millisecond  pause
 146        in  output.   This  routine should not be used extensively
 147        because padding characters are  used  rather  than  a  CPU
 148        pause.   If  no  padding character is specified, this uses
 149        <STRONG>napms</STRONG> to perform the delay.
 150
 151        The <STRONG>flushinp</STRONG> routine throws away any  typeahead  that  has
 152        been  typed  by  the user and has not yet been read by the
 153        program.
 154
 155
 156 </PRE>
 157 <H2>RETURN VALUE</H2><PRE>
 158        Except for <STRONG>flushinp</STRONG>, routines that return an  integer  re-
 159        turn  <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> upon failure and <STRONG>OK</STRONG> (SVr4 specifies only "an in-
 160        teger value other than <STRONG>ERR</STRONG>") upon successful completion.
 161
 162        Routines that return pointers return <STRONG>NULL</STRONG> on error.
 163
 164        X/Open does not define any error conditions.  In this  im-
 165        plementation
 166
 167           <STRONG>flushinp</STRONG>
 168                returns  an error if the terminal was not initial-
 169                ized.
 170
 171           <STRONG>meta</STRONG> returns an error if the terminal was not  initial-
 172                ized.
 173
 174           <STRONG>putwin</STRONG>
 175                returns  an  error  if the associated <STRONG>fwrite</STRONG> calls
 176                return an error.
 177
 178
 179 </PRE>
 180 <H2>PORTABILITY</H2><PRE>
 181        The XSI Curses standard, Issue  4  describes  these  func-
 182        tions.   It  states  that <STRONG>unctrl</STRONG> and <STRONG>wunctrl</STRONG> will return a
 183        null pointer if unsuccessful, but does not define any  er-
 184        ror conditions.  This implementation checks for three cas-
 185        es:
 186
 187           <STRONG>o</STRONG>   the parameter is a 7-bit US-ASCII  code.   This  is
 188               the case that X/Open Curses documented.
 189
 190           <STRONG>o</STRONG>   the  parameter  is in the range 128-159, i.e., a C1
 191               control code.  If <STRONG>use_legacy_coding</STRONG> has been called
 192               with  a  <STRONG>2</STRONG> parameter, <STRONG>unctrl</STRONG> returns the parameter,
 193               i.e., a one-character string with the parameter  as
 194               the first character.  Otherwise, it returns ``~@'',
 195               ``~A'', etc., analogous to ``^@'', ``^A'', C0  con-
 196               trols.
 197
 198               X/Open  Curses does not document whether <STRONG>unctrl</STRONG> can
 199               be called before initializing curses.  This  imple-
 200               mentation  permits  that,  and  returns the ``~@'',
 201               etc., values in that case.
 202
 203           <STRONG>o</STRONG>   parameter values outside the 0 to 255 range.   <STRONG>unc-</STRONG>
 204               <STRONG>trl</STRONG> returns a null pointer.
 205
 206        The SVr4 documentation describes the action of <STRONG>filter</STRONG> only
 207        in the vaguest terms.  The  description  here  is  adapted
 208        from  the  XSI Curses standard (which erroneously fails to
 209        describe the disabling of <STRONG>cuu</STRONG>).
 210
 211        The strings returned by <STRONG>unctrl</STRONG> in this implementation  are
 212        determined  at  compile time, showing C1 controls from the
 213        upper-128 codes with a `~' prefix rather than `^'.   Other
 214        implementations  have different conventions.  For example,
 215        they may show both sets of control  characters  with  `^',
 216        and  strip the parameter to 7 bits.  Or they may ignore C1
 217        controls and treat all of the upper-128  codes  as  print-
 218        able.  This implementation uses 8 bits but does not modify
 219        the string to reflect locale.  The <STRONG>use_legacy_coding</STRONG> func-
 220        tion allows the caller to change the output of <STRONG>unctrl</STRONG>.
 221
 222        Likewise,  the  <STRONG>meta</STRONG>  function allows the caller to change
 223        the output of <STRONG>keyname</STRONG>, i.e., it determines whether to  use
 224        the  `M-' prefix for ``meta'' keys (codes in the range 128
 225        to 255).  Both <STRONG>use_legacy_coding</STRONG> and <STRONG>meta</STRONG> succeed only af-
 226        ter  curses  is initialized.  X/Open Curses does not docu-
 227        ment the treatment of codes 128  to  159.   When  treating
 228        them as ``meta'' keys (or if <STRONG>keyname</STRONG> is called before ini-
 229        tializing curses),  this  implementation  returns  strings
 230        ``M-^@'', ``M-^A'', etc.
 231
 232        The  <STRONG>keyname</STRONG> function may return the names of user-defined
 233        string capabilities which are defined in the terminfo  en-
 234        try  via  the <STRONG>-x</STRONG> option of <STRONG>tic</STRONG>.  This implementation auto-
 235        matically assigns at  run-time  keycodes  to  user-defined
 236        strings  which  begin  with  "k".   The  keycodes start at
 237        KEY_MAX, but are not guaranteed to be the same  value  for
 238        different  runs because user-defined codes are merged from
 239        all terminal descriptions which  have  been  loaded.   The
 240        <STRONG>use_extended_names</STRONG>  function controls whether this data is
 241        loaded when the terminal description is read  by  the  li-
 242        brary.
 243
 244        The  <STRONG>nofilter</STRONG>  routine is specific to ncurses.  It was not
 245        supported on Version 7, BSD or System  V  implementations.
 246        It  is  recommended that any code depending on ncurses ex-
 247        tensions be conditioned using NCURSES_VERSION.
 248
 249
 250 </PRE>
 251 <H2>SEE ALSO</H2><PRE>
 252        <STRONG><A HREF="legacy_coding.3x.html">legacy_coding(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">curses(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_initscr.3x.html">curs_initscr(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG>curs_ker-</STRONG>
 253        <STRONG><A HREF="curs_kernel.3x.html">nel(3x)</A></STRONG>,   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_scr_dump.3x.html">curs_scr_dump(3x)</A></STRONG>,   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_variables.3x.html">curs_variables(3x)</A></STRONG>,  <STRONG>lega-</STRONG>
 254        <STRONG><A HREF="legacy_coding.3x.html">cy_coding(3x)</A></STRONG>.
 255
 256
 257
 258                                                           <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>
 259 </PRE>
 260 <HR>
 261 <ADDRESS>
 262 Man(1) output converted with
 263 <a href="http://www.oac.uci.edu/indiv/ehood/man2html.html">man2html</a>
 264 </ADDRESS>
 265 </BODY>
 266 </HTML>