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30 * @Id: curs_terminfo.3x,v 1.35 2010/12/04 18:38:55 tom Exp @
34 <TITLE>curs_terminfo
3x
</TITLE>
35 <link rev=made
href=
"mailto:bug-ncurses@gnu.org">
36 <meta http-equiv=
"Content-Type" content=
"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
39 <H1>curs_terminfo
3x
</H1>
42 <!-- Manpage converted by man2html 3.0.1 -->
43 <STRONG><A HREF=
"curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(
3x)
</A></STRONG> <STRONG><A HREF=
"curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(
3x)
</A></STRONG>
50 <STRONG>del_curterm
</STRONG>,
<STRONG>mvcur
</STRONG>,
<STRONG>putp
</STRONG>,
<STRONG>restartterm
</STRONG>,
<STRONG>set_curterm
</STRONG>,
51 <STRONG>setterm
</STRONG>,
<STRONG>setupterm
</STRONG>,
<STRONG>tigetflag
</STRONG>,
<STRONG>tigetnum
</STRONG>,
<STRONG>tigetstr
</STRONG>,
<STRONG>tiparm
</STRONG>,
52 <STRONG>tparm
</STRONG>,
<STRONG>tputs
</STRONG>,
<STRONG>vid_attr
</STRONG>,
<STRONG>vid_puts
</STRONG>,
<STRONG>vidattr
</STRONG>,
<STRONG>vidputs
</STRONG> -
53 <STRONG>curses
</STRONG> interfaces to terminfo database
57 <H2>SYNOPSIS
</H2><PRE>
58 <STRONG>#include
</STRONG> <STRONG><curses.h
></STRONG>
59 <STRONG>#include
</STRONG> <STRONG><term.h
></STRONG>
61 <STRONG>int
</STRONG> <STRONG>setupterm(char
</STRONG> <STRONG>*
</STRONG><EM>term
</EM><STRONG>,
</STRONG> <STRONG>int
</STRONG> <EM>fildes
</EM><STRONG>,
</STRONG> <STRONG>int
</STRONG> <STRONG>*
</STRONG><EM>errret
</EM><STRONG>);
</STRONG>
62 <STRONG>int
</STRONG> <STRONG>setterm(char
</STRONG> <STRONG>*
</STRONG><EM>term
</EM><STRONG>);
</STRONG>
63 <STRONG>TERMINAL
</STRONG> <STRONG>*set_curterm(TERMINAL
</STRONG> <STRONG>*
</STRONG><EM>nterm
</EM><STRONG>);
</STRONG>
64 <STRONG>int
</STRONG> <STRONG>del_curterm(TERMINAL
</STRONG> <STRONG>*
</STRONG><EM>oterm
</EM><STRONG>);
</STRONG>
65 <STRONG>int
</STRONG> <STRONG>restartterm(char
</STRONG> <STRONG>*
</STRONG><EM>term
</EM><STRONG>,
</STRONG> <STRONG>int
</STRONG> <EM>fildes
</EM><STRONG>,
</STRONG> <STRONG>int
</STRONG> <STRONG>*
</STRONG><EM>errret
</EM><STRONG>);
</STRONG>
66 <STRONG>char
</STRONG> <STRONG>*tparm(char
</STRONG> <STRONG>*
</STRONG><EM>str
</EM><STRONG>,
</STRONG> <STRONG>...);
</STRONG>
67 <STRONG>int
</STRONG> <STRONG>tputs(const
</STRONG> <STRONG>char
</STRONG> <STRONG>*
</STRONG><EM>str
</EM><STRONG>,
</STRONG> <STRONG>int
</STRONG> <EM>affcnt
</EM><STRONG>,
</STRONG> <STRONG>int
</STRONG> <STRONG>(*
</STRONG><EM>putc
</EM><STRONG>)(int));
</STRONG>
68 <STRONG>int
</STRONG> <STRONG>putp(const
</STRONG> <STRONG>char
</STRONG> <STRONG>*
</STRONG><EM>str
</EM><STRONG>);
</STRONG>
69 <STRONG>int
</STRONG> <STRONG>vidputs(chtype
</STRONG> <EM>attrs
</EM><STRONG>,
</STRONG> <STRONG>int
</STRONG> <STRONG>(*
</STRONG><EM>putc
</EM><STRONG>)(int));
</STRONG>
70 <STRONG>int
</STRONG> <STRONG>vidattr(chtype
</STRONG> <EM>attrs
</EM><STRONG>);
</STRONG>
71 <STRONG>int
</STRONG> <STRONG>vid_puts(attr_t
</STRONG> <EM>attrs
</EM><STRONG>,
</STRONG> <STRONG>short
</STRONG> <EM>pair
</EM><STRONG>,
</STRONG> <STRONG>void
</STRONG> <STRONG>*
</STRONG><EM>opts
</EM><STRONG>,
</STRONG> <STRONG>int
</STRONG> <STRONG>(*
</STRONG><EM>putc
</EM><STRONG>)(char));
</STRONG>
72 <STRONG>int
</STRONG> <STRONG>vid_attr(attr_t
</STRONG> <EM>attrs
</EM><STRONG>,
</STRONG> <STRONG>short
</STRONG> <EM>pair
</EM><STRONG>,
</STRONG> <STRONG>void
</STRONG> <STRONG>*
</STRONG><EM>opts
</EM><STRONG>);
</STRONG>
73 <STRONG>int
</STRONG> <STRONG>mvcur(int
</STRONG> <EM>oldrow
</EM><STRONG>,
</STRONG> <STRONG>int
</STRONG> <EM>oldcol
</EM><STRONG>,
</STRONG> <STRONG>int
</STRONG> <EM>newrow
</EM>, int
<EM>newcol
</EM><STRONG>);
</STRONG>
74 <STRONG>int
</STRONG> <STRONG>tigetflag(char
</STRONG> <STRONG>*
</STRONG><EM>capname
</EM><STRONG>);
</STRONG>
75 <STRONG>int
</STRONG> <STRONG>tigetnum(char
</STRONG> <STRONG>*
</STRONG><EM>capname
</EM><STRONG>);
</STRONG>
76 <STRONG>char
</STRONG> <STRONG>*tigetstr(char
</STRONG> <STRONG>*
</STRONG><EM>capname
</EM><STRONG>);
</STRONG>
77 <STRONG>char
</STRONG> <STRONG>*tiparm(const
</STRONG> <STRONG>char
</STRONG> <STRONG>*
</STRONG><EM>str
</EM><STRONG>,
</STRONG> <STRONG>...);
</STRONG>
81 <H2>DESCRIPTION
</H2><PRE>
82 These low-level routines must be called by programs that
83 have to deal directly with the
<STRONG>terminfo
</STRONG> database to handle
84 certain terminal capabilities, such as programming func-
85 tion keys. For all other functionality,
<STRONG>curses
</STRONG> routines
86 are more suitable and their use is recommended.
88 Initially,
<STRONG>setupterm
</STRONG> should be called. Note that
<STRONG>se-
</STRONG>
89 <STRONG>tupterm
</STRONG> is automatically called by
<STRONG>initscr
</STRONG> and
<STRONG>newterm
</STRONG>.
90 This defines the set of terminal-dependent variables
91 [listed in
<STRONG><A HREF=
"terminfo.5.html">terminfo(
5)
</A></STRONG>]. The
<STRONG>terminfo
</STRONG> variables
<STRONG>lines
</STRONG> and
92 <STRONG>columns
</STRONG> are initialized by
<STRONG>setupterm
</STRONG> as follows:
94 If
<STRONG>use_env(FALSE)
</STRONG> has been called, values for
<STRONG>lines
</STRONG>
95 and
<STRONG>columns
</STRONG> specified in
<STRONG>terminfo
</STRONG> are used.
97 Otherwise, if the environment variables
<STRONG>LINES
</STRONG> and
98 <STRONG>COLUMNS
</STRONG> exist, their values are used. If these en-
99 vironment variables do not exist and the program is
100 running in a window, the current window size is
101 used. Otherwise, if the environment variables do
102 not exist, the values for
<STRONG>lines
</STRONG> and
<STRONG>columns
</STRONG> speci-
103 fied in the
<STRONG>terminfo
</STRONG> database are used.
105 The header files
<STRONG>curses.h
</STRONG> and
<STRONG>term.h
</STRONG> should be included
106 (in this order) to get the definitions for these strings,
107 numbers, and flags. Parameterized strings should be
108 passed through
<STRONG>tparm
</STRONG> to instantiate them. All
<STRONG>terminfo
</STRONG>
109 strings [including the output of
<STRONG>tparm
</STRONG>] should be printed
110 with
<STRONG>tputs
</STRONG> or
<STRONG>putp
</STRONG>. Call the
<STRONG>reset_shell_mode
</STRONG> to restore
111 the tty modes before exiting [see
<STRONG><A HREF=
"curs_kernel.3x.html">curs_kernel(
3x)
</A></STRONG>]. Pro-
112 grams which use cursor addressing should output
<STRONG>en-
</STRONG>
113 <STRONG>ter_ca_mode
</STRONG> upon startup and should output
<STRONG>exit_ca_mode
</STRONG>
114 before exiting. Programs desiring shell escapes should
117 <STRONG>reset_shell_mode
</STRONG> and output
<STRONG>exit_ca_mode
</STRONG> before the shell
118 is called and should output
<STRONG>enter_ca_mode
</STRONG> and call
<STRONG>re-
</STRONG>
119 <STRONG>set_prog_mode
</STRONG> after returning from the shell.
121 The
<STRONG>setupterm
</STRONG> routine reads in the
<STRONG>terminfo
</STRONG> database, ini-
122 tializing the
<STRONG>terminfo
</STRONG> structures, but does not set up the
123 output virtualization structures used by
<STRONG>curses
</STRONG>. The ter-
124 minal type is the character string
<EM>term
</EM>; if
<EM>term
</EM> is null,
125 the environment variable
<STRONG>TERM
</STRONG> is used. All output is to
126 file descriptor
<STRONG>fildes
</STRONG> which is initialized for output.
127 If
<EM>errret
</EM> is not null, then
<STRONG>setupterm
</STRONG> returns
<STRONG>OK
</STRONG> or
<STRONG>ERR
</STRONG>
128 and stores a status value in the integer pointed to by
<EM>er-
</EM>
129 <EM>rret
</EM>. A return value of
<STRONG>OK
</STRONG> combined with status of
<STRONG>1</STRONG> in
130 <EM>errret
</EM> is normal. If
<STRONG>ERR
</STRONG> is returned, examine
<EM>errret
</EM>:
132 <STRONG>1</STRONG> means that the terminal is hardcopy, cannot be
133 used for curses applications.
135 <STRONG>0</STRONG> means that the terminal could not be found, or
136 that it is a generic type, having too little
137 information for curses applications to run.
139 <STRONG>-
1</STRONG> means that the
<STRONG>terminfo
</STRONG> database could not be
142 If
<EM>errret
</EM> is null,
<STRONG>setupterm
</STRONG> prints an error message upon
143 finding an error and exits. Thus, the simplest call is:
145 <STRONG>setupterm((char
</STRONG> <STRONG>*)
0,
</STRONG> <STRONG>1,
</STRONG> <STRONG>(int
</STRONG> <STRONG>*)
0);
</STRONG>,
147 which uses all the defaults and sends the output to
<STRONG>std-
</STRONG>
148 <STRONG>out
</STRONG>.
150 The
<STRONG>setterm
</STRONG> routine is being replaced by
<STRONG>setupterm
</STRONG>. The
153 <STRONG>setupterm(
</STRONG><EM>term
</EM><STRONG>,
</STRONG> <STRONG>1,
</STRONG> <STRONG>(int
</STRONG> <STRONG>*)
0)
</STRONG>
155 provides the same functionality as
<STRONG>setterm(
</STRONG><EM>term
</EM><STRONG>)
</STRONG>. The
156 <STRONG>setterm
</STRONG> routine is included here for BSD compatibility,
157 and is not recommended for new programs.
159 The
<STRONG>set_curterm
</STRONG> routine sets the variable
<STRONG>cur_term
</STRONG> to
160 <EM>nterm
</EM>, and makes all of the
<STRONG>terminfo
</STRONG> boolean, numeric, and
161 string variables use the values from
<EM>nterm
</EM>. It returns
162 the old value of
<STRONG>cur_term
</STRONG>.
164 The
<STRONG>del_curterm
</STRONG> routine frees the space pointed to by
165 <EM>oterm
</EM> and makes it available for further use. If
<EM>oterm
</EM> is
166 the same as
<STRONG>cur_term
</STRONG>, references to any of the
<STRONG>terminfo
</STRONG>
167 boolean, numeric, and string variables thereafter may re-
168 fer to invalid memory locations until another
<STRONG>setupterm
</STRONG>
171 The
<STRONG>restartterm
</STRONG> routine is similar to
<STRONG>setupterm
</STRONG> and
172 <STRONG>initscr
</STRONG>, except that it is called after restoring memory
173 to a previous state (for example, when reloading a game
174 saved as a core image dump). It assumes that the windows
175 and the input and output options are the same as when mem-
176 ory was saved, but the terminal type and baud rate may be
177 different. Accordingly, it saves various tty state bits,
178 calls
<STRONG>setupterm
</STRONG>, and then restores the bits.
180 The
<STRONG>tparm
</STRONG> routine instantiates the string
<EM>str
</EM> with parame-
181 ters
<EM>pi
</EM>. A pointer is returned to the result of
<EM>str
</EM> with
182 the parameters applied.
184 <STRONG>tiparm
</STRONG> is a newer form of
<STRONG>tparm
</STRONG> which uses
<EM><stdarg.h
></EM>
185 rather than a fixed-parameter list. Its numeric parame-
186 ters are integers (int) rather than longs.
188 The
<STRONG>tputs
</STRONG> routine applies padding information to the
189 string
<EM>str
</EM> and outputs it. The
<EM>str
</EM> must be a terminfo
190 string variable or the return value from
<STRONG>tparm
</STRONG>,
<STRONG>tgetstr
</STRONG>,
191 or
<STRONG>tgoto
</STRONG>.
<EM>affcnt
</EM> is the number of lines affected, or
1 if
192 not applicable.
<EM>putc
</EM> is a
<STRONG>putchar
</STRONG>-like routine to which
193 the characters are passed, one at a time.
195 The
<STRONG>putp
</STRONG> routine calls
<STRONG>tputs(
</STRONG><EM>str
</EM><STRONG>,
</STRONG> <STRONG>1,
</STRONG> <STRONG>putchar)
</STRONG>. Note that
196 the output of
<STRONG>putp
</STRONG> always goes to
<STRONG>stdout
</STRONG>, not to the
197 <EM>fildes
</EM> specified in
<STRONG>setupterm
</STRONG>.
199 The
<STRONG>vidputs
</STRONG> routine displays the string on the terminal in
200 the video attribute mode
<EM>attrs
</EM>, which is any combination
201 of the attributes listed in
<STRONG><A HREF=
"ncurses.3x.html">curses(
3x)
</A></STRONG>. The characters
202 are passed to the
<STRONG>putchar
</STRONG>-like routine
<EM>putc
</EM>.
204 The
<STRONG>vidattr
</STRONG> routine is like the
<STRONG>vidputs
</STRONG> routine, except
205 that it outputs through
<STRONG>putchar
</STRONG>.
207 The
<STRONG>vid_attr
</STRONG> and
<STRONG>vid_puts
</STRONG> routines correspond to vidattr
208 and vidputs, respectively. They use a set of arguments
209 for representing the video attributes plus color, i.e.,
210 one of type attr_t for the attributes and one of short for
211 the color_pair number. The
<STRONG>vid_attr
</STRONG> and
<STRONG>vid_puts
</STRONG> routines
212 are designed to use the attribute constants with the
<EM>WA
</EM><STRONG>_
</STRONG>
213 prefix. The opts argument is reserved for future use.
214 Currently, applications must provide a null pointer for
217 The
<STRONG>mvcur
</STRONG> routine provides low-level cursor motion. It
218 takes effect immediately (rather than at the next re-
221 The
<STRONG>tigetflag
</STRONG>,
<STRONG>tigetnum
</STRONG> and
<STRONG>tigetstr
</STRONG> routines return the
222 value of the capability corresponding to the
<STRONG>terminfo
</STRONG> <EM>cap-
</EM>
223 <EM>name
</EM> passed to them, such as
<STRONG>xenl
</STRONG>.
225 The
<STRONG>tigetflag
</STRONG> routine returns the value
<STRONG>-
1</STRONG> if
<EM>capname
</EM> is
226 not a boolean capability, or
<STRONG>0</STRONG> if it is canceled or absent
227 from the terminal description.
229 The
<STRONG>tigetnum
</STRONG> routine returns the value
<STRONG>-
2</STRONG> if
<EM>capname
</EM> is
230 not a numeric capability, or
<STRONG>-
1</STRONG> if it is canceled or ab-
231 sent from the terminal description.
233 The
<STRONG>tigetstr
</STRONG> routine returns the value
<STRONG>(char
</STRONG> <STRONG>*)-
1</STRONG> if
<EM>cap-
</EM>
234 <EM>name
</EM> is not a string capability, or
<STRONG>0</STRONG> if it is canceled or
235 absent from the terminal description.
237 The
<EM>capname
</EM> for each capability is given in the table col-
238 umn entitled
<EM>capname
</EM> code in the capabilities section of
239 <STRONG><A HREF=
"terminfo.5.html">terminfo(
5)
</A></STRONG>.
241 <STRONG>char
</STRONG> <STRONG>*boolnames[]
</STRONG>,
<STRONG>*boolcodes[]
</STRONG>,
<STRONG>*boolfnames[]
</STRONG>
243 <STRONG>char
</STRONG> <STRONG>*numnames[]
</STRONG>,
<STRONG>*numcodes[]
</STRONG>,
<STRONG>*numfnames[]
</STRONG>
245 <STRONG>char
</STRONG> <STRONG>*strnames[]
</STRONG>,
<STRONG>*strcodes[]
</STRONG>,
<STRONG>*strfnames[]
</STRONG>
247 These null-terminated arrays contain the
<EM>capnames
</EM>, the
248 <STRONG>termcap
</STRONG> codes, and the full C names, for each of the
<STRONG>ter-
</STRONG>
249 <STRONG>minfo
</STRONG> variables.
253 <H2>RETURN VALUE
</H2><PRE>
254 Routines that return an integer return
<STRONG>ERR
</STRONG> upon failure
255 and
<STRONG>OK
</STRONG> (SVr4 only specifies
"an integer value other than
256 <STRONG>ERR</STRONG>") upon successful completion, unless otherwise noted
257 in the preceding routine descriptions.
259 Routines that return pointers always return
<STRONG>NULL
</STRONG> on error.
261 X/Open defines no error conditions. In this implementa-
264 <STRONG>del_curterm
</STRONG>
265 returns an error if its terminal parameter is
268 <STRONG>putp
</STRONG> calls
<STRONG>tputs
</STRONG>, returning the same error-codes.
270 <STRONG>restartterm
</STRONG>
271 returns an error if the associated call to
<STRONG>se-
</STRONG>
272 <STRONG>tupterm
</STRONG> returns an error.
274 <STRONG>setupterm
</STRONG>
275 returns an error if it cannot allocate enough
276 memory, or create the initial windows (stdscr,
277 curscr, newscr). Other error conditions are
280 <STRONG>tputs
</STRONG>
281 returns an error if the string parameter is
282 null. It does not detect I/O errors: X/Open
283 states that
<STRONG>tputs
</STRONG> ignores the return value of
284 the output function
<EM>putc
</EM>.
289 The
<STRONG>setupterm
</STRONG> routine should be used in place of
<STRONG>setterm
</STRONG>.
290 It may be useful when you want to test for terminal capa-
291 bilities without committing to the allocation of storage
292 involved in
<STRONG>initscr
</STRONG>.
294 Note that
<STRONG>vidattr
</STRONG> and
<STRONG>vidputs
</STRONG> may be macros.
298 <H2>PORTABILITY
</H2><PRE>
299 The function
<STRONG>setterm
</STRONG> is not described by X/Open and must
300 be considered non-portable. All other functions are as
303 <STRONG>setupterm
</STRONG> copies the terminal name to the array
<STRONG>ttytype
</STRONG>.
304 This is not part of X/Open Curses, but is assumed by some
307 In System V Release
4,
<STRONG>set_curterm
</STRONG> has an
<STRONG>int
</STRONG> return type
308 and returns
<STRONG>OK
</STRONG> or
<STRONG>ERR
</STRONG>. We have chosen to implement the
309 X/Open Curses semantics.
311 In System V Release
4, the third argument of
<STRONG>tputs
</STRONG> has the
312 type
<STRONG>int
</STRONG> <STRONG>(*putc)(char)
</STRONG>.
314 At least one implementation of X/Open Curses (Solaris) re-
315 turns a value other than OK/ERR from
<STRONG>tputs
</STRONG>. That returns
316 the length of the string, and does no error-checking.
318 X/Open Curses prototypes
<STRONG>tparm
</STRONG> with a fixed number of pa-
319 rameters, rather than a variable argument list. This im-
320 plementation uses a variable argument list, but can be
321 configured to use the fixed-parameter list. Portable ap-
322 plications should provide
9 parameters after the format;
323 zeroes are fine for this purpose.
325 In response to comments by Thomas E. Dickey, X/Open Curses
326 Issue
7 proposed the
<STRONG>tiparam
</STRONG> function in mid-
2009.
328 X/Open notes that after calling
<STRONG>mvcur
</STRONG>, the curses state
329 may not match the actual terminal state, and that an ap-
330 plication should touch and refresh the window before re-
331 suming normal curses calls. Both ncurses and System V Re-
332 lease
4 curses implement
<STRONG>mvcur
</STRONG> using the SCREEN data allo-
333 cated in either
<STRONG>initscr
</STRONG> or
<STRONG>newterm
</STRONG>. So though it is docu-
334 mented as a terminfo function,
<STRONG>mvcur
</STRONG> is really a curses
335 function which is not well specified.
337 X/Open states that the old location must be given for
338 <STRONG>mvcur
</STRONG>. This implementation allows the caller to use -
1's
339 for the old ordinates. In that case, the old location is
342 Extended terminal capability names, e.g., as defined by
343 <STRONG>tic
</STRONG> <STRONG>-x
</STRONG>, are not stored in the arrays described in this
348 <H2>SEE ALSO
</H2><PRE>
349 <STRONG><A HREF=
"ncurses.3x.html">curses(
3x)
</A></STRONG>,
<STRONG><A HREF=
"curs_initscr.3x.html">curs_initscr(
3x)
</A></STRONG>,
<STRONG><A HREF=
"curs_kernel.3x.html">curs_kernel(
3x)
</A></STRONG>,
<STRONG>curs_term-
</STRONG>
350 <STRONG><A HREF=
"curs_termcap.3x.html">cap(
3x)
</A></STRONG>,
<STRONG><A HREF=
"curs_variables.3x.html">curs_variables(
3x)
</A></STRONG>,
<STRONG><A HREF=
"term_variables.3x.html">term_variables(
3x)
</A></STRONG>,
<STRONG><A HREF=
"putc.3.html">putc(
3)
</A></STRONG>,
351 <STRONG><A HREF=
"terminfo.5.html">terminfo(
5)
</A></STRONG>
355 <STRONG><A HREF=
"curs_terminfo.3x.html">curs_terminfo(
3x)
</A></STRONG>
359 Man(
1) output converted with
360 <a href=
"http://www.oac.uci.edu/indiv/ehood/man2html.html">man2html
</a>