Expand format variables in the run-shell and if-shell shell commands,

[tmux-openbsd.git] / cmd.c

/* $OpenBSD$ */

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicm@users.sourceforge.net>
 *
 * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
 * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
 * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
 * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
 * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
 * ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
 * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF MIND, USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER
 * IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING
 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
 */

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/time.h>

#include <fnmatch.h>
#include <paths.h>
#include <pwd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#include "tmux.h"

const struct cmd_entry *cmd_table[] = {
        &cmd_attach_session_entry,
        &cmd_bind_key_entry,
        &cmd_break_pane_entry,
        &cmd_capture_pane_entry,
        &cmd_choose_buffer_entry,
        &cmd_choose_client_entry,
        &cmd_choose_list_entry,
        &cmd_choose_session_entry,
        &cmd_choose_tree_entry,
        &cmd_choose_window_entry,
        &cmd_clear_history_entry,
        &cmd_clock_mode_entry,
        &cmd_command_prompt_entry,
        &cmd_confirm_before_entry,
        &cmd_copy_mode_entry,
        &cmd_delete_buffer_entry,
        &cmd_detach_client_entry,
        &cmd_display_message_entry,
        &cmd_display_panes_entry,
        &cmd_find_window_entry,
        &cmd_has_session_entry,
        &cmd_if_shell_entry,
        &cmd_join_pane_entry,
        &cmd_kill_pane_entry,
        &cmd_kill_server_entry,
        &cmd_kill_session_entry,
        &cmd_kill_window_entry,
        &cmd_last_pane_entry,
        &cmd_last_window_entry,
        &cmd_link_window_entry,
        &cmd_list_buffers_entry,
        &cmd_list_clients_entry,
        &cmd_list_commands_entry,
        &cmd_list_keys_entry,
        &cmd_list_panes_entry,
        &cmd_list_sessions_entry,
        &cmd_list_windows_entry,
        &cmd_load_buffer_entry,
        &cmd_lock_client_entry,
        &cmd_lock_server_entry,
        &cmd_lock_session_entry,
        &cmd_move_pane_entry,
        &cmd_move_window_entry,
        &cmd_new_session_entry,
        &cmd_new_window_entry,
        &cmd_next_layout_entry,
        &cmd_next_window_entry,
        &cmd_paste_buffer_entry,
        &cmd_pipe_pane_entry,
        &cmd_previous_layout_entry,
        &cmd_previous_window_entry,
        &cmd_refresh_client_entry,
        &cmd_rename_session_entry,
        &cmd_rename_window_entry,
        &cmd_resize_pane_entry,
        &cmd_respawn_pane_entry,
        &cmd_respawn_window_entry,
        &cmd_rotate_window_entry,
        &cmd_run_shell_entry,
        &cmd_save_buffer_entry,
        &cmd_select_layout_entry,
        &cmd_select_pane_entry,
        &cmd_select_window_entry,
        &cmd_send_keys_entry,
        &cmd_send_prefix_entry,
        &cmd_server_info_entry,
        &cmd_set_buffer_entry,
        &cmd_set_environment_entry,
        &cmd_set_option_entry,
        &cmd_set_window_option_entry,
        &cmd_show_buffer_entry,
        &cmd_show_environment_entry,
        &cmd_show_messages_entry,
        &cmd_show_options_entry,
        &cmd_show_window_options_entry,
        &cmd_source_file_entry,
        &cmd_split_window_entry,
        &cmd_start_server_entry,
        &cmd_suspend_client_entry,
        &cmd_swap_pane_entry,
        &cmd_swap_window_entry,
        &cmd_switch_client_entry,
        &cmd_unbind_key_entry,
        &cmd_unlink_window_entry,
        NULL
};

int              cmd_session_better(struct session *, struct session *, int);
struct session  *cmd_choose_session_list(struct sessionslist *);
struct session  *cmd_choose_session(int);
struct client   *cmd_choose_client(struct clients *);
struct client   *cmd_lookup_client(const char *);
struct session  *cmd_lookup_session(const char *, int *);
struct winlink  *cmd_lookup_window(struct session *, const char *, int *);
int              cmd_lookup_index(struct session *, const char *, int *);
struct window_pane *cmd_lookup_paneid(const char *);
struct winlink  *cmd_lookup_winlink_windowid(struct session *, const char *);
struct window   *cmd_lookup_windowid(const char *);
struct session  *cmd_window_session(struct cmd_ctx *,
                    struct window *, struct winlink **);
struct winlink  *cmd_find_window_offset(const char *, struct session *, int *);
int              cmd_find_index_offset(const char *, struct session *, int *);
struct window_pane *cmd_find_pane_offset(const char *, struct winlink *);

struct cmd_ctx *
cmd_get_ctx(struct client *cmdclient, struct client *curclient)
{
        struct cmd_ctx  *ctx;

        ctx = xcalloc(1, sizeof *ctx);
        ctx->references = 0;

        ctx->cmdclient = cmdclient;
        ctx->curclient = curclient;

        cmd_ref_ctx(ctx);
        return (ctx);
}

void
cmd_free_ctx(struct cmd_ctx *ctx)
{
        if (ctx->cmdclient != NULL)
                ctx->cmdclient->references--;
        if (ctx->curclient != NULL)
                ctx->curclient->references--;
        if (--ctx->references == 0)
                free(ctx);
}

void
cmd_ref_ctx(struct cmd_ctx *ctx)
{
        ctx->references++;
        if (ctx->cmdclient != NULL)
                ctx->cmdclient->references++;
        if (ctx->curclient != NULL)
                ctx->curclient->references++;
}

int
cmd_pack_argv(int argc, char **argv, char *buf, size_t len)
{
        size_t  arglen;
        int     i;

        *buf = '\0';
        for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
                if (strlcpy(buf, argv[i], len) >= len)
                        return (-1);
                arglen = strlen(argv[i]) + 1;
                buf += arglen;
                len -= arglen;
        }

        return (0);
}

int
cmd_unpack_argv(char *buf, size_t len, int argc, char ***argv)
{
        int     i;
        size_t  arglen;

        if (argc == 0)
                return (0);
        *argv = xcalloc(argc, sizeof **argv);

        buf[len - 1] = '\0';
        for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
                if (len == 0) {
                        cmd_free_argv(argc, *argv);
                        return (-1);
                }

                arglen = strlen(buf) + 1;
                (*argv)[i] = xstrdup(buf);
                buf += arglen;
                len -= arglen;
        }

        return (0);
}

char **
cmd_copy_argv(int argc, char *const *argv)
{
        char    **new_argv;
        int       i;

        if (argc == 0)
                return (NULL);
        new_argv = xcalloc(argc, sizeof *new_argv);
        for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
                if (argv[i] != NULL)
                        new_argv[i] = xstrdup(argv[i]);
        }
        return (new_argv);
}

void
cmd_free_argv(int argc, char **argv)
{
        int     i;

        if (argc == 0)
                return;
        for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
                free(argv[i]);
        free(argv);
}

struct cmd *
cmd_parse(int argc, char **argv, char **cause)
{
        const struct cmd_entry **entryp, *entry;
        struct cmd              *cmd;
        struct args             *args;
        char                     s[BUFSIZ];
        int                      ambiguous = 0;

        *cause = NULL;
        if (argc == 0) {
                xasprintf(cause, "no command");
                return (NULL);
        }

        entry = NULL;
        for (entryp = cmd_table; *entryp != NULL; entryp++) {
                if ((*entryp)->alias != NULL &&
                    strcmp((*entryp)->alias, argv[0]) == 0) {
                        ambiguous = 0;
                        entry = *entryp;
                        break;
                }

                if (strncmp((*entryp)->name, argv[0], strlen(argv[0])) != 0)
                        continue;
                if (entry != NULL)
                        ambiguous = 1;
                entry = *entryp;

                /* Bail now if an exact match. */
                if (strcmp(entry->name, argv[0]) == 0)
                        break;
        }
        if (ambiguous)
                goto ambiguous;
        if (entry == NULL) {
                xasprintf(cause, "unknown command: %s", argv[0]);
                return (NULL);
        }

        args = args_parse(entry->args_template, argc, argv);
        if (args == NULL)
                goto usage;
        if (entry->args_lower != -1 && args->argc < entry->args_lower)
                goto usage;
        if (entry->args_upper != -1 && args->argc > entry->args_upper)
                goto usage;
        if (entry->check != NULL && entry->check(args) != 0)
                goto usage;

        cmd = xmalloc(sizeof *cmd);
        cmd->entry = entry;
        cmd->args = args;
        return (cmd);

ambiguous:
        *s = '\0';
        for (entryp = cmd_table; *entryp != NULL; entryp++) {
                if (strncmp((*entryp)->name, argv[0], strlen(argv[0])) != 0)
                        continue;
                if (strlcat(s, (*entryp)->name, sizeof s) >= sizeof s)
                        break;
                if (strlcat(s, ", ", sizeof s) >= sizeof s)
                        break;
        }
        s[strlen(s) - 2] = '\0';
        xasprintf(cause, "ambiguous command: %s, could be: %s", argv[0], s);
        return (NULL);

usage:
        if (args != NULL)
                args_free(args);
        xasprintf(cause, "usage: %s %s", entry->name, entry->usage);
        return (NULL);
}

size_t
cmd_print(struct cmd *cmd, char *buf, size_t len)
{
        size_t  off, used;

        off = xsnprintf(buf, len, "%s ", cmd->entry->name);
        if (off < len) {
                used = args_print(cmd->args, buf + off, len - off);
                if (used == 0)
                        off--;
                else
                        off += used;
                buf[off] = '\0';
        }
        return (off);
}

/*
 * Figure out the current session. Use: 1) the current session, if the command
 * context has one; 2) the most recently used session containing the pty of the
 * calling client, if any; 3) the session specified in the TMUX variable from
 * the environment (as passed from the client); 4) the most recently used
 * session from all sessions.
 */
struct session *
cmd_current_session(struct cmd_ctx *ctx, int prefer_unattached)
{
        struct msg_command_data *data = ctx->msgdata;
        struct client           *c = ctx->cmdclient;
        struct session          *s;
        struct sessionslist      ss;
        struct winlink          *wl;
        struct window_pane      *wp;
        int                      found;

        if (ctx->curclient != NULL && ctx->curclient->session != NULL)
                return (ctx->curclient->session);

        /*
         * If the name of the calling client's pty is know, build a list of the
         * sessions that contain it and if any choose either the first or the
         * newest.
         */
        if (c != NULL && c->tty.path != NULL) {
                ARRAY_INIT(&ss);
                RB_FOREACH(s, sessions, &sessions) {
                        found = 0;
                        RB_FOREACH(wl, winlinks, &s->windows) {
                                TAILQ_FOREACH(wp, &wl->window->panes, entry) {
                                        if (strcmp(wp->tty, c->tty.path) == 0) {
                                                found = 1;
                                                break;
                                        }
                                }
                                if (found)
                                        break;
                        }
                        if (found)
                                ARRAY_ADD(&ss, s);
                }

                s = cmd_choose_session_list(&ss);
                ARRAY_FREE(&ss);
                if (s != NULL)
                        return (s);
        }

        /* Use the session from the TMUX environment variable. */
        if (data != NULL && data->pid == getpid() && data->idx != -1) {
                s = session_find_by_index(data->idx);
                if (s != NULL)
                        return (s);
        }

        return (cmd_choose_session(prefer_unattached));
}

/* Is this session better? */
int
cmd_session_better(struct session *s, struct session *best,
    int prefer_unattached)
{
        if (best == NULL)
                return (1);
        if (prefer_unattached) {
                if (!(best->flags & SESSION_UNATTACHED) &&
                    (s->flags & SESSION_UNATTACHED))
                        return (1);
                else if ((best->flags & SESSION_UNATTACHED) &&
                    !(s->flags & SESSION_UNATTACHED))
                        return (0);
        }
        return (timercmp(&s->activity_time, &best->activity_time, >));
}

/*
 * Find the most recently used session, preferring unattached if the flag is
 * set.
 */
struct session *
cmd_choose_session(int prefer_unattached)
{
        struct session  *s, *best;

        best = NULL;
        RB_FOREACH(s, sessions, &sessions) {
                if (cmd_session_better(s, best, prefer_unattached))
                        best = s;
        }
        return (best);
}

/* Find the most recently used session from a list. */
struct session *
cmd_choose_session_list(struct sessionslist *ss)
{
        struct session  *s, *sbest;
        struct timeval  *tv = NULL;
        u_int            i;

        sbest = NULL;
        for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_LENGTH(ss); i++) {
                if ((s = ARRAY_ITEM(ss, i)) == NULL)
                        continue;

                if (tv == NULL || timercmp(&s->activity_time, tv, >)) {
                        sbest = s;
                        tv = &s->activity_time;
                }
        }

        return (sbest);
}

/*
 * Find the current client. First try the current client if set, then pick the
 * most recently used of the clients attached to the current session if any,
 * then of all clients.
 */
struct client *
cmd_current_client(struct cmd_ctx *ctx)
{
        struct session          *s;
        struct client           *c;
        struct clients           cc;
        u_int                    i;

        if (ctx->curclient != NULL)
                return (ctx->curclient);

        /*
         * No current client set. Find the current session and return the
         * newest of its clients.
         */
        s = cmd_current_session(ctx, 0);
        if (s != NULL && !(s->flags & SESSION_UNATTACHED)) {
                ARRAY_INIT(&cc);
                for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_LENGTH(&clients); i++) {
                        if ((c = ARRAY_ITEM(&clients, i)) == NULL)
                                continue;
                        if (s == c->session)
                                ARRAY_ADD(&cc, c);
                }

                c = cmd_choose_client(&cc);
                ARRAY_FREE(&cc);
                if (c != NULL)
                        return (c);
        }

        return (cmd_choose_client(&clients));
}

/* Choose the most recently used client from a list. */
struct client *
cmd_choose_client(struct clients *cc)
{
        struct client   *c, *cbest;
        struct timeval  *tv = NULL;
        u_int            i;

        cbest = NULL;
        for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_LENGTH(cc); i++) {
                if ((c = ARRAY_ITEM(cc, i)) == NULL)
                        continue;
                if (c->session == NULL)
                        continue;

                if (tv == NULL || timercmp(&c->activity_time, tv, >)) {
                        cbest = c;
                        tv = &c->activity_time;
                }
        }

        return (cbest);
}

/* Find the target client or report an error and return NULL. */
struct client *
cmd_find_client(struct cmd_ctx *ctx, const char *arg, int quiet)
{
        struct client   *c;
        char            *tmparg;
        size_t           arglen;

        /* A NULL argument means the current client. */
        if (arg == NULL) {
                c = cmd_current_client(ctx);
                if (c == NULL && !quiet)
                        ctx->error(ctx, "no clients");
                return (c);
        }
        tmparg = xstrdup(arg);

        /* Trim a single trailing colon if any. */
        arglen = strlen(tmparg);
        if (arglen != 0 && tmparg[arglen - 1] == ':')
                tmparg[arglen - 1] = '\0';

        /* Find the client, if any. */
        c = cmd_lookup_client(tmparg);

        /* If no client found, report an error. */
        if (c == NULL && !quiet)
                ctx->error(ctx, "client not found: %s", tmparg);

        free(tmparg);
        return (c);
}

/*
 * Lookup a client by device path. Either of a full match and a match without a
 * leading _PATH_DEV ("/dev/") is accepted.
 */
struct client *
cmd_lookup_client(const char *name)
{
        struct client   *c;
        const char      *path;
        u_int            i;

        for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_LENGTH(&clients); i++) {
                c = ARRAY_ITEM(&clients, i);
                if (c == NULL || c->session == NULL)
                        continue;
                path = c->tty.path;

                /* Check for exact matches. */
                if (strcmp(name, path) == 0)
                        return (c);

                /* Check without leading /dev if present. */
                if (strncmp(path, _PATH_DEV, (sizeof _PATH_DEV) - 1) != 0)
                        continue;
                if (strcmp(name, path + (sizeof _PATH_DEV) - 1) == 0)
                        return (c);
        }

        return (NULL);
}

/* Lookup a session by name. If no session is found, NULL is returned. */
struct session *
cmd_lookup_session(const char *name, int *ambiguous)
{
        struct session  *s, *sfound;

        *ambiguous = 0;

        /*
         * Look for matches. First look for exact matches - session names must
         * be unique so an exact match can't be ambigious and can just be
         * returned.
         */
        if ((s = session_find(name)) != NULL)
                return (s);

        /*
         * Otherwise look for partial matches, returning early if it is found to
         * be ambiguous.
         */
        sfound = NULL;
        RB_FOREACH(s, sessions, &sessions) {
                if (strncmp(name, s->name, strlen(name)) == 0 ||
                    fnmatch(name, s->name, 0) == 0) {
                        if (sfound != NULL) {
                                *ambiguous = 1;
                                return (NULL);
                        }
                        sfound = s;
                }
        }
        return (sfound);
}

/*
 * Lookup a window or return -1 if not found or ambigious. First try as an
 * index and if invalid, use fnmatch or leading prefix. Return NULL but fill in
 * idx if the window index is a valid number but there is no window with that
 * index.
 */
struct winlink *
cmd_lookup_window(struct session *s, const char *name, int *ambiguous)
{
        struct winlink  *wl, *wlfound;
        const char      *errstr;
        u_int            idx;

        *ambiguous = 0;

        /* Try as a window id. */
        if ((wl = cmd_lookup_winlink_windowid(s, name)) != NULL)
            return (wl);

        /* First see if this is a valid window index in this session. */
        idx = strtonum(name, 0, INT_MAX, &errstr);
        if (errstr == NULL) {
                if ((wl = winlink_find_by_index(&s->windows, idx)) != NULL)
                        return (wl);
        }

        /* Look for exact matches, error if more than one. */
        wlfound = NULL;
        RB_FOREACH(wl, winlinks, &s->windows) {
                if (strcmp(name, wl->window->name) == 0) {
                        if (wlfound != NULL) {
                                *ambiguous = 1;
                                return (NULL);
                        }
                        wlfound = wl;
                }
        }
        if (wlfound != NULL)
                return (wlfound);

        /* Now look for pattern matches, again error if multiple. */
        wlfound = NULL;
        RB_FOREACH(wl, winlinks, &s->windows) {
                if (strncmp(name, wl->window->name, strlen(name)) == 0 ||
                    fnmatch(name, wl->window->name, 0) == 0) {
                        if (wlfound != NULL) {
                                *ambiguous = 1;
                                return (NULL);
                        }
                        wlfound = wl;
                }
        }
        if (wlfound != NULL)
                return (wlfound);

        return (NULL);
}

/*
 * Find a window index - if the window doesn't exist, check if it is a
 * potential index and return it anyway.
 */
int
cmd_lookup_index(struct session *s, const char *name, int *ambiguous)
{
        struct winlink  *wl;
        const char      *errstr;
        u_int            idx;

        if ((wl = cmd_lookup_window(s, name, ambiguous)) != NULL)
                return (wl->idx);
        if (*ambiguous)
                return (-1);

        idx = strtonum(name, 0, INT_MAX, &errstr);
        if (errstr == NULL)
                return (idx);

        return (-1);
}

/* Lookup pane id. An initial % means a pane id. */
struct window_pane *
cmd_lookup_paneid(const char *arg)
{
        const char      *errstr;
        u_int            paneid;

        if (*arg != '%')
                return (NULL);

        paneid = strtonum(arg + 1, 0, UINT_MAX, &errstr);
        if (errstr != NULL)
                return (NULL);
        return (window_pane_find_by_id(paneid));
}

/* Lookup window id in a session. An initial @ means a window id. */
struct winlink *
cmd_lookup_winlink_windowid(struct session *s, const char *arg)
{
        const char      *errstr;
        u_int            windowid;

        if (*arg != '@')
                return (NULL);

        windowid = strtonum(arg + 1, 0, UINT_MAX, &errstr);
        if (errstr != NULL)
                return (NULL);
        return (winlink_find_by_window_id(&s->windows, windowid));
}

/* Lookup window id. An initial @ means a window id. */
struct window *
cmd_lookup_windowid(const char *arg)
{
        const char      *errstr;
        u_int            windowid;

        if (*arg != '@')
                return (NULL);

        windowid = strtonum(arg + 1, 0, UINT_MAX, &errstr);
        if (errstr != NULL)
                return (NULL);
        return (window_find_by_id(windowid));
}

/* Find session and winlink for window. */
struct session *
cmd_window_session(struct cmd_ctx *ctx, struct window *w, struct winlink **wlp)
{
        struct session          *s;
        struct sessionslist      ss;
        struct winlink          *wl;

        /* If this window is in the current session, return that winlink. */
        s = cmd_current_session(ctx, 0);
        if (s != NULL) {
                wl = winlink_find_by_window(&s->windows, w);
                if (wl != NULL) {
                        if (wlp != NULL)
                                *wlp = wl;
                        return (s);
                }
        }

        /* Otherwise choose from all sessions with this window. */
        ARRAY_INIT(&ss);
        RB_FOREACH(s, sessions, &sessions) {
                if (winlink_find_by_window(&s->windows, w) != NULL)
                        ARRAY_ADD(&ss, s);
        }
        s = cmd_choose_session_list(&ss);
        ARRAY_FREE(&ss);
        if (wlp != NULL)
                *wlp = winlink_find_by_window(&s->windows, w);
        return (s);
}

/* Find the target session or report an error and return NULL. */
struct session *
cmd_find_session(struct cmd_ctx *ctx, const char *arg, int prefer_unattached)
{
        struct session          *s;
        struct window_pane      *wp;
        struct window           *w;
        struct client           *c;
        char                    *tmparg;
        size_t                   arglen;
        int                      ambiguous;

        /* A NULL argument means the current session. */
        if (arg == NULL)
                return (cmd_current_session(ctx, prefer_unattached));

        /* Lookup as pane id or window id. */
        if ((wp = cmd_lookup_paneid(arg)) != NULL)
                return (cmd_window_session(ctx, wp->window, NULL));
        if ((w = cmd_lookup_windowid(arg)) != NULL)
                return (cmd_window_session(ctx, w, NULL));

        /* Trim a single trailing colon if any. */
        tmparg = xstrdup(arg);
        arglen = strlen(tmparg);
        if (arglen != 0 && tmparg[arglen - 1] == ':')
                tmparg[arglen - 1] = '\0';

        /* An empty session name is the current session. */
        if (*tmparg == '\0') {
                free(tmparg);
                return (cmd_current_session(ctx, prefer_unattached));
        }

        /* Find the session, if any. */
        s = cmd_lookup_session(tmparg, &ambiguous);

        /* If it doesn't, try to match it as a client. */
        if (s == NULL && (c = cmd_lookup_client(tmparg)) != NULL)
                s = c->session;

        /* If no session found, report an error. */
        if (s == NULL) {
                if (ambiguous)
                        ctx->error(ctx, "more than one session: %s", tmparg);
                else
                        ctx->error(ctx, "session not found: %s", tmparg);
        }

        free(tmparg);
        return (s);
}

/* Find the target session and window or report an error and return NULL. */
struct winlink *
cmd_find_window(struct cmd_ctx *ctx, const char *arg, struct session **sp)
{
        struct session          *s;
        struct winlink          *wl;
        struct window_pane      *wp;
        const char              *winptr;
        char                    *sessptr = NULL;
        int                      ambiguous = 0;

        /*
         * Find the current session. There must always be a current session, if
         * it can't be found, report an error.
         */
        if ((s = cmd_current_session(ctx, 0)) == NULL) {
                ctx->error(ctx, "can't establish current session");
                return (NULL);
        }

        /* A NULL argument means the current session and window. */
        if (arg == NULL) {
                if (sp != NULL)
                        *sp = s;
                return (s->curw);
        }

        /* Lookup as pane id. */
        if ((wp = cmd_lookup_paneid(arg)) != NULL) {
                s = cmd_window_session(ctx, wp->window, &wl);
                if (sp != NULL)
                        *sp = s;
                return (wl);
        }

        /* Time to look at the argument. If it is empty, that is an error. */
        if (*arg == '\0')
                goto not_found;

        /* Find the separating colon and split into window and session. */
        winptr = strchr(arg, ':');
        if (winptr == NULL)
                goto no_colon;
        winptr++;       /* skip : */
        sessptr = xstrdup(arg);
        *strchr(sessptr, ':') = '\0';

        /* Try to lookup the session if present. */
        if (*sessptr != '\0') {
                if ((s = cmd_lookup_session(sessptr, &ambiguous)) == NULL)
                        goto no_session;
        }
        if (sp != NULL)
                *sp = s;

        /*
         * Then work out the window. An empty string is the current window,
         * otherwise try special cases then to look it up in the session.
         */
        if (*winptr == '\0')
                wl = s->curw;
        else if (winptr[0] == '!' && winptr[1] == '\0')
                wl = TAILQ_FIRST(&s->lastw);
        else if (winptr[0] == '^' && winptr[1] == '\0')
                wl = RB_MIN(winlinks, &s->windows);
        else if (winptr[0] == '$' && winptr[1] == '\0')
                wl = RB_MAX(winlinks, &s->windows);
        else if (winptr[0] == '+' || winptr[0] == '-')
                wl = cmd_find_window_offset(winptr, s, &ambiguous);
        else
                wl = cmd_lookup_window(s, winptr, &ambiguous);
        if (wl == NULL)
                goto not_found;

        if (sessptr != NULL)
                free(sessptr);
        return (wl);

no_colon:
        /*
         * No colon in the string, first try special cases, then as a window
         * and lastly as a session.
         */
        if (arg[0] == '!' && arg[1] == '\0') {
                if ((wl = TAILQ_FIRST(&s->lastw)) == NULL)
                        goto not_found;
        } else if (arg[0] == '+' || arg[0] == '-') {
                if ((wl = cmd_find_window_offset(arg, s, &ambiguous)) == NULL)
                        goto lookup_session;
        } else if ((wl = cmd_lookup_window(s, arg, &ambiguous)) == NULL)
                goto lookup_session;

        if (sp != NULL)
                *sp = s;

        return (wl);

lookup_session:
        if (ambiguous)
                goto not_found;
        if (*arg != '\0' && (s = cmd_lookup_session(arg, &ambiguous)) == NULL)
                goto no_session;

        if (sp != NULL)
                *sp = s;

        return (s->curw);

no_session:
        if (ambiguous)
                ctx->error(ctx, "multiple sessions: %s", arg);
        else
                ctx->error(ctx, "session not found: %s", arg);
        free(sessptr);
        return (NULL);

not_found:
        if (ambiguous)
                ctx->error(ctx, "multiple windows: %s", arg);
        else
                ctx->error(ctx, "window not found: %s", arg);
        free(sessptr);
        return (NULL);
}

struct winlink *
cmd_find_window_offset(const char *winptr, struct session *s, int *ambiguous)
{
        struct winlink  *wl;
        int              offset = 1;

        if (winptr[1] != '\0')
                offset = strtonum(winptr + 1, 1, INT_MAX, NULL);
        if (offset == 0)
                wl = cmd_lookup_window(s, winptr, ambiguous);
        else {
                if (winptr[0] == '+')
                        wl = winlink_next_by_number(s->curw, s, offset);
                else
                        wl = winlink_previous_by_number(s->curw, s, offset);
        }

        return (wl);
}

/*
 * Find the target session and window index, whether or not it exists in the
 * session. Return -2 on error or -1 if no window index is specified. This is
 * used when parsing an argument for a window target that may not exist (for
 * example if it is going to be created).
 */
int
cmd_find_index(struct cmd_ctx *ctx, const char *arg, struct session **sp)
{
        struct session  *s;
        struct winlink  *wl;
        const char      *winptr;
        char            *sessptr = NULL;
        int              idx, ambiguous = 0;

        /*
         * Find the current session. There must always be a current session, if
         * it can't be found, report an error.
         */
        if ((s = cmd_current_session(ctx, 0)) == NULL) {
                ctx->error(ctx, "can't establish current session");
                return (-2);
        }

        /* A NULL argument means the current session and "no window" (-1). */
        if (arg == NULL) {
                if (sp != NULL)
                        *sp = s;
                return (-1);
        }

        /* Time to look at the argument. If it is empty, that is an error. */
        if (*arg == '\0')
                goto not_found;

        /* Find the separating colon. If none, assume the current session. */
        winptr = strchr(arg, ':');
        if (winptr == NULL)
                goto no_colon;
        winptr++;       /* skip : */
        sessptr = xstrdup(arg);
        *strchr(sessptr, ':') = '\0';

        /* Try to lookup the session if present. */
        if (sessptr != NULL && *sessptr != '\0') {
                if ((s = cmd_lookup_session(sessptr, &ambiguous)) == NULL)
                        goto no_session;
        }
        if (sp != NULL)
                *sp = s;

        /*
         * Then work out the window. An empty string is a new window otherwise
         * try to look it up in the session.
         */
        if (*winptr == '\0')
                idx = -1;
        else if (winptr[0] == '!' && winptr[1] == '\0') {
                if ((wl = TAILQ_FIRST(&s->lastw)) == NULL)
                        goto not_found;
                idx = wl->idx;
        } else if (winptr[0] == '+' || winptr[0] == '-') {
                if ((idx = cmd_find_index_offset(winptr, s, &ambiguous)) < 0)
                        goto invalid_index;
        } else if ((idx = cmd_lookup_index(s, winptr, &ambiguous)) == -1)
                goto invalid_index;

        free(sessptr);
        return (idx);

no_colon:
        /*
         * No colon in the string, first try special cases, then as a window
         * and lastly as a session.
         */
        if (arg[0] == '!' && arg[1] == '\0') {
                if ((wl = TAILQ_FIRST(&s->lastw)) == NULL)
                        goto not_found;
                idx = wl->idx;
        } else if (arg[0] == '+' || arg[0] == '-') {
                if ((idx = cmd_find_index_offset(arg, s, &ambiguous)) < 0)
                        goto lookup_session;
        } else if ((idx = cmd_lookup_index(s, arg, &ambiguous)) == -1)
                goto lookup_session;

        if (sp != NULL)
                *sp = s;

        return (idx);

lookup_session:
        if (ambiguous)
                goto not_found;
        if (*arg != '\0' && (s = cmd_lookup_session(arg, &ambiguous)) == NULL)
                goto no_session;

        if (sp != NULL)
                *sp = s;

        return (-1);

no_session:
        if (ambiguous)
                ctx->error(ctx, "multiple sessions: %s", arg);
        else
                ctx->error(ctx, "session not found: %s", arg);
        free(sessptr);
        return (-2);

invalid_index:
        if (ambiguous)
                goto not_found;
        ctx->error(ctx, "invalid index: %s", arg);

        free(sessptr);
        return (-2);

not_found:
        if (ambiguous)
                ctx->error(ctx, "multiple windows: %s", arg);
        else
                ctx->error(ctx, "window not found: %s", arg);
        free(sessptr);
        return (-2);
}

int
cmd_find_index_offset(const char *winptr, struct session *s, int *ambiguous)
{
        int     idx, offset = 1;

        if (winptr[1] != '\0')
                offset = strtonum(winptr + 1, 1, INT_MAX, NULL);
        if (offset == 0)
                idx = cmd_lookup_index(s, winptr, ambiguous);
        else {
                if (winptr[0] == '+') {
                        if (s->curw->idx == INT_MAX)
                                idx = cmd_lookup_index(s, winptr, ambiguous);
                        else
                                idx = s->curw->idx + offset;
                } else {
                        if (s->curw->idx == 0)
                                idx = cmd_lookup_index(s, winptr, ambiguous);
                        else
                                idx = s->curw->idx - offset;
                }
        }

        return (idx);
}

/*
 * Find the target session, window and pane number or report an error and
 * return NULL. The pane number is separated from the session:window by a .,
 * such as mysession:mywindow.0.
 */
struct winlink *
cmd_find_pane(struct cmd_ctx *ctx,
    const char *arg, struct session **sp, struct window_pane **wpp)
{
        struct session  *s;
        struct winlink  *wl;
        const char      *period, *errstr;
        char            *winptr, *paneptr;
        u_int            idx;

        /* Get the current session. */
        if ((s = cmd_current_session(ctx, 0)) == NULL) {
                ctx->error(ctx, "can't establish current session");
                return (NULL);
        }
        if (sp != NULL)
                *sp = s;

        /* A NULL argument means the current session, window and pane. */
        if (arg == NULL) {
                *wpp = s->curw->window->active;
                return (s->curw);
        }

        /* Lookup as pane id. */
        if ((*wpp = cmd_lookup_paneid(arg)) != NULL) {
                s = cmd_window_session(ctx, (*wpp)->window, &wl);
                if (sp != NULL)
                        *sp = s;
                return (wl);
        }

        /* Look for a separating period. */
        if ((period = strrchr(arg, '.')) == NULL)
                goto no_period;

        /* Pull out the window part and parse it. */
        winptr = xstrdup(arg);
        winptr[period - arg] = '\0';
        if (*winptr == '\0')
                wl = s->curw;
        else if ((wl = cmd_find_window(ctx, winptr, sp)) == NULL)
                goto error;

        /* Find the pane section and look it up. */
        paneptr = winptr + (period - arg) + 1;
        if (*paneptr == '\0')
                *wpp = wl->window->active;
        else if (paneptr[0] == '+' || paneptr[0] == '-')
                *wpp = cmd_find_pane_offset(paneptr, wl);
        else {
                idx = strtonum(paneptr, 0, INT_MAX, &errstr);
                if (errstr != NULL)
                        goto lookup_string;
                *wpp = window_pane_at_index(wl->window, idx);
                if (*wpp == NULL)
                        goto lookup_string;
        }

        free(winptr);
        return (wl);

lookup_string:
        /* Try pane string description. */
        if ((*wpp = window_find_string(wl->window, paneptr)) == NULL) {
                ctx->error(ctx, "can't find pane: %s", paneptr);
                goto error;
        }

        free(winptr);
        return (wl);

no_period:
        /* Try as a pane number alone. */
        idx = strtonum(arg, 0, INT_MAX, &errstr);
        if (errstr != NULL)
                goto lookup_window;

        /* Try index in the current session and window. */
        if ((*wpp = window_pane_at_index(s->curw->window, idx)) == NULL)
                goto lookup_window;

        return (s->curw);

lookup_window:
        /* Try pane string description. */
        if ((*wpp = window_find_string(s->curw->window, arg)) != NULL)
                return (s->curw);

        /* Try as a window and use the active pane. */
        if ((wl = cmd_find_window(ctx, arg, sp)) != NULL)
                *wpp = wl->window->active;
        return (wl);

error:
        free(winptr);
        return (NULL);
}

struct window_pane *
cmd_find_pane_offset(const char *paneptr, struct winlink *wl)
{
        struct window           *w = wl->window;
        struct window_pane      *wp = w->active;
        u_int                    offset = 1;

        if (paneptr[1] != '\0')
                offset = strtonum(paneptr + 1, 1, INT_MAX, NULL);
        if (offset > 0) {
                if (paneptr[0] == '+')
                        wp = window_pane_next_by_number(w, wp, offset);
                else
                        wp = window_pane_previous_by_number(w, wp, offset);
        }

        return (wp);
}

/* Replace the first %% or %idx in template by s. */
char *
cmd_template_replace(const char *template, const char *s, int idx)
{
        char             ch, *buf;
        const char      *ptr;
        int              replaced;
        size_t           len;

        if (strchr(template, '%') == NULL)
                return (xstrdup(template));

        buf = xmalloc(1);
        *buf = '\0';
        len = 0;
        replaced = 0;

        ptr = template;
        while (*ptr != '\0') {
                switch (ch = *ptr++) {
                case '%':
                        if (*ptr < '1' || *ptr > '9' || *ptr - '0' != idx) {
                                if (*ptr != '%' || replaced)
                                        break;
                                replaced = 1;
                        }
                        ptr++;

                        len += strlen(s);
                        buf = xrealloc(buf, 1, len + 1);
                        strlcat(buf, s, len + 1);
                        continue;
                }
                buf = xrealloc(buf, 1, len + 2);
                buf[len++] = ch;
                buf[len] = '\0';
        }

        return (buf);
}

/*
 * Return the default path for a new pane, using the given path or the
 * default-path option if it is NULL. Several special values are accepted: the
 * empty string or relative path for the current pane's working directory, ~
 * for the user's home, - for the session working directory, . for the tmux
 * server's working directory. The default on failure is the session's working
 * directory.
 */
const char *
cmd_get_default_path(struct cmd_ctx *ctx, const char *cwd)
{
        struct session          *s;
        struct environ_entry    *envent;
        const char              *root;
        char                     tmp[MAXPATHLEN];
        struct passwd           *pw;
        int                      n;
        size_t                   skip;
        static char              path[MAXPATHLEN];

        if ((s = cmd_current_session(ctx, 0)) == NULL)
                return (NULL);

        if (cwd == NULL)
                cwd = options_get_string(&s->options, "default-path");

        skip = 1;
        if (strcmp(cwd, "$HOME") == 0 || strncmp(cwd, "$HOME/", 6) == 0) {
                /* User's home directory - $HOME. */
                skip = 5;
                goto find_home;
        } else if (cwd[0] == '~' && (cwd[1] == '\0' || cwd[1] == '/')) {
                /* User's home directory - ~. */
                goto find_home;
        } else if (cwd[0] == '-' && (cwd[1] == '\0' || cwd[1] == '/')) {
                /* Session working directory. */
                root = s->cwd;
                goto complete_path;
        } else if (cwd[0] == '.' && (cwd[1] == '\0' || cwd[1] == '/')) {
                /* Server working directory. */
                if (getcwd(tmp, sizeof tmp) != NULL) {
                        root = tmp;
                        goto complete_path;
                }
                return (s->cwd);
        } else if (*cwd == '/') {
                /* Absolute path. */
                return (cwd);
        } else {
                /* Empty or relative path. */
                if (ctx->cmdclient != NULL && ctx->cmdclient->cwd != NULL)
                        root = ctx->cmdclient->cwd;
                else if (ctx->curclient != NULL && s->curw != NULL)
                        root = get_proc_cwd(s->curw->window->active->fd);
                else
                        return (s->cwd);
                skip = 0;
                if (root != NULL)
                        goto complete_path;
        }

        return (s->cwd);

find_home:
        envent = environ_find(&global_environ, "HOME");
        if (envent != NULL && *envent->value != '\0')
                root = envent->value;
        else if ((pw = getpwuid(getuid())) != NULL)
                root = pw->pw_dir;
        else
                return (s->cwd);

complete_path:
        if (root[skip] == '\0') {
                strlcpy(path, root, sizeof path);
                return (path);
        }
        n = snprintf(path, sizeof path, "%s/%s", root, cwd + skip);
        if (n > 0 && (size_t)n < sizeof path)
                return (path);
        return (s->cwd);
}