6 <tmdoc-title|Notes for users of Cyrillic languages>
8 In order to type Russian (and similarly for other Cyrillic languages) text,
9 you have several options:
12 <item>Select Russian as your default language in
13 <menu|Edit|Preferences|Language|Russian>. If \ <TeXmacs> starts with
14 Russian menus, then this is done automatically if the Russian locale is
17 <item>Select Russian for an entire document using
18 <menu|Document|Language|Russian>.
20 <item>Select Russian for a portion of text in another document using
21 <menu|Format|Language|Russian>.
24 If your X server uses the xkb extension, and is instructed to switch
25 between the Latin and Russian keyboard modes, you need not do anything
26 special. Just switch your keyboard to the Russian mode, and go ahead. All
27 the software needed for this is included in modern Linux distributions, and
28 the xkb extension is enabled by default in
29 <with|font-family|tt|XF86Config>. With the xkb extension, keysyms are
30 2-byte, and Russian letters are at 0x6??. The keyboard is configured by
31 <with|font-family|tt|setxkbmap>. When X starts, it issues this command with
32 the system-wide <with|font-family|tt|Xkbmap> file (usually living in
33 <with|font-family|tt|/etc/X11/xinit>), if it exists; and then with the
34 user's <with|font-family|tt|~/.Xkbmap>, if it exists. A typical
35 <with|font-family|tt|~/.Xkbmap> may look like
37 <verbatim| \ \ \ ru basic grp:shift_toggle>
39 This means that the keyboard mode is toggled by <key|<localize|l-shift>
40 <localize|r-shift>>. Other popular choices are <key|<key-control>
41 <key-shift>> or <key|<key-control> <key-alternate>>, see
42 <with|font-family|tt|/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xkb/> for more details. This is the
43 preferred keyboard setup for modern Linux systems, if you plan to use
46 In older Linux systems, the xkb extension is often disabled. Keysyms are
47 1-byte, and are configured by <with|font-family|tt|xmodmap>. When X starts,
48 it issues this command with the system-wide <with|font-family|tt|Xmodmap>
49 (usually living in <with|font-family|tt|/etc/X11/xinit>), if it exists; and
50 then with the user's <with|font-family|tt|~/.Xmodmap>, if it exists. You
51 can configure the mode toggling key combination, and use a 1-byte Russian
52 encoding (such as koi8-r) in the Russian mode. It is easier to download the
53 package <with|font-family|tt|xruskb>, and just run
55 <verbatim| \ \ \ xrus jcuken-koi8>
57 at the beginning of your X session. This sets the layout jcuken (see below)
58 and the encoding koi8-r for your keyboard in the Russian mode. If you use
59 such keyboard setup, you should select Options
60 <with|mode|math|\<rightarrow\>> international keyboard
61 <with|mode|math|\<rightarrow\>> russian <with|mode|math|\<rightarrow\>>
64 It is also possible to use the Windows cp1251 encoding instead of koi8-r,
65 though this is rarely done in UNIX. If you do use <with|font-family|tt|xrus
66 jcuken-cp1251>, select cp1251 instead of koi8-r.
68 All the methods described above require some special actions to ``russify''
69 the keyboard. This is not difficult, see the Cyrillic-HOWTO or, better, its
72 <verbatim|http://www.inp.nsk.su/<with|font-family|tt|~baldin/Cyrillic-HOWTO-russian/Cyrillic-HOWTO-russian.html>>
74 Also, all of the above methods globally affect all X applications: text
75 editors (emacs, nedit, kedit...), xterms, <TeXmacs> etc.
77 If you need to type Russian only once, or very rarely, a proper keyboard
78 setup may be more trouble than it's worth. For the benefit of such
79 occasional users, <TeXmacs> has methods of Russian input which require no
80 preliminary work. Naturally, such methods affect only <TeXmacs>, and no
83 The simplest way to type some Russian on the standard US-style keyboard
84 with no software setup is to select <menu|Edit|Preferences|Keyboard|Cyrillic
85 input method|translit>. Then, typing a Latin letter will produce ``the most
86 similar'' Russian one. In order to get some Russian letters, you have to
87 type 2- or 3-letter combinations:<vspace|0.5fn>
89 <big-table|<descriptive-table|<tformat|<cwith|2|11|1|1|cell-halign|l>|<cwith|2|11|2|2|cell-halign|l>|<cwith|2|11|2|2|cell-halign|c>|<cwith|2|11|4|4|cell-halign|l>|<cwith|2|11|4|4|cell-halign|c>|<table|<row|<cell|Shorthand>|<cell|for>|<cell|Shorthand(s)>|<cell|for>>|<row|<cell|<kbd-text|"
90 e>>|<cell|<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|¼>>|<cell|<kbd-text|"
91 E>>|<cell|<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|œ>>>|<row|<cell|<key|y
92 o>>|<cell|<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|¼>>|<cell|<key|Y o> <key|Y
93 O>>|<cell|<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|œ>>>|<row|<cell|<key|z
94 h>>|<cell|<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|æ>>|<cell|<key|Z h> <key|Z
95 H>>|<cell|<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|Æ>>>|<row|<cell|<key|j
96 <key-variant>>>|<cell|<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|æ>>|<cell|<key|J
97 <key-variant>>>|<cell|<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|Æ>>>|<row|<cell|<key|c
98 h>>|<cell|<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|÷>>|<cell|<key|C h> <key|C
99 H>>|<cell|<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|×>>>|<row|<cell|<key|s
100 h>>|<cell|<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|ø>>|<cell|<key|S h> <key|S
101 H>>|<cell|<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|Ø>>>|<row|<cell|<key|s c
102 h>>|<cell|<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|ù>>|<cell|<key|S c h> <key|S
103 C H>>|<cell|<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|Ù>>>|<row|<cell|<key|e
104 <key-variant>>>|<cell|<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|ý>>|<cell|<key|E
105 <key-variant>>>|<cell|<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|Ý>>>|<row|<cell|<key|y
106 u>>|<cell|<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|þ>>|<cell|<key|Y u> <key|Y
107 U>>|<cell|<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|Þ>>>|<row|<cell|<key|y
108 a>>|<cell|<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|ÿ>>|<cell|<key|Y a> <key|Y
109 A>>|<cell|<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|ß>>>>>>|Typing Cyrillic text
110 on a Roman keyboard.>
112 If you want to get, e.g., ``<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|ñõ>'', and
113 not ``<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|ø>'', you have to type <key|s /
114 h>. Of course, the choice of ``optimal'' mapping of Latin letters to
115 Russian ones in not unique. You can investigate the mapping supplied with
116 <TeXmacs> and, if you don't like something, override it in your
117 <with|font-family|tt|~/.TeXmacs/progs/my-init-texmacs.scm>.
119 If you select jcuken instead of translit, you get the ``official'' Russian
120 typewriter layout. It is so called because the keys ``qwerty'' produce
121 ``<with|language|russian|<with|font|cyrillic|éöóêåí>''. This input method
122 is most useful> when you have a Russian-made keyboard, which has additional
123 Russian letters written on the key caps in red, in the jcuken layout (a
124 similar effect can be achieved by attaching transparent stickers with red
125 Russian letters to caps of a US-style keyboard). It is also useful if you
126 are an experienced Russian typist, and your fingers remember this layout.
128 Those who have no Russian letters indicated at the key caps often prefer
129 the yawerty layout, where the keys ``qwerty'' produce
130 ``<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|ÿâåðòû''. Each Latin letter is
131 mapped into a ``similar'' Russian one; some additional Russian letters are
132 produced by ><key|<key-shift>>-digits. <TeXmacs> comes with a slightly
133 modified yawerty layout, because it does not redefine the keys <key|$>,
134 <key|¿>, <key|<with|mode|math|\<backslash\>>>, which are important for
135 <TeXmacs>, are not redefined. The corresponding Russian letters are
136 produced by some <key|<key-shift>>-digit combinations instead.
138 <tmdoc-copyright|1998--2002|Joris van der Hoeven>
140 <tmdoc-license|Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
141 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
142 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
143 Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover
144 Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free
145 Documentation License".>
150 <associate|language|english>