3 # The author disclaims copyright to this source code. In place of
4 # a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6 # May you do good and not evil.
7 # May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
8 # May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10 #***********************************************************************
12 # This file implements tests to verify that the "testable statements" in
13 # the lang_expr.html document are correct.
16 set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
17 source $testdir/tester.tcl
18 source $testdir/malloc_common.tcl
25 proc do_expr_test {tn expr type value} {
26 uplevel do_execsql_test $tn [list "SELECT typeof($expr), $expr"] [
27 list [list $type $value]
31 proc do_qexpr_test {tn expr value} {
32 uplevel do_execsql_test $tn [list "SELECT quote($expr)"] [list $value]
35 # Set up three global variables:
37 # ::opname An array mapping from SQL operator to an easy to parse
38 # name. The names are used as part of test case names.
40 # ::opprec An array mapping from SQL operator to a numeric
41 # precedence value. Operators that group more tightly
42 # have lower numeric precedences.
44 # ::oplist A list of all SQL operators supported by SQLite.
47 || cat * mul / div % mod + add
48 - sub << lshift >> rshift & bitand | bitor
49 < less <= lesseq > more >= moreeq = eq1
50 == eq2 <> ne1 != ne2 IS is LIKE like
51 GLOB glob AND and OR or MATCH match REGEXP regexp
54 set ::opname($op) $opn
63 6 {= == != <> IS {IS NOT} LIKE GLOB MATCH REGEXP}
68 set ::opprec($op) $prec
74 # Hook in definitions of MATCH and REGEX. The following implementations
75 # cause MATCH and REGEX to behave similarly to the == operator.
77 proc matchfunc {a b} { return [expr {$a==$b}] }
78 proc regexfunc {a b} { return [expr {$a==$b}] }
79 db func match -argcount 2 matchfunc
80 db func regexp -argcount 2 regexfunc
82 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
83 # Test cases e_expr-1.* attempt to verify that all binary operators listed
84 # in the documentation exist and that the relative precedences of the
85 # operators are also as the documentation suggests.
87 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-15514-65163 SQLite understands the following binary
88 # operators, in order from highest to lowest precedence: || * / % + -
89 # << >> & | < <= > >= = == != <> IS IS
90 # NOT IN LIKE GLOB MATCH REGEXP AND OR
92 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-38759-38789 Operators IS and IS NOT have the same
96 unset -nocomplain untested
99 set untested($op1,$op2) 1
121 set testname "e_expr-1.$opname($op1).$opname($op2).$tn"
123 # If $op2 groups more tightly than $op1, then the result
124 # of executing $sql1 whould be the same as executing $sql3.
125 # If $op1 groups more tightly, or if $op1 and $op2 have
126 # the same precedence, then executing $sql1 should return
127 # the same value as $sql2.
129 set sql1 "SELECT $A $op1 $B $op2 $C"
130 set sql2 "SELECT ($A $op1 $B) $op2 $C"
131 set sql3 "SELECT $A $op1 ($B $op2 $C)"
133 set a2 [db one $sql2]
134 set a3 [db one $sql3]
136 do_execsql_test $testname $sql1 [list [
137 if {$opprec($op2) < $opprec($op1)} {set a3} {set a2}
139 if {$a2 != $a3} { unset -nocomplain untested($op1,$op2) }
144 foreach op {* AND OR + || & |} { unset untested($op,$op) }
145 unset untested(+,-) ;# Since (a+b)-c == a+(b-c)
146 unset untested(*,<<) ;# Since (a*b)<<c == a*(b<<c)
148 do_test e_expr-1.1 { array names untested } {}
150 # At one point, test 1.2.2 was failing. Instead of the correct result, it
151 # was returning {1 1 0}. This would seem to indicate that LIKE has the
152 # same precedence as '<'. Which is incorrect. It has lower precedence.
154 do_execsql_test e_expr-1.2.1 {
155 SELECT 0 < 2 LIKE 1, (0 < 2) LIKE 1, 0 < (2 LIKE 1)
157 do_execsql_test e_expr-1.2.2 {
158 SELECT 0 LIKE 0 < 2, (0 LIKE 0) < 2, 0 LIKE (0 < 2)
161 # Showing that LIKE and == have the same precedence
163 do_execsql_test e_expr-1.2.3 {
164 SELECT 2 LIKE 2 == 1, (2 LIKE 2) == 1, 2 LIKE (2 == 1)
166 do_execsql_test e_expr-1.2.4 {
167 SELECT 2 == 2 LIKE 1, (2 == 2) LIKE 1, 2 == (2 LIKE 1)
170 # Showing that < groups more tightly than == (< has higher precedence).
172 do_execsql_test e_expr-1.2.5 {
173 SELECT 0 < 2 == 1, (0 < 2) == 1, 0 < (2 == 1)
175 do_execsql_test e_expr-1.6 {
176 SELECT 0 == 0 < 2, (0 == 0) < 2, 0 == (0 < 2)
179 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
180 # Check that the four unary prefix operators mentioned in the
181 # documentation exist.
183 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-13958-53419 Supported unary prefix operators are these:
186 do_execsql_test e_expr-2.1 { SELECT - 10 } {-10}
187 do_execsql_test e_expr-2.2 { SELECT + 10 } {10}
188 do_execsql_test e_expr-2.3 { SELECT ~ 10 } {-11}
189 do_execsql_test e_expr-2.4 { SELECT NOT 10 } {0}
191 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
192 # Tests for the two statements made regarding the unary + operator.
194 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-53670-03373 The unary operator + is a no-op.
196 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-19480-30968 It can be applied to strings, numbers,
197 # blobs or NULL and it always returns a result with the same value as
200 foreach {tn literal type} {
208 set sql " SELECT quote( + $literal ), typeof( + $literal) "
209 do_execsql_test e_expr-3.$tn $sql [list $literal $type]
212 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
213 # Check that both = and == are both acceptable as the "equals" operator.
214 # Similarly, either != or <> work as the not-equals operator.
216 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-03679-60639 Equals can be either = or ==.
218 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-30082-38996 The non-equals operator can be either != or
221 foreach {tn literal different} {
222 1 'helloworld' '12345'
227 do_execsql_test e_expr-4.$tn "
228 SELECT $literal = $literal, $literal == $literal,
229 $literal = $different, $literal == $different,
230 $literal = NULL, $literal == NULL,
231 $literal != $literal, $literal <> $literal,
232 $literal != $different, $literal <> $different,
233 $literal != NULL, $literal != NULL
235 " {1 1 0 0 {} {} 0 0 1 1 {} {}}
238 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
239 # Test the || operator.
241 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-44409-62641 The || operator is "concatenate" - it joins
242 # together the two strings of its operands.
245 1 'helloworld' '12345'
248 set as [db one "SELECT $a"]
249 set bs [db one "SELECT $b"]
251 do_execsql_test e_expr-5.$tn "SELECT $a || $b" [list "${as}${bs}"]
254 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
255 # Test the % operator.
257 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-04223-04352 The operator % outputs the integer value of
258 # its left operand modulo its right operand.
260 do_execsql_test e_expr-6.1 {SELECT 72%5} {2}
261 do_execsql_test e_expr-6.2 {SELECT 72%-5} {2}
262 do_execsql_test e_expr-6.3 {SELECT -72%-5} {-2}
263 do_execsql_test e_expr-6.4 {SELECT -72%5} {-2}
264 do_execsql_test e_expr-6.5 {SELECT 72.35%5} {2.0}
266 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
267 # Test that the results of all binary operators are either numeric or
268 # NULL, except for the || operator, which may evaluate to either a text
271 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-20665-17792 The result of any binary operator is either
272 # a numeric value or NULL, except for the || concatenation operator
273 # which always evaluates to either NULL or a text value.
276 1 'abc' 2 'hexadecimal' 3 ''
278 7 123.4 8 0.0 9 -123.4
279 10 X'ABCDEF' 11 X'' 12 X'0000'
283 foreach {n1 rhs} $literals {
284 foreach {n2 lhs} $literals {
286 set t [db one " SELECT typeof($lhs $op $rhs) "]
287 do_test e_expr-7.$opname($op).$n1.$n2 {
289 ($op=="||" && ($t == "text" || $t == "null"))
290 || ($op!="||" && ($t == "integer" || $t == "real" || $t == "null"))
297 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
298 # Test the IS and IS NOT operators.
300 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-24731-45773 The IS and IS NOT operators work like = and
301 # != except when one or both of the operands are NULL.
303 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-06325-15315 In this case, if both operands are NULL,
304 # then the IS operator evaluates to 1 (true) and the IS NOT operator
305 # evaluates to 0 (false).
307 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-19812-36779 If one operand is NULL and the other is
308 # not, then the IS operator evaluates to 0 (false) and the IS NOT
309 # operator is 1 (true).
311 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-61975-13410 It is not possible for an IS or IS NOT
312 # expression to evaluate to NULL.
314 do_execsql_test e_expr-8.1.1 { SELECT NULL IS NULL } {1}
315 do_execsql_test e_expr-8.1.2 { SELECT 'ab' IS NULL } {0}
316 do_execsql_test e_expr-8.1.3 { SELECT NULL IS 'ab' } {0}
317 do_execsql_test e_expr-8.1.4 { SELECT 'ab' IS 'ab' } {1}
318 do_execsql_test e_expr-8.1.5 { SELECT NULL == NULL } {{}}
319 do_execsql_test e_expr-8.1.6 { SELECT 'ab' == NULL } {{}}
320 do_execsql_test e_expr-8.1.7 { SELECT NULL == 'ab' } {{}}
321 do_execsql_test e_expr-8.1.8 { SELECT 'ab' == 'ab' } {1}
322 do_execsql_test e_expr-8.1.9 { SELECT NULL IS NOT NULL } {0}
323 do_execsql_test e_expr-8.1.10 { SELECT 'ab' IS NOT NULL } {1}
324 do_execsql_test e_expr-8.1.11 { SELECT NULL IS NOT 'ab' } {1}
325 do_execsql_test e_expr-8.1.12 { SELECT 'ab' IS NOT 'ab' } {0}
326 do_execsql_test e_expr-8.1.13 { SELECT NULL != NULL } {{}}
327 do_execsql_test e_expr-8.1.14 { SELECT 'ab' != NULL } {{}}
328 do_execsql_test e_expr-8.1.15 { SELECT NULL != 'ab' } {{}}
329 do_execsql_test e_expr-8.1.16 { SELECT 'ab' != 'ab' } {0}
331 foreach {n1 rhs} $literals {
332 foreach {n2 lhs} $literals {
333 if {$rhs!="NULL" && $lhs!="NULL"} {
334 set eq [execsql "SELECT $lhs = $rhs, $lhs != $rhs"]
336 set eq [list [expr {$lhs=="NULL" && $rhs=="NULL"}] \
337 [expr {$lhs!="NULL" || $rhs!="NULL"}]
340 set test e_expr-8.2.$n1.$n2
341 do_execsql_test $test.1 "SELECT $lhs IS $rhs, $lhs IS NOT $rhs" $eq
342 do_execsql_test $test.2 "
343 SELECT ($lhs IS $rhs) IS NULL, ($lhs IS NOT $rhs) IS NULL
348 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
349 # Run some tests on the COLLATE "unary postfix operator".
351 # This collation sequence reverses both arguments before using
352 # [string compare] to compare them. For example, when comparing the
353 # strings 'one' and 'four', return the result of:
355 # string compare eno ruof
357 proc reverse_str {zStr} {
359 foreach c [split $zStr {}] { set out "${c}${out}" }
362 proc reverse_collate {zLeft zRight} {
363 string compare [reverse_str $zLeft] [reverse_str $zRight]
365 db collate reverse reverse_collate
367 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-59577-33471 The COLLATE operator is a unary postfix
368 # operator that assigns a collating sequence to an expression.
370 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-36231-30731 The COLLATE operator has a higher
371 # precedence (binds more tightly) than any binary operator and any unary
372 # prefix operator except "~".
374 do_execsql_test e_expr-9.1 { SELECT 'abcd' < 'bbbb' COLLATE reverse } 0
375 do_execsql_test e_expr-9.2 { SELECT ('abcd' < 'bbbb') COLLATE reverse } 1
376 do_execsql_test e_expr-9.3 { SELECT 'abcd' <= 'bbbb' COLLATE reverse } 0
377 do_execsql_test e_expr-9.4 { SELECT ('abcd' <= 'bbbb') COLLATE reverse } 1
379 do_execsql_test e_expr-9.5 { SELECT 'abcd' > 'bbbb' COLLATE reverse } 1
380 do_execsql_test e_expr-9.6 { SELECT ('abcd' > 'bbbb') COLLATE reverse } 0
381 do_execsql_test e_expr-9.7 { SELECT 'abcd' >= 'bbbb' COLLATE reverse } 1
382 do_execsql_test e_expr-9.8 { SELECT ('abcd' >= 'bbbb') COLLATE reverse } 0
384 do_execsql_test e_expr-9.10 { SELECT 'abcd' = 'ABCD' COLLATE nocase } 1
385 do_execsql_test e_expr-9.11 { SELECT ('abcd' = 'ABCD') COLLATE nocase } 0
386 do_execsql_test e_expr-9.12 { SELECT 'abcd' == 'ABCD' COLLATE nocase } 1
387 do_execsql_test e_expr-9.13 { SELECT ('abcd' == 'ABCD') COLLATE nocase } 0
388 do_execsql_test e_expr-9.14 { SELECT 'abcd' IS 'ABCD' COLLATE nocase } 1
389 do_execsql_test e_expr-9.15 { SELECT ('abcd' IS 'ABCD') COLLATE nocase } 0
391 do_execsql_test e_expr-9.16 { SELECT 'abcd' != 'ABCD' COLLATE nocase } 0
392 do_execsql_test e_expr-9.17 { SELECT ('abcd' != 'ABCD') COLLATE nocase } 1
393 do_execsql_test e_expr-9.18 { SELECT 'abcd' <> 'ABCD' COLLATE nocase } 0
394 do_execsql_test e_expr-9.19 { SELECT ('abcd' <> 'ABCD') COLLATE nocase } 1
395 do_execsql_test e_expr-9.20 { SELECT 'abcd' IS NOT 'ABCD' COLLATE nocase } 0
396 do_execsql_test e_expr-9.21 { SELECT ('abcd' IS NOT 'ABCD') COLLATE nocase } 1
398 do_execsql_test e_expr-9.22 {
399 SELECT 'bbb' BETWEEN 'AAA' AND 'CCC' COLLATE nocase
401 do_execsql_test e_expr-9.23 {
402 SELECT ('bbb' BETWEEN 'AAA' AND 'CCC') COLLATE nocase
405 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-58731-25439 The collating sequence set by the COLLATE
406 # operator overrides the collating sequence determined by the COLLATE
407 # clause in a table column definition.
409 do_execsql_test e_expr-9.24 {
410 CREATE TABLE t24(a COLLATE NOCASE, b);
411 INSERT INTO t24 VALUES('aaa', 1);
412 INSERT INTO t24 VALUES('bbb', 2);
413 INSERT INTO t24 VALUES('ccc', 3);
415 do_execsql_test e_expr-9.25 { SELECT 'BBB' = a FROM t24 } {0 1 0}
416 do_execsql_test e_expr-9.25 { SELECT a = 'BBB' FROM t24 } {0 1 0}
417 do_execsql_test e_expr-9.25 { SELECT 'BBB' = a COLLATE binary FROM t24 } {0 0 0}
418 do_execsql_test e_expr-9.25 { SELECT a COLLATE binary = 'BBB' FROM t24 } {0 0 0}
420 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
421 # Test statements related to literal values.
423 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-31536-32008 Literal values may be integers, floating
424 # point numbers, strings, BLOBs, or NULLs.
426 do_execsql_test e_expr-10.1.1 { SELECT typeof(5) } {integer}
427 do_execsql_test e_expr-10.1.2 { SELECT typeof(5.1) } {real}
428 do_execsql_test e_expr-10.1.3 { SELECT typeof('5.1') } {text}
429 do_execsql_test e_expr-10.1.4 { SELECT typeof(X'ABCD') } {blob}
430 do_execsql_test e_expr-10.1.5 { SELECT typeof(NULL) } {null}
432 # "Scientific notation is supported for point literal values."
434 do_execsql_test e_expr-10.2.1 { SELECT typeof(3.4e-02) } {real}
435 do_execsql_test e_expr-10.2.2 { SELECT typeof(3e+5) } {real}
436 do_execsql_test e_expr-10.2.3 { SELECT 3.4e-02 } {0.034}
437 do_execsql_test e_expr-10.2.4 { SELECT 3e+4 } {30000.0}
439 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-35229-17830 A string constant is formed by enclosing
440 # the string in single quotes (').
442 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-07100-06606 A single quote within the string can be
443 # encoded by putting two single quotes in a row - as in Pascal.
445 do_execsql_test e_expr-10.3.1 { SELECT 'is not' } {{is not}}
446 do_execsql_test e_expr-10.3.2 { SELECT typeof('is not') } {text}
447 do_execsql_test e_expr-10.3.3 { SELECT 'isn''t' } {isn't}
448 do_execsql_test e_expr-10.3.4 { SELECT typeof('isn''t') } {text}
450 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-09593-03321 BLOB literals are string literals
451 # containing hexadecimal data and preceded by a single "x" or "X"
454 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-19836-11244 Example: X'53514C697465'
456 do_execsql_test e_expr-10.4.1 { SELECT typeof(X'0123456789ABCDEF') } blob
457 do_execsql_test e_expr-10.4.2 { SELECT typeof(x'0123456789ABCDEF') } blob
458 do_execsql_test e_expr-10.4.3 { SELECT typeof(X'0123456789abcdef') } blob
459 do_execsql_test e_expr-10.4.4 { SELECT typeof(x'0123456789abcdef') } blob
460 do_execsql_test e_expr-10.4.5 { SELECT typeof(X'53514C697465') } blob
462 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-23914-51476 A literal value can also be the token
465 do_execsql_test e_expr-10.5.1 { SELECT NULL } {{}}
466 do_execsql_test e_expr-10.5.2 { SELECT typeof(NULL) } {null}
468 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
469 # Test statements related to bound parameters
472 proc parameter_test {tn sql params result} {
473 set stmt [sqlite3_prepare_v2 db $sql -1]
475 foreach {number name} $params {
476 set nm [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name $stmt $number]
477 do_test $tn.name.$number [list set {} $nm] $name
478 sqlite3_bind_int $stmt $number [expr -1 * $number]
484 for {set i 0} {$i < [sqlite3_column_count $stmt]} {incr i} {
485 lappend res [sqlite3_column_text $stmt $i]
488 set rc [sqlite3_finalize $stmt]
489 do_test $tn.rc [list set {} $rc] SQLITE_OK
490 do_test $tn.res [list set {} $res] $result
493 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-33509-39458 A question mark followed by a number NNN
494 # holds a spot for the NNN-th parameter. NNN must be between 1 and
495 # SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER.
497 set mvn $SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER
498 parameter_test e_expr-11.1 "
499 SELECT ?1, ?123, ?$SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER, ?123, ?4
500 " "1 ?1 123 ?123 $mvn ?$mvn 4 ?4" "-1 -123 -$mvn -123 -4"
502 set errmsg "variable number must be between ?1 and ?$SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER"
503 foreach {tn param_number} [list \
505 3 [expr $SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER+1] \
506 4 [expr $SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER+2] \
507 5 12345678903456789034567890234567890 \
512 10 9223372036854775808 \
513 11 9223372036854775809 \
514 12 18446744073709551616 \
515 13 18446744073709551617 \
517 do_catchsql_test e_expr-11.1.$tn "SELECT ?$param_number" [list 1 $errmsg]
520 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-33670-36097 A question mark that is not followed by a
521 # number creates a parameter with a number one greater than the largest
522 # parameter number already assigned.
524 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-42938-07030 If this means the parameter number is
525 # greater than SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER, it is an error.
527 parameter_test e_expr-11.2.1 "SELECT ?" {1 {}} -1
528 parameter_test e_expr-11.2.2 "SELECT ?, ?" {1 {} 2 {}} {-1 -2}
529 parameter_test e_expr-11.2.3 "SELECT ?5, ?" {5 ?5 6 {}} {-5 -6}
530 parameter_test e_expr-11.2.4 "SELECT ?, ?5" {1 {} 5 ?5} {-1 -5}
531 parameter_test e_expr-11.2.5 "SELECT ?, ?456, ?" {
534 parameter_test e_expr-11.2.5 "SELECT ?, ?456, ?4, ?" {
535 1 {} 456 ?456 4 ?4 457 {}
537 foreach {tn sql} [list \
538 1 "SELECT ?$mvn, ?" \
539 2 "SELECT ?[expr $mvn-5], ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?" \
540 3 "SELECT ?[expr $mvn], ?5, ?6, ?" \
542 do_catchsql_test e_expr-11.3.$tn $sql [list 1 {too many SQL variables}]
545 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-11620-22743 A colon followed by an identifier name
546 # holds a spot for a named parameter with the name :AAAA.
548 # Identifiers in SQLite consist of alphanumeric, '_' and '$' characters,
549 # and any UTF characters with codepoints larger than 127 (non-ASCII
552 parameter_test e_expr-11.2.1 {SELECT :AAAA} {1 :AAAA} -1
553 parameter_test e_expr-11.2.2 {SELECT :123} {1 :123} -1
554 parameter_test e_expr-11.2.3 {SELECT :__} {1 :__} -1
555 parameter_test e_expr-11.2.4 {SELECT :_$_} {1 :_$_} -1
556 parameter_test e_expr-11.2.5 "
557 SELECT :\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e02\u0e39\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e25
558 " "1 :\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e02\u0e39\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e25" -1
559 parameter_test e_expr-11.2.6 "SELECT :\u0080" "1 :\u0080" -1
561 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-49783-61279 An "at" sign works exactly like a colon,
562 # except that the name of the parameter created is @AAAA.
564 parameter_test e_expr-11.3.1 {SELECT @AAAA} {1 @AAAA} -1
565 parameter_test e_expr-11.3.2 {SELECT @123} {1 @123} -1
566 parameter_test e_expr-11.3.3 {SELECT @__} {1 @__} -1
567 parameter_test e_expr-11.3.4 {SELECT @_$_} {1 @_$_} -1
568 parameter_test e_expr-11.3.5 "
569 SELECT @\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e02\u0e39\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e25
570 " "1 @\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e02\u0e39\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e25" -1
571 parameter_test e_expr-11.3.6 "SELECT @\u0080" "1 @\u0080" -1
573 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-62610-51329 A dollar-sign followed by an identifier
574 # name also holds a spot for a named parameter with the name $AAAA.
576 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-55025-21042 The identifier name in this case can
577 # include one or more occurrences of "::" and a suffix enclosed in
578 # "(...)" containing any text at all.
580 # Note: Looks like an identifier cannot consist entirely of "::"
581 # characters or just a suffix. Also, the other named variable characters
582 # (: and @) work the same way internally. Why not just document it that way?
584 parameter_test e_expr-11.4.1 {SELECT $AAAA} {1 $AAAA} -1
585 parameter_test e_expr-11.4.2 {SELECT $123} {1 $123} -1
586 parameter_test e_expr-11.4.3 {SELECT $__} {1 $__} -1
587 parameter_test e_expr-11.4.4 {SELECT $_$_} {1 $_$_} -1
588 parameter_test e_expr-11.4.5 "
589 SELECT \$\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e02\u0e39\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e25
590 " "1 \$\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e02\u0e39\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e25" -1
591 parameter_test e_expr-11.4.6 "SELECT \$\u0080" "1 \$\u0080" -1
593 parameter_test e_expr-11.5.1 {SELECT $::::a(++--++)} {1 $::::a(++--++)} -1
594 parameter_test e_expr-11.5.2 {SELECT $::a()} {1 $::a()} -1
595 parameter_test e_expr-11.5.3 {SELECT $::1(::#$)} {1 $::1(::#$)} -1
597 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-11370-04520 Named parameters are also numbered. The
598 # number assigned is one greater than the largest parameter number
601 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-42620-22184 If this means the parameter would be
602 # assigned a number greater than SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER, it is an
605 parameter_test e_expr-11.6.1 "SELECT ?, @abc" {1 {} 2 @abc} {-1 -2}
606 parameter_test e_expr-11.6.2 "SELECT ?123, :a1" {123 ?123 124 :a1} {-123 -124}
607 parameter_test e_expr-11.6.3 {SELECT $a, ?8, ?, $b, ?2, $c} {
608 1 $a 8 ?8 9 {} 10 $b 2 ?2 11 $c
609 } {-1 -8 -9 -10 -2 -11}
610 foreach {tn sql} [list \
611 1 "SELECT ?$mvn, \$::a" \
612 2 "SELECT ?$mvn, ?4, @a1" \
613 3 "SELECT ?[expr $mvn-2], :bag, @123, \$x" \
615 do_catchsql_test e_expr-11.7.$tn $sql [list 1 {too many SQL variables}]
618 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-14068-49671 Parameters that are not assigned values
619 # using sqlite3_bind() are treated as NULL.
621 do_test e_expr-11.7.1 {
622 set stmt [sqlite3_prepare_v2 db { SELECT ?, :a, @b, $d } -1]
625 list [sqlite3_column_type $stmt 0] \
626 [sqlite3_column_type $stmt 1] \
627 [sqlite3_column_type $stmt 2] \
628 [sqlite3_column_type $stmt 3]
629 } {NULL NULL NULL NULL}
630 do_test e_expr-11.7.1 { sqlite3_finalize $stmt } SQLITE_OK
632 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
633 # "Test" the syntax diagrams in lang_expr.html.
635 # -- syntax diagram signed-number
637 do_execsql_test e_expr-12.1.1 { SELECT 0, +0, -0 } {0 0 0}
638 do_execsql_test e_expr-12.1.2 { SELECT 1, +1, -1 } {1 1 -1}
639 do_execsql_test e_expr-12.1.3 { SELECT 2, +2, -2 } {2 2 -2}
640 do_execsql_test e_expr-12.1.4 {
641 SELECT 1.4, +1.4, -1.4
643 do_execsql_test e_expr-12.1.5 {
644 SELECT 1.5e+5, +1.5e+5, -1.5e+5
645 } {150000.0 150000.0 -150000.0}
646 do_execsql_test e_expr-12.1.6 {
647 SELECT 0.0001, +0.0001, -0.0001
648 } {0.0001 0.0001 -0.0001}
650 # -- syntax diagram literal-value
652 set sqlite_current_time 1
653 do_execsql_test e_expr-12.2.1 {SELECT 123} {123}
654 do_execsql_test e_expr-12.2.2 {SELECT 123.4e05} {12340000.0}
655 do_execsql_test e_expr-12.2.3 {SELECT 'abcde'} {abcde}
656 do_execsql_test e_expr-12.2.4 {SELECT X'414243'} {ABC}
657 do_execsql_test e_expr-12.2.5 {SELECT NULL} {{}}
658 do_execsql_test e_expr-12.2.6 {SELECT CURRENT_TIME} {00:00:01}
659 do_execsql_test e_expr-12.2.7 {SELECT CURRENT_DATE} {1970-01-01}
660 do_execsql_test e_expr-12.2.8 {SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP} {{1970-01-01 00:00:01}}
661 set sqlite_current_time 0
663 # -- syntax diagram expr
667 ATTACH 'test.db2' AS dbname;
668 CREATE TABLE dbname.tblname(cname);
671 proc glob {args} {return 1}
672 db function glob glob
673 db function match glob
674 db function regexp glob
695 17 dbname.tblname.cname
721 41 "EXPR1 IS NOT EXPR2"
726 45 "count(DISTINCT EXPR)"
727 46 "substr(EXPR, 10, 20)"
732 49 "CAST ( EXPR AS integer )"
733 50 "CAST ( EXPR AS 'abcd' )"
734 51 "CAST ( EXPR AS 'ab$ $cd' )"
736 52 "EXPR COLLATE nocase"
737 53 "EXPR COLLATE binary"
739 54 "EXPR1 LIKE EXPR2"
740 55 "EXPR1 LIKE EXPR2 ESCAPE EXPR"
741 56 "EXPR1 GLOB EXPR2"
742 57 "EXPR1 GLOB EXPR2 ESCAPE EXPR"
743 58 "EXPR1 REGEXP EXPR2"
744 59 "EXPR1 REGEXP EXPR2 ESCAPE EXPR"
745 60 "EXPR1 MATCH EXPR2"
746 61 "EXPR1 MATCH EXPR2 ESCAPE EXPR"
747 62 "EXPR1 NOT LIKE EXPR2"
748 63 "EXPR1 NOT LIKE EXPR2 ESCAPE EXPR"
749 64 "EXPR1 NOT GLOB EXPR2"
750 65 "EXPR1 NOT GLOB EXPR2 ESCAPE EXPR"
751 66 "EXPR1 NOT REGEXP EXPR2"
752 67 "EXPR1 NOT REGEXP EXPR2 ESCAPE EXPR"
753 68 "EXPR1 NOT MATCH EXPR2"
754 69 "EXPR1 NOT MATCH EXPR2 ESCAPE EXPR"
761 74 "EXPR1 IS NOT EXPR2"
763 75 "EXPR NOT BETWEEN EXPR1 AND EXPR2"
764 76 "EXPR BETWEEN EXPR1 AND EXPR2"
766 77 "EXPR NOT IN (SELECT cname FROM tblname)"
768 79 "EXPR NOT IN (1, 2, 3)"
769 80 "EXPR NOT IN tblname"
770 81 "EXPR NOT IN dbname.tblname"
771 82 "EXPR IN (SELECT cname FROM tblname)"
773 84 "EXPR IN (1, 2, 3)"
775 86 "EXPR IN dbname.tblname"
777 87 "EXISTS (SELECT cname FROM tblname)"
778 88 "NOT EXISTS (SELECT cname FROM tblname)"
780 89 "CASE EXPR WHEN EXPR1 THEN EXPR2 ELSE EXPR END"
781 90 "CASE EXPR WHEN EXPR1 THEN EXPR2 END"
782 91 "CASE EXPR WHEN EXPR1 THEN EXPR2 WHEN EXPR THEN EXPR1 ELSE EXPR2 END"
783 92 "CASE EXPR WHEN EXPR1 THEN EXPR2 WHEN EXPR THEN EXPR1 END"
784 93 "CASE WHEN EXPR1 THEN EXPR2 ELSE EXPR END"
785 94 "CASE WHEN EXPR1 THEN EXPR2 END"
786 95 "CASE WHEN EXPR1 THEN EXPR2 WHEN EXPR THEN EXPR1 ELSE EXPR2 END"
787 96 "CASE WHEN EXPR1 THEN EXPR2 WHEN EXPR THEN EXPR1 END"
790 # If the expression string being parsed contains "EXPR2", then replace
791 # string "EXPR1" and "EXPR2" with arbitrary SQL expressions. If it
792 # contains "EXPR", then replace EXPR with an arbitrary SQL expression.
794 set elist [list $expr]
795 if {[string match *EXPR2* $expr]} {
797 foreach {e1 e2} { cname "34+22" } {
798 lappend elist [string map [list EXPR1 $e1 EXPR2 $e2] $expr]
801 if {[string match *EXPR* $expr]} {
804 foreach e { cname "34+22" } {
805 lappend elist2 [string map [list EXPR $e] $el]
814 do_test e_expr-12.3.$tn.$x {
815 set rc [catch { execsql "SELECT $e FROM tblname" } msg]
820 # -- syntax diagram raise-function
822 foreach {tn raiseexpr} {
824 2 "RAISE(ROLLBACK, 'error message')"
825 3 "RAISE(ABORT, 'error message')"
826 4 "RAISE(FAIL, 'error message')"
828 do_execsql_test e_expr-12.4.$tn "
829 CREATE TRIGGER dbname.tr$tn BEFORE DELETE ON tblname BEGIN
835 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
836 # Test the statements related to the BETWEEN operator.
838 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-40079-54503 The BETWEEN operator is logically
839 # equivalent to a pair of comparisons. "x BETWEEN y AND z" is equivalent
840 # to "x>=y AND x<=z" except that with BETWEEN, the x expression is
841 # only evaluated once.
844 proc x {} { incr ::xcount ; return [expr $::x] }
845 foreach {tn x expr res nEval} {
846 1 10 "x() >= 5 AND x() <= 15" 1 2
847 2 10 "x() BETWEEN 5 AND 15" 1 1
849 3 5 "x() >= 5 AND x() <= 5" 1 2
850 4 5 "x() BETWEEN 5 AND 5" 1 1
852 5 9 "(x(),8) >= (9,7) AND (x(),8)<=(9,10)" 1 2
853 6 9 "(x(),8) BETWEEN (9,7) AND (9,10)" 1 1
855 do_test e_expr-13.1.$tn {
857 set a [execsql "SELECT $expr"]
862 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-05155-34454 The precedence of the BETWEEN operator is
863 # the same as the precedence as operators == and != and LIKE and groups
866 # Therefore, BETWEEN groups more tightly than operator "AND", but less
869 do_execsql_test e_expr-13.2.1 { SELECT 1 == 10 BETWEEN 0 AND 2 } 1
870 do_execsql_test e_expr-13.2.2 { SELECT (1 == 10) BETWEEN 0 AND 2 } 1
871 do_execsql_test e_expr-13.2.3 { SELECT 1 == (10 BETWEEN 0 AND 2) } 0
872 do_execsql_test e_expr-13.2.4 { SELECT 6 BETWEEN 4 AND 8 == 1 } 1
873 do_execsql_test e_expr-13.2.5 { SELECT (6 BETWEEN 4 AND 8) == 1 } 1
874 do_execsql_test e_expr-13.2.6 { SELECT 6 BETWEEN 4 AND (8 == 1) } 0
876 do_execsql_test e_expr-13.2.7 { SELECT 5 BETWEEN 0 AND 0 != 1 } 1
877 do_execsql_test e_expr-13.2.8 { SELECT (5 BETWEEN 0 AND 0) != 1 } 1
878 do_execsql_test e_expr-13.2.9 { SELECT 5 BETWEEN 0 AND (0 != 1) } 0
879 do_execsql_test e_expr-13.2.10 { SELECT 1 != 0 BETWEEN 0 AND 2 } 1
880 do_execsql_test e_expr-13.2.11 { SELECT (1 != 0) BETWEEN 0 AND 2 } 1
881 do_execsql_test e_expr-13.2.12 { SELECT 1 != (0 BETWEEN 0 AND 2) } 0
883 do_execsql_test e_expr-13.2.13 { SELECT 1 LIKE 10 BETWEEN 0 AND 2 } 1
884 do_execsql_test e_expr-13.2.14 { SELECT (1 LIKE 10) BETWEEN 0 AND 2 } 1
885 do_execsql_test e_expr-13.2.15 { SELECT 1 LIKE (10 BETWEEN 0 AND 2) } 0
886 do_execsql_test e_expr-13.2.16 { SELECT 6 BETWEEN 4 AND 8 LIKE 1 } 1
887 do_execsql_test e_expr-13.2.17 { SELECT (6 BETWEEN 4 AND 8) LIKE 1 } 1
888 do_execsql_test e_expr-13.2.18 { SELECT 6 BETWEEN 4 AND (8 LIKE 1) } 0
890 do_execsql_test e_expr-13.2.19 { SELECT 0 AND 0 BETWEEN 0 AND 1 } 0
891 do_execsql_test e_expr-13.2.20 { SELECT 0 AND (0 BETWEEN 0 AND 1) } 0
892 do_execsql_test e_expr-13.2.21 { SELECT (0 AND 0) BETWEEN 0 AND 1 } 1
893 do_execsql_test e_expr-13.2.22 { SELECT 0 BETWEEN -1 AND 1 AND 0 } 0
894 do_execsql_test e_expr-13.2.23 { SELECT (0 BETWEEN -1 AND 1) AND 0 } 0
895 do_execsql_test e_expr-13.2.24 { SELECT 0 BETWEEN -1 AND (1 AND 0) } 1
897 do_execsql_test e_expr-13.2.25 { SELECT 2 < 3 BETWEEN 0 AND 1 } 1
898 do_execsql_test e_expr-13.2.26 { SELECT (2 < 3) BETWEEN 0 AND 1 } 1
899 do_execsql_test e_expr-13.2.27 { SELECT 2 < (3 BETWEEN 0 AND 1) } 0
900 do_execsql_test e_expr-13.2.28 { SELECT 2 BETWEEN 1 AND 2 < 3 } 0
901 do_execsql_test e_expr-13.2.29 { SELECT 2 BETWEEN 1 AND (2 < 3) } 0
902 do_execsql_test e_expr-13.2.30 { SELECT (2 BETWEEN 1 AND 2) < 3 } 1
904 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
905 # Test the statements related to the LIKE and GLOB operators.
907 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-16584-60189 The LIKE operator does a pattern matching
910 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-11295-04657 The operand to the right of the LIKE
911 # operator contains the pattern and the left hand operand contains the
912 # string to match against the pattern.
914 do_execsql_test e_expr-14.1.1 { SELECT 'abc%' LIKE 'abcde' } 0
915 do_execsql_test e_expr-14.1.2 { SELECT 'abcde' LIKE 'abc%' } 1
917 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-55406-38524 A percent symbol ("%") in the LIKE pattern
918 # matches any sequence of zero or more characters in the string.
920 do_execsql_test e_expr-14.2.1 { SELECT 'abde' LIKE 'ab%de' } 1
921 do_execsql_test e_expr-14.2.2 { SELECT 'abXde' LIKE 'ab%de' } 1
922 do_execsql_test e_expr-14.2.3 { SELECT 'abABCde' LIKE 'ab%de' } 1
924 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-30433-25443 An underscore ("_") in the LIKE pattern
925 # matches any single character in the string.
927 do_execsql_test e_expr-14.3.1 { SELECT 'abde' LIKE 'ab_de' } 0
928 do_execsql_test e_expr-14.3.2 { SELECT 'abXde' LIKE 'ab_de' } 1
929 do_execsql_test e_expr-14.3.3 { SELECT 'abABCde' LIKE 'ab_de' } 0
931 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-59007-20454 Any other character matches itself or its
932 # lower/upper case equivalent (i.e. case-insensitive matching).
934 do_execsql_test e_expr-14.4.1 { SELECT 'abc' LIKE 'aBc' } 1
935 do_execsql_test e_expr-14.4.2 { SELECT 'aBc' LIKE 'aBc' } 1
936 do_execsql_test e_expr-14.4.3 { SELECT 'ac' LIKE 'aBc' } 0
938 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-23648-58527 SQLite only understands upper/lower case
939 # for ASCII characters by default.
941 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-04532-11527 The LIKE operator is case sensitive by
942 # default for unicode characters that are beyond the ASCII range.
944 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-44381-11669 the expression
945 # 'a' LIKE 'A' is TRUE but
946 # 'æ' LIKE 'Æ' is FALSE.
948 # The restriction to ASCII characters does not apply if the ICU
949 # library is compiled in. When ICU is enabled SQLite does not act
950 # as it does "by default".
952 do_execsql_test e_expr-14.5.1 { SELECT 'A' LIKE 'a' } 1
954 do_execsql_test e_expr-14.5.2 "SELECT '\u00c6' LIKE '\u00e6'" 0
957 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-56683-13731 If the optional ESCAPE clause is present,
958 # then the expression following the ESCAPE keyword must evaluate to a
959 # string consisting of a single character.
961 do_catchsql_test e_expr-14.6.1 {
962 SELECT 'A' LIKE 'a' ESCAPE '12'
963 } {1 {ESCAPE expression must be a single character}}
964 do_catchsql_test e_expr-14.6.2 {
965 SELECT 'A' LIKE 'a' ESCAPE ''
966 } {1 {ESCAPE expression must be a single character}}
967 do_catchsql_test e_expr-14.6.3 { SELECT 'A' LIKE 'a' ESCAPE 'x' } {0 1}
968 do_catchsql_test e_expr-14.6.4 "SELECT 'A' LIKE 'a' ESCAPE '\u00e6'" {0 1}
970 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-02045-23762 This character may be used in the LIKE
971 # pattern to include literal percent or underscore characters.
973 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-13345-31830 The escape character followed by a percent
974 # symbol (%), underscore (_), or a second instance of the escape
975 # character itself matches a literal percent symbol, underscore, or a
976 # single escape character, respectively.
978 do_execsql_test e_expr-14.7.1 { SELECT 'abc%' LIKE 'abcX%' ESCAPE 'X' } 1
979 do_execsql_test e_expr-14.7.2 { SELECT 'abc5' LIKE 'abcX%' ESCAPE 'X' } 0
980 do_execsql_test e_expr-14.7.3 { SELECT 'abc' LIKE 'abcX%' ESCAPE 'X' } 0
981 do_execsql_test e_expr-14.7.4 { SELECT 'abcX%' LIKE 'abcX%' ESCAPE 'X' } 0
982 do_execsql_test e_expr-14.7.5 { SELECT 'abc%%' LIKE 'abcX%' ESCAPE 'X' } 0
984 do_execsql_test e_expr-14.7.6 { SELECT 'abc_' LIKE 'abcX_' ESCAPE 'X' } 1
985 do_execsql_test e_expr-14.7.7 { SELECT 'abc5' LIKE 'abcX_' ESCAPE 'X' } 0
986 do_execsql_test e_expr-14.7.8 { SELECT 'abc' LIKE 'abcX_' ESCAPE 'X' } 0
987 do_execsql_test e_expr-14.7.9 { SELECT 'abcX_' LIKE 'abcX_' ESCAPE 'X' } 0
988 do_execsql_test e_expr-14.7.10 { SELECT 'abc__' LIKE 'abcX_' ESCAPE 'X' } 0
990 do_execsql_test e_expr-14.7.11 { SELECT 'abcX' LIKE 'abcXX' ESCAPE 'X' } 1
991 do_execsql_test e_expr-14.7.12 { SELECT 'abc5' LIKE 'abcXX' ESCAPE 'X' } 0
992 do_execsql_test e_expr-14.7.13 { SELECT 'abc' LIKE 'abcXX' ESCAPE 'X' } 0
993 do_execsql_test e_expr-14.7.14 { SELECT 'abcXX' LIKE 'abcXX' ESCAPE 'X' } 0
995 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-51359-17496 The infix LIKE operator is implemented by
996 # calling the application-defined SQL functions like(Y,X) or like(Y,X,Z).
998 proc likefunc {args} {
999 eval lappend ::likeargs $args
1002 db func like -argcount 2 likefunc
1003 db func like -argcount 3 likefunc
1004 set ::likeargs [list]
1005 do_execsql_test e_expr-15.1.1 { SELECT 'abc' LIKE 'def' } 1
1006 do_test e_expr-15.1.2 { set likeargs } {def abc}
1007 set ::likeargs [list]
1008 do_execsql_test e_expr-15.1.3 { SELECT 'abc' LIKE 'def' ESCAPE 'X' } 1
1009 do_test e_expr-15.1.4 { set likeargs } {def abc X}
1013 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-22868-25880 The LIKE operator can be made case
1014 # sensitive using the case_sensitive_like pragma.
1016 do_execsql_test e_expr-16.1.1 { SELECT 'abcxyz' LIKE 'ABC%' } 1
1017 do_execsql_test e_expr-16.1.2 { PRAGMA case_sensitive_like = 1 } {}
1018 do_execsql_test e_expr-16.1.3 { SELECT 'abcxyz' LIKE 'ABC%' } 0
1019 do_execsql_test e_expr-16.1.4 { SELECT 'ABCxyz' LIKE 'ABC%' } 1
1020 do_execsql_test e_expr-16.1.5 { PRAGMA case_sensitive_like = 0 } {}
1021 do_execsql_test e_expr-16.1.6 { SELECT 'abcxyz' LIKE 'ABC%' } 1
1022 do_execsql_test e_expr-16.1.7 { SELECT 'ABCxyz' LIKE 'ABC%' } 1
1024 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-52087-12043 The GLOB operator is similar to LIKE but
1025 # uses the Unix file globbing syntax for its wildcards.
1027 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-09813-17279 Also, GLOB is case sensitive, unlike LIKE.
1029 do_execsql_test e_expr-17.1.1 { SELECT 'abcxyz' GLOB 'abc%' } 0
1030 do_execsql_test e_expr-17.1.2 { SELECT 'abcxyz' GLOB 'abc*' } 1
1031 do_execsql_test e_expr-17.1.3 { SELECT 'abcxyz' GLOB 'abc___' } 0
1032 do_execsql_test e_expr-17.1.4 { SELECT 'abcxyz' GLOB 'abc???' } 1
1034 do_execsql_test e_expr-17.1.5 { SELECT 'abcxyz' GLOB 'abc*' } 1
1035 do_execsql_test e_expr-17.1.6 { SELECT 'ABCxyz' GLOB 'abc*' } 0
1036 do_execsql_test e_expr-17.1.7 { SELECT 'abcxyz' GLOB 'ABC*' } 0
1038 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-39616-20555 Both GLOB and LIKE may be preceded by the
1039 # NOT keyword to invert the sense of the test.
1041 do_execsql_test e_expr-17.2.1 { SELECT 'abcxyz' NOT GLOB 'ABC*' } 1
1042 do_execsql_test e_expr-17.2.2 { SELECT 'abcxyz' NOT GLOB 'abc*' } 0
1043 do_execsql_test e_expr-17.2.3 { SELECT 'abcxyz' NOT LIKE 'ABC%' } 0
1044 do_execsql_test e_expr-17.2.4 { SELECT 'abcxyz' NOT LIKE 'abc%' } 0
1045 do_execsql_test e_expr-17.2.5 { SELECT 'abdxyz' NOT LIKE 'abc%' } 1
1048 do_execsql_test e_expr-17.2.6 { SELECT 'abcxyz' NOT GLOB NULL } null
1049 do_execsql_test e_expr-17.2.7 { SELECT 'abcxyz' NOT LIKE NULL } null
1050 do_execsql_test e_expr-17.2.8 { SELECT NULL NOT GLOB 'abc*' } null
1051 do_execsql_test e_expr-17.2.9 { SELECT NULL NOT LIKE 'ABC%' } null
1054 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-39414-35489 The infix GLOB operator is implemented by
1055 # calling the function glob(Y,X) and can be modified by overriding that
1057 proc globfunc {args} {
1058 eval lappend ::globargs $args
1061 db func glob -argcount 2 globfunc
1062 set ::globargs [list]
1063 do_execsql_test e_expr-17.3.1 { SELECT 'abc' GLOB 'def' } 1
1064 do_test e_expr-17.3.2 { set globargs } {def abc}
1065 set ::globargs [list]
1066 do_execsql_test e_expr-17.3.3 { SELECT 'X' NOT GLOB 'Y' } 0
1067 do_test e_expr-17.3.4 { set globargs } {Y X}
1070 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-41650-20872 No regexp() user function is defined by
1071 # default and so use of the REGEXP operator will normally result in an
1074 # There is a regexp function if ICU is enabled though.
1077 do_catchsql_test e_expr-18.1.1 {
1078 SELECT regexp('abc', 'def')
1079 } {1 {no such function: regexp}}
1080 do_catchsql_test e_expr-18.1.2 {
1081 SELECT 'abc' REGEXP 'def'
1082 } {1 {no such function: REGEXP}}
1085 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-33693-50180 The REGEXP operator is a special syntax for
1086 # the regexp() user function.
1088 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-65524-61849 If an application-defined SQL function
1089 # named "regexp" is added at run-time, then the "X REGEXP Y" operator
1090 # will be implemented as a call to "regexp(Y,X)".
1092 proc regexpfunc {args} {
1093 eval lappend ::regexpargs $args
1096 db func regexp -argcount 2 regexpfunc
1097 set ::regexpargs [list]
1098 do_execsql_test e_expr-18.2.1 { SELECT 'abc' REGEXP 'def' } 1
1099 do_test e_expr-18.2.2 { set regexpargs } {def abc}
1100 set ::regexpargs [list]
1101 do_execsql_test e_expr-18.2.3 { SELECT 'X' NOT REGEXP 'Y' } 0
1102 do_test e_expr-18.2.4 { set regexpargs } {Y X}
1105 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-42037-37826 The default match() function implementation
1106 # raises an exception and is not really useful for anything.
1108 do_catchsql_test e_expr-19.1.1 {
1109 SELECT 'abc' MATCH 'def'
1110 } {1 {unable to use function MATCH in the requested context}}
1111 do_catchsql_test e_expr-19.1.2 {
1112 SELECT match('abc', 'def')
1113 } {1 {unable to use function MATCH in the requested context}}
1115 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-37916-47407 The MATCH operator is a special syntax for
1116 # the match() application-defined function.
1118 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-06021-09373 But extensions can override the match()
1119 # function with more helpful logic.
1121 proc matchfunc {args} {
1122 eval lappend ::matchargs $args
1125 db func match -argcount 2 matchfunc
1126 set ::matchargs [list]
1127 do_execsql_test e_expr-19.2.1 { SELECT 'abc' MATCH 'def' } 1
1128 do_test e_expr-19.2.2 { set matchargs } {def abc}
1129 set ::matchargs [list]
1130 do_execsql_test e_expr-19.2.3 { SELECT 'X' NOT MATCH 'Y' } 0
1131 do_test e_expr-19.2.4 { set matchargs } {Y X}
1134 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
1135 # Test cases for the testable statements related to the CASE expression.
1137 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-15199-61389 There are two basic forms of the CASE
1138 # expression: those with a base expression and those without.
1140 do_execsql_test e_expr-20.1 {
1141 SELECT CASE WHEN 1 THEN 'true' WHEN 0 THEN 'false' ELSE 'else' END;
1143 do_execsql_test e_expr-20.2 {
1144 SELECT CASE 0 WHEN 1 THEN 'true' WHEN 0 THEN 'false' ELSE 'else' END;
1148 lappend ::varlist $nm
1149 return [set "::$nm"]
1153 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-30638-59954 In a CASE without a base expression, each
1154 # WHEN expression is evaluated and the result treated as a boolean,
1155 # starting with the leftmost and continuing to the right.
1157 foreach {a b c} {0 0 0} break
1159 do_execsql_test e_expr-21.1.1 {
1160 SELECT CASE WHEN var('a') THEN 'A'
1161 WHEN var('b') THEN 'B'
1162 WHEN var('c') THEN 'C' END
1164 do_test e_expr-21.1.2 { set varlist } {a b c}
1166 do_execsql_test e_expr-21.1.3 {
1167 SELECT CASE WHEN var('c') THEN 'C'
1168 WHEN var('b') THEN 'B'
1169 WHEN var('a') THEN 'A'
1173 do_test e_expr-21.1.4 { set varlist } {c b a}
1175 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-39009-25596 The result of the CASE expression is the
1176 # evaluation of the THEN expression that corresponds to the first WHEN
1177 # expression that evaluates to true.
1179 foreach {a b c} {0 1 0} break
1180 do_execsql_test e_expr-21.2.1 {
1181 SELECT CASE WHEN var('a') THEN 'A'
1182 WHEN var('b') THEN 'B'
1183 WHEN var('c') THEN 'C'
1187 foreach {a b c} {0 1 1} break
1188 do_execsql_test e_expr-21.2.2 {
1189 SELECT CASE WHEN var('a') THEN 'A'
1190 WHEN var('b') THEN 'B'
1191 WHEN var('c') THEN 'C'
1195 foreach {a b c} {0 0 1} break
1196 do_execsql_test e_expr-21.2.3 {
1197 SELECT CASE WHEN var('a') THEN 'A'
1198 WHEN var('b') THEN 'B'
1199 WHEN var('c') THEN 'C'
1204 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-24227-04807 Or, if none of the WHEN expressions
1205 # evaluate to true, the result of evaluating the ELSE expression, if
1208 foreach {a b c} {0 0 0} break
1209 do_execsql_test e_expr-21.3.1 {
1210 SELECT CASE WHEN var('a') THEN 'A'
1211 WHEN var('b') THEN 'B'
1212 WHEN var('c') THEN 'C'
1217 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-14168-07579 If there is no ELSE expression and none of
1218 # the WHEN expressions are true, then the overall result is NULL.
1221 do_execsql_test e_expr-21.3.2 {
1222 SELECT CASE WHEN var('a') THEN 'A'
1223 WHEN var('b') THEN 'B'
1224 WHEN var('c') THEN 'C'
1229 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-13943-13592 A NULL result is considered untrue when
1230 # evaluating WHEN terms.
1232 do_execsql_test e_expr-21.4.1 {
1233 SELECT CASE WHEN NULL THEN 'A' WHEN 1 THEN 'B' END
1235 do_execsql_test e_expr-21.4.2 {
1236 SELECT CASE WHEN 0 THEN 'A' WHEN NULL THEN 'B' ELSE 'C' END
1239 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-38620-19499 In a CASE with a base expression, the base
1240 # expression is evaluated just once and the result is compared against
1241 # the evaluation of each WHEN expression from left to right.
1243 # Note: This test case tests the "evaluated just once" part of the above
1244 # statement. Tests associated with the next two statements test that the
1245 # comparisons take place.
1247 foreach {a b c} [list [expr 3] [expr 4] [expr 5]] break
1248 set ::varlist [list]
1249 do_execsql_test e_expr-22.1.1 {
1250 SELECT CASE var('a') WHEN 1 THEN 'A' WHEN 2 THEN 'B' WHEN 3 THEN 'C' END
1252 do_test e_expr-22.1.2 { set ::varlist } {a}
1254 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-07667-49537 The result of the CASE expression is the
1255 # evaluation of the THEN expression that corresponds to the first WHEN
1256 # expression for which the comparison is true.
1258 do_execsql_test e_expr-22.2.1 {
1259 SELECT CASE 23 WHEN 1 THEN 'A' WHEN 23 THEN 'B' WHEN 23 THEN 'C' END
1261 do_execsql_test e_expr-22.2.2 {
1262 SELECT CASE 1 WHEN 1 THEN 'A' WHEN 23 THEN 'B' WHEN 23 THEN 'C' END
1265 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-47543-32145 Or, if none of the WHEN expressions
1266 # evaluate to a value equal to the base expression, the result of
1267 # evaluating the ELSE expression, if any.
1269 do_execsql_test e_expr-22.3.1 {
1270 SELECT CASE 24 WHEN 1 THEN 'A' WHEN 23 THEN 'B' WHEN 23 THEN 'C' ELSE 'D' END
1273 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-54721-48557 If there is no ELSE expression and none of
1274 # the WHEN expressions produce a result equal to the base expression,
1275 # the overall result is NULL.
1277 do_execsql_test e_expr-22.4.1 {
1278 SELECT CASE 24 WHEN 1 THEN 'A' WHEN 23 THEN 'B' WHEN 23 THEN 'C' END
1281 do_execsql_test e_expr-22.4.2 {
1282 SELECT CASE 24 WHEN 1 THEN 'A' WHEN 23 THEN 'B' WHEN 23 THEN 'C' END
1286 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-11479-62774 When comparing a base expression against a
1287 # WHEN expression, the same collating sequence, affinity, and
1288 # NULL-handling rules apply as if the base expression and WHEN
1289 # expression are respectively the left- and right-hand operands of an =
1294 set chars [split $str]
1295 for {set i [expr [llength $chars]-1]} {$i>=0} {incr i -1} {
1296 append ret [lindex $chars $i]
1300 proc reverse {lhs rhs} {
1301 string compare [rev $lhs] [rev $rhs]
1303 db collate reverse reverse
1304 do_execsql_test e_expr-23.1.1 {
1306 a TEXT COLLATE NOCASE,
1311 INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('abc', 'cba', 55, 34.5);
1313 do_execsql_test e_expr-23.1.2 {
1314 SELECT CASE a WHEN 'xyz' THEN 'A' WHEN 'AbC' THEN 'B' END FROM t1
1316 do_execsql_test e_expr-23.1.3 {
1317 SELECT CASE 'AbC' WHEN 'abc' THEN 'A' WHEN a THEN 'B' END FROM t1
1319 do_execsql_test e_expr-23.1.4 {
1320 SELECT CASE a WHEN b THEN 'A' ELSE 'B' END FROM t1
1322 do_execsql_test e_expr-23.1.5 {
1323 SELECT CASE b WHEN a THEN 'A' ELSE 'B' END FROM t1
1325 do_execsql_test e_expr-23.1.6 {
1326 SELECT CASE 55 WHEN '55' THEN 'A' ELSE 'B' END
1328 do_execsql_test e_expr-23.1.7 {
1329 SELECT CASE c WHEN '55' THEN 'A' ELSE 'B' END FROM t1
1331 do_execsql_test e_expr-23.1.8 {
1332 SELECT CASE '34.5' WHEN d THEN 'A' ELSE 'B' END FROM t1
1334 do_execsql_test e_expr-23.1.9 {
1335 SELECT CASE NULL WHEN NULL THEN 'A' ELSE 'B' END
1338 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-37304-39405 If the base expression is NULL then the
1339 # result of the CASE is always the result of evaluating the ELSE
1340 # expression if it exists, or NULL if it does not.
1342 do_execsql_test e_expr-24.1.1 {
1343 SELECT CASE NULL WHEN 'abc' THEN 'A' WHEN 'def' THEN 'B' END;
1345 do_execsql_test e_expr-24.1.2 {
1346 SELECT CASE NULL WHEN 'abc' THEN 'A' WHEN 'def' THEN 'B' ELSE 'C' END;
1349 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-56280-17369 Both forms of the CASE expression use lazy,
1350 # or short-circuit, evaluation.
1353 foreach {a b c} {0 1 0} break
1354 do_execsql_test e_expr-25.1.1 {
1355 SELECT CASE WHEN var('a') THEN 'A'
1356 WHEN var('b') THEN 'B'
1357 WHEN var('c') THEN 'C'
1360 do_test e_expr-25.1.2 { set ::varlist } {a b}
1362 do_execsql_test e_expr-25.1.3 {
1363 SELECT CASE '0' WHEN var('a') THEN 'A'
1364 WHEN var('b') THEN 'B'
1365 WHEN var('c') THEN 'C'
1368 do_test e_expr-25.1.4 { set ::varlist } {a}
1370 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-34773-62253 The only difference between the following
1371 # two CASE expressions is that the x expression is evaluated exactly
1372 # once in the first example but might be evaluated multiple times in the
1373 # second: CASE x WHEN w1 THEN r1 WHEN w2 THEN r2 ELSE r3 END CASE WHEN
1374 # x=w1 THEN r1 WHEN x=w2 THEN r2 ELSE r3 END
1383 do_execsql_test e_expr-26.1.1 {
1384 CREATE TABLE t2(x, w1, r1, w2, r2, r3);
1385 INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(1, 1, 'R1', 2, 'R2', 'R3');
1386 INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(2, 1, 'R1', 2, 'R2', 'R3');
1387 INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(3, 1, 'R1', 2, 'R2', 'R3');
1389 do_execsql_test e_expr-26.1.2 {
1390 SELECT CASE x WHEN w1 THEN r1 WHEN w2 THEN r2 ELSE r3 END FROM t2
1392 do_execsql_test e_expr-26.1.3 {
1393 SELECT CASE WHEN x=w1 THEN r1 WHEN x=w2 THEN r2 ELSE r3 END FROM t2
1396 do_execsql_test e_expr-26.1.4 {
1397 SELECT CASE ceval(x) WHEN w1 THEN r1 WHEN w2 THEN r2 ELSE r3 END FROM t2
1399 do_test e_expr-26.1.5 { set ::evalcount } {3}
1401 do_execsql_test e_expr-26.1.6 {
1403 WHEN ceval(x)=w1 THEN r1
1404 WHEN ceval(x)=w2 THEN r2
1408 do_test e_expr-26.1.6 { set ::evalcount } {5}
1411 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
1412 # Test statements related to CAST expressions.
1414 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-20854-17109 A CAST conversion is similar to the
1415 # conversion that takes place when a column affinity is applied to a
1416 # value except that with the CAST operator the conversion always takes
1417 # place even if the conversion lossy and irreversible, whereas column
1418 # affinity only changes the data type of a value if the change is
1419 # lossless and reversible.
1421 do_execsql_test e_expr-27.1.1 {
1422 CREATE TABLE t3(a TEXT, b REAL, c INTEGER);
1423 INSERT INTO t3 VALUES(X'555655', '1.23abc', 4.5);
1424 SELECT typeof(a), a, typeof(b), b, typeof(c), c FROM t3;
1425 } {blob UVU text 1.23abc real 4.5}
1426 do_execsql_test e_expr-27.1.2 {
1428 typeof(CAST(X'555655' as TEXT)), CAST(X'555655' as TEXT),
1429 typeof(CAST('1.23abc' as REAL)), CAST('1.23abc' as REAL),
1430 typeof(CAST(4.5 as INTEGER)), CAST(4.5 as INTEGER)
1431 } {text UVU real 1.23 integer 4}
1433 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-32434-09092 If the value of expr is NULL, then the
1434 # result of the CAST expression is also NULL.
1436 do_expr_test e_expr-27.2.1 { CAST(NULL AS integer) } null {}
1437 do_expr_test e_expr-27.2.2 { CAST(NULL AS text) } null {}
1438 do_expr_test e_expr-27.2.3 { CAST(NULL AS blob) } null {}
1439 do_expr_test e_expr-27.2.4 { CAST(NULL AS number) } null {}
1441 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-29283-15561 Otherwise, the storage class of the result
1442 # is determined by applying the rules for determining column affinity to
1445 # The R-29283-15561 requirement above is demonstrated by all of the
1446 # subsequent e_expr-26 tests.
1448 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-43522-35548 Casting a value to a type-name with no
1449 # affinity causes the value to be converted into a BLOB.
1451 do_expr_test e_expr-27.3.1 { CAST('abc' AS blob) } blob abc
1452 do_expr_test e_expr-27.3.2 { CAST('def' AS shobblob_x) } blob def
1453 do_expr_test e_expr-27.3.3 { CAST('ghi' AS abbLOb10) } blob ghi
1455 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-22956-37754 Casting to a BLOB consists of first casting
1456 # the value to TEXT in the encoding of the database connection, then
1457 # interpreting the resulting byte sequence as a BLOB instead of as TEXT.
1459 do_qexpr_test e_expr-27.4.1 { CAST('ghi' AS blob) } X'676869'
1460 do_qexpr_test e_expr-27.4.2 { CAST(456 AS blob) } X'343536'
1461 do_qexpr_test e_expr-27.4.3 { CAST(1.78 AS blob) } X'312E3738'
1465 db eval { PRAGMA encoding = 'utf-16le' }
1466 do_qexpr_test e_expr-27.4.4 { CAST('ghi' AS blob) } X'670068006900'
1467 do_qexpr_test e_expr-27.4.5 { CAST(456 AS blob) } X'340035003600'
1468 do_qexpr_test e_expr-27.4.6 { CAST(1.78 AS blob) } X'31002E0037003800'
1472 db eval { PRAGMA encoding = 'utf-16be' }
1474 do_qexpr_test e_expr-27.4.7 { CAST('ghi' AS blob) } X'006700680069'
1475 do_qexpr_test e_expr-27.4.8 { CAST(456 AS blob) } X'003400350036'
1476 do_qexpr_test e_expr-27.4.9 { CAST(1.78 AS blob) } X'0031002E00370038'
1481 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-04207-37981 To cast a BLOB value to TEXT, the sequence
1482 # of bytes that make up the BLOB is interpreted as text encoded using
1483 # the database encoding.
1485 do_expr_test e_expr-28.1.1 { CAST (X'676869' AS text) } text ghi
1486 do_expr_test e_expr-28.1.2 { CAST (X'670068006900' AS text) } text g
1489 db eval { PRAGMA encoding = 'utf-16le' }
1491 do_expr_test e_expr-28.1.3 { CAST (X'676869' AS text) == 'ghi' } integer 0
1492 do_expr_test e_expr-28.1.4 { CAST (X'670068006900' AS text) } text ghi
1497 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-22235-47006 Casting an INTEGER or REAL value into TEXT
1498 # renders the value as if via sqlite3_snprintf() except that the
1499 # resulting TEXT uses the encoding of the database connection.
1501 do_expr_test e_expr-28.2.1 { CAST (1 AS text) } text 1
1502 do_expr_test e_expr-28.2.2 { CAST (45 AS text) } text 45
1503 do_expr_test e_expr-28.2.3 { CAST (-45 AS text) } text -45
1504 do_expr_test e_expr-28.2.4 { CAST (8.8 AS text) } text 8.8
1505 do_expr_test e_expr-28.2.5 { CAST (2.3e+5 AS text) } text 230000.0
1506 do_expr_test e_expr-28.2.6 { CAST (-2.3e-5 AS text) } text -2.3e-05
1507 do_expr_test e_expr-28.2.7 { CAST (0.0 AS text) } text 0.0
1508 do_expr_test e_expr-28.2.7 { CAST (0 AS text) } text 0
1510 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-26346-36443 When casting a BLOB value to a REAL, the
1511 # value is first converted to TEXT.
1513 do_expr_test e_expr-29.1.1 { CAST (X'312E3233' AS REAL) } real 1.23
1514 do_expr_test e_expr-29.1.2 { CAST (X'3233302E30' AS REAL) } real 230.0
1515 do_expr_test e_expr-29.1.3 { CAST (X'2D392E3837' AS REAL) } real -9.87
1516 do_expr_test e_expr-29.1.4 { CAST (X'302E30303031' AS REAL) } real 0.0001
1520 db eval { PRAGMA encoding = 'utf-16le' }
1521 do_expr_test e_expr-29.1.5 {
1522 CAST (X'31002E0032003300' AS REAL) } real 1.23
1523 do_expr_test e_expr-29.1.6 {
1524 CAST (X'3200330030002E003000' AS REAL) } real 230.0
1525 do_expr_test e_expr-29.1.7 {
1526 CAST (X'2D0039002E0038003700' AS REAL) } real -9.87
1527 do_expr_test e_expr-29.1.8 {
1528 CAST (X'30002E003000300030003100' AS REAL) } real 0.0001
1533 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-54898-34554 When casting a TEXT value to REAL, the
1534 # longest possible prefix of the value that can be interpreted as a real
1535 # number is extracted from the TEXT value and the remainder ignored.
1537 do_expr_test e_expr-29.2.1 { CAST('1.23abcd' AS REAL) } real 1.23
1538 do_expr_test e_expr-29.2.2 { CAST('1.45.23abcd' AS REAL) } real 1.45
1539 do_expr_test e_expr-29.2.3 { CAST('-2.12e-01ABC' AS REAL) } real -0.212
1540 do_expr_test e_expr-29.2.4 { CAST('1 2 3 4' AS REAL) } real 1.0
1542 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-11321-47427 Any leading spaces in the TEXT value are
1543 # ignored when converging from TEXT to REAL.
1545 do_expr_test e_expr-29.3.1 { CAST(' 1.23abcd' AS REAL) } real 1.23
1546 do_expr_test e_expr-29.3.2 { CAST(' 1.45.23abcd' AS REAL) } real 1.45
1547 do_expr_test e_expr-29.3.3 { CAST(' -2.12e-01ABC' AS REAL) } real -0.212
1548 do_expr_test e_expr-29.3.4 { CAST(' 1 2 3 4' AS REAL) } real 1.0
1550 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-22662-28218 If there is no prefix that can be
1551 # interpreted as a real number, the result of the conversion is 0.0.
1553 do_expr_test e_expr-29.4.1 { CAST('' AS REAL) } real 0.0
1554 do_expr_test e_expr-29.4.2 { CAST('not a number' AS REAL) } real 0.0
1555 do_expr_test e_expr-29.4.3 { CAST('XXI' AS REAL) } real 0.0
1557 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-21829-14563 When casting a BLOB value to INTEGER, the
1558 # value is first converted to TEXT.
1560 do_expr_test e_expr-30.1.1 { CAST(X'313233' AS INTEGER) } integer 123
1561 do_expr_test e_expr-30.1.2 { CAST(X'2D363738' AS INTEGER) } integer -678
1562 do_expr_test e_expr-30.1.3 {
1563 CAST(X'31303030303030' AS INTEGER)
1565 do_expr_test e_expr-30.1.4 {
1566 CAST(X'2D31313235383939393036383432363234' AS INTEGER)
1567 } integer -1125899906842624
1572 execsql { PRAGMA encoding = 'utf-16be' }
1573 do_expr_test e_expr-30.1.5 { CAST(X'003100320033' AS INTEGER) } integer 123
1574 do_expr_test e_expr-30.1.6 { CAST(X'002D003600370038' AS INTEGER) } integer -678
1575 do_expr_test e_expr-30.1.7 {
1576 CAST(X'0031003000300030003000300030' AS INTEGER)
1578 do_expr_test e_expr-30.1.8 {
1579 CAST(X'002D0031003100320035003800390039003900300036003800340032003600320034' AS INTEGER)
1580 } integer -1125899906842624
1585 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-47612-45842 When casting a TEXT value to INTEGER, the
1586 # longest possible prefix of the value that can be interpreted as an
1587 # integer number is extracted from the TEXT value and the remainder
1590 do_expr_test e_expr-30.2.1 { CAST('123abcd' AS INT) } integer 123
1591 do_expr_test e_expr-30.2.2 { CAST('14523abcd' AS INT) } integer 14523
1592 do_expr_test e_expr-30.2.3 { CAST('-2.12e-01ABC' AS INT) } integer -2
1593 do_expr_test e_expr-30.2.4 { CAST('1 2 3 4' AS INT) } integer 1
1595 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-34400-33772 Any leading spaces in the TEXT value when
1596 # converting from TEXT to INTEGER are ignored.
1598 do_expr_test e_expr-30.3.1 { CAST(' 123abcd' AS INT) } integer 123
1599 do_expr_test e_expr-30.3.2 { CAST(' 14523abcd' AS INT) } integer 14523
1600 do_expr_test e_expr-30.3.3 { CAST(' -2.12e-01ABC' AS INT) } integer -2
1601 do_expr_test e_expr-30.3.4 { CAST(' 1 2 3 4' AS INT) } integer 1
1603 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-43164-44276 If there is no prefix that can be
1604 # interpreted as an integer number, the result of the conversion is 0.
1606 do_expr_test e_expr-30.4.1 { CAST('' AS INTEGER) } integer 0
1607 do_expr_test e_expr-30.4.2 { CAST('not a number' AS INTEGER) } integer 0
1608 do_expr_test e_expr-30.4.3 { CAST('XXI' AS INTEGER) } integer 0
1610 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-08980-53124 The CAST operator understands decimal
1611 # integers only — conversion of hexadecimal integers stops at
1612 # the "x" in the "0x" prefix of the hexadecimal integer string and thus
1613 # result of the CAST is always zero.
1614 do_expr_test e_expr-30.5.1 { CAST('0x1234' AS INTEGER) } integer 0
1615 do_expr_test e_expr-30.5.2 { CAST('0X1234' AS INTEGER) } integer 0
1617 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-02752-50091 A cast of a REAL value into an INTEGER
1618 # results in the integer between the REAL value and zero that is closest
1619 # to the REAL value.
1621 do_expr_test e_expr-31.1.1 { CAST(3.14159 AS INTEGER) } integer 3
1622 do_expr_test e_expr-31.1.2 { CAST(1.99999 AS INTEGER) } integer 1
1623 do_expr_test e_expr-31.1.3 { CAST(-1.99999 AS INTEGER) } integer -1
1624 do_expr_test e_expr-31.1.4 { CAST(-0.99999 AS INTEGER) } integer 0
1626 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-51517-40824 If a REAL is greater than the greatest
1627 # possible signed integer (+9223372036854775807) then the result is the
1628 # greatest possible signed integer and if the REAL is less than the
1629 # least possible signed integer (-9223372036854775808) then the result
1630 # is the least possible signed integer.
1632 do_expr_test e_expr-31.2.1 { CAST(2e+50 AS INT) } integer 9223372036854775807
1633 do_expr_test e_expr-31.2.2 { CAST(-2e+50 AS INT) } integer -9223372036854775808
1634 do_expr_test e_expr-31.2.3 {
1635 CAST(-9223372036854775809.0 AS INT)
1636 } integer -9223372036854775808
1637 do_expr_test e_expr-31.2.4 {
1638 CAST(9223372036854775809.0 AS INT)
1639 } integer 9223372036854775807
1642 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-09295-61337 Casting a TEXT or BLOB value into NUMERIC
1643 # first does a forced conversion into REAL but then further converts the
1644 # result into INTEGER if and only if the conversion from REAL to INTEGER
1645 # is lossless and reversible.
1647 do_expr_test e_expr-32.1.1 { CAST('45' AS NUMERIC) } integer 45
1648 do_expr_test e_expr-32.1.2 { CAST('45.0' AS NUMERIC) } integer 45
1649 do_expr_test e_expr-32.1.3 { CAST('45.2' AS NUMERIC) } real 45.2
1650 do_expr_test e_expr-32.1.4 { CAST('11abc' AS NUMERIC) } integer 11
1651 do_expr_test e_expr-32.1.5 { CAST('11.1abc' AS NUMERIC) } real 11.1
1653 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-30347-18702 Casting a REAL or INTEGER value to NUMERIC
1654 # is a no-op, even if a real value could be losslessly converted to an
1657 do_expr_test e_expr-32.2.1 { CAST(13.0 AS NUMERIC) } real 13.0
1658 do_expr_test e_expr-32.2.2 { CAST(13.5 AS NUMERIC) } real 13.5
1660 do_expr_test e_expr-32.2.3 {
1661 CAST(-9223372036854775808 AS NUMERIC)
1662 } integer -9223372036854775808
1663 do_expr_test e_expr-32.2.4 {
1664 CAST(9223372036854775807 AS NUMERIC)
1665 } integer 9223372036854775807
1666 do_expr_test e_expr-32.2.5 {
1667 CAST('9223372036854775807 ' AS NUMERIC)
1668 } integer 9223372036854775807
1669 do_expr_test e_expr-32.2.6 {
1670 CAST(' 9223372036854775807 ' AS NUMERIC)
1671 } integer 9223372036854775807
1672 do_expr_test e_expr-32.2.7 {
1673 CAST(' ' AS NUMERIC)
1675 do_execsql_test e_expr-32.2.8 {
1676 WITH t1(x) AS (VALUES
1677 ('9000000000000000001'),
1678 ('9000000000000000001x'),
1679 ('9000000000000000001 '),
1680 (' 9000000000000000001 '),
1681 (' 9000000000000000001'),
1682 (' 9000000000000000001.'),
1683 ('9223372036854775807'),
1684 ('9223372036854775807 '),
1685 (' 9223372036854775807 '),
1686 ('9223372036854775808'),
1687 (' 9223372036854775808 '),
1688 ('9223372036854775807.0'),
1689 ('9223372036854775807e+0'),
1692 SELECT typeof(CAST(x AS NUMERIC)), CAST(x AS NUMERIC)||'' FROM t1;
1694 integer 9000000000000000001 \
1695 integer 9000000000000000001 \
1696 integer 9000000000000000001 \
1697 integer 9000000000000000001 \
1698 integer 9000000000000000001 \
1699 integer 9000000000000000001 \
1700 integer 9223372036854775807 \
1701 integer 9223372036854775807 \
1702 integer 9223372036854775807 \
1703 real 9.22337203685478e+18 \
1704 real 9.22337203685478e+18 \
1705 integer 9223372036854775807 \
1706 integer 9223372036854775807 \
1711 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-64550-29191 Note that the result from casting any
1712 # non-BLOB value into a BLOB and the result from casting any BLOB value
1713 # into a non-BLOB value may be different depending on whether the
1714 # database encoding is UTF-8, UTF-16be, or UTF-16le.
1717 sqlite3 db1 :memory: ; db1 eval { PRAGMA encoding = 'utf-8' }
1718 sqlite3 db2 :memory: ; db2 eval { PRAGMA encoding = 'utf-16le' }
1719 sqlite3 db3 :memory: ; db3 eval { PRAGMA encoding = 'utf-16be' }
1720 foreach {tn castexpr differs} {
1721 1 { CAST(123 AS BLOB) } 1
1722 2 { CAST('' AS BLOB) } 0
1723 3 { CAST('abcd' AS BLOB) } 1
1725 4 { CAST(X'abcd' AS TEXT) } 1
1726 5 { CAST(X'' AS TEXT) } 0
1728 set r1 [db1 eval "SELECT typeof($castexpr), quote($castexpr)"]
1729 set r2 [db2 eval "SELECT typeof($castexpr), quote($castexpr)"]
1730 set r3 [db3 eval "SELECT typeof($castexpr), quote($castexpr)"]
1733 set res [expr {$r1!=$r2 && $r2!=$r3}]
1735 set res [expr {$r1==$r2 && $r2==$r3}]
1738 do_test e_expr-33.1.$tn {set res} 1
1745 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
1746 # Test statements related to the EXISTS and NOT EXISTS operators.
1752 do_execsql_test e_expr-34.1 {
1753 CREATE TABLE t1(a, b);
1754 INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1, 2);
1755 INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(NULL, 2);
1756 INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1, NULL);
1757 INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(NULL, NULL);
1760 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-25588-27181 The EXISTS operator always evaluates to one
1761 # of the integer values 0 and 1.
1763 # This statement is not tested by itself. Instead, all e_expr-34.* tests
1764 # following this point explicitly test that specific invocations of EXISTS
1765 # return either integer 0 or integer 1.
1768 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-58553-63740 If executing the SELECT statement specified
1769 # as the right-hand operand of the EXISTS operator would return one or
1770 # more rows, then the EXISTS operator evaluates to 1.
1773 1 { EXISTS ( SELECT a FROM t1 ) }
1774 2 { EXISTS ( SELECT b FROM t1 ) }
1775 3 { EXISTS ( SELECT 24 ) }
1776 4 { EXISTS ( SELECT NULL ) }
1777 5 { EXISTS ( SELECT a FROM t1 WHERE a IS NULL ) }
1779 do_expr_test e_expr-34.2.$tn $expr integer 1
1782 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-19673-40972 If executing the SELECT would return no
1783 # rows at all, then the EXISTS operator evaluates to 0.
1786 1 { EXISTS ( SELECT a FROM t1 WHERE 0) }
1787 2 { EXISTS ( SELECT b FROM t1 WHERE a = 5) }
1788 3 { EXISTS ( SELECT 24 WHERE 0) }
1789 4 { EXISTS ( SELECT NULL WHERE 1=2) }
1791 do_expr_test e_expr-34.3.$tn $expr integer 0
1794 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-35109-49139 The number of columns in each row returned
1795 # by the SELECT statement (if any) and the specific values returned have
1796 # no effect on the results of the EXISTS operator.
1798 foreach {tn expr res} {
1799 1 { EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM t1 ) } 1
1800 2 { EXISTS ( SELECT *, *, * FROM t1 ) } 1
1801 3 { EXISTS ( SELECT 24, 25 ) } 1
1802 4 { EXISTS ( SELECT NULL, NULL, NULL ) } 1
1803 5 { EXISTS ( SELECT a,b,a||b FROM t1 WHERE a IS NULL ) } 1
1805 6 { EXISTS ( SELECT a, a FROM t1 WHERE 0) } 0
1806 7 { EXISTS ( SELECT b, b, a FROM t1 WHERE a = 5) } 0
1807 8 { EXISTS ( SELECT 24, 46, 89 WHERE 0) } 0
1808 9 { EXISTS ( SELECT NULL, NULL WHERE 1=2) } 0
1810 do_expr_test e_expr-34.4.$tn $expr integer $res
1813 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-10645-12439 In particular, rows containing NULL values
1814 # are not handled any differently from rows without NULL values.
1816 foreach {tn e1 e2} {
1817 1 { EXISTS (SELECT 'not null') } { EXISTS (SELECT NULL) }
1818 2 { EXISTS (SELECT NULL FROM t1) } { EXISTS (SELECT 'bread' FROM t1) }
1820 set res [db one "SELECT $e1"]
1821 do_expr_test e_expr-34.5.${tn}a $e1 integer $res
1822 do_expr_test e_expr-34.5.${tn}b $e2 integer $res
1825 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
1826 # Test statements related to scalar sub-queries.
1832 do_test e_expr-35.0 {
1834 CREATE TABLE t2(a, b);
1835 INSERT INTO t2 VALUES('one', 'two');
1836 INSERT INTO t2 VALUES('three', NULL);
1837 INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(4, 5.0);
1841 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-43573-23448 A SELECT statement enclosed in parentheses
1844 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-56294-03966 All types of SELECT statement, including
1845 # aggregate and compound SELECT queries (queries with keywords like
1846 # UNION or EXCEPT) are allowed as scalar subqueries.
1848 do_expr_test e_expr-35.1.1 { (SELECT 35) } integer 35
1849 do_expr_test e_expr-35.1.2 { (SELECT NULL) } null {}
1851 do_expr_test e_expr-35.1.3 { (SELECT count(*) FROM t2) } integer 3
1852 do_expr_test e_expr-35.1.4 { (SELECT 4 FROM t2) } integer 4
1854 do_expr_test e_expr-35.1.5 {
1855 (SELECT b FROM t2 UNION SELECT a+1 FROM t2)
1857 do_expr_test e_expr-35.1.6 {
1858 (SELECT a FROM t2 UNION SELECT COALESCE(b, 55) FROM t2 ORDER BY 1)
1861 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-22239-33740 A subquery that returns two or more columns
1862 # is a row value subquery and can only be used as the operand of a
1863 # comparison operator.
1865 # The following block tests that errors are returned in a bunch of cases
1866 # where a subquery returns more than one column.
1868 set M {/1 {sub-select returns [23] columns - expected 1}/}
1870 1 { SELECT (SELECT * FROM t2 UNION SELECT a+1, b+1 FROM t2) }
1871 2 { SELECT (SELECT * FROM t2 UNION SELECT a+1, b+1 FROM t2 ORDER BY 1) }
1872 3 { SELECT (SELECT 1, 2) }
1873 4 { SELECT (SELECT NULL, NULL, NULL) }
1874 5 { SELECT (SELECT * FROM t2) }
1875 6 { SELECT (SELECT * FROM (SELECT 1, 2, 3)) }
1877 do_catchsql_test e_expr-35.2.$tn $sql $M
1880 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-18318-14995 The value of a subquery expression is the
1881 # first row of the result from the enclosed SELECT statement.
1883 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-15900-52156 In other words, an implied "LIMIT 1" is
1884 # added to the subquery, overriding an explicitly coded LIMIT.
1886 do_execsql_test e_expr-36.3.1 {
1887 CREATE TABLE t4(x, y);
1888 INSERT INTO t4 VALUES(1, 'one');
1889 INSERT INTO t4 VALUES(2, 'two');
1890 INSERT INTO t4 VALUES(3, 'three');
1893 foreach {tn expr restype resval} {
1894 2 { ( SELECT x FROM t4 ORDER BY x ) } integer 1
1895 3 { ( SELECT x FROM t4 ORDER BY y ) } integer 1
1896 4 { ( SELECT x FROM t4 ORDER BY x DESC ) } integer 3
1897 5 { ( SELECT x FROM t4 ORDER BY y DESC ) } integer 2
1898 6 { ( SELECT y FROM t4 ORDER BY y DESC ) } text two
1900 7 { ( SELECT sum(x) FROM t4 ) } integer 6
1901 8 { ( SELECT group_concat(y,'') FROM t4 ) } text onetwothree
1902 9 { ( SELECT max(x) FROM t4 WHERE y LIKE '___') } integer 2
1905 do_expr_test e_expr-36.3.$tn $expr $restype $resval
1908 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-52325-25449 The value of a subquery expression is NULL
1909 # if the enclosed SELECT statement returns no rows.
1912 1 { ( SELECT x FROM t4 WHERE x>3 ORDER BY x ) }
1913 2 { ( SELECT x FROM t4 WHERE y<'one' ORDER BY y ) }
1915 do_expr_test e_expr-36.4.$tn $expr null {}
1918 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-62477-06476 For example, the values NULL, 0.0, 0,
1919 # 'english' and '0' are all considered to be false.
1921 do_execsql_test e_expr-37.1 {
1922 SELECT CASE WHEN NULL THEN 'true' ELSE 'false' END;
1924 do_execsql_test e_expr-37.2 {
1925 SELECT CASE WHEN 0.0 THEN 'true' ELSE 'false' END;
1927 do_execsql_test e_expr-37.3 {
1928 SELECT CASE WHEN 0 THEN 'true' ELSE 'false' END;
1930 do_execsql_test e_expr-37.4 {
1931 SELECT CASE WHEN 'engligh' THEN 'true' ELSE 'false' END;
1933 do_execsql_test e_expr-37.5 {
1934 SELECT CASE WHEN '0' THEN 'true' ELSE 'false' END;
1937 # EVIDENCE-OF: R-55532-10108 Values 1, 1.0, 0.1, -0.1 and '1english' are
1938 # considered to be true.
1940 do_execsql_test e_expr-37.6 {
1941 SELECT CASE WHEN 1 THEN 'true' ELSE 'false' END;
1943 do_execsql_test e_expr-37.7 {
1944 SELECT CASE WHEN 1.0 THEN 'true' ELSE 'false' END;
1946 do_execsql_test e_expr-37.8 {
1947 SELECT CASE WHEN 0.1 THEN 'true' ELSE 'false' END;
1949 do_execsql_test e_expr-37.9 {
1950 SELECT CASE WHEN -0.1 THEN 'true' ELSE 'false' END;
1952 do_execsql_test e_expr-37.10 {
1953 SELECT CASE WHEN '1english' THEN 'true' ELSE 'false' END;