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  95 <h2>GNU General Public License, version 2</h2>
  96
  97 <!-- Please keep this list alphabetical -->
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 104
 105 <ul>
 106   <li><a href="/licenses/gpl-violation.html">What to do if you see a
 107        possible GPL violation</a></li>
 108   <li><a href="/licenses/old-licenses/gpl-2.0-translations.html">Translations
 109        of the GPL</a></li>
 110   <li><a href="/licenses/old-licenses/gpl-2.0-faq.html">GPL Frequently
 111   Asked Questions</a></li>
 112   <li>The GNU General Public License (GPL)
 113        <a href="gpl-2.0.txt">in plain text format</a></li>
 114   <li>The GNU General Public License (GPL)
 115        <a href="gpl-2.0.texi">in Texinfo format</a></li>
 116   <li>The GNU General Public License (GPL)
 117        <a href="gpl-2.0.tex">in LaTeX format</a></li>
 118   <li>The GNU General Public License (GPL)
 119        <a href="gpl-2.0.dbk">as an appendix in DocBook format</a></li>
 120 </ul>
 121
 122 <hr />
 123
 124 <h3>Table of Contents</h3>
 125 <ul>
 126
 127   <li><a name="TOC1" href="gpl-2.0.html#SEC1">GNU GENERAL PUBLIC
 128   LICENSE<!--TRANSLATORS: Don't translate the license; copy msgid's
 129   verbatim!--></a>
 130     <ul>
 131       <li><a name="TOC2" href="gpl-2.0.html#SEC2">Preamble</a></li>
 132       <li><a name="TOC3" href="gpl-2.0.html#SEC3">TERMS AND CONDITIONS
 133       FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION</a></li>
 134       <li><a name="TOC4" href="gpl-2.0.html#SEC4">How to Apply These
 135       Terms to Your New Programs</a></li>
 136     </ul></li>
 137 </ul>
 138
 139 <hr />
 140
 141 <h3><a name="SEC1" href="gpl-2.0.html#TOC1">GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</a></h3>
 142 <p>
 143 Version 2, June 1991
 144 </p>
 145
 146 <pre>
 147 Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 148 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA
 149
 150 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
 151 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
 152 </pre>
 153
 154 <h3><a name="preamble"></a><a name="SEC2" href="gpl-2.0.html#TOC2">Preamble</a></h3>
 155
 156 <p>
 157   The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
 158 freedom to share and change it.  By contrast, the GNU General Public
 159 License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
 160 software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.  This
 161 General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
 162 Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
 163 using it.  (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
 164 the GNU Lesser General Public License instead.)  You can apply it to
 165 your programs, too.
 166 </p>
 167
 168 <p>
 169   When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
 170 price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
 171 have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
 172 this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
 173 if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
 174 in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
 175 </p>
 176
 177 <p>
 178   To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
 179 anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
 180 These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
 181 distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
 182 </p>
 183
 184 <p>
 185   For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
 186 gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
 187 you have.  You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
 188 source code.  And you must show them these terms so they know their
 189 rights.
 190 </p>
 191
 192 <p>
 193   We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
 194 (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
 195 distribute and/or modify the software.
 196 </p>
 197
 198 <p>
 199   Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
 200 that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
 201 software.  If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
 202 want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
 203 that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
 204 authors' reputations.
 205 </p>
 206
 207 <p>
 208   Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
 209 patents.  We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
 210 program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the
 211 program proprietary.  To prevent this, we have made it clear that any
 212 patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
 213 </p>
 214
 215 <p>
 216   The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
 217 modification follow.
 218 </p>
 219
 220
 221 <h3><a name="terms"></a><a name="SEC3" href="gpl-2.0.html#TOC3">TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION</a></h3>
 222
 223
 224 <a name="section0"></a><p>
 225 <strong>0.</strong>
 226  This License applies to any program or other work which contains
 227 a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
 228 under the terms of this General Public License.  The "Program", below,
 229 refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program"
 230 means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law:
 231 that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it,
 232 either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another
 233 language.  (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in
 234 the term "modification".)  Each licensee is addressed as "you".
 235 </p>
 236
 237 <p>
 238 Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
 239 covered by this License; they are outside its scope.  The act of
 240 running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program
 241 is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the
 242 Program (independent of having been made by running the Program).
 243 Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
 244 </p>
 245
 246 <a name="section1"></a><p>
 247 <strong>1.</strong>
 248  You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
 249 source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
 250 conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
 251 copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
 252 notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;
 253 and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License
 254 along with the Program.
 255 </p>
 256
 257 <p>
 258 You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
 259 you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
 260 </p>
 261
 262 <a name="section2"></a><p>
 263 <strong>2.</strong>
 264  You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion
 265 of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
 266 distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
 267 above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
 268 </p>
 269
 270 <dl>
 271   <dt></dt>
 272     <dd>
 273       <strong>a)</strong>
 274       You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
 275       stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
 276     </dd>
 277   <dt></dt>
 278     <dd>
 279       <strong>b)</strong>
 280       You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
 281       whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any
 282       part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third
 283       parties under the terms of this License.
 284     </dd>
 285   <dt></dt>
 286     <dd>
 287       <strong>c)</strong>
 288       If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
 289       when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
 290       interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an
 291       announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a
 292       notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide
 293       a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under
 294       these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this
 295       License.  (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but
 296       does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on
 297       the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
 298     </dd>
 299 </dl>
 300
 301 <p>
 302 These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole.  If
 303 identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
 304 and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
 305 themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
 306 sections when you distribute them as separate works.  But when you
 307 distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
 308 on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
 309 this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
 310 entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
 311 </p>
 312
 313 <p>
 314 Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
 315 your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
 316 exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
 317 collective works based on the Program.
 318 </p>
 319
 320 <p>
 321 In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
 322 with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of
 323 a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under
 324 the scope of this License.
 325 </p>
 326
 327 <a name="section3"></a><p>
 328 <strong>3.</strong>
 329  You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
 330 under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
 331 Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
 332 </p>
 333
 334 <!-- we use this doubled UL to get the sub-sections indented, -->
 335 <!-- while making the bullets as unobvious as possible. -->
 336
 337 <dl>
 338   <dt></dt>
 339     <dd>
 340       <strong>a)</strong>
 341       Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
 342       source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections
 343       1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
 344     </dd>
 345   <dt></dt>
 346     <dd>
 347       <strong>b)</strong>
 348       Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
 349       years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your
 350       cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete
 351       machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be
 352       distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
 353       customarily used for software interchange; or,
 354     </dd>
 355   <dt></dt>
 356     <dd>
 357       <strong>c)</strong>
 358       Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
 359       to distribute corresponding source code.  (This alternative is
 360       allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
 361       received the program in object code or executable form with such
 362       an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
 363     </dd>
 364 </dl>
 365
 366 <p>
 367 The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
 368 making modifications to it.  For an executable work, complete source
 369 code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any
 370 associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to
 371 control compilation and installation of the executable.  However, as a
 372 special exception, the source code distributed need not include
 373 anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary
 374 form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the
 375 operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component
 376 itself accompanies the executable.
 377 </p>
 378
 379 <p>
 380 If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
 381 access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent
 382 access to copy the source code from the same place counts as
 383 distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
 384 compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
 385 </p>
 386
 387 <a name="section4"></a><p>
 388 <strong>4.</strong>
 389  You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
 390 except as expressly provided under this License.  Any attempt
 391 otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
 392 void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
 393 However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under
 394 this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
 395 parties remain in full compliance.
 396 </p>
 397
 398 <a name="section5"></a><p>
 399 <strong>5.</strong>
 400  You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
 401 signed it.  However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or
 402 distribute the Program or its derivative works.  These actions are
 403 prohibited by law if you do not accept this License.  Therefore, by
 404 modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the
 405 Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and
 406 all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying
 407 the Program or works based on it.
 408 </p>
 409
 410 <a name="section6"></a><p>
 411 <strong>6.</strong>
 412  Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
 413 Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
 414 original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to
 415 these terms and conditions.  You may not impose any further
 416 restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
 417 You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to
 418 this License.
 419 </p>
 420
 421 <a name="section7"></a><p>
 422 <strong>7.</strong>
 423  If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
 424 infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
 425 conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
 426 otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
 427 excuse you from the conditions of this License.  If you cannot
 428 distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
 429 License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
 430 may not distribute the Program at all.  For example, if a patent
 431 license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by
 432 all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
 433 the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
 434 refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
 435 </p>
 436
 437 <p>
 438 If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under
 439 any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to
 440 apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other
 441 circumstances.
 442 </p>
 443
 444 <p>
 445 It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
 446 patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
 447 such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
 448 integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
 449 implemented by public license practices.  Many people have made
 450 generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
 451 through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
 452 system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing
 453 to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot
 454 impose that choice.
 455 </p>
 456
 457 <p>
 458 This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
 459 be a consequence of the rest of this License.
 460 </p>
 461
 462 <a name="section8"></a><p>
 463 <strong>8.</strong>
 464  If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
 465 certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
 466 original copyright holder who places the Program under this License
 467 may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding
 468 those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among
 469 countries not thus excluded.  In such case, this License incorporates
 470 the limitation as if written in the body of this License.
 471 </p>
 472
 473 <a name="section9"></a><p>
 474 <strong>9.</strong>
 475  The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
 476 of the General Public License from time to time.  Such new versions will
 477 be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
 478 address new problems or concerns.
 479 </p>
 480
 481 <p>
 482 Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the Program
 483 specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any
 484 later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions
 485 either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
 486 Software Foundation.  If the Program does not specify a version number of
 487 this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
 488 Foundation.
 489 </p>
 490
 491 <a name="section10"></a><p>
 492 <strong>10.</strong>
 493  If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
 494 programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
 495 to ask for permission.  For software which is copyrighted by the Free
 496 Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
 497 make exceptions for this.  Our decision will be guided by the two goals
 498 of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
 499 of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
 500 </p>
 501
 502 <a name="section11"></a><p><strong>NO WARRANTY</strong></p>
 503
 504 <p>
 505 <strong>11.</strong>
 506  BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
 507 FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN
 508 OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
 509 PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
 510 OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
 511 MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE RISK AS
 512 TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE
 513 PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
 514 REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
 515 </p>
 516
 517 <a name="section12"></a><p>
 518 <strong>12.</strong>
 519  IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
 520 WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
 521 REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
 522 INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING
 523 OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
 524 TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY
 525 YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
 526 PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
 527 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
 528 </p>
 529
 530 <h3>END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS</h3>
 531
 532 <h3><a name="howto"></a><a name="SEC4" href="gpl-2.0.html#TOC4">How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs</a></h3>
 533
 534 <p>
 535   If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
 536 possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
 537 free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
 538 </p>
 539
 540 <p>
 541   To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
 542 to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
 543 convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
 544 the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
 545 </p>
 546
 547 <pre>
 548 <var>one line to give the program's name and an idea of what it does.</var>
 549 Copyright (C) <var>yyyy</var>  <var>name of author</var>
 550
 551 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 552 modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
 553 as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
 554 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 555
 556 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 557 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 558 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 559 GNU General Public License for more details.
 560
 561 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 562 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 563 Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
 564 </pre>
 565
 566 <p>
 567 Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
 568 </p>
 569
 570 <p>
 571 If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
 572 when it starts in an interactive mode:
 573 </p>
 574
 575 <pre>
 576 Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) <var>year</var> <var>name of author</var>
 577 Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details
 578 type `show w'.  This is free software, and you are welcome
 579 to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c'
 580 for details.
 581 </pre>
 582
 583 <p>
 584 The hypothetical commands <samp>`show w'</samp> and <samp>`show c'</samp> should show
 585 the appropriate parts of the General Public License.  Of course, the
 586 commands you use may be called something other than <samp>`show w'</samp> and
 587 <samp>`show c'</samp>; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever
 588 suits your program.
 589 </p>
 590
 591 <p>
 592 You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
 593 school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if
 594 necessary.  Here is a sample; alter the names:
 595 </p>
 596
 597
 598 <pre>
 599 Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright
 600 interest in the program `Gnomovision'
 601 (which makes passes at compilers) written
 602 by James Hacker.
 603
 604 <var>signature of Ty Coon</var>, 1 April 1989
 605 Ty Coon, President of Vice
 606 </pre>
 607
 608 <p>
 609 This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
 610 proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you may
 611 consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
 612 library.  If this is what you want to do, use the
 613 <a href="/licenses/lgpl.html">GNU Lesser General Public License</a>
 614 instead of this License.
 615 </p>
 616
 617 </div>
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