1 W e l c o m e t o S - n a i l / S - m a i l x
2 ===============================================
4 S-nail (later S-mailx) provides a simple and friendly environment for
5 sending and receiving mail. It is intended to provide the functionality
6 of the POSIX mailx(1) command, but is MIME capable and optionally offers
7 extensions for line editing, S/MIME, SMTP and POP3, among others.
8 S-nail divides incoming mail into its constituent messages and allows
9 the user to deal with them in any order. It offers many commands and
10 internal variables for manipulating messages and sending mail. It
11 provides the user simple editing capabilities to ease the composition of
12 outgoing messages, and increasingly powerful and reliable
13 non-interactive scripting capabilities.
15 Please refer to the file INSTALL for build and installation remarks,
16 and to NEWS for release update information. The file THANKS mentions
17 people who have helped improving and deserve acknowledgement.
19 This software originates in the codebase of Heirloom mailx, formerly
20 known as nail, which itself is based upon Berkeley Mail that has
21 a history back to 1978, and which has been written to replace Unix mail,
22 a program that already shipped with First Edition Unix from 1971 --
23 M. Douglas McIlroy writes in his article "A Research UNIX Reader:
24 Annotated Excerpts from the Programmer's Manual, 1971-1986":
26 MAIL (v1 page 21, v7 page 22)
27 Electronic mail was there from the start. Never satisfied with its
28 exact behavior, everybody touched it at one time or another: to
29 assure the safety of simultaneous access, to improve privacy, to
30 survive crashes, to exploit uucp, to screen out foreign freeloaders,
31 or whatever. Not until v7 did the interface change (Thompson). [.]
41 Our latest release can be downloaded at [1], and the fully cross-
42 referenced manual can also be viewed as HTML online[2].
43 There are browsable git(1) repositories at sdaoden.eu[3] (use [4] for
44 cloning purposes), with mirrors at Sourceforge[5] and repo.or.cz[6].
46 [1] https?://ftp.sdaoden.eu/s-nail-latest.tar.{gz,xz}{,.asc}
47 [2] https?://www.sdaoden.eu/code.html#s-mailx
48 [3] https?://git.sdaoden.eu/cgit/s-nail.git
49 [4] https?://git.sdaoden.eu/scm/s-nail.git
50 [5] http://sourceforge.net/projects/s-nail
51 [6] http://repo.or.cz/s-mailx.git
53 We have a mailing list[7] with moderated unsubscribed posting possi-
54 bilities; subscriptions can be managed via web interface[8] (it is
55 a GNU Mailman list, so posting to LISTNAME-request@ and the subject
56 "subscribe" will also do). We have a browser-accessible and searchable
57 archive[9], and The Mail Archive is so kind and offers it, with all its
58 services, too [10]! For example, i have subscribed the RSS feed that
59 The Mail Archive produces to Gwene.org[11]. And Gmane.org was so kind
60 and took us, we are here[12]. Thanks to all of you!
62 Commits to the [master], [release/*] and [stable/*] branches are
63 posted to [13], and announcements will also be posted to [14], both
64 are receive-only mailing-lists.
66 [7] s-mailx@lists.sdaoden.eu
67 [8] https://lists.sdaoden.eu/mailman/listinfo.cgi/s-mailx
68 [9] https://lists.sdaoden.eu/pipermail/s-mailx/
69 [10] https://www.mail-archive.com/s-mailx@lists.sdaoden.eu/
70 [11] news.gwene.org/gwene.mail.s-mailx
71 [12] news.gmane.org/gmane.mail.s-mailx.general
72 [13] https://lists.sdaoden.eu/mailman/listinfo.cgi/s-mailx-commit
73 [14] https://lists.sdaoden.eu/mailman/listinfo.cgi/s-announce
75 Our heraldic animal snailmail.jpg has been found at [+1].
78 [+1] http://cdn.whatculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/06/snailmail.jpg
84 A new branch within release/ is created for every release, e.g.,
85 [release/v14.8.10]. History won't be rewritten.
87 These branches consist of one commit, and that commit is signed with
88 an OpenPGP key and used for the signed release tag,
89 vMAJOR.MINOR.UPDATE.ar (.ar for "archive"). The commit as such
90 covers the data modifications that make up a release, i.e., release
91 date fixation, manual preprocessing, removal of data which doesn't
92 make sense in release tarballs, etc.
94 All this is not true for older releases, the new repository layout
95 was introduced after v14.8.10. But it used [timeline] as a source
96 for most references, therefore the signed tag v14.8.7.ar protects
97 all elder references within [release/]:
99 $ git describe --contains heads/release/v1.3.0
102 - [release/latest] and [release/stable]
103 "Symbolic links" to the latest and stable, respectively, release
107 A new branch within stable/ will be created for each new minor
108 version, e.g., [stable/v14.8]. History won't be rewritten.
110 These are the de-facto [master] branches for their respective minor
111 release, which extend for the full lifetime of the said, e.g., the
112 branch [stable/v14.7] has been created once the v14.7.0 release was
113 made, and it extends until the release of v14.7.11, the last v14.7
116 Once the time for a new release has come, the head of such a stable
117 branch will gain a signed commit and a signed stable tag,
118 vMAJOR.MINOR.UPDATE, and then be used as the source for a new branch
121 - [stable/latest] and [stable/stable]
122 "Symbolic links" to the latest and stable, respectively, stable
125 These are possibly what users should track which want to have the
126 newest non-release bugfixes and stable, backward-compatible commits.
127 See below for examples how to accomplish that.
130 Rooted on top of [heirloom]. It gains only stable, but possibly
131 backward-incompatible changes (usually mentioned on the ML), and
132 will be used to create new entries in stable/. It may gain signed
133 commits for sealing purposes from time to time.
134 History won't be rewritten.
137 Rooted on top of [master], this consists of a furious mixture of
138 commits that eventually end up in [master]. Daring users may give
139 this branch a try, but bugs and temporary nonstarters have to be
143 Developer chaos (distributed horror backup - don't use!).
146 This branch contains the test output files. The test itself only
147 tests checksums, the full output is for development reference
150 - [unix-mail,bsd-Mail,timeline]
151 Sketchy efforts to collect the complete history of Unix mail and
152 its successor, BSD Mail. Anything from the pre-nail era has been
153 taken from CSRG and TUHS, for nail and Heirloom mailx i have used
156 The [timeline] branch was the original effort, and it will be
157 continuously extended whenever new releases will be made, but its
158 history won't be rewritten, which is why it is a sketchy effort.
159 The [unix-mail] and [bsd-Mail] branches have been added later, and
160 will hopefully offer the most complete picture possible as time goes
161 by (not taking into account the "nupas" effort of Research Unix,
162 though) -- this means their history may change, but all commits are
163 signed with an OpenPGP key.
166 A full git(1) cvsimport of the Heirloom mailx(1) cvs(1) repository.
168 To create a full clone of the repository, with all the data and history:
169 $ git clone https://git.sdaoden.eu/scm/s-nail.git
171 With a newer git(1), and only tracking the latest stable branch:
172 $ git clone --single-branch --branch=stable/latest \
173 https://git.sdaoden.eu/scm/s-nail.git
175 Or, being selective, also with older git(1)s:
179 $ git remote add origin -t 'release/*' -t stable/stable -t master \
180 https://git.sdaoden.eu/scm/s-nail.git
183 And then, assuming the last had been done:
185 $ # Show all releases
186 $ git log --no-walk --decorate --oneline --branches='release/*' --
187 $ # Check out the latest release, and verify the signature
188 $ git checkout release/latest
189 $ git log --oneline --show-signature --max-count=1 HEAD
190 $ make all && sudo make install
195 - CVE-2004-2771, and CVE-2014-7844.
196 http://seclists.org/oss-sec/2014/q4/1066.
197 Fixed in: v14.7.9 (on day of announcement on oss-sec)
199 Affected all BSD Mail-based codebases.
203 Fixed in: v14.8.16 (on day of disclosure)
205 > vulnerability in the setuid root helper binary
207 > The problem is that an O_EXCL file is created with a user controlled
208 > path because the di.di_hostname and di.di_randstr are never checked.
209 > This means that using s-nail-privsep a normal user can create a file
210 > anywhere on the filesystem, which is a security problem.
215 Unix mail seems to have been written mostly by Ken Thompson.
217 Berkeley Mail was (according to def.h) developed by Kurt Shoens, dated
218 March 25, 1978. According to the CSRG commit log authors of BSD mail in
219 the time span 1980-10-08 to 1995-05-01 were, in order of appearance
220 (commit count): Kurt Shoens (379), Kirk McKusick (50), Carl Smith (16),
221 Bill Bush (2), Eric Allman (6), Craig Leres (43), Sam Leffler (51),
222 Ralph Campbell (21), Serge Granik (28), Edward Wang (253),
223 Donn Seeley (1), Jay Lepreau (3), Jim Bloom (1), Anne Hughes (2),
224 Kevin Dunlap (34), Keith Bostic (253), Mike Karels (1), Cael Staelin (6)
225 and Dave Borman (17). One commit by Charlie Root, 36 by "dist".
227 Official BSD Mail development ceased in 1995 according to the CSRG
228 (Berkeley's Computer Systems Research Group) repository. Mail has then
229 seen further development in open source BSD variants, noticeably by
230 Christos Zoulas in NetBSD.
232 Gunnar Ritter reused that codebase when he started developing nail in
233 February 2000, and incorporated numerous patches from OpenBSD, NetBSD,
234 RedHat and Debian. He added MIME code, network protocol support, and
235 POSIX conformance improvements. In March 2006, he integrated that
236 program into the Heirloom project, renaming it to Heirloom mailx, the
237 development of which ceased in 2008.
239 In 2012 Steffen (Daode) Nurpmeso adopted the codebase as S-nail.
240 We try to end up as S-mailx.