softmmu/cpus.c

   1 /*
   2  * QEMU System Emulator
   3  *
   4  * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
   5  *
   6  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
   7  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
   8  * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
   9  * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
  10  * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
  11  * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
  12  *
  13  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
  14  * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
  15  *
  16  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
  17  * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
  18  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
  19  * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
  20  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
  21  * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
  22  * THE SOFTWARE.
  23  */
  24
  25 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
  26 #include "qemu-common.h"
  27 #include "monitor/monitor.h"
  28 #include "qemu/coroutine-tls.h"
  29 #include "qapi/error.h"
  30 #include "qapi/qapi-commands-machine.h"
  31 #include "qapi/qapi-commands-misc.h"
  32 #include "qapi/qapi-events-run-state.h"
  33 #include "qapi/qmp/qerror.h"
  34 #include "exec/gdbstub.h"
  35 #include "sysemu/hw_accel.h"
  36 #include "exec/exec-all.h"
  37 #include "qemu/thread.h"
  38 #include "qemu/plugin.h"
  39 #include "sysemu/cpus.h"
  40 #include "qemu/guest-random.h"
  41 #include "hw/nmi.h"
  42 #include "sysemu/replay.h"
  43 #include "sysemu/runstate.h"
  44 #include "sysemu/cpu-timers.h"
  45 #include "sysemu/whpx.h"
  46 #include "hw/boards.h"
  47 #include "hw/hw.h"
  48 #include "trace.h"
  49
  50 #ifdef CONFIG_LINUX
  51
  52 #include <sys/prctl.h>
  53
  54 #ifndef PR_MCE_KILL
  55 #define PR_MCE_KILL 33
  56 #endif
  57
  58 #ifndef PR_MCE_KILL_SET
  59 #define PR_MCE_KILL_SET 1
  60 #endif
  61
  62 #ifndef PR_MCE_KILL_EARLY
  63 #define PR_MCE_KILL_EARLY 1
  64 #endif
  65
  66 #endif /* CONFIG_LINUX */
  67
  68 static QemuMutex qemu_global_mutex;
  69
  70 bool cpu_is_stopped(CPUState *cpu)
  71 {
  72     return cpu->stopped || !runstate_is_running();
  73 }
  74
  75 bool cpu_work_list_empty(CPUState *cpu)
  76 {
  77     return QSIMPLEQ_EMPTY_ATOMIC(&cpu->work_list);
  78 }
  79
  80 bool cpu_thread_is_idle(CPUState *cpu)
  81 {
  82     if (cpu->stop || !cpu_work_list_empty(cpu)) {
  83         return false;
  84     }
  85     if (cpu_is_stopped(cpu)) {
  86         return true;
  87     }
  88     if (!cpu->halted || cpu_has_work(cpu) ||
  89         kvm_halt_in_kernel() || whpx_apic_in_platform()) {
  90         return false;
  91     }
  92     return true;
  93 }
  94
  95 bool all_cpu_threads_idle(void)
  96 {
  97     CPUState *cpu;
  98
  99     CPU_FOREACH(cpu) {
 100         if (!cpu_thread_is_idle(cpu)) {
 101             return false;
 102         }
 103     }
 104     return true;
 105 }
 106
 107 /***********************************************************/
 108 void hw_error(const char *fmt, ...)
 109 {
 110     va_list ap;
 111     CPUState *cpu;
 112
 113     va_start(ap, fmt);
 114     fprintf(stderr, "qemu: hardware error: ");
 115     vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
 116     fprintf(stderr, "\n");
 117     CPU_FOREACH(cpu) {
 118         fprintf(stderr, "CPU #%d:\n", cpu->cpu_index);
 119         cpu_dump_state(cpu, stderr, CPU_DUMP_FPU);
 120     }
 121     va_end(ap);
 122     abort();
 123 }
 124
 125 /*
 126  * The chosen accelerator is supposed to register this.
 127  */
 128 static const AccelOpsClass *cpus_accel;
 129
 130 void cpu_synchronize_all_states(void)
 131 {
 132     CPUState *cpu;
 133
 134     CPU_FOREACH(cpu) {
 135         cpu_synchronize_state(cpu);
 136     }
 137 }
 138
 139 void cpu_synchronize_all_post_reset(void)
 140 {
 141     CPUState *cpu;
 142
 143     CPU_FOREACH(cpu) {
 144         cpu_synchronize_post_reset(cpu);
 145     }
 146 }
 147
 148 void cpu_synchronize_all_post_init(void)
 149 {
 150     CPUState *cpu;
 151
 152     CPU_FOREACH(cpu) {
 153         cpu_synchronize_post_init(cpu);
 154     }
 155 }
 156
 157 void cpu_synchronize_all_pre_loadvm(void)
 158 {
 159     CPUState *cpu;
 160
 161     CPU_FOREACH(cpu) {
 162         cpu_synchronize_pre_loadvm(cpu);
 163     }
 164 }
 165
 166 void cpu_synchronize_state(CPUState *cpu)
 167 {
 168     if (cpus_accel->synchronize_state) {
 169         cpus_accel->synchronize_state(cpu);
 170     }
 171 }
 172
 173 void cpu_synchronize_post_reset(CPUState *cpu)
 174 {
 175     if (cpus_accel->synchronize_post_reset) {
 176         cpus_accel->synchronize_post_reset(cpu);
 177     }
 178 }
 179
 180 void cpu_synchronize_post_init(CPUState *cpu)
 181 {
 182     if (cpus_accel->synchronize_post_init) {
 183         cpus_accel->synchronize_post_init(cpu);
 184     }
 185 }
 186
 187 void cpu_synchronize_pre_loadvm(CPUState *cpu)
 188 {
 189     if (cpus_accel->synchronize_pre_loadvm) {
 190         cpus_accel->synchronize_pre_loadvm(cpu);
 191     }
 192 }
 193
 194 bool cpus_are_resettable(void)
 195 {
 196     return cpu_check_are_resettable();
 197 }
 198
 199 int64_t cpus_get_virtual_clock(void)
 200 {
 201     /*
 202      * XXX
 203      *
 204      * need to check that cpus_accel is not NULL, because qcow2 calls
 205      * qemu_get_clock_ns(CLOCK_VIRTUAL) without any accel initialized and
 206      * with ticks disabled in some io-tests:
 207      * 030 040 041 060 099 120 127 140 156 161 172 181 191 192 195 203 229 249 256 267
 208      *
 209      * is this expected?
 210      *
 211      * XXX
 212      */
 213     if (cpus_accel && cpus_accel->get_virtual_clock) {
 214         return cpus_accel->get_virtual_clock();
 215     }
 216     return cpu_get_clock();
 217 }
 218
 219 /*
 220  * return the time elapsed in VM between vm_start and vm_stop.  Unless
 221  * icount is active, cpus_get_elapsed_ticks() uses units of the host CPU cycle
 222  * counter.
 223  */
 224 int64_t cpus_get_elapsed_ticks(void)
 225 {
 226     if (cpus_accel->get_elapsed_ticks) {
 227         return cpus_accel->get_elapsed_ticks();
 228     }
 229     return cpu_get_ticks();
 230 }
 231
 232 static void generic_handle_interrupt(CPUState *cpu, int mask)
 233 {
 234     cpu->interrupt_request |= mask;
 235
 236     if (!qemu_cpu_is_self(cpu)) {
 237         qemu_cpu_kick(cpu);
 238     }
 239 }
 240
 241 void cpu_interrupt(CPUState *cpu, int mask)
 242 {
 243     if (cpus_accel->handle_interrupt) {
 244         cpus_accel->handle_interrupt(cpu, mask);
 245     } else {
 246         generic_handle_interrupt(cpu, mask);
 247     }
 248 }
 249
 250 static int do_vm_stop(RunState state, bool send_stop)
 251 {
 252     int ret = 0;
 253
 254     if (runstate_is_running()) {
 255         runstate_set(state);
 256         cpu_disable_ticks();
 257         pause_all_vcpus();
 258         vm_state_notify(0, state);
 259         if (send_stop) {
 260             qapi_event_send_stop();
 261         }
 262     }
 263
 264     bdrv_drain_all();
 265     ret = bdrv_flush_all();
 266     trace_vm_stop_flush_all(ret);
 267
 268     return ret;
 269 }
 270
 271 /* Special vm_stop() variant for terminating the process.  Historically clients
 272  * did not expect a QMP STOP event and so we need to retain compatibility.
 273  */
 274 int vm_shutdown(void)
 275 {
 276     return do_vm_stop(RUN_STATE_SHUTDOWN, false);
 277 }
 278
 279 bool cpu_can_run(CPUState *cpu)
 280 {
 281     if (cpu->stop) {
 282         return false;
 283     }
 284     if (cpu_is_stopped(cpu)) {
 285         return false;
 286     }
 287     return true;
 288 }
 289
 290 void cpu_handle_guest_debug(CPUState *cpu)
 291 {
 292     if (replay_running_debug()) {
 293         if (!cpu->singlestep_enabled) {
 294             /*
 295              * Report about the breakpoint and
 296              * make a single step to skip it
 297              */
 298             replay_breakpoint();
 299             cpu_single_step(cpu, SSTEP_ENABLE);
 300         } else {
 301             cpu_single_step(cpu, 0);
 302         }
 303     } else {
 304         gdb_set_stop_cpu(cpu);
 305         qemu_system_debug_request();
 306         cpu->stopped = true;
 307     }
 308 }
 309
 310 #ifdef CONFIG_LINUX
 311 static void sigbus_reraise(void)
 312 {
 313     sigset_t set;
 314     struct sigaction action;
 315
 316     memset(&action, 0, sizeof(action));
 317     action.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
 318     if (!sigaction(SIGBUS, &action, NULL)) {
 319         raise(SIGBUS);
 320         sigemptyset(&set);
 321         sigaddset(&set, SIGBUS);
 322         pthread_sigmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, &set, NULL);
 323     }
 324     perror("Failed to re-raise SIGBUS!");
 325     abort();
 326 }
 327
 328 static void sigbus_handler(int n, siginfo_t *siginfo, void *ctx)
 329 {
 330     if (siginfo->si_code != BUS_MCEERR_AO && siginfo->si_code != BUS_MCEERR_AR) {
 331         sigbus_reraise();
 332     }
 333
 334     if (current_cpu) {
 335         /* Called asynchronously in VCPU thread.  */
 336         if (kvm_on_sigbus_vcpu(current_cpu, siginfo->si_code, siginfo->si_addr)) {
 337             sigbus_reraise();
 338         }
 339     } else {
 340         /* Called synchronously (via signalfd) in main thread.  */
 341         if (kvm_on_sigbus(siginfo->si_code, siginfo->si_addr)) {
 342             sigbus_reraise();
 343         }
 344     }
 345 }
 346
 347 static void qemu_init_sigbus(void)
 348 {
 349     struct sigaction action;
 350
 351     /*
 352      * ALERT: when modifying this, take care that SIGBUS forwarding in
 353      * os_mem_prealloc() will continue working as expected.
 354      */
 355     memset(&action, 0, sizeof(action));
 356     action.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO;
 357     action.sa_sigaction = sigbus_handler;
 358     sigaction(SIGBUS, &action, NULL);
 359
 360     prctl(PR_MCE_KILL, PR_MCE_KILL_SET, PR_MCE_KILL_EARLY, 0, 0);
 361 }
 362 #else /* !CONFIG_LINUX */
 363 static void qemu_init_sigbus(void)
 364 {
 365 }
 366 #endif /* !CONFIG_LINUX */
 367
 368 static QemuThread io_thread;
 369
 370 /* cpu creation */
 371 static QemuCond qemu_cpu_cond;
 372 /* system init */
 373 static QemuCond qemu_pause_cond;
 374
 375 void qemu_init_cpu_loop(void)
 376 {
 377     qemu_init_sigbus();
 378     qemu_cond_init(&qemu_cpu_cond);
 379     qemu_cond_init(&qemu_pause_cond);
 380     qemu_mutex_init(&qemu_global_mutex);
 381
 382     qemu_thread_get_self(&io_thread);
 383 }
 384
 385 void run_on_cpu(CPUState *cpu, run_on_cpu_func func, run_on_cpu_data data)
 386 {
 387     do_run_on_cpu(cpu, func, data, &qemu_global_mutex);
 388 }
 389
 390 static void qemu_cpu_stop(CPUState *cpu, bool exit)
 391 {
 392     g_assert(qemu_cpu_is_self(cpu));
 393     cpu->stop = false;
 394     cpu->stopped = true;
 395     if (exit) {
 396         cpu_exit(cpu);
 397     }
 398     qemu_cond_broadcast(&qemu_pause_cond);
 399 }
 400
 401 void qemu_wait_io_event_common(CPUState *cpu)
 402 {
 403     qatomic_mb_set(&cpu->thread_kicked, false);
 404     if (cpu->stop) {
 405         qemu_cpu_stop(cpu, false);
 406     }
 407     process_queued_cpu_work(cpu);
 408 }
 409
 410 void qemu_wait_io_event(CPUState *cpu)
 411 {
 412     bool slept = false;
 413
 414     while (cpu_thread_is_idle(cpu)) {
 415         if (!slept) {
 416             slept = true;
 417             qemu_plugin_vcpu_idle_cb(cpu);
 418         }
 419         qemu_cond_wait(cpu->halt_cond, &qemu_global_mutex);
 420     }
 421     if (slept) {
 422         qemu_plugin_vcpu_resume_cb(cpu);
 423     }
 424
 425 #ifdef _WIN32
 426     /* Eat dummy APC queued by cpus_kick_thread. */
 427     if (hax_enabled()) {
 428         SleepEx(0, TRUE);
 429     }
 430 #endif
 431     qemu_wait_io_event_common(cpu);
 432 }
 433
 434 void cpus_kick_thread(CPUState *cpu)
 435 {
 436 #ifndef _WIN32
 437     int err;
 438
 439     if (cpu->thread_kicked) {
 440         return;
 441     }
 442     cpu->thread_kicked = true;
 443     err = pthread_kill(cpu->thread->thread, SIG_IPI);
 444     if (err && err != ESRCH) {
 445         fprintf(stderr, "qemu:%s: %s", __func__, strerror(err));
 446         exit(1);
 447     }
 448 #endif
 449 }
 450
 451 void qemu_cpu_kick(CPUState *cpu)
 452 {
 453     qemu_cond_broadcast(cpu->halt_cond);
 454     if (cpus_accel->kick_vcpu_thread) {
 455         cpus_accel->kick_vcpu_thread(cpu);
 456     } else { /* default */
 457         cpus_kick_thread(cpu);
 458     }
 459 }
 460
 461 void qemu_cpu_kick_self(void)
 462 {
 463     assert(current_cpu);
 464     cpus_kick_thread(current_cpu);
 465 }
 466
 467 bool qemu_cpu_is_self(CPUState *cpu)
 468 {
 469     return qemu_thread_is_self(cpu->thread);
 470 }
 471
 472 bool qemu_in_vcpu_thread(void)
 473 {
 474     return current_cpu && qemu_cpu_is_self(current_cpu);
 475 }
 476
 477 QEMU_DEFINE_STATIC_CO_TLS(bool, iothread_locked)
 478
 479 bool qemu_mutex_iothread_locked(void)
 480 {
 481     return get_iothread_locked();
 482 }
 483
 484 bool qemu_in_main_thread(void)
 485 {
 486     return qemu_mutex_iothread_locked();
 487 }
 488
 489 /*
 490  * The BQL is taken from so many places that it is worth profiling the
 491  * callers directly, instead of funneling them all through a single function.
 492  */
 493 void qemu_mutex_lock_iothread_impl(const char *file, int line)
 494 {
 495     QemuMutexLockFunc bql_lock = qatomic_read(&qemu_bql_mutex_lock_func);
 496
 497     g_assert(!qemu_mutex_iothread_locked());
 498     bql_lock(&qemu_global_mutex, file, line);
 499     set_iothread_locked(true);
 500 }
 501
 502 void qemu_mutex_unlock_iothread(void)
 503 {
 504     g_assert(qemu_mutex_iothread_locked());
 505     set_iothread_locked(false);
 506     qemu_mutex_unlock(&qemu_global_mutex);
 507 }
 508
 509 void qemu_cond_wait_iothread(QemuCond *cond)
 510 {
 511     qemu_cond_wait(cond, &qemu_global_mutex);
 512 }
 513
 514 void qemu_cond_timedwait_iothread(QemuCond *cond, int ms)
 515 {
 516     qemu_cond_timedwait(cond, &qemu_global_mutex, ms);
 517 }
 518
 519 /* signal CPU creation */
 520 void cpu_thread_signal_created(CPUState *cpu)
 521 {
 522     cpu->created = true;
 523     qemu_cond_signal(&qemu_cpu_cond);
 524 }
 525
 526 /* signal CPU destruction */
 527 void cpu_thread_signal_destroyed(CPUState *cpu)
 528 {
 529     cpu->created = false;
 530     qemu_cond_signal(&qemu_cpu_cond);
 531 }
 532
 533
 534 static bool all_vcpus_paused(void)
 535 {
 536     CPUState *cpu;
 537
 538     CPU_FOREACH(cpu) {
 539         if (!cpu->stopped) {
 540             return false;
 541         }
 542     }
 543
 544     return true;
 545 }
 546
 547 void pause_all_vcpus(void)
 548 {
 549     CPUState *cpu;
 550
 551     qemu_clock_enable(QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL, false);
 552     CPU_FOREACH(cpu) {
 553         if (qemu_cpu_is_self(cpu)) {
 554             qemu_cpu_stop(cpu, true);
 555         } else {
 556             cpu->stop = true;
 557             qemu_cpu_kick(cpu);
 558         }
 559     }
 560
 561     /* We need to drop the replay_lock so any vCPU threads woken up
 562      * can finish their replay tasks
 563      */
 564     replay_mutex_unlock();
 565
 566     while (!all_vcpus_paused()) {
 567         qemu_cond_wait(&qemu_pause_cond, &qemu_global_mutex);
 568         CPU_FOREACH(cpu) {
 569             qemu_cpu_kick(cpu);
 570         }
 571     }
 572
 573     qemu_mutex_unlock_iothread();
 574     replay_mutex_lock();
 575     qemu_mutex_lock_iothread();
 576 }
 577
 578 void cpu_resume(CPUState *cpu)
 579 {
 580     cpu->stop = false;
 581     cpu->stopped = false;
 582     qemu_cpu_kick(cpu);
 583 }
 584
 585 void resume_all_vcpus(void)
 586 {
 587     CPUState *cpu;
 588
 589     if (!runstate_is_running()) {
 590         return;
 591     }
 592
 593     qemu_clock_enable(QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL, true);
 594     CPU_FOREACH(cpu) {
 595         cpu_resume(cpu);
 596     }
 597 }
 598
 599 void cpu_remove_sync(CPUState *cpu)
 600 {
 601     cpu->stop = true;
 602     cpu->unplug = true;
 603     qemu_cpu_kick(cpu);
 604     qemu_mutex_unlock_iothread();
 605     qemu_thread_join(cpu->thread);
 606     qemu_mutex_lock_iothread();
 607 }
 608
 609 void cpus_register_accel(const AccelOpsClass *ops)
 610 {
 611     assert(ops != NULL);
 612     assert(ops->create_vcpu_thread != NULL); /* mandatory */
 613     cpus_accel = ops;
 614 }
 615
 616 void qemu_init_vcpu(CPUState *cpu)
 617 {
 618     MachineState *ms = MACHINE(qdev_get_machine());
 619
 620     cpu->nr_cores = ms->smp.cores;
 621     cpu->nr_threads =  ms->smp.threads;
 622     cpu->stopped = true;
 623     cpu->random_seed = qemu_guest_random_seed_thread_part1();
 624
 625     if (!cpu->as) {
 626         /* If the target cpu hasn't set up any address spaces itself,
 627          * give it the default one.
 628          */
 629         cpu->num_ases = 1;
 630         cpu_address_space_init(cpu, 0, "cpu-memory", cpu->memory);
 631     }
 632
 633     /* accelerators all implement the AccelOpsClass */
 634     g_assert(cpus_accel != NULL && cpus_accel->create_vcpu_thread != NULL);
 635     cpus_accel->create_vcpu_thread(cpu);
 636
 637     while (!cpu->created) {
 638         qemu_cond_wait(&qemu_cpu_cond, &qemu_global_mutex);
 639     }
 640 }
 641
 642 void cpu_stop_current(void)
 643 {
 644     if (current_cpu) {
 645         current_cpu->stop = true;
 646         cpu_exit(current_cpu);
 647     }
 648 }
 649
 650 int vm_stop(RunState state)
 651 {
 652     if (qemu_in_vcpu_thread()) {
 653         qemu_system_vmstop_request_prepare();
 654         qemu_system_vmstop_request(state);
 655         /*
 656          * FIXME: should not return to device code in case
 657          * vm_stop() has been requested.
 658          */
 659         cpu_stop_current();
 660         return 0;
 661     }
 662
 663     return do_vm_stop(state, true);
 664 }
 665
 666 /**
 667  * Prepare for (re)starting the VM.
 668  * Returns -1 if the vCPUs are not to be restarted (e.g. if they are already
 669  * running or in case of an error condition), 0 otherwise.
 670  */
 671 int vm_prepare_start(void)
 672 {
 673     RunState requested;
 674
 675     qemu_vmstop_requested(&requested);
 676     if (runstate_is_running() && requested == RUN_STATE__MAX) {
 677         return -1;
 678     }
 679
 680     /* Ensure that a STOP/RESUME pair of events is emitted if a
 681      * vmstop request was pending.  The BLOCK_IO_ERROR event, for
 682      * example, according to documentation is always followed by
 683      * the STOP event.
 684      */
 685     if (runstate_is_running()) {
 686         qapi_event_send_stop();
 687         qapi_event_send_resume();
 688         return -1;
 689     }
 690
 691     /* We are sending this now, but the CPUs will be resumed shortly later */
 692     qapi_event_send_resume();
 693
 694     cpu_enable_ticks();
 695     runstate_set(RUN_STATE_RUNNING);
 696     vm_state_notify(1, RUN_STATE_RUNNING);
 697     return 0;
 698 }
 699
 700 void vm_start(void)
 701 {
 702     if (!vm_prepare_start()) {
 703         resume_all_vcpus();
 704     }
 705 }
 706
 707 /* does a state transition even if the VM is already stopped,
 708    current state is forgotten forever */
 709 int vm_stop_force_state(RunState state)
 710 {
 711     if (runstate_is_running()) {
 712         return vm_stop(state);
 713     } else {
 714         int ret;
 715         runstate_set(state);
 716
 717         bdrv_drain_all();
 718         /* Make sure to return an error if the flush in a previous vm_stop()
 719          * failed. */
 720         ret = bdrv_flush_all();
 721         trace_vm_stop_flush_all(ret);
 722         return ret;
 723     }
 724 }
 725
 726 void list_cpus(const char *optarg)
 727 {
 728     /* XXX: implement xxx_cpu_list for targets that still miss it */
 729 #if defined(cpu_list)
 730     cpu_list();
 731 #endif
 732 }
 733
 734 void qmp_memsave(int64_t addr, int64_t size, const char *filename,
 735                  bool has_cpu, int64_t cpu_index, Error **errp)
 736 {
 737     FILE *f;
 738     uint32_t l;
 739     CPUState *cpu;
 740     uint8_t buf[1024];
 741     int64_t orig_addr = addr, orig_size = size;
 742
 743     if (!has_cpu) {
 744         cpu_index = 0;
 745     }
 746
 747     cpu = qemu_get_cpu(cpu_index);
 748     if (cpu == NULL) {
 749         error_setg(errp, QERR_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE, "cpu-index",
 750                    "a CPU number");
 751         return;
 752     }
 753
 754     f = fopen(filename, "wb");
 755     if (!f) {
 756         error_setg_file_open(errp, errno, filename);
 757         return;
 758     }
 759
 760     while (size != 0) {
 761         l = sizeof(buf);
 762         if (l > size)
 763             l = size;
 764         if (cpu_memory_rw_debug(cpu, addr, buf, l, 0) != 0) {
 765             error_setg(errp, "Invalid addr 0x%016" PRIx64 "/size %" PRId64
 766                              " specified", orig_addr, orig_size);
 767             goto exit;
 768         }
 769         if (fwrite(buf, 1, l, f) != l) {
 770             error_setg(errp, QERR_IO_ERROR);
 771             goto exit;
 772         }
 773         addr += l;
 774         size -= l;
 775     }
 776
 777 exit:
 778     fclose(f);
 779 }
 780
 781 void qmp_pmemsave(int64_t addr, int64_t size, const char *filename,
 782                   Error **errp)
 783 {
 784     FILE *f;
 785     uint32_t l;
 786     uint8_t buf[1024];
 787
 788     f = fopen(filename, "wb");
 789     if (!f) {
 790         error_setg_file_open(errp, errno, filename);
 791         return;
 792     }
 793
 794     while (size != 0) {
 795         l = sizeof(buf);
 796         if (l > size)
 797             l = size;
 798         cpu_physical_memory_read(addr, buf, l);
 799         if (fwrite(buf, 1, l, f) != l) {
 800             error_setg(errp, QERR_IO_ERROR);
 801             goto exit;
 802         }
 803         addr += l;
 804         size -= l;
 805     }
 806
 807 exit:
 808     fclose(f);
 809 }
 810
 811 void qmp_inject_nmi(Error **errp)
 812 {
 813     nmi_monitor_handle(monitor_get_cpu_index(monitor_cur()), errp);
 814 }
 815