2 * QEMU disk image utility
4 * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
6 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
13 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
16 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
24 #include "qapi-visit.h"
25 #include "qapi/qmp-output-visitor.h"
26 #include "qapi/qmp/qjson.h"
27 #include "qemu-common.h"
28 #include "qemu/option.h"
29 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
30 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
31 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
32 #include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
33 #include "block/block_int.h"
34 #include "block/blockjob.h"
35 #include "block/qapi.h"
38 #define QEMU_IMG_VERSION "qemu-img version " QEMU_VERSION \
39 ", Copyright (c) 2004-2008 Fabrice Bellard\n"
41 typedef struct img_cmd_t
{
43 int (*handler
)(int argc
, char **argv
);
48 OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN
= 257,
51 typedef enum OutputFormat
{
56 /* Default to cache=writeback as data integrity is not important for qemu-tcg. */
57 #define BDRV_O_FLAGS BDRV_O_CACHE_WB
58 #define BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE "writeback"
60 static void format_print(void *opaque
, const char *name
)
65 static void QEMU_NORETURN
GCC_FMT_ATTR(1, 2) error_exit(const char *fmt
, ...)
69 error_printf("qemu-img: ");
72 error_vprintf(fmt
, ap
);
75 error_printf("\nTry 'qemu-img --help' for more information\n");
79 /* Please keep in synch with qemu-img.texi */
80 static void QEMU_NORETURN
help(void)
82 const char *help_msg
=
84 "usage: qemu-img command [command options]\n"
85 "QEMU disk image utility\n"
88 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
90 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
94 "Command parameters:\n"
95 " 'filename' is a disk image filename\n"
96 " 'fmt' is the disk image format. It is guessed automatically in most cases\n"
97 " 'cache' is the cache mode used to write the output disk image, the valid\n"
98 " options are: 'none', 'writeback' (default, except for convert), 'writethrough',\n"
99 " 'directsync' and 'unsafe' (default for convert)\n"
100 " 'src_cache' is the cache mode used to read input disk images, the valid\n"
101 " options are the same as for the 'cache' option\n"
102 " 'size' is the disk image size in bytes. Optional suffixes\n"
103 " 'k' or 'K' (kilobyte, 1024), 'M' (megabyte, 1024k), 'G' (gigabyte, 1024M),\n"
104 " 'T' (terabyte, 1024G), 'P' (petabyte, 1024T) and 'E' (exabyte, 1024P) are\n"
105 " supported. 'b' is ignored.\n"
106 " 'output_filename' is the destination disk image filename\n"
107 " 'output_fmt' is the destination format\n"
108 " 'options' is a comma separated list of format specific options in a\n"
109 " name=value format. Use -o ? for an overview of the options supported by the\n"
111 " 'snapshot_param' is param used for internal snapshot, format\n"
112 " is 'snapshot.id=[ID],snapshot.name=[NAME]', or\n"
114 " 'snapshot_id_or_name' is deprecated, use 'snapshot_param'\n"
116 " '-c' indicates that target image must be compressed (qcow format only)\n"
117 " '-u' enables unsafe rebasing. It is assumed that old and new backing file\n"
118 " match exactly. The image doesn't need a working backing file before\n"
119 " rebasing in this case (useful for renaming the backing file)\n"
120 " '-h' with or without a command shows this help and lists the supported formats\n"
121 " '-p' show progress of command (only certain commands)\n"
122 " '-q' use Quiet mode - do not print any output (except errors)\n"
123 " '-S' indicates the consecutive number of bytes (defaults to 4k) that must\n"
124 " contain only zeros for qemu-img to create a sparse image during\n"
125 " conversion. If the number of bytes is 0, the source will not be scanned for\n"
126 " unallocated or zero sectors, and the destination image will always be\n"
128 " '--output' takes the format in which the output must be done (human or json)\n"
129 " '-n' skips the target volume creation (useful if the volume is created\n"
130 " prior to running qemu-img)\n"
132 "Parameters to check subcommand:\n"
133 " '-r' tries to repair any inconsistencies that are found during the check.\n"
134 " '-r leaks' repairs only cluster leaks, whereas '-r all' fixes all\n"
135 " kinds of errors, with a higher risk of choosing the wrong fix or\n"
136 " hiding corruption that has already occurred.\n"
138 "Parameters to snapshot subcommand:\n"
139 " 'snapshot' is the name of the snapshot to create, apply or delete\n"
140 " '-a' applies a snapshot (revert disk to saved state)\n"
141 " '-c' creates a snapshot\n"
142 " '-d' deletes a snapshot\n"
143 " '-l' lists all snapshots in the given image\n"
145 "Parameters to compare subcommand:\n"
146 " '-f' first image format\n"
147 " '-F' second image format\n"
148 " '-s' run in Strict mode - fail on different image size or sector allocation\n";
150 printf("%s\nSupported formats:", help_msg
);
151 bdrv_iterate_format(format_print
, NULL
);
156 static int GCC_FMT_ATTR(2, 3) qprintf(bool quiet
, const char *fmt
, ...)
162 ret
= vprintf(fmt
, args
);
169 /* XXX: put correct support for win32 */
170 static int read_password(char *buf
, int buf_size
)
174 printf("Password: ");
182 } else if (c
== '\n') {
184 } else if (i
< (buf_size
- 1)) {
196 static struct termios oldtty
;
198 static void term_exit(void)
200 tcsetattr (0, TCSANOW
, &oldtty
);
203 static void term_init(void)
210 tty
.c_iflag
&= ~(IGNBRK
|BRKINT
|PARMRK
|ISTRIP
211 |INLCR
|IGNCR
|ICRNL
|IXON
);
212 tty
.c_oflag
|= OPOST
;
213 tty
.c_lflag
&= ~(ECHO
|ECHONL
|ICANON
|IEXTEN
);
214 tty
.c_cflag
&= ~(CSIZE
|PARENB
);
219 tcsetattr (0, TCSANOW
, &tty
);
224 static int read_password(char *buf
, int buf_size
)
229 printf("password: ");
234 ret
= read(0, &ch
, 1);
236 if (errno
== EAGAIN
|| errno
== EINTR
) {
241 } else if (ret
== 0) {
249 if (i
< (buf_size
- 1))
260 static int print_block_option_help(const char *filename
, const char *fmt
)
262 BlockDriver
*drv
, *proto_drv
;
263 QemuOptsList
*create_opts
= NULL
;
265 /* Find driver and parse its options */
266 drv
= bdrv_find_format(fmt
);
268 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt
);
272 create_opts
= qemu_opts_append(create_opts
, drv
->create_opts
);
274 proto_drv
= bdrv_find_protocol(filename
, true);
276 error_report("Unknown protocol '%s'", filename
);
277 qemu_opts_free(create_opts
);
280 create_opts
= qemu_opts_append(create_opts
, proto_drv
->create_opts
);
283 qemu_opts_print_help(create_opts
);
284 qemu_opts_free(create_opts
);
288 static BlockBackend
*img_open(const char *id
, const char *filename
,
289 const char *fmt
, int flags
,
290 bool require_io
, bool quiet
)
293 BlockDriverState
*bs
;
296 Error
*local_err
= NULL
;
299 blk
= blk_new_with_bs(id
, &error_abort
);
303 drv
= bdrv_find_format(fmt
);
305 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt
);
312 ret
= bdrv_open(&bs
, filename
, NULL
, NULL
, flags
, drv
, &local_err
);
314 error_report("Could not open '%s': %s", filename
,
315 error_get_pretty(local_err
));
316 error_free(local_err
);
320 if (bdrv_is_encrypted(bs
) && require_io
) {
321 qprintf(quiet
, "Disk image '%s' is encrypted.\n", filename
);
322 if (read_password(password
, sizeof(password
)) < 0) {
323 error_report("No password given");
326 if (bdrv_set_key(bs
, password
) < 0) {
327 error_report("invalid password");
337 static int add_old_style_options(const char *fmt
, QemuOpts
*opts
,
338 const char *base_filename
,
339 const char *base_fmt
)
342 if (qemu_opt_set(opts
, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE
, base_filename
)) {
343 error_report("Backing file not supported for file format '%s'",
349 if (qemu_opt_set(opts
, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FMT
, base_fmt
)) {
350 error_report("Backing file format not supported for file "
358 static int img_create(int argc
, char **argv
)
361 uint64_t img_size
= -1;
362 const char *fmt
= "raw";
363 const char *base_fmt
= NULL
;
364 const char *filename
;
365 const char *base_filename
= NULL
;
366 char *options
= NULL
;
367 Error
*local_err
= NULL
;
371 c
= getopt(argc
, argv
, "F:b:f:he6o:q");
384 base_filename
= optarg
;
390 error_report("option -e is deprecated, please use \'-o "
391 "encryption\' instead!");
394 error_report("option -6 is deprecated, please use \'-o "
395 "compat6\' instead!");
398 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg
)) {
399 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg
);
403 options
= g_strdup(optarg
);
405 char *old_options
= options
;
406 options
= g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options
, optarg
);
416 /* Get the filename */
417 filename
= (optind
< argc
) ? argv
[optind
] : NULL
;
418 if (options
&& has_help_option(options
)) {
420 return print_block_option_help(filename
, fmt
);
423 if (optind
>= argc
) {
424 error_exit("Expecting image file name");
428 /* Get image size, if specified */
432 sval
= strtosz_suffix(argv
[optind
++], &end
, STRTOSZ_DEFSUFFIX_B
);
433 if (sval
< 0 || *end
) {
434 if (sval
== -ERANGE
) {
435 error_report("Image size must be less than 8 EiB!");
437 error_report("Invalid image size specified! You may use k, M, "
438 "G, T, P or E suffixes for ");
439 error_report("kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, "
440 "petabytes and exabytes.");
444 img_size
= (uint64_t)sval
;
446 if (optind
!= argc
) {
447 error_exit("Unexpected argument: %s", argv
[optind
]);
450 bdrv_img_create(filename
, fmt
, base_filename
, base_fmt
,
451 options
, img_size
, BDRV_O_FLAGS
, &local_err
, quiet
);
453 error_report("%s: %s", filename
, error_get_pretty(local_err
));
454 error_free(local_err
);
466 static void dump_json_image_check(ImageCheck
*check
, bool quiet
)
468 Error
*local_err
= NULL
;
470 QmpOutputVisitor
*ov
= qmp_output_visitor_new();
472 visit_type_ImageCheck(qmp_output_get_visitor(ov
),
473 &check
, NULL
, &local_err
);
474 obj
= qmp_output_get_qobject(ov
);
475 str
= qobject_to_json_pretty(obj
);
477 qprintf(quiet
, "%s\n", qstring_get_str(str
));
479 qmp_output_visitor_cleanup(ov
);
483 static void dump_human_image_check(ImageCheck
*check
, bool quiet
)
485 if (!(check
->corruptions
|| check
->leaks
|| check
->check_errors
)) {
486 qprintf(quiet
, "No errors were found on the image.\n");
488 if (check
->corruptions
) {
489 qprintf(quiet
, "\n%" PRId64
" errors were found on the image.\n"
490 "Data may be corrupted, or further writes to the image "
497 "\n%" PRId64
" leaked clusters were found on the image.\n"
498 "This means waste of disk space, but no harm to data.\n",
502 if (check
->check_errors
) {
505 " internal errors have occurred during the check.\n",
506 check
->check_errors
);
510 if (check
->total_clusters
!= 0 && check
->allocated_clusters
!= 0) {
511 qprintf(quiet
, "%" PRId64
"/%" PRId64
" = %0.2f%% allocated, "
512 "%0.2f%% fragmented, %0.2f%% compressed clusters\n",
513 check
->allocated_clusters
, check
->total_clusters
,
514 check
->allocated_clusters
* 100.0 / check
->total_clusters
,
515 check
->fragmented_clusters
* 100.0 / check
->allocated_clusters
,
516 check
->compressed_clusters
* 100.0 /
517 check
->allocated_clusters
);
520 if (check
->image_end_offset
) {
522 "Image end offset: %" PRId64
"\n", check
->image_end_offset
);
526 static int collect_image_check(BlockDriverState
*bs
,
528 const char *filename
,
533 BdrvCheckResult result
;
535 ret
= bdrv_check(bs
, &result
, fix
);
540 check
->filename
= g_strdup(filename
);
541 check
->format
= g_strdup(bdrv_get_format_name(bs
));
542 check
->check_errors
= result
.check_errors
;
543 check
->corruptions
= result
.corruptions
;
544 check
->has_corruptions
= result
.corruptions
!= 0;
545 check
->leaks
= result
.leaks
;
546 check
->has_leaks
= result
.leaks
!= 0;
547 check
->corruptions_fixed
= result
.corruptions_fixed
;
548 check
->has_corruptions_fixed
= result
.corruptions
!= 0;
549 check
->leaks_fixed
= result
.leaks_fixed
;
550 check
->has_leaks_fixed
= result
.leaks
!= 0;
551 check
->image_end_offset
= result
.image_end_offset
;
552 check
->has_image_end_offset
= result
.image_end_offset
!= 0;
553 check
->total_clusters
= result
.bfi
.total_clusters
;
554 check
->has_total_clusters
= result
.bfi
.total_clusters
!= 0;
555 check
->allocated_clusters
= result
.bfi
.allocated_clusters
;
556 check
->has_allocated_clusters
= result
.bfi
.allocated_clusters
!= 0;
557 check
->fragmented_clusters
= result
.bfi
.fragmented_clusters
;
558 check
->has_fragmented_clusters
= result
.bfi
.fragmented_clusters
!= 0;
559 check
->compressed_clusters
= result
.bfi
.compressed_clusters
;
560 check
->has_compressed_clusters
= result
.bfi
.compressed_clusters
!= 0;
566 * Checks an image for consistency. Exit codes:
568 * 0 - Check completed, image is good
569 * 1 - Check not completed because of internal errors
570 * 2 - Check completed, image is corrupted
571 * 3 - Check completed, image has leaked clusters, but is good otherwise
572 * 63 - Checks are not supported by the image format
574 static int img_check(int argc
, char **argv
)
577 OutputFormat output_format
= OFORMAT_HUMAN
;
578 const char *filename
, *fmt
, *output
, *cache
;
580 BlockDriverState
*bs
;
582 int flags
= BDRV_O_FLAGS
| BDRV_O_CHECK
;
588 cache
= BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE
;
590 int option_index
= 0;
591 static const struct option long_options
[] = {
592 {"help", no_argument
, 0, 'h'},
593 {"format", required_argument
, 0, 'f'},
594 {"repair", required_argument
, 0, 'r'},
595 {"output", required_argument
, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT
},
598 c
= getopt_long(argc
, argv
, "hf:r:T:q",
599 long_options
, &option_index
);
612 flags
|= BDRV_O_RDWR
;
614 if (!strcmp(optarg
, "leaks")) {
615 fix
= BDRV_FIX_LEAKS
;
616 } else if (!strcmp(optarg
, "all")) {
617 fix
= BDRV_FIX_LEAKS
| BDRV_FIX_ERRORS
;
619 error_exit("Unknown option value for -r "
620 "(expecting 'leaks' or 'all'): %s", optarg
);
634 if (optind
!= argc
- 1) {
635 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
637 filename
= argv
[optind
++];
639 if (output
&& !strcmp(output
, "json")) {
640 output_format
= OFORMAT_JSON
;
641 } else if (output
&& !strcmp(output
, "human")) {
642 output_format
= OFORMAT_HUMAN
;
644 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
648 ret
= bdrv_parse_cache_flags(cache
, &flags
);
650 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", cache
);
654 blk
= img_open("image", filename
, fmt
, flags
, true, quiet
);
660 check
= g_new0(ImageCheck
, 1);
661 ret
= collect_image_check(bs
, check
, filename
, fmt
, fix
);
663 if (ret
== -ENOTSUP
) {
664 error_report("This image format does not support checks");
669 if (check
->corruptions_fixed
|| check
->leaks_fixed
) {
670 int corruptions_fixed
, leaks_fixed
;
672 leaks_fixed
= check
->leaks_fixed
;
673 corruptions_fixed
= check
->corruptions_fixed
;
675 if (output_format
== OFORMAT_HUMAN
) {
677 "The following inconsistencies were found and repaired:\n\n"
678 " %" PRId64
" leaked clusters\n"
679 " %" PRId64
" corruptions\n\n"
680 "Double checking the fixed image now...\n",
682 check
->corruptions_fixed
);
685 ret
= collect_image_check(bs
, check
, filename
, fmt
, 0);
687 check
->leaks_fixed
= leaks_fixed
;
688 check
->corruptions_fixed
= corruptions_fixed
;
692 switch (output_format
) {
694 dump_human_image_check(check
, quiet
);
697 dump_json_image_check(check
, quiet
);
702 if (ret
|| check
->check_errors
) {
704 error_report("Check failed: %s", strerror(-ret
));
706 error_report("Check failed");
712 if (check
->corruptions
) {
714 } else if (check
->leaks
) {
721 qapi_free_ImageCheck(check
);
726 typedef struct CommonBlockJobCBInfo
{
727 BlockDriverState
*bs
;
729 } CommonBlockJobCBInfo
;
731 static void common_block_job_cb(void *opaque
, int ret
)
733 CommonBlockJobCBInfo
*cbi
= opaque
;
736 error_setg_errno(cbi
->errp
, -ret
, "Block job failed");
739 /* Drop this block job's reference */
743 static void run_block_job(BlockJob
*job
, Error
**errp
)
745 AioContext
*aio_context
= bdrv_get_aio_context(job
->bs
);
748 aio_poll(aio_context
, true);
749 qemu_progress_print((float)job
->offset
/ job
->len
* 100.f
, 0);
750 } while (!job
->ready
);
752 block_job_complete_sync(job
, errp
);
754 /* A block job may finish instantaneously without publishing any progress,
755 * so just signal completion here */
756 qemu_progress_print(100.f
, 0);
759 static int img_commit(int argc
, char **argv
)
762 const char *filename
, *fmt
, *cache
, *base
;
764 BlockDriverState
*bs
, *base_bs
;
765 bool progress
= false, quiet
= false, drop
= false;
766 Error
*local_err
= NULL
;
767 CommonBlockJobCBInfo cbi
;
770 cache
= BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE
;
773 c
= getopt(argc
, argv
, "f:ht:b:dpq");
805 /* Progress is not shown in Quiet mode */
810 if (optind
!= argc
- 1) {
811 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
813 filename
= argv
[optind
++];
815 flags
= BDRV_O_RDWR
| BDRV_O_UNMAP
;
816 ret
= bdrv_parse_cache_flags(cache
, &flags
);
818 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache
);
822 blk
= img_open("image", filename
, fmt
, flags
, true, quiet
);
828 qemu_progress_init(progress
, 1.f
);
829 qemu_progress_print(0.f
, 100);
832 base_bs
= bdrv_find_backing_image(bs
, base
);
834 error_set(&local_err
, QERR_BASE_NOT_FOUND
, base
);
838 /* This is different from QMP, which by default uses the deepest file in
839 * the backing chain (i.e., the very base); however, the traditional
840 * behavior of qemu-img commit is using the immediate backing file. */
841 base_bs
= bs
->backing_hd
;
843 error_setg(&local_err
, "Image does not have a backing file");
848 cbi
= (CommonBlockJobCBInfo
){
853 commit_active_start(bs
, base_bs
, 0, BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT
,
854 common_block_job_cb
, &cbi
, &local_err
);
859 /* The block job will swap base_bs and bs (which is not what we really want
860 * here, but okay) and unref base_bs (after the swap, i.e., the old top
861 * image). In order to still be able to empty that top image afterwards,
862 * increment the reference counter here preemptively. */
867 run_block_job(bs
->job
, &local_err
);
872 if (!drop
&& base_bs
->drv
->bdrv_make_empty
) {
873 ret
= base_bs
->drv
->bdrv_make_empty(base_bs
);
875 error_setg_errno(&local_err
, -ret
, "Could not empty %s",
892 qerror_report_err(local_err
);
893 error_free(local_err
);
897 qprintf(quiet
, "Image committed.\n");
902 * Returns true iff the first sector pointed to by 'buf' contains at least
905 * 'pnum' is set to the number of sectors (including and immediately following
906 * the first one) that are known to be in the same allocated/unallocated state.
908 static int is_allocated_sectors(const uint8_t *buf
, int n
, int *pnum
)
917 is_zero
= buffer_is_zero(buf
, 512);
918 for(i
= 1; i
< n
; i
++) {
920 if (is_zero
!= buffer_is_zero(buf
, 512)) {
929 * Like is_allocated_sectors, but if the buffer starts with a used sector,
930 * up to 'min' consecutive sectors containing zeros are ignored. This avoids
931 * breaking up write requests for only small sparse areas.
933 static int is_allocated_sectors_min(const uint8_t *buf
, int n
, int *pnum
,
937 int num_checked
, num_used
;
943 ret
= is_allocated_sectors(buf
, n
, pnum
);
949 buf
+= BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE
* *pnum
;
951 num_checked
= num_used
;
954 ret
= is_allocated_sectors(buf
, n
, pnum
);
956 buf
+= BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE
* *pnum
;
958 num_checked
+= *pnum
;
960 num_used
= num_checked
;
961 } else if (*pnum
>= min
) {
971 * Compares two buffers sector by sector. Returns 0 if the first sector of both
972 * buffers matches, non-zero otherwise.
974 * pnum is set to the number of sectors (including and immediately following
975 * the first one) that are known to have the same comparison result
977 static int compare_sectors(const uint8_t *buf1
, const uint8_t *buf2
, int n
,
987 res
= !!memcmp(buf1
, buf2
, 512);
988 for(i
= 1; i
< n
; i
++) {
992 if (!!memcmp(buf1
, buf2
, 512) != res
) {
1001 #define IO_BUF_SIZE (2 * 1024 * 1024)
1003 static int64_t sectors_to_bytes(int64_t sectors
)
1005 return sectors
<< BDRV_SECTOR_BITS
;
1008 static int64_t sectors_to_process(int64_t total
, int64_t from
)
1010 return MIN(total
- from
, IO_BUF_SIZE
>> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS
);
1014 * Check if passed sectors are empty (not allocated or contain only 0 bytes)
1016 * Returns 0 in case sectors are filled with 0, 1 if sectors contain non-zero
1017 * data and negative value on error.
1019 * @param bs: Driver used for accessing file
1020 * @param sect_num: Number of first sector to check
1021 * @param sect_count: Number of sectors to check
1022 * @param filename: Name of disk file we are checking (logging purpose)
1023 * @param buffer: Allocated buffer for storing read data
1024 * @param quiet: Flag for quiet mode
1026 static int check_empty_sectors(BlockDriverState
*bs
, int64_t sect_num
,
1027 int sect_count
, const char *filename
,
1028 uint8_t *buffer
, bool quiet
)
1031 ret
= bdrv_read(bs
, sect_num
, buffer
, sect_count
);
1033 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
" of %s: %s",
1034 sectors_to_bytes(sect_num
), filename
, strerror(-ret
));
1037 ret
= is_allocated_sectors(buffer
, sect_count
, &pnum
);
1038 if (ret
|| pnum
!= sect_count
) {
1039 qprintf(quiet
, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64
"!\n",
1040 sectors_to_bytes(ret
? sect_num
: sect_num
+ pnum
));
1048 * Compares two images. Exit codes:
1050 * 0 - Images are identical
1052 * >1 - Error occurred
1054 static int img_compare(int argc
, char **argv
)
1056 const char *fmt1
= NULL
, *fmt2
= NULL
, *cache
, *filename1
, *filename2
;
1057 BlockBackend
*blk1
, *blk2
;
1058 BlockDriverState
*bs1
, *bs2
;
1059 int64_t total_sectors1
, total_sectors2
;
1060 uint8_t *buf1
= NULL
, *buf2
= NULL
;
1062 int allocated1
, allocated2
;
1063 int ret
= 0; /* return value - 0 Ident, 1 Different, >1 Error */
1064 bool progress
= false, quiet
= false, strict
= false;
1066 int64_t total_sectors
;
1067 int64_t sector_num
= 0;
1070 uint64_t progress_base
;
1072 cache
= BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE
;
1074 c
= getopt(argc
, argv
, "hf:F:T:pqs");
1104 /* Progress is not shown in Quiet mode */
1110 if (optind
!= argc
- 2) {
1111 error_exit("Expecting two image file names");
1113 filename1
= argv
[optind
++];
1114 filename2
= argv
[optind
++];
1116 /* Initialize before goto out */
1117 qemu_progress_init(progress
, 2.0);
1119 flags
= BDRV_O_FLAGS
;
1120 ret
= bdrv_parse_cache_flags(cache
, &flags
);
1122 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", cache
);
1127 blk1
= img_open("image_1", filename1
, fmt1
, flags
, true, quiet
);
1134 blk2
= img_open("image_2", filename2
, fmt2
, flags
, true, quiet
);
1141 buf1
= qemu_blockalign(bs1
, IO_BUF_SIZE
);
1142 buf2
= qemu_blockalign(bs2
, IO_BUF_SIZE
);
1143 total_sectors1
= bdrv_nb_sectors(bs1
);
1144 if (total_sectors1
< 0) {
1145 error_report("Can't get size of %s: %s",
1146 filename1
, strerror(-total_sectors1
));
1150 total_sectors2
= bdrv_nb_sectors(bs2
);
1151 if (total_sectors2
< 0) {
1152 error_report("Can't get size of %s: %s",
1153 filename2
, strerror(-total_sectors2
));
1157 total_sectors
= MIN(total_sectors1
, total_sectors2
);
1158 progress_base
= MAX(total_sectors1
, total_sectors2
);
1160 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
1162 if (strict
&& total_sectors1
!= total_sectors2
) {
1164 qprintf(quiet
, "Strict mode: Image size mismatch!\n");
1169 nb_sectors
= sectors_to_process(total_sectors
, sector_num
);
1170 if (nb_sectors
<= 0) {
1173 allocated1
= bdrv_is_allocated_above(bs1
, NULL
, sector_num
, nb_sectors
,
1175 if (allocated1
< 0) {
1177 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename1
);
1181 allocated2
= bdrv_is_allocated_above(bs2
, NULL
, sector_num
, nb_sectors
,
1183 if (allocated2
< 0) {
1185 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename2
);
1188 nb_sectors
= MIN(pnum1
, pnum2
);
1190 if (allocated1
== allocated2
) {
1192 ret
= bdrv_read(bs1
, sector_num
, buf1
, nb_sectors
);
1194 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
" of %s:"
1195 " %s", sectors_to_bytes(sector_num
), filename1
,
1200 ret
= bdrv_read(bs2
, sector_num
, buf2
, nb_sectors
);
1202 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1203 " of %s: %s", sectors_to_bytes(sector_num
),
1204 filename2
, strerror(-ret
));
1208 ret
= compare_sectors(buf1
, buf2
, nb_sectors
, &pnum
);
1209 if (ret
|| pnum
!= nb_sectors
) {
1210 qprintf(quiet
, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64
"!\n",
1212 ret
? sector_num
: sector_num
+ pnum
));
1220 qprintf(quiet
, "Strict mode: Offset %" PRId64
1221 " allocation mismatch!\n",
1222 sectors_to_bytes(sector_num
));
1227 ret
= check_empty_sectors(bs1
, sector_num
, nb_sectors
,
1228 filename1
, buf1
, quiet
);
1230 ret
= check_empty_sectors(bs2
, sector_num
, nb_sectors
,
1231 filename2
, buf1
, quiet
);
1235 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
": %s",
1236 sectors_to_bytes(sector_num
), strerror(-ret
));
1242 sector_num
+= nb_sectors
;
1243 qemu_progress_print(((float) nb_sectors
/ progress_base
)*100, 100);
1246 if (total_sectors1
!= total_sectors2
) {
1247 BlockDriverState
*bs_over
;
1248 int64_t total_sectors_over
;
1249 const char *filename_over
;
1251 qprintf(quiet
, "Warning: Image size mismatch!\n");
1252 if (total_sectors1
> total_sectors2
) {
1253 total_sectors_over
= total_sectors1
;
1255 filename_over
= filename1
;
1257 total_sectors_over
= total_sectors2
;
1259 filename_over
= filename2
;
1263 nb_sectors
= sectors_to_process(total_sectors_over
, sector_num
);
1264 if (nb_sectors
<= 0) {
1267 ret
= bdrv_is_allocated_above(bs_over
, NULL
, sector_num
,
1271 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s",
1278 ret
= check_empty_sectors(bs_over
, sector_num
, nb_sectors
,
1279 filename_over
, buf1
, quiet
);
1282 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1283 " of %s: %s", sectors_to_bytes(sector_num
),
1284 filename_over
, strerror(-ret
));
1290 sector_num
+= nb_sectors
;
1291 qemu_progress_print(((float) nb_sectors
/ progress_base
)*100, 100);
1295 qprintf(quiet
, "Images are identical.\n");
1305 qemu_progress_end();
1309 static int img_convert(int argc
, char **argv
)
1311 int c
, n
, n1
, bs_n
, bs_i
, compress
, cluster_sectors
, skip_create
;
1313 int progress
= 0, flags
, src_flags
;
1314 const char *fmt
, *out_fmt
, *cache
, *src_cache
, *out_baseimg
, *out_filename
;
1315 BlockDriver
*drv
, *proto_drv
;
1316 BlockBackend
**blk
= NULL
, *out_blk
= NULL
;
1317 BlockDriverState
**bs
= NULL
, *out_bs
= NULL
;
1318 int64_t total_sectors
, nb_sectors
, sector_num
, bs_offset
;
1319 int64_t *bs_sectors
= NULL
;
1320 uint8_t * buf
= NULL
;
1321 size_t bufsectors
= IO_BUF_SIZE
/ BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE
;
1322 const uint8_t *buf1
;
1323 BlockDriverInfo bdi
;
1324 QemuOpts
*opts
= NULL
;
1325 QemuOptsList
*create_opts
= NULL
;
1326 const char *out_baseimg_param
;
1327 char *options
= NULL
;
1328 const char *snapshot_name
= NULL
;
1329 int min_sparse
= 8; /* Need at least 4k of zeros for sparse detection */
1331 Error
*local_err
= NULL
;
1332 QemuOpts
*sn_opts
= NULL
;
1337 src_cache
= BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE
;
1342 c
= getopt(argc
, argv
, "hf:O:B:ce6o:s:l:S:pt:T:qn");
1358 out_baseimg
= optarg
;
1364 error_report("option -e is deprecated, please use \'-o "
1365 "encryption\' instead!");
1369 error_report("option -6 is deprecated, please use \'-o "
1370 "compat6\' instead!");
1374 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg
)) {
1375 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg
);
1380 options
= g_strdup(optarg
);
1382 char *old_options
= options
;
1383 options
= g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options
, optarg
);
1384 g_free(old_options
);
1388 snapshot_name
= optarg
;
1391 if (strstart(optarg
, SNAPSHOT_OPT_BASE
, NULL
)) {
1392 sn_opts
= qemu_opts_parse(&internal_snapshot_opts
, optarg
, 0);
1394 error_report("Failed in parsing snapshot param '%s'",
1400 snapshot_name
= optarg
;
1407 sval
= strtosz_suffix(optarg
, &end
, STRTOSZ_DEFSUFFIX_B
);
1408 if (sval
< 0 || *end
) {
1409 error_report("Invalid minimum zero buffer size for sparse output specified");
1414 min_sparse
= sval
/ BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE
;
1435 /* Initialize before goto out */
1439 qemu_progress_init(progress
, 1.0);
1442 bs_n
= argc
- optind
- 1;
1443 out_filename
= bs_n
>= 1 ? argv
[argc
- 1] : NULL
;
1445 if (options
&& has_help_option(options
)) {
1446 ret
= print_block_option_help(out_filename
, out_fmt
);
1451 error_exit("Must specify image file name");
1455 if (bs_n
> 1 && out_baseimg
) {
1456 error_report("-B makes no sense when concatenating multiple input "
1462 src_flags
= BDRV_O_FLAGS
;
1463 ret
= bdrv_parse_cache_flags(src_cache
, &src_flags
);
1465 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", src_cache
);
1469 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
1471 blk
= g_new0(BlockBackend
*, bs_n
);
1472 bs
= g_new0(BlockDriverState
*, bs_n
);
1473 bs_sectors
= g_new(int64_t, bs_n
);
1476 for (bs_i
= 0; bs_i
< bs_n
; bs_i
++) {
1477 char *id
= bs_n
> 1 ? g_strdup_printf("source_%d", bs_i
)
1478 : g_strdup("source");
1479 blk
[bs_i
] = img_open(id
, argv
[optind
+ bs_i
], fmt
, src_flags
,
1486 bs
[bs_i
] = blk_bs(blk
[bs_i
]);
1487 bs_sectors
[bs_i
] = bdrv_nb_sectors(bs
[bs_i
]);
1488 if (bs_sectors
[bs_i
] < 0) {
1489 error_report("Could not get size of %s: %s",
1490 argv
[optind
+ bs_i
], strerror(-bs_sectors
[bs_i
]));
1494 total_sectors
+= bs_sectors
[bs_i
];
1498 ret
= bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp(bs
[0],
1499 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts
, SNAPSHOT_OPT_ID
),
1500 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts
, SNAPSHOT_OPT_NAME
),
1502 } else if (snapshot_name
!= NULL
) {
1504 error_report("No support for concatenating multiple snapshot");
1509 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp_by_id_or_name(bs
[0], snapshot_name
, &local_err
);
1512 error_report("Failed to load snapshot: %s",
1513 error_get_pretty(local_err
));
1514 error_free(local_err
);
1519 /* Find driver and parse its options */
1520 drv
= bdrv_find_format(out_fmt
);
1522 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", out_fmt
);
1527 proto_drv
= bdrv_find_protocol(out_filename
, true);
1529 error_report("Unknown protocol '%s'", out_filename
);
1534 if (!drv
->create_opts
) {
1535 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation",
1541 if (!proto_drv
->create_opts
) {
1542 error_report("Protocol driver '%s' does not support image creation",
1543 proto_drv
->format_name
);
1548 create_opts
= qemu_opts_append(create_opts
, drv
->create_opts
);
1549 create_opts
= qemu_opts_append(create_opts
, proto_drv
->create_opts
);
1551 opts
= qemu_opts_create(create_opts
, NULL
, 0, &error_abort
);
1552 if (options
&& qemu_opts_do_parse(opts
, options
, NULL
)) {
1553 error_report("Invalid options for file format '%s'", out_fmt
);
1558 qemu_opt_set_number(opts
, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE
, total_sectors
* 512);
1559 ret
= add_old_style_options(out_fmt
, opts
, out_baseimg
, NULL
);
1564 /* Get backing file name if -o backing_file was used */
1565 out_baseimg_param
= qemu_opt_get(opts
, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE
);
1566 if (out_baseimg_param
) {
1567 out_baseimg
= out_baseimg_param
;
1570 /* Check if compression is supported */
1573 qemu_opt_get_bool(opts
, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT
, false);
1574 const char *preallocation
=
1575 qemu_opt_get(opts
, BLOCK_OPT_PREALLOC
);
1577 if (!drv
->bdrv_write_compressed
) {
1578 error_report("Compression not supported for this file format");
1584 error_report("Compression and encryption not supported at "
1591 && strcmp(preallocation
, "off"))
1593 error_report("Compression and preallocation not supported at "
1601 /* Create the new image */
1602 ret
= bdrv_create(drv
, out_filename
, opts
, &local_err
);
1604 error_report("%s: error while converting %s: %s",
1605 out_filename
, out_fmt
, error_get_pretty(local_err
));
1606 error_free(local_err
);
1611 flags
= min_sparse
? (BDRV_O_RDWR
| BDRV_O_UNMAP
) : BDRV_O_RDWR
;
1612 ret
= bdrv_parse_cache_flags(cache
, &flags
);
1614 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache
);
1618 out_blk
= img_open("target", out_filename
, out_fmt
, flags
, true, quiet
);
1623 out_bs
= blk_bs(out_blk
);
1628 /* increase bufsectors from the default 4096 (2M) if opt_transfer_length
1629 * or discard_alignment of the out_bs is greater. Limit to 32768 (16MB)
1631 bufsectors
= MIN(32768,
1632 MAX(bufsectors
, MAX(out_bs
->bl
.opt_transfer_length
,
1633 out_bs
->bl
.discard_alignment
))
1636 buf
= qemu_blockalign(out_bs
, bufsectors
* BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE
);
1639 int64_t output_sectors
= bdrv_nb_sectors(out_bs
);
1640 if (output_sectors
< 0) {
1641 error_report("unable to get output image length: %s\n",
1642 strerror(-output_sectors
));
1645 } else if (output_sectors
< total_sectors
) {
1646 error_report("output file is smaller than input file");
1652 cluster_sectors
= 0;
1653 ret
= bdrv_get_info(out_bs
, &bdi
);
1656 error_report("could not get block driver info");
1660 compress
= compress
|| bdi
.needs_compressed_writes
;
1661 cluster_sectors
= bdi
.cluster_size
/ BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE
;
1665 if (cluster_sectors
<= 0 || cluster_sectors
> bufsectors
) {
1666 error_report("invalid cluster size");
1672 nb_sectors
= total_sectors
;
1679 nb_sectors
= total_sectors
- sector_num
;
1680 if (nb_sectors
<= 0)
1682 if (nb_sectors
>= cluster_sectors
)
1683 n
= cluster_sectors
;
1687 bs_num
= sector_num
- bs_offset
;
1688 assert (bs_num
>= 0);
1691 while (remainder
> 0) {
1693 while (bs_num
== bs_sectors
[bs_i
]) {
1694 bs_offset
+= bs_sectors
[bs_i
];
1696 assert (bs_i
< bs_n
);
1698 /* printf("changing part: sector_num=%" PRId64 ", "
1699 "bs_i=%d, bs_offset=%" PRId64 ", bs_sectors=%" PRId64
1700 "\n", sector_num, bs_i, bs_offset, bs_sectors[bs_i]); */
1702 assert (bs_num
< bs_sectors
[bs_i
]);
1704 nlow
= remainder
> bs_sectors
[bs_i
] - bs_num
1705 ? bs_sectors
[bs_i
] - bs_num
: remainder
;
1707 ret
= bdrv_read(bs
[bs_i
], bs_num
, buf2
, nlow
);
1709 error_report("error while reading sector %" PRId64
": %s",
1710 bs_num
, strerror(-ret
));
1719 assert (remainder
== 0);
1721 if (!buffer_is_zero(buf
, n
* BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE
)) {
1722 ret
= bdrv_write_compressed(out_bs
, sector_num
, buf
, n
);
1724 error_report("error while compressing sector %" PRId64
1725 ": %s", sector_num
, strerror(-ret
));
1730 qemu_progress_print(100.0 * sector_num
/ total_sectors
, 0);
1732 /* signal EOF to align */
1733 bdrv_write_compressed(out_bs
, 0, NULL
, 0);
1735 int64_t sectors_to_read
, sectors_read
, sector_num_next_status
;
1736 bool count_allocated_sectors
;
1737 int has_zero_init
= min_sparse
? bdrv_has_zero_init(out_bs
) : 0;
1739 if (!has_zero_init
&& bdrv_can_write_zeroes_with_unmap(out_bs
)) {
1740 ret
= bdrv_make_zero(out_bs
, BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP
);
1747 sectors_to_read
= total_sectors
;
1748 count_allocated_sectors
= progress
&& (out_baseimg
|| has_zero_init
);
1750 sector_num
= 0; // total number of sectors converted so far
1752 sector_num_next_status
= 0;
1755 nb_sectors
= total_sectors
- sector_num
;
1756 if (nb_sectors
<= 0) {
1757 if (count_allocated_sectors
) {
1758 sectors_to_read
= sectors_read
;
1759 count_allocated_sectors
= false;
1766 while (sector_num
- bs_offset
>= bs_sectors
[bs_i
]) {
1767 bs_offset
+= bs_sectors
[bs_i
];
1769 assert (bs_i
< bs_n
);
1770 /* printf("changing part: sector_num=%" PRId64 ", bs_i=%d, "
1771 "bs_offset=%" PRId64 ", bs_sectors=%" PRId64 "\n",
1772 sector_num, bs_i, bs_offset, bs_sectors[bs_i]); */
1775 if ((out_baseimg
|| has_zero_init
) &&
1776 sector_num
>= sector_num_next_status
) {
1777 n
= nb_sectors
> INT_MAX
? INT_MAX
: nb_sectors
;
1778 ret
= bdrv_get_block_status(bs
[bs_i
], sector_num
- bs_offset
,
1781 error_report("error while reading block status of sector %"
1782 PRId64
": %s", sector_num
- bs_offset
,
1786 /* If the output image is zero initialized, we are not working
1787 * on a shared base and the input is zero we can skip the next
1789 if (has_zero_init
&& !out_baseimg
&& (ret
& BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO
)) {
1793 /* If the output image is being created as a copy on write
1794 * image, assume that sectors which are unallocated in the
1795 * input image are present in both the output's and input's
1796 * base images (no need to copy them). */
1798 if (!(ret
& BDRV_BLOCK_DATA
)) {
1802 /* The next 'n1' sectors are allocated in the input image.
1803 * Copy only those as they may be followed by unallocated
1807 /* avoid redundant callouts to get_block_status */
1808 sector_num_next_status
= sector_num
+ n1
;
1811 n
= MIN(nb_sectors
, bufsectors
);
1813 /* round down request length to an aligned sector, but
1814 * do not bother doing this on short requests. They happen
1815 * when we found an all-zero area, and the next sector to
1816 * write will not be sector_num + n. */
1817 if (cluster_sectors
> 0 && n
>= cluster_sectors
) {
1818 int64_t next_aligned_sector
= (sector_num
+ n
);
1819 next_aligned_sector
-= next_aligned_sector
% cluster_sectors
;
1820 if (sector_num
+ n
> next_aligned_sector
) {
1821 n
= next_aligned_sector
- sector_num
;
1825 n
= MIN(n
, bs_sectors
[bs_i
] - (sector_num
- bs_offset
));
1828 if (count_allocated_sectors
) {
1834 ret
= bdrv_read(bs
[bs_i
], sector_num
- bs_offset
, buf
, n
);
1836 error_report("error while reading sector %" PRId64
": %s",
1837 sector_num
- bs_offset
, strerror(-ret
));
1840 /* NOTE: at the same time we convert, we do not write zero
1841 sectors to have a chance to compress the image. Ideally, we
1842 should add a specific call to have the info to go faster */
1845 if (!has_zero_init
||
1846 is_allocated_sectors_min(buf1
, n
, &n1
, min_sparse
)) {
1847 ret
= bdrv_write(out_bs
, sector_num
, buf1
, n1
);
1849 error_report("error while writing sector %" PRId64
1850 ": %s", sector_num
, strerror(-ret
));
1858 qemu_progress_print(100.0 * sectors_read
/ sectors_to_read
, 0);
1863 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
1865 qemu_progress_end();
1866 qemu_opts_del(opts
);
1867 qemu_opts_free(create_opts
);
1869 qemu_opts_del(sn_opts
);
1873 for (bs_i
= 0; bs_i
< bs_n
; bs_i
++) {
1874 blk_unref(blk
[bs_i
]);
1889 static void dump_snapshots(BlockDriverState
*bs
)
1891 QEMUSnapshotInfo
*sn_tab
, *sn
;
1894 nb_sns
= bdrv_snapshot_list(bs
, &sn_tab
);
1897 printf("Snapshot list:\n");
1898 bdrv_snapshot_dump(fprintf
, stdout
, NULL
);
1900 for(i
= 0; i
< nb_sns
; i
++) {
1902 bdrv_snapshot_dump(fprintf
, stdout
, sn
);
1908 static void dump_json_image_info_list(ImageInfoList
*list
)
1910 Error
*local_err
= NULL
;
1912 QmpOutputVisitor
*ov
= qmp_output_visitor_new();
1914 visit_type_ImageInfoList(qmp_output_get_visitor(ov
),
1915 &list
, NULL
, &local_err
);
1916 obj
= qmp_output_get_qobject(ov
);
1917 str
= qobject_to_json_pretty(obj
);
1918 assert(str
!= NULL
);
1919 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str
));
1920 qobject_decref(obj
);
1921 qmp_output_visitor_cleanup(ov
);
1925 static void dump_json_image_info(ImageInfo
*info
)
1927 Error
*local_err
= NULL
;
1929 QmpOutputVisitor
*ov
= qmp_output_visitor_new();
1931 visit_type_ImageInfo(qmp_output_get_visitor(ov
),
1932 &info
, NULL
, &local_err
);
1933 obj
= qmp_output_get_qobject(ov
);
1934 str
= qobject_to_json_pretty(obj
);
1935 assert(str
!= NULL
);
1936 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str
));
1937 qobject_decref(obj
);
1938 qmp_output_visitor_cleanup(ov
);
1942 static void dump_human_image_info_list(ImageInfoList
*list
)
1944 ImageInfoList
*elem
;
1947 for (elem
= list
; elem
; elem
= elem
->next
) {
1953 bdrv_image_info_dump(fprintf
, stdout
, elem
->value
);
1957 static gboolean
str_equal_func(gconstpointer a
, gconstpointer b
)
1959 return strcmp(a
, b
) == 0;
1963 * Open an image file chain and return an ImageInfoList
1965 * @filename: topmost image filename
1966 * @fmt: topmost image format (may be NULL to autodetect)
1967 * @chain: true - enumerate entire backing file chain
1968 * false - only topmost image file
1970 * Returns a list of ImageInfo objects or NULL if there was an error opening an
1971 * image file. If there was an error a message will have been printed to
1974 static ImageInfoList
*collect_image_info_list(const char *filename
,
1978 ImageInfoList
*head
= NULL
;
1979 ImageInfoList
**last
= &head
;
1980 GHashTable
*filenames
;
1983 filenames
= g_hash_table_new_full(g_str_hash
, str_equal_func
, NULL
, NULL
);
1987 BlockDriverState
*bs
;
1989 ImageInfoList
*elem
;
1991 if (g_hash_table_lookup_extended(filenames
, filename
, NULL
, NULL
)) {
1992 error_report("Backing file '%s' creates an infinite loop.",
1996 g_hash_table_insert(filenames
, (gpointer
)filename
, NULL
);
1998 blk
= img_open("image", filename
, fmt
,
1999 BDRV_O_FLAGS
| BDRV_O_NO_BACKING
, false, false);
2005 bdrv_query_image_info(bs
, &info
, &err
);
2007 error_report("%s", error_get_pretty(err
));
2013 elem
= g_new0(ImageInfoList
, 1);
2020 filename
= fmt
= NULL
;
2022 if (info
->has_full_backing_filename
) {
2023 filename
= info
->full_backing_filename
;
2024 } else if (info
->has_backing_filename
) {
2025 filename
= info
->backing_filename
;
2027 if (info
->has_backing_filename_format
) {
2028 fmt
= info
->backing_filename_format
;
2032 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames
);
2036 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(head
);
2037 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames
);
2041 static int img_info(int argc
, char **argv
)
2044 OutputFormat output_format
= OFORMAT_HUMAN
;
2046 const char *filename
, *fmt
, *output
;
2047 ImageInfoList
*list
;
2052 int option_index
= 0;
2053 static const struct option long_options
[] = {
2054 {"help", no_argument
, 0, 'h'},
2055 {"format", required_argument
, 0, 'f'},
2056 {"output", required_argument
, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT
},
2057 {"backing-chain", no_argument
, 0, OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN
},
2060 c
= getopt_long(argc
, argv
, "f:h",
2061 long_options
, &option_index
);
2076 case OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN
:
2081 if (optind
!= argc
- 1) {
2082 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2084 filename
= argv
[optind
++];
2086 if (output
&& !strcmp(output
, "json")) {
2087 output_format
= OFORMAT_JSON
;
2088 } else if (output
&& !strcmp(output
, "human")) {
2089 output_format
= OFORMAT_HUMAN
;
2090 } else if (output
) {
2091 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
2095 list
= collect_image_info_list(filename
, fmt
, chain
);
2100 switch (output_format
) {
2102 dump_human_image_info_list(list
);
2106 dump_json_image_info_list(list
);
2108 dump_json_image_info(list
->value
);
2113 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(list
);
2118 typedef struct MapEntry
{
2124 BlockDriverState
*bs
;
2127 static void dump_map_entry(OutputFormat output_format
, MapEntry
*e
,
2130 switch (output_format
) {
2132 if ((e
->flags
& BDRV_BLOCK_DATA
) &&
2133 !(e
->flags
& BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID
)) {
2134 error_report("File contains external, encrypted or compressed clusters.");
2137 if ((e
->flags
& (BDRV_BLOCK_DATA
|BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO
)) == BDRV_BLOCK_DATA
) {
2138 printf("%#-16"PRIx64
"%#-16"PRIx64
"%#-16"PRIx64
"%s\n",
2139 e
->start
, e
->length
, e
->offset
, e
->bs
->filename
);
2141 /* This format ignores the distinction between 0, ZERO and ZERO|DATA.
2142 * Modify the flags here to allow more coalescing.
2145 (next
->flags
& (BDRV_BLOCK_DATA
|BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO
)) != BDRV_BLOCK_DATA
) {
2146 next
->flags
&= ~BDRV_BLOCK_DATA
;
2147 next
->flags
|= BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO
;
2151 printf("%s{ \"start\": %"PRId64
", \"length\": %"PRId64
", \"depth\": %d,"
2152 " \"zero\": %s, \"data\": %s",
2153 (e
->start
== 0 ? "[" : ",\n"),
2154 e
->start
, e
->length
, e
->depth
,
2155 (e
->flags
& BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO
) ? "true" : "false",
2156 (e
->flags
& BDRV_BLOCK_DATA
) ? "true" : "false");
2157 if (e
->flags
& BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID
) {
2158 printf(", \"offset\": %"PRId64
"", e
->offset
);
2169 static int get_block_status(BlockDriverState
*bs
, int64_t sector_num
,
2170 int nb_sectors
, MapEntry
*e
)
2175 /* As an optimization, we could cache the current range of unallocated
2176 * clusters in each file of the chain, and avoid querying the same
2182 ret
= bdrv_get_block_status(bs
, sector_num
, nb_sectors
, &nb_sectors
);
2187 if (ret
& (BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO
|BDRV_BLOCK_DATA
)) {
2190 bs
= bs
->backing_hd
;
2199 e
->start
= sector_num
* BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE
;
2200 e
->length
= nb_sectors
* BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE
;
2201 e
->flags
= ret
& ~BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_MASK
;
2202 e
->offset
= ret
& BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_MASK
;
2208 static int img_map(int argc
, char **argv
)
2211 OutputFormat output_format
= OFORMAT_HUMAN
;
2213 BlockDriverState
*bs
;
2214 const char *filename
, *fmt
, *output
;
2216 MapEntry curr
= { .length
= 0 }, next
;
2222 int option_index
= 0;
2223 static const struct option long_options
[] = {
2224 {"help", no_argument
, 0, 'h'},
2225 {"format", required_argument
, 0, 'f'},
2226 {"output", required_argument
, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT
},
2229 c
= getopt_long(argc
, argv
, "f:h",
2230 long_options
, &option_index
);
2247 if (optind
!= argc
- 1) {
2248 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2250 filename
= argv
[optind
];
2252 if (output
&& !strcmp(output
, "json")) {
2253 output_format
= OFORMAT_JSON
;
2254 } else if (output
&& !strcmp(output
, "human")) {
2255 output_format
= OFORMAT_HUMAN
;
2256 } else if (output
) {
2257 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
2261 blk
= img_open("image", filename
, fmt
, BDRV_O_FLAGS
, true, false);
2267 if (output_format
== OFORMAT_HUMAN
) {
2268 printf("%-16s%-16s%-16s%s\n", "Offset", "Length", "Mapped to", "File");
2271 length
= bdrv_getlength(bs
);
2272 while (curr
.start
+ curr
.length
< length
) {
2273 int64_t nsectors_left
;
2277 sector_num
= (curr
.start
+ curr
.length
) >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS
;
2279 /* Probe up to 1 GiB at a time. */
2280 nsectors_left
= DIV_ROUND_UP(length
, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE
) - sector_num
;
2281 n
= MIN(1 << (30 - BDRV_SECTOR_BITS
), nsectors_left
);
2282 ret
= get_block_status(bs
, sector_num
, n
, &next
);
2285 error_report("Could not read file metadata: %s", strerror(-ret
));
2289 if (curr
.length
!= 0 && curr
.flags
== next
.flags
&&
2290 curr
.depth
== next
.depth
&&
2291 ((curr
.flags
& BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID
) == 0 ||
2292 curr
.offset
+ curr
.length
== next
.offset
)) {
2293 curr
.length
+= next
.length
;
2297 if (curr
.length
> 0) {
2298 dump_map_entry(output_format
, &curr
, &next
);
2303 dump_map_entry(output_format
, &curr
, NULL
);
2310 #define SNAPSHOT_LIST 1
2311 #define SNAPSHOT_CREATE 2
2312 #define SNAPSHOT_APPLY 3
2313 #define SNAPSHOT_DELETE 4
2315 static int img_snapshot(int argc
, char **argv
)
2318 BlockDriverState
*bs
;
2319 QEMUSnapshotInfo sn
;
2320 char *filename
, *snapshot_name
= NULL
;
2321 int c
, ret
= 0, bdrv_oflags
;
2327 bdrv_oflags
= BDRV_O_FLAGS
| BDRV_O_RDWR
;
2328 /* Parse commandline parameters */
2330 c
= getopt(argc
, argv
, "la:c:d:hq");
2341 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2344 action
= SNAPSHOT_LIST
;
2345 bdrv_oflags
&= ~BDRV_O_RDWR
; /* no need for RW */
2349 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2352 action
= SNAPSHOT_APPLY
;
2353 snapshot_name
= optarg
;
2357 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2360 action
= SNAPSHOT_CREATE
;
2361 snapshot_name
= optarg
;
2365 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2368 action
= SNAPSHOT_DELETE
;
2369 snapshot_name
= optarg
;
2377 if (optind
!= argc
- 1) {
2378 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2380 filename
= argv
[optind
++];
2382 /* Open the image */
2383 blk
= img_open("image", filename
, NULL
, bdrv_oflags
, true, quiet
);
2389 /* Perform the requested action */
2395 case SNAPSHOT_CREATE
:
2396 memset(&sn
, 0, sizeof(sn
));
2397 pstrcpy(sn
.name
, sizeof(sn
.name
), snapshot_name
);
2399 qemu_gettimeofday(&tv
);
2400 sn
.date_sec
= tv
.tv_sec
;
2401 sn
.date_nsec
= tv
.tv_usec
* 1000;
2403 ret
= bdrv_snapshot_create(bs
, &sn
);
2405 error_report("Could not create snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
2406 snapshot_name
, ret
, strerror(-ret
));
2410 case SNAPSHOT_APPLY
:
2411 ret
= bdrv_snapshot_goto(bs
, snapshot_name
);
2413 error_report("Could not apply snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
2414 snapshot_name
, ret
, strerror(-ret
));
2418 case SNAPSHOT_DELETE
:
2419 bdrv_snapshot_delete_by_id_or_name(bs
, snapshot_name
, &err
);
2421 error_report("Could not delete snapshot '%s': (%s)",
2422 snapshot_name
, error_get_pretty(err
));
2437 static int img_rebase(int argc
, char **argv
)
2439 BlockBackend
*blk
= NULL
, *blk_old_backing
= NULL
, *blk_new_backing
= NULL
;
2440 BlockDriverState
*bs
= NULL
, *bs_old_backing
= NULL
, *bs_new_backing
= NULL
;
2441 BlockDriver
*old_backing_drv
, *new_backing_drv
;
2443 const char *fmt
, *cache
, *src_cache
, *out_basefmt
, *out_baseimg
;
2444 int c
, flags
, src_flags
, ret
;
2448 Error
*local_err
= NULL
;
2450 /* Parse commandline parameters */
2452 cache
= BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE
;
2453 src_cache
= BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE
;
2457 c
= getopt(argc
, argv
, "hf:F:b:upt:T:q");
2470 out_basefmt
= optarg
;
2473 out_baseimg
= optarg
;
2497 if (optind
!= argc
- 1) {
2498 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2500 if (!unsafe
&& !out_baseimg
) {
2501 error_exit("Must specify backing file (-b) or use unsafe mode (-u)");
2503 filename
= argv
[optind
++];
2505 qemu_progress_init(progress
, 2.0);
2506 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
2508 flags
= BDRV_O_RDWR
| (unsafe
? BDRV_O_NO_BACKING
: 0);
2509 ret
= bdrv_parse_cache_flags(cache
, &flags
);
2511 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache
);
2515 src_flags
= BDRV_O_FLAGS
;
2516 ret
= bdrv_parse_cache_flags(src_cache
, &src_flags
);
2518 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", src_cache
);
2525 * Ignore the old backing file for unsafe rebase in case we want to correct
2526 * the reference to a renamed or moved backing file.
2528 blk
= img_open("image", filename
, fmt
, flags
, true, quiet
);
2535 /* Find the right drivers for the backing files */
2536 old_backing_drv
= NULL
;
2537 new_backing_drv
= NULL
;
2539 if (!unsafe
&& bs
->backing_format
[0] != '\0') {
2540 old_backing_drv
= bdrv_find_format(bs
->backing_format
);
2541 if (old_backing_drv
== NULL
) {
2542 error_report("Invalid format name: '%s'", bs
->backing_format
);
2548 if (out_basefmt
!= NULL
) {
2549 new_backing_drv
= bdrv_find_format(out_basefmt
);
2550 if (new_backing_drv
== NULL
) {
2551 error_report("Invalid format name: '%s'", out_basefmt
);
2557 /* For safe rebasing we need to compare old and new backing file */
2559 char backing_name
[1024];
2561 blk_old_backing
= blk_new_with_bs("old_backing", &error_abort
);
2562 bs_old_backing
= blk_bs(blk_old_backing
);
2563 bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs
, backing_name
, sizeof(backing_name
));
2564 ret
= bdrv_open(&bs_old_backing
, backing_name
, NULL
, NULL
, src_flags
,
2565 old_backing_drv
, &local_err
);
2567 error_report("Could not open old backing file '%s': %s",
2568 backing_name
, error_get_pretty(local_err
));
2569 error_free(local_err
);
2572 if (out_baseimg
[0]) {
2573 blk_new_backing
= blk_new_with_bs("new_backing", &error_abort
);
2574 bs_new_backing
= blk_bs(blk_new_backing
);
2575 ret
= bdrv_open(&bs_new_backing
, out_baseimg
, NULL
, NULL
, src_flags
,
2576 new_backing_drv
, &local_err
);
2578 error_report("Could not open new backing file '%s': %s",
2579 out_baseimg
, error_get_pretty(local_err
));
2580 error_free(local_err
);
2587 * Check each unallocated cluster in the COW file. If it is unallocated,
2588 * accesses go to the backing file. We must therefore compare this cluster
2589 * in the old and new backing file, and if they differ we need to copy it
2590 * from the old backing file into the COW file.
2592 * If qemu-img crashes during this step, no harm is done. The content of
2593 * the image is the same as the original one at any time.
2596 int64_t num_sectors
;
2597 int64_t old_backing_num_sectors
;
2598 int64_t new_backing_num_sectors
= 0;
2603 float local_progress
= 0;
2605 buf_old
= qemu_blockalign(bs
, IO_BUF_SIZE
);
2606 buf_new
= qemu_blockalign(bs
, IO_BUF_SIZE
);
2608 num_sectors
= bdrv_nb_sectors(bs
);
2609 if (num_sectors
< 0) {
2610 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
2611 filename
, strerror(-num_sectors
));
2615 old_backing_num_sectors
= bdrv_nb_sectors(bs_old_backing
);
2616 if (old_backing_num_sectors
< 0) {
2617 char backing_name
[1024];
2619 bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs
, backing_name
, sizeof(backing_name
));
2620 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
2621 backing_name
, strerror(-old_backing_num_sectors
));
2625 if (bs_new_backing
) {
2626 new_backing_num_sectors
= bdrv_nb_sectors(bs_new_backing
);
2627 if (new_backing_num_sectors
< 0) {
2628 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
2629 out_baseimg
, strerror(-new_backing_num_sectors
));
2635 if (num_sectors
!= 0) {
2636 local_progress
= (float)100 /
2637 (num_sectors
/ MIN(num_sectors
, IO_BUF_SIZE
/ 512));
2640 for (sector
= 0; sector
< num_sectors
; sector
+= n
) {
2642 /* How many sectors can we handle with the next read? */
2643 if (sector
+ (IO_BUF_SIZE
/ 512) <= num_sectors
) {
2644 n
= (IO_BUF_SIZE
/ 512);
2646 n
= num_sectors
- sector
;
2649 /* If the cluster is allocated, we don't need to take action */
2650 ret
= bdrv_is_allocated(bs
, sector
, n
, &n
);
2652 error_report("error while reading image metadata: %s",
2661 * Read old and new backing file and take into consideration that
2662 * backing files may be smaller than the COW image.
2664 if (sector
>= old_backing_num_sectors
) {
2665 memset(buf_old
, 0, n
* BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE
);
2667 if (sector
+ n
> old_backing_num_sectors
) {
2668 n
= old_backing_num_sectors
- sector
;
2671 ret
= bdrv_read(bs_old_backing
, sector
, buf_old
, n
);
2673 error_report("error while reading from old backing file");
2678 if (sector
>= new_backing_num_sectors
|| !bs_new_backing
) {
2679 memset(buf_new
, 0, n
* BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE
);
2681 if (sector
+ n
> new_backing_num_sectors
) {
2682 n
= new_backing_num_sectors
- sector
;
2685 ret
= bdrv_read(bs_new_backing
, sector
, buf_new
, n
);
2687 error_report("error while reading from new backing file");
2692 /* If they differ, we need to write to the COW file */
2693 uint64_t written
= 0;
2695 while (written
< n
) {
2698 if (compare_sectors(buf_old
+ written
* 512,
2699 buf_new
+ written
* 512, n
- written
, &pnum
))
2701 ret
= bdrv_write(bs
, sector
+ written
,
2702 buf_old
+ written
* 512, pnum
);
2704 error_report("Error while writing to COW image: %s",
2712 qemu_progress_print(local_progress
, 100);
2715 qemu_vfree(buf_old
);
2716 qemu_vfree(buf_new
);
2720 * Change the backing file. All clusters that are different from the old
2721 * backing file are overwritten in the COW file now, so the visible content
2722 * doesn't change when we switch the backing file.
2724 if (out_baseimg
&& *out_baseimg
) {
2725 ret
= bdrv_change_backing_file(bs
, out_baseimg
, out_basefmt
);
2727 ret
= bdrv_change_backing_file(bs
, NULL
, NULL
);
2730 if (ret
== -ENOSPC
) {
2731 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': No "
2732 "space left in the file header", out_baseimg
);
2733 } else if (ret
< 0) {
2734 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': %s",
2735 out_baseimg
, strerror(-ret
));
2738 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
2740 * TODO At this point it is possible to check if any clusters that are
2741 * allocated in the COW file are the same in the backing file. If so, they
2742 * could be dropped from the COW file. Don't do this before switching the
2743 * backing file, in case of a crash this would lead to corruption.
2746 qemu_progress_end();
2749 blk_unref(blk_old_backing
);
2750 blk_unref(blk_new_backing
);
2760 static int img_resize(int argc
, char **argv
)
2762 int c
, ret
, relative
;
2763 const char *filename
, *fmt
, *size
;
2764 int64_t n
, total_size
;
2766 BlockBackend
*blk
= NULL
;
2767 BlockDriverState
*bs
= NULL
;
2769 static QemuOptsList resize_options
= {
2770 .name
= "resize_options",
2771 .head
= QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(resize_options
.head
),
2774 .name
= BLOCK_OPT_SIZE
,
2775 .type
= QEMU_OPT_SIZE
,
2776 .help
= "Virtual disk size"
2783 /* Remove size from argv manually so that negative numbers are not treated
2784 * as options by getopt. */
2786 error_exit("Not enough arguments");
2790 size
= argv
[--argc
];
2792 /* Parse getopt arguments */
2795 c
= getopt(argc
, argv
, "f:hq");
2812 if (optind
!= argc
- 1) {
2813 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2815 filename
= argv
[optind
++];
2817 /* Choose grow, shrink, or absolute resize mode */
2833 param
= qemu_opts_create(&resize_options
, NULL
, 0, &error_abort
);
2834 if (qemu_opt_set(param
, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE
, size
)) {
2835 /* Error message already printed when size parsing fails */
2837 qemu_opts_del(param
);
2840 n
= qemu_opt_get_size(param
, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE
, 0);
2841 qemu_opts_del(param
);
2843 blk
= img_open("image", filename
, fmt
, BDRV_O_FLAGS
| BDRV_O_RDWR
,
2852 total_size
= bdrv_getlength(bs
) + n
* relative
;
2856 if (total_size
<= 0) {
2857 error_report("New image size must be positive");
2862 ret
= bdrv_truncate(bs
, total_size
);
2865 qprintf(quiet
, "Image resized.\n");
2868 error_report("This image does not support resize");
2871 error_report("Image is read-only");
2874 error_report("Error resizing image (%d)", -ret
);
2885 static void amend_status_cb(BlockDriverState
*bs
,
2886 int64_t offset
, int64_t total_work_size
)
2888 qemu_progress_print(100.f
* offset
/ total_work_size
, 0);
2891 static int img_amend(int argc
, char **argv
)
2894 char *options
= NULL
;
2895 QemuOptsList
*create_opts
= NULL
;
2896 QemuOpts
*opts
= NULL
;
2897 const char *fmt
= NULL
, *filename
, *cache
;
2899 bool quiet
= false, progress
= false;
2900 BlockBackend
*blk
= NULL
;
2901 BlockDriverState
*bs
= NULL
;
2903 cache
= BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE
;
2905 c
= getopt(argc
, argv
, "ho:f:t:pq");
2916 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg
)) {
2917 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg
);
2922 options
= g_strdup(optarg
);
2924 char *old_options
= options
;
2925 options
= g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options
, optarg
);
2926 g_free(old_options
);
2945 error_exit("Must specify options (-o)");
2951 qemu_progress_init(progress
, 1.0);
2953 filename
= (optind
== argc
- 1) ? argv
[argc
- 1] : NULL
;
2954 if (fmt
&& has_help_option(options
)) {
2955 /* If a format is explicitly specified (and possibly no filename is
2956 * given), print option help here */
2957 ret
= print_block_option_help(filename
, fmt
);
2961 if (optind
!= argc
- 1) {
2962 error_report("Expecting one image file name");
2967 flags
= BDRV_O_FLAGS
| BDRV_O_RDWR
;
2968 ret
= bdrv_parse_cache_flags(cache
, &flags
);
2970 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache
);
2974 blk
= img_open("image", filename
, fmt
, flags
, true, quiet
);
2981 fmt
= bs
->drv
->format_name
;
2983 if (has_help_option(options
)) {
2984 /* If the format was auto-detected, print option help here */
2985 ret
= print_block_option_help(filename
, fmt
);
2989 if (!bs
->drv
->create_opts
) {
2990 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support any options to amend",
2996 create_opts
= qemu_opts_append(create_opts
, bs
->drv
->create_opts
);
2997 opts
= qemu_opts_create(create_opts
, NULL
, 0, &error_abort
);
2998 if (options
&& qemu_opts_do_parse(opts
, options
, NULL
)) {
2999 error_report("Invalid options for file format '%s'", fmt
);
3004 /* In case the driver does not call amend_status_cb() */
3005 qemu_progress_print(0.f
, 0);
3006 ret
= bdrv_amend_options(bs
, opts
, &amend_status_cb
);
3007 qemu_progress_print(100.f
, 0);
3009 error_report("Error while amending options: %s", strerror(-ret
));
3014 qemu_progress_end();
3017 qemu_opts_del(opts
);
3018 qemu_opts_free(create_opts
);
3027 static const img_cmd_t img_cmds
[] = {
3028 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
3029 { option, callback },
3030 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
3036 int main(int argc
, char **argv
)
3038 const img_cmd_t
*cmd
;
3039 const char *cmdname
;
3040 Error
*local_error
= NULL
;
3042 static const struct option long_options
[] = {
3043 {"help", no_argument
, 0, 'h'},
3044 {"version", no_argument
, 0, 'v'},
3049 signal(SIGPIPE
, SIG_IGN
);
3052 error_set_progname(argv
[0]);
3053 qemu_init_exec_dir(argv
[0]);
3055 if (qemu_init_main_loop(&local_error
)) {
3056 error_report("%s", error_get_pretty(local_error
));
3057 error_free(local_error
);
3063 error_exit("Not enough arguments");
3067 /* find the command */
3068 for (cmd
= img_cmds
; cmd
->name
!= NULL
; cmd
++) {
3069 if (!strcmp(cmdname
, cmd
->name
)) {
3070 return cmd
->handler(argc
- 1, argv
+ 1);
3074 c
= getopt_long(argc
, argv
, "h", long_options
, NULL
);
3080 printf(QEMU_IMG_VERSION
);
3085 error_exit("Command not found: %s", cmdname
);