2 =======================================
3 Reset in QEMU: the Resettable interface
4 =======================================
6 The reset of qemu objects is handled using the resettable interface declared
7 in ``include/hw/resettable.h``.
9 This interface allows objects to be grouped (on a tree basis); so that the
10 whole group can be reset consistently. Each individual member object does not
11 have to care about others; in particular, problems of order (which object is
12 reset first) are addressed.
14 As of now DeviceClass and BusClass implement this interface.
20 This section documents the APIs which "users" of a resettable object should use
21 to control it. All resettable control functions must be called while holding
24 You can apply a reset to an object using ``resettable_assert_reset()``. You need
25 to call ``resettable_release_reset()`` to release the object from reset. To
26 instantly reset an object, without keeping it in reset state, just call
27 ``resettable_reset()``. These functions take two parameters: a pointer to the
28 object to reset and a reset type.
30 Several types of reset will be supported. For now only cold reset is defined;
31 others may be added later. The Resettable interface handles reset types with an
35 Cold reset is supported by every resettable object. In QEMU, it means we reset
36 to the initial state corresponding to the start of QEMU; this might differ
37 from what is a real hardware cold reset. It differs from other resets (like
38 warm or bus resets) which may keep certain parts untouched.
40 Calling ``resettable_reset()`` is equivalent to calling
41 ``resettable_assert_reset()`` then ``resettable_release_reset()``. It is
42 possible to interleave multiple calls to these three functions. There may
43 be several reset sources/controllers of a given object. The interface handles
44 everything and the different reset controllers do not need to know anything
45 about each others. The object will leave reset state only when each other
46 controllers end their reset operation. This point is handled internally by
47 maintaining a count of in-progress resets; it is crucial to call
48 ``resettable_release_reset()`` one time and only one time per
49 ``resettable_assert_reset()`` call.
51 For now migration of a device or bus in reset is not supported. Care must be
52 taken not to delay ``resettable_release_reset()`` after its
53 ``resettable_assert_reset()`` counterpart.
55 Note that, since resettable is an interface, the API takes a simple Object as
56 parameter. Still, it is a programming error to call a resettable function on a
57 non-resettable object and it will trigger a run time assert error. Since most
58 calls to resettable interface are done through base class functions, such an
59 error is not likely to happen.
61 For Devices and Buses, the following helper functions exist:
63 - ``device_cold_reset()``
64 - ``bus_cold_reset()``
66 These are simple wrappers around resettable_reset() function; they only cast the
67 Device or Bus into an Object and pass the cold reset type. When possible
68 prefer to use these functions instead of ``resettable_reset()``.
70 Device and bus functions co-exist because there can be semantic differences
71 between resetting a bus and resetting the controller bridge which owns it.
72 For example, consider a SCSI controller. Resetting the controller puts all
73 its registers back to what reset state was as well as reset everything on the
74 SCSI bus, whereas resetting just the SCSI bus only resets everything that's on
75 it but not the controller.
81 This section documents the internals of the resettable interface.
83 The resettable interface uses a multi-phase system to relieve objects and
84 machines from reset ordering problems. To address this, the reset operation
85 of an object is split into three well defined phases.
87 When resetting several objects (for example the whole machine at simulation
88 startup), all first phases of all objects are executed, then all second phases
89 and then all third phases.
93 1. The **enter** phase is executed when the object enters reset. It resets only
94 local state of the object; it must not do anything that has a side-effect
95 on other objects, such as raising or lowering a qemu_irq line or reading or
98 2. The **hold** phase is executed for entry into reset, once every object in the
99 group which is being reset has had its *enter* phase executed. At this point
100 devices can do actions that affect other objects.
102 3. The **exit** phase is executed when the object leaves the reset state.
103 Actions affecting other objects are permitted.
105 As said in previous section, the interface maintains a count of reset. This
106 count is used to ensure phases are executed only when required. *enter* and
107 *hold* phases are executed only when asserting reset for the first time
108 (if an object is already in reset state when calling
109 ``resettable_assert_reset()`` or ``resettable_reset()``, they are not
111 The *exit* phase is executed only when the last reset operation ends. Therefore
112 the object does not need to care how many of reset controllers it has and how
113 many of them have started a reset.
116 Handling reset in a resettable object
117 -------------------------------------
119 This section documents the APIs that an implementation of a resettable object
120 must provide and what functions it has access to. It is intended for people
121 who want to implement or convert a class which has the resettable interface;
122 for example when specializing an existing device or bus.
127 Three methods should be defined or left empty. Each method corresponds to a
128 phase of the reset; they are name ``phases.enter()``, ``phases.hold()`` and
129 ``phases.exit()``. They all take the object as parameter. The *enter* method
130 also take the reset type as second parameter.
132 When extending an existing class, these methods may need to be extended too.
133 The ``resettable_class_set_parent_phases()`` class function may be used to
134 backup parent class methods.
136 Here follows an example to implement reset for a Device which sets an IO while
141 static void mydev_reset_enter(Object *obj, ResetType type)
143 MyDevClass *myclass = MYDEV_GET_CLASS(obj);
144 MyDevState *mydev = MYDEV(obj);
145 /* call parent class enter phase */
146 if (myclass->parent_phases.enter) {
147 myclass->parent_phases.enter(obj, type);
149 /* initialize local state only */
153 static void mydev_reset_hold(Object *obj)
155 MyDevClass *myclass = MYDEV_GET_CLASS(obj);
156 MyDevState *mydev = MYDEV(obj);
157 /* call parent class hold phase */
158 if (myclass->parent_phases.hold) {
159 myclass->parent_phases.hold(obj);
162 qemu_set_irq(mydev->irq, 1);
165 static void mydev_reset_exit(Object *obj)
167 MyDevClass *myclass = MYDEV_GET_CLASS(obj);
168 MyDevState *mydev = MYDEV(obj);
169 /* call parent class exit phase */
170 if (myclass->parent_phases.exit) {
171 myclass->parent_phases.exit(obj);
174 qemu_set_irq(mydev->irq, 0);
177 typedef struct MyDevClass {
178 MyParentClass parent_class;
179 /* to store eventual parent reset methods */
180 ResettablePhases parent_phases;
183 static void mydev_class_init(ObjectClass *class, void *data)
185 MyDevClass *myclass = MYDEV_CLASS(class);
186 ResettableClass *rc = RESETTABLE_CLASS(class);
187 resettable_class_set_parent_reset_phases(rc,
191 &myclass->parent_phases);
194 In the above example, we override all three phases. It is possible to override
195 only some of them by passing NULL instead of a function pointer to
196 ``resettable_class_set_parent_reset_phases()``. For example, the following will
197 only override the *enter* phase and leave *hold* and *exit* untouched::
199 resettable_class_set_parent_reset_phases(rc, mydev_reset_enter,
201 &myclass->parent_phases);
203 This is equivalent to providing a trivial implementation of the hold and exit
204 phases which does nothing but call the parent class's implementation of the
207 Polling the reset state
208 .......................
210 Resettable interface provides the ``resettable_is_in_reset()`` function.
211 This function returns true if the object parameter is currently under reset.
213 An object is under reset from the beginning of the *init* phase to the end of
214 the *exit* phase. During all three phases, the function will return that the
217 This function may be used if the object behavior has to be adapted
218 while in reset state. For example if a device has an irq input,
219 it will probably need to ignore it while in reset; then it can for
220 example check the reset state at the beginning of the irq callback.
222 Note that until migration of the reset state is supported, an object
223 should not be left in reset. So apart from being currently executing
224 one of the reset phases, the only cases when this function will return
225 true is if an external interaction (like changing an io) is made during
226 *hold* or *exit* phase of another object in the same reset group.
228 Helpers ``device_is_in_reset()`` and ``bus_is_in_reset()`` are also provided
229 for devices and buses and should be preferred.
232 Base class handling of reset
233 ----------------------------
235 This section documents parts of the reset mechanism that you only need to know
236 about if you are extending it to work with a new base class other than
237 DeviceClass or BusClass, or maintaining the existing code in those classes. Most
238 people can ignore it.
243 There are two other methods that need to exist in a class implementing the
244 interface: ``get_state()`` and ``child_foreach()``.
246 ``get_state()`` is simple. *resettable* is an interface and, as a consequence,
247 does not have any class state structure. But in order to factorize the code, we
248 need one. This method must return a pointer to ``ResettableState`` structure.
249 The structure must be allocated by the base class; preferably it should be
250 located inside the object instance structure.
252 ``child_foreach()`` is more complex. It should execute the given callback on
253 every reset child of the given resettable object. All children must be
254 resettable too. Additional parameters (a reset type and an opaque pointer) must
255 be passed to the callback too.
257 In ``DeviceClass`` and ``BusClass`` the ``ResettableState`` is located
258 ``DeviceState`` and ``BusState`` structure. ``child_foreach()`` is implemented
259 to follow the bus hierarchy; for a bus, it calls the function on every child
260 device; for a device, it calls the function on every bus child. When we reset
261 the main system bus, we reset the whole machine bus tree.
263 Changing a resettable parent
264 ............................
266 One thing which should be taken care of by the base class is handling reset
269 The reset hierarchy is supposed to be static and built during machine creation.
270 But there are actually some exceptions. To cope with this, the resettable API
271 provides ``resettable_change_parent()``. This function allows to set, update or
272 remove the parent of a resettable object after machine creation is done. As
273 parameters, it takes the object being moved, the old parent if any and the new
276 This function can be used at any time when not in a reset operation. During
277 a reset operation it must be used only in *hold* phase. Using it in *enter* or
278 *exit* phase is an error.
279 Also it should not be used during machine creation, although it is harmless to
280 do so: the function is a no-op as long as old and new parent are NULL or not
283 There is currently 2 cases where this function is used:
285 1. *device hotplug*; it means a new device is introduced on a live bus.
287 2. *hot bus change*; it means an existing live device is added, moved or
288 removed in the bus hierarchy. At the moment, it occurs only in the raspi
289 machines for changing the sdbus used by sd card.