1 = How to convert to -device & friends =
3 === Specifying Bus and Address on Bus ===
5 In qdev, each device has a parent bus. Some devices provide one or
6 more buses for children. You can specify a device's parent bus with
9 A device typically has a device address on its parent bus. For buses
10 where this address can be configured, devices provide a bus-specific
13 bus property name value format
14 PCI addr %x.%x (dev.fn, .fn optional)
19 virtio-serial-bus nr %u
21 USB port %d(.%d)* (port.port...)
23 Example: device i440FX-pcihost is on the root bus, and provides a PCI
24 bus named pci.0. To put a FOO device into its slot 4, use -device
25 FOO,bus=/i440FX-pcihost/pci.0,addr=4. The abbreviated form bus=pci.0
26 also works as long as the bus name is unique.
30 A QEMU block device (drive) has a host and a guest part.
32 In the general case, the guest device is connected to a controller
33 device. For instance, the IDE controller provides two IDE buses, each
34 of which can have up to two ide-drive devices, and each ide-drive
35 device is a guest part, and is connected to a host part.
37 Except we sometimes lump controller, bus(es) and drive device(s) all
38 together into a single device. For instance, the ISA floppy
39 controller is connected to up to two host drives.
41 The old ways to define block devices define host and guest part
42 together. Sometimes, they can even define a controller device in
43 addition to the block device.
45 The new way keeps the parts separate: you create the host part with
46 -drive, and guest device(s) with -device.
48 The various old ways to define drives all boil down to the common form
50 -drive if=TYPE,bus=BUS,unit=UNIT,OPTS...
52 TYPE, BUS and UNIT identify the controller device, which of its buses
53 to use, and the drive's address on that bus. Details depend on TYPE.
55 Instead of bus=BUS,unit=UNIT, you can also say index=IDX.
57 In the new way, this becomes something like
59 -drive if=none,id=DRIVE-ID,HOST-OPTS...
60 -device DEVNAME,drive=DRIVE-ID,DEV-OPTS...
62 The old OPTS get split into HOST-OPTS and DEV-OPTS as follows:
64 * file, format, snapshot, cache, aio, readonly, rerror, werror go into
67 * cyls, head, secs and trans go into HOST-OPTS. Future work: they
68 should go into DEV-OPTS instead.
70 * serial goes into DEV-OPTS, for devices supporting serial numbers.
71 For other devices, it goes nowhere.
73 * media is special. In the old way, it selects disk vs. CD-ROM with
74 if=ide, if=scsi and if=xen. The new way uses DEVNAME for that.
75 Additionally, readonly=on goes into HOST-OPTS.
77 * addr is special, see if=virtio below.
79 The -device argument differs in detail for each type of drive:
83 -device DEVNAME,drive=DRIVE-ID,bus=IDE-BUS,unit=UNIT
85 where DEVNAME is either ide-hd or ide-cd, IDE-BUS identifies an IDE
86 bus, normally either ide.0 or ide.1, and UNIT is either 0 or 1.
90 The old way implicitly creates SCSI controllers as needed. The new
91 way makes that explicit:
93 -device lsi53c895a,id=ID
95 As for all PCI devices, you can add bus=PCI-BUS,addr=DEVFN to
96 control the PCI device address.
98 This SCSI controller provides a single SCSI bus, named ID.0. Put a
101 -device DEVNAME,drive=DRIVE-ID,bus=ID.0,scsi-id=UNIT
103 where DEVNAME is either scsi-hd, scsi-cd or scsi-generic.
107 -global isa-fdc.driveA=DRIVE-ID
108 -global isa-fdc.driveB=DRIVE-ID
110 This is -global instead of -device, because the floppy controller is
111 created automatically, and we want to configure that one, not create
112 a second one (which isn't possible anyway).
114 Without any -global isa-fdc,... you get an empty driveA and no
115 driveB. You can use -nodefaults to suppress the default driveA, see
120 -device virtio-blk-pci,drive=DRIVE-ID,class=C,vectors=V,ioeventfd=IOEVENTFD
122 This lets you control PCI device class and MSI-X vectors.
124 IOEVENTFD controls whether or not ioeventfd is used for virtqueue
125 notify. It can be set to on (default) or off.
127 As for all PCI devices, you can add bus=PCI-BUS,addr=DEVFN to
128 control the PCI device address. This replaces option addr available
129 with -drive if=virtio.
131 * if=pflash, if=mtd, if=sd, if=xen are not yet available with -device
133 For USB devices, the old way is actually different:
135 -usbdevice disk:format=FMT:FILENAME
137 Provides much less control than -drive's OPTS... The new way fixes
140 -device usb-storage,drive=DRIVE-ID,removable=RMB
142 The removable parameter gives control over the SCSI INQUIRY removable
143 (RMB) bit. USB thumbdrives usually set removable=on, while USB hard
144 disks set removable=off.
146 Bug: usb-storage pretends to be a block device, but it's really a SCSI
147 controller that can serve only a single device, which it creates
148 automatically. The automatic creation guesses what kind of guest part
149 to create from the host part, like -drive if=scsi. Host and guest
150 part are not cleanly separated.
152 === Character Devices ===
154 A QEMU character device has a host and a guest part.
156 The old ways to define character devices define host and guest part
159 The new way keeps the parts separate: you create the host part with
160 -chardev, and the guest device with -device.
162 The various old ways to define a character device are all of the
165 -FOO FOO-OPTS...,LEGACY-CHARDEV
167 where FOO-OPTS... is specific to -FOO, and the host part
168 LEGACY-CHARDEV is the same everywhere.
170 In the new way, this becomes
172 -chardev HOST-OPTS...,id=CHR-ID
173 -device DEVNAME,chardev=CHR-ID,DEV-OPTS...
175 The appropriate DEVNAME depends on the machine type. For type "pc":
177 * -serial becomes -device isa-serial,iobase=IOADDR,irq=IRQ,index=IDX
179 This lets you control I/O ports and IRQs.
181 * -parallel becomes -device isa-parallel,iobase=IOADDR,irq=IRQ,index=IDX
183 This lets you control I/O ports and IRQs.
185 * -usbdevice serial:vendorid=VID,productid=PRID becomes
186 -device usb-serial,vendorid=VID,productid=PRID
188 * -usbdevice braille doesn't support LEGACY-CHARDEV syntax. It always
189 uses "braille". With -device, this useful default is gone, so you
190 have to use something like
192 -device usb-braille,chardev=braille,vendorid=VID,productid=PRID
193 -chardev braille,id=braille
195 * -virtioconsole becomes
196 -device virtio-serial-pci,class=C,vectors=V,ioeventfd=IOEVENTFD,max_ports=N
197 -device virtconsole,is_console=NUM,nr=NR,name=NAME
199 LEGACY-CHARDEV translates to -chardev HOST-OPTS... as follows:
201 * null becomes -chardev null
203 * pty, msmouse, braille, stdio likewise
205 * vc:WIDTHxHEIGHT becomes -chardev vc,width=WIDTH,height=HEIGHT
207 * vc:<COLS>Cx<ROWS>C becomes -chardev vc,cols=<COLS>,rows=<ROWS>
209 * con: becomes -chardev console
211 * COM<NUM> becomes -chardev serial,path=COM<NUM>
213 * file:FNAME becomes -chardev file,path=FNAME
215 * pipe:FNAME becomes -chardev pipe,path=FNAME
217 * tcp:HOST:PORT,OPTS... becomes -chardev socket,host=HOST,port=PORT,OPTS...
219 * telnet:HOST:PORT,OPTS... becomes
220 -chardev socket,host=HOST,port=PORT,OPTS...,telnet=on
222 * udp:HOST:PORT@LOCALADDR:LOCALPORT becomes
223 -chardev udp,host=HOST,port=PORT,localaddr=LOCALADDR,localport=LOCALPORT
225 * unix:FNAME becomes -chardev socket,path=FNAME
227 * /dev/parportN becomes -chardev parport,file=/dev/parportN
231 * Any other /dev/FNAME becomes -chardev tty,path=/dev/FNAME
233 * mon:LEGACY-CHARDEV is special: it multiplexes the monitor onto the
234 character device defined by LEGACY-CHARDEV. -chardev provides more
235 general multiplexing instead: you can connect up to four users to a
236 single host part. You need to pass mux=on to -chardev to enable
237 switching the input focus.
239 QEMU uses LEGACY-CHARDEV syntax not just to set up guest devices, but
240 also in various other places such as -monitor or -net
241 user,guestfwd=... You can use chardev:CHR-ID in place of
242 LEGACY-CHARDEV to refer to a host part defined with -chardev.
244 === Network Devices ===
246 Host and guest part of network devices have always been separate.
248 The old way to define the guest part looks like this:
250 -net nic,netdev=NET-ID,macaddr=MACADDR,model=MODEL,name=ID,addr=STR,vectors=V
252 Except for USB it looks like this:
254 -usbdevice net:netdev=NET-ID,macaddr=MACADDR,name=ID
256 The new way is -device:
258 -device DEVNAME,netdev=NET-ID,mac=MACADDR,DEV-OPTS...
260 DEVNAME equals MODEL, except for virtio you have to name the virtio
261 device appropriate for the bus (virtio-net-pci for PCI), and for USB
262 you have to use usb-net.
264 The old name=ID parameter becomes the usual id=ID with -device.
266 For PCI devices, you can add bus=PCI-BUS,addr=DEVFN to control the PCI
267 device address, as usual. The old -net nic provides parameter addr
268 for that, which is silently ignored when the NIC is not a PCI device.
270 For virtio-net-pci, you can control whether or not ioeventfd is used for
271 virtqueue notify by setting ioeventfd= to on or off (default).
273 -net nic accepts vectors=V for all models, but it's silently ignored
274 except for virtio-net-pci (model=virtio). With -device, only devices
275 that support it accept it.
277 Not all devices are available with -device at this time. All PCI
278 devices and ne2k_isa are.
280 Some PCI devices aren't available with -net nic, e.g. i82558a.
282 To connect to a VLAN instead of an ordinary host part, replace
283 netdev=NET-ID by vlan=VLAN.
285 === Graphics Devices ===
287 Host and guest part of graphics devices have always been separate.
289 The old way to define the guest graphics device is -vga VGA. Not all
290 machines support all -vga options.
292 The new way is -device. The mapping from -vga argument to -device
293 depends on the machine type. For machine "pc", it's:
296 cirrus -device cirrus-vga
297 vmware -device vmware-svga
300 disables more than just VGA, see "Default Devices"
302 As for all PCI devices, you can add bus=PCI-BUS,addr=DEVFN to control
303 the PCI device address.
305 -device VGA supports properties bios-offset and bios-size, but they
306 aren't used with machine type "pc".
308 For machine "isapc", it's
311 cirrus not yet available with -device
313 disables more than just VGA, see "Default Devices"
315 Bug: the new way doesn't work for machine types "pc" and "isapc",
316 because it violates obscure device initialization ordering
319 === Audio Devices ===
321 Host and guest part of audio devices have always been separate.
323 The old way to define guest audio devices is -soundhw C1,...
325 The new way is to define each guest audio device separately with
328 Map from -soundhw sound card name to -device:
331 cs4231a -device cs4231a,iobase=IOADDR,irq=IRQ,dma=DMA
332 es1370 -device ES1370
333 gus -device gus,iobase=IOADDR,irq=IRQ,dma=DMA,freq=F
334 hda -device intel-hda,msi=MSI -device hda-duplex
335 sb16 -device sb16,iobase=IOADDR,irq=IRQ,dma=DMA,dma16=DMA16,version=V
336 adlib not yet available with -device
337 pcspk not yet available with -device
339 For PCI devices, you can add bus=PCI-BUS,addr=DEVFN to control the PCI
340 device address, as usual.
344 The old way to define a virtual USB device is -usbdevice DRIVER:OPTS...
346 The new way is -device DEVNAME,DEV-OPTS... Details depend on DRIVER:
348 * ccid -device usb-ccid
349 * keyboard -device usb-kbd
350 * mouse -device usb-mouse
351 * tablet -device usb-tablet
352 * wacom-tablet -device usb-wacom-tablet
353 * host:... See "Host Device Assignment"
354 * disk:... See "Block Devices"
355 * serial:... See "Character Devices"
356 * braille See "Character Devices"
357 * net:... See "Network Devices"
358 * bt:... not yet available with -device
360 === Watchdog Devices ===
362 Host and guest part of watchdog devices have always been separate.
364 The old way to define a guest watchdog device is -watchdog DEVNAME.
365 The new way is -device DEVNAME. For PCI devices, you can add
366 bus=PCI-BUS,addr=DEVFN to control the PCI device address, as usual.
368 === Host Device Assignment ===
370 QEMU supports assigning host PCI devices (qemu-kvm only at this time)
371 and host USB devices.
373 The old way to assign a host PCI device is
375 -pcidevice host=ADDR,dma=none,id=ID
379 -device pci-assign,host=ADDR,iommu=IOMMU,id=ID
381 The old dma=none becomes iommu=off with -device.
383 The old way to assign a host USB device is
385 -usbdevice host:auto:BUS.ADDR:VID:PRID
387 where any of BUS, ADDR, VID, PRID can be the wildcard *.
391 -device usb-host,hostbus=BUS,hostaddr=ADDR,vendorid=VID,productid=PRID
393 Omitted options match anything, just like the old way's wildcard.
395 === Default Devices ===
397 QEMU creates a number of devices by default, depending on the machine
400 -device DEVNAME... and global DEVNAME... suppress default devices for
403 default device suppressing DEVNAMEs
404 CD-ROM ide-cd, ide-drive, scsi-cd
405 isa-fdc's driveA isa-fdc
406 parallel isa-parallel
408 VGA VGA, cirrus-vga, vmware-svga
409 virtioconsole virtio-serial-pci, virtio-serial-s390, virtio-serial
411 The default NIC is connected to a default part created along with it.
412 It is *not* suppressed by configuring a NIC with -device (you may call
413 that a bug). -net and -netdev suppress the default NIC.
415 -nodefaults suppresses all the default devices mentioned above, plus a
416 few other things such as default SD-Card drive and default monitor.