2 * QEMU PC System Emulator
4 * Copyright (c) 2003-2004 Fabrice Bellard
6 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
13 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
16 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
26 /* output Bochs bios info messages */
29 #define BIOS_FILENAME "bios.bin"
30 #define VGABIOS_FILENAME "vgabios.bin"
31 #define VGABIOS_CIRRUS_FILENAME "vgabios-cirrus.bin"
32 #define LINUX_BOOT_FILENAME "linux_boot.bin"
34 #define KERNEL_LOAD_ADDR 0x00100000
35 #define INITRD_LOAD_ADDR 0x00400000
36 #define KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR 0x00090000
37 #define KERNEL_CMDLINE_ADDR 0x00099000
40 int dummy_refresh_clock
;
41 static fdctrl_t
*floppy_controller
;
42 static RTCState
*rtc_state
;
45 static void ioport80_write(void *opaque
, uint32_t addr
, uint32_t data
)
49 /* MSDOS compatibility mode FPU exception support */
50 /* XXX: add IGNNE support */
51 void cpu_set_ferr(CPUX86State
*s
)
56 static void ioportF0_write(void *opaque
, uint32_t addr
, uint32_t data
)
63 uint64_t cpu_get_tsc(CPUX86State
*env
)
65 return qemu_get_clock(vm_clock
);
68 /* PC cmos mappings */
70 #define REG_EQUIPMENT_BYTE 0x14
71 #define REG_IBM_CENTURY_BYTE 0x32
72 #define REG_IBM_PS2_CENTURY_BYTE 0x37
75 static inline int to_bcd(RTCState
*s
, int a
)
77 return ((a
/ 10) << 4) | (a
% 10);
80 static int cmos_get_fd_drive_type(int fd0
)
86 /* 1.44 Mb 3"5 drive */
90 /* 2.88 Mb 3"5 drive */
94 /* 1.2 Mb 5"5 drive */
104 static void cmos_init_hd(int type_ofs
, int info_ofs
, BlockDriverState
*hd
)
106 RTCState
*s
= rtc_state
;
107 int cylinders
, heads
, sectors
;
108 bdrv_get_geometry_hint(hd
, &cylinders
, &heads
, §ors
);
109 rtc_set_memory(s
, type_ofs
, 47);
110 rtc_set_memory(s
, info_ofs
, cylinders
);
111 rtc_set_memory(s
, info_ofs
+ 1, cylinders
>> 8);
112 rtc_set_memory(s
, info_ofs
+ 2, heads
);
113 rtc_set_memory(s
, info_ofs
+ 3, 0xff);
114 rtc_set_memory(s
, info_ofs
+ 4, 0xff);
115 rtc_set_memory(s
, info_ofs
+ 5, 0xc0 | ((heads
> 8) << 3));
116 rtc_set_memory(s
, info_ofs
+ 6, cylinders
);
117 rtc_set_memory(s
, info_ofs
+ 7, cylinders
>> 8);
118 rtc_set_memory(s
, info_ofs
+ 8, sectors
);
121 /* hd_table must contain 4 block drivers */
122 static void cmos_init(int ram_size
, int boot_device
, BlockDriverState
**hd_table
)
124 RTCState
*s
= rtc_state
;
131 /* set the CMOS date */
139 val
= to_bcd(s
, (tm
->tm_year
/ 100) + 19);
140 rtc_set_memory(s
, REG_IBM_CENTURY_BYTE
, val
);
141 rtc_set_memory(s
, REG_IBM_PS2_CENTURY_BYTE
, val
);
143 /* various important CMOS locations needed by PC/Bochs bios */
146 val
= 640; /* base memory in K */
147 rtc_set_memory(s
, 0x15, val
);
148 rtc_set_memory(s
, 0x16, val
>> 8);
150 val
= (ram_size
/ 1024) - 1024;
153 rtc_set_memory(s
, 0x17, val
);
154 rtc_set_memory(s
, 0x18, val
>> 8);
155 rtc_set_memory(s
, 0x30, val
);
156 rtc_set_memory(s
, 0x31, val
>> 8);
158 if (ram_size
> (16 * 1024 * 1024))
159 val
= (ram_size
/ 65536) - ((16 * 1024 * 1024) / 65536);
164 rtc_set_memory(s
, 0x34, val
);
165 rtc_set_memory(s
, 0x35, val
>> 8);
167 switch(boot_device
) {
170 rtc_set_memory(s
, 0x3d, 0x01); /* floppy boot */
174 rtc_set_memory(s
, 0x3d, 0x02); /* hard drive boot */
177 rtc_set_memory(s
, 0x3d, 0x03); /* CD-ROM boot */
183 fd0
= fdctrl_get_drive_type(floppy_controller
, 0);
184 fd1
= fdctrl_get_drive_type(floppy_controller
, 1);
186 val
= (cmos_get_fd_drive_type(fd0
) << 4) | cmos_get_fd_drive_type(fd1
);
187 rtc_set_memory(s
, 0x10, val
);
199 val
|= 0x01; /* 1 drive, ready for boot */
202 val
|= 0x41; /* 2 drives, ready for boot */
205 val
|= 0x02; /* FPU is there */
206 val
|= 0x04; /* PS/2 mouse installed */
207 rtc_set_memory(s
, REG_EQUIPMENT_BYTE
, val
);
211 rtc_set_memory(s
, 0x12, (hd_table
[0] ? 0xf0 : 0) | (hd_table
[1] ? 0x0f : 0));
213 cmos_init_hd(0x19, 0x1b, hd_table
[0]);
215 cmos_init_hd(0x1a, 0x24, hd_table
[1]);
218 for (i
= 0; i
< 4; i
++) {
220 int cylinders
, heads
, sectors
, translation
;
221 /* NOTE: bdrv_get_geometry_hint() returns the physical
222 geometry. It is always such that: 1 <= sects <= 63, 1
223 <= heads <= 16, 1 <= cylinders <= 16383. The BIOS
224 geometry can be different if a translation is done. */
225 translation
= bdrv_get_translation_hint(hd_table
[i
]);
226 if (translation
== BIOS_ATA_TRANSLATION_AUTO
) {
227 bdrv_get_geometry_hint(hd_table
[i
], &cylinders
, &heads
, §ors
);
228 if (cylinders
<= 1024 && heads
<= 16 && sectors
<= 63) {
229 /* No translation. */
232 /* LBA translation. */
238 val
|= translation
<< (i
* 2);
241 rtc_set_memory(s
, 0x39, val
);
243 /* Disable check of 0x55AA signature on the last two bytes of
244 first sector of disk. XXX: make it the default ? */
245 // rtc_set_memory(s, 0x38, 1);
248 static void speaker_ioport_write(void *opaque
, uint32_t addr
, uint32_t val
)
250 speaker_data_on
= (val
>> 1) & 1;
251 pit_set_gate(pit
, 2, val
& 1);
254 static uint32_t speaker_ioport_read(void *opaque
, uint32_t addr
)
257 out
= pit_get_out(pit
, 2, qemu_get_clock(vm_clock
));
258 dummy_refresh_clock
^= 1;
259 return (speaker_data_on
<< 1) | pit_get_gate(pit
, 2) | (out
<< 5) |
260 (dummy_refresh_clock
<< 4);
263 static void ioport92_write(void *opaque
, uint32_t addr
, uint32_t val
)
265 cpu_x86_set_a20(cpu_single_env
, (val
>> 1) & 1);
266 /* XXX: bit 0 is fast reset */
269 static uint32_t ioport92_read(void *opaque
, uint32_t addr
)
271 return ((cpu_single_env
->a20_mask
>> 20) & 1) << 1;
274 /***********************************************************/
275 /* Bochs BIOS debug ports */
277 void bochs_bios_write(void *opaque
, uint32_t addr
, uint32_t val
)
279 static const char shutdown_str
[8] = "Shutdown";
280 static int shutdown_index
= 0;
283 /* Bochs BIOS messages */
286 fprintf(stderr
, "BIOS panic at rombios.c, line %d\n", val
);
291 fprintf(stderr
, "%c", val
);
295 /* same as Bochs power off */
296 if (val
== shutdown_str
[shutdown_index
]) {
298 if (shutdown_index
== 8) {
300 qemu_system_shutdown_request();
307 /* LGPL'ed VGA BIOS messages */
310 fprintf(stderr
, "VGA BIOS panic, line %d\n", val
);
315 fprintf(stderr
, "%c", val
);
321 void bochs_bios_init(void)
323 register_ioport_write(0x400, 1, 2, bochs_bios_write
, NULL
);
324 register_ioport_write(0x401, 1, 2, bochs_bios_write
, NULL
);
325 register_ioport_write(0x402, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write
, NULL
);
326 register_ioport_write(0x403, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write
, NULL
);
327 register_ioport_write(0x8900, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write
, NULL
);
329 register_ioport_write(0x501, 1, 2, bochs_bios_write
, NULL
);
330 register_ioport_write(0x502, 1, 2, bochs_bios_write
, NULL
);
331 register_ioport_write(0x500, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write
, NULL
);
332 register_ioport_write(0x503, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write
, NULL
);
336 int load_kernel(const char *filename
, uint8_t *addr
,
342 fd
= open(filename
, O_RDONLY
| O_BINARY
);
346 /* load 16 bit code */
347 if (read(fd
, real_addr
, 512) != 512)
349 setup_sects
= real_addr
[0x1F1];
352 if (read(fd
, real_addr
+ 512, setup_sects
* 512) !=
356 /* load 32 bit code */
357 size
= read(fd
, addr
, 16 * 1024 * 1024);
367 static const int ide_iobase
[2] = { 0x1f0, 0x170 };
368 static const int ide_iobase2
[2] = { 0x3f6, 0x376 };
369 static const int ide_irq
[2] = { 14, 15 };
371 #define NE2000_NB_MAX 6
373 static int ne2000_io
[NE2000_NB_MAX
] = { 0x300, 0x320, 0x340, 0x360, 0x280, 0x380 };
374 static int ne2000_irq
[NE2000_NB_MAX
] = { 9, 10, 11, 3, 4, 5 };
376 static int serial_io
[MAX_SERIAL_PORTS
] = { 0x3f8, 0x2f8, 0x3e8, 0x2e8 };
377 static int serial_irq
[MAX_SERIAL_PORTS
] = { 4, 3, 4, 3 };
379 static int parallel_io
[MAX_PARALLEL_PORTS
] = { 0x378, 0x278, 0x3bc };
380 static int parallel_irq
[MAX_PARALLEL_PORTS
] = { 7, 7, 7 };
382 /* PC hardware initialisation */
383 void pc_init(int ram_size
, int vga_ram_size
, int boot_device
,
384 DisplayState
*ds
, const char **fd_filename
, int snapshot
,
385 const char *kernel_filename
, const char *kernel_cmdline
,
386 const char *initrd_filename
)
389 int ret
, linux_boot
, initrd_size
, i
, nb_nics1
;
390 unsigned long bios_offset
, vga_bios_offset
;
391 int bios_size
, isa_bios_size
;
394 linux_boot
= (kernel_filename
!= NULL
);
397 cpu_register_physical_memory(0, ram_size
, 0);
400 bios_offset
= ram_size
+ vga_ram_size
;
401 vga_bios_offset
= bios_offset
+ 256 * 1024;
403 snprintf(buf
, sizeof(buf
), "%s/%s", bios_dir
, BIOS_FILENAME
);
404 bios_size
= get_image_size(buf
);
405 if (bios_size
<= 0 ||
406 (bios_size
% 65536) != 0 ||
407 bios_size
> (256 * 1024)) {
410 ret
= load_image(buf
, phys_ram_base
+ bios_offset
);
411 if (ret
!= bios_size
) {
413 fprintf(stderr
, "qemu: could not load PC bios '%s'\n", buf
);
418 if (cirrus_vga_enabled
) {
419 snprintf(buf
, sizeof(buf
), "%s/%s", bios_dir
, VGABIOS_CIRRUS_FILENAME
);
421 snprintf(buf
, sizeof(buf
), "%s/%s", bios_dir
, VGABIOS_FILENAME
);
423 ret
= load_image(buf
, phys_ram_base
+ vga_bios_offset
);
425 /* setup basic memory access */
426 cpu_register_physical_memory(0xc0000, 0x10000,
427 vga_bios_offset
| IO_MEM_ROM
);
429 /* map the last 128KB of the BIOS in ISA space */
430 isa_bios_size
= bios_size
;
431 if (isa_bios_size
> (128 * 1024))
432 isa_bios_size
= 128 * 1024;
433 cpu_register_physical_memory(0xd0000, (192 * 1024) - isa_bios_size
,
435 cpu_register_physical_memory(0x100000 - isa_bios_size
,
437 (bios_offset
+ bios_size
- isa_bios_size
) | IO_MEM_ROM
);
438 /* map all the bios at the top of memory */
439 cpu_register_physical_memory((uint32_t)(-bios_size
),
440 bios_size
, bios_offset
| IO_MEM_ROM
);
445 uint8_t bootsect
[512];
446 uint8_t old_bootsect
[512];
448 if (bs_table
[0] == NULL
) {
449 fprintf(stderr
, "A disk image must be given for 'hda' when booting a Linux kernel\n");
452 snprintf(buf
, sizeof(buf
), "%s/%s", bios_dir
, LINUX_BOOT_FILENAME
);
453 ret
= load_image(buf
, bootsect
);
454 if (ret
!= sizeof(bootsect
)) {
455 fprintf(stderr
, "qemu: could not load linux boot sector '%s'\n",
460 if (bdrv_read(bs_table
[0], 0, old_bootsect
, 1) >= 0) {
461 /* copy the MSDOS partition table */
462 memcpy(bootsect
+ 0x1be, old_bootsect
+ 0x1be, 0x40);
465 bdrv_set_boot_sector(bs_table
[0], bootsect
, sizeof(bootsect
));
467 /* now we can load the kernel */
468 ret
= load_kernel(kernel_filename
,
469 phys_ram_base
+ KERNEL_LOAD_ADDR
,
470 phys_ram_base
+ KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR
);
472 fprintf(stderr
, "qemu: could not load kernel '%s'\n",
479 if (initrd_filename
) {
480 initrd_size
= load_image(initrd_filename
, phys_ram_base
+ INITRD_LOAD_ADDR
);
481 if (initrd_size
< 0) {
482 fprintf(stderr
, "qemu: could not load initial ram disk '%s'\n",
487 if (initrd_size
> 0) {
488 stl_raw(phys_ram_base
+ KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR
+ 0x218, INITRD_LOAD_ADDR
);
489 stl_raw(phys_ram_base
+ KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR
+ 0x21c, initrd_size
);
491 pstrcpy(phys_ram_base
+ KERNEL_CMDLINE_ADDR
, 4096,
493 stw_raw(phys_ram_base
+ KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR
+ 0x20, 0xA33F);
494 stw_raw(phys_ram_base
+ KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR
+ 0x22,
495 KERNEL_CMDLINE_ADDR
- KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR
);
497 stw_raw(phys_ram_base
+ KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR
+ 0x210, 0x01);
501 pci_bus
= i440fx_init();
507 /* init basic PC hardware */
508 register_ioport_write(0x80, 1, 1, ioport80_write
, NULL
);
510 register_ioport_write(0xf0, 1, 1, ioportF0_write
, NULL
);
512 if (cirrus_vga_enabled
) {
514 pci_cirrus_vga_init(pci_bus
,
515 ds
, phys_ram_base
+ ram_size
, ram_size
,
518 isa_cirrus_vga_init(ds
, phys_ram_base
+ ram_size
, ram_size
,
522 vga_initialize(pci_bus
, ds
, phys_ram_base
+ ram_size
, ram_size
,
526 rtc_state
= rtc_init(0x70, 8);
527 register_ioport_read(0x61, 1, 1, speaker_ioport_read
, NULL
);
528 register_ioport_write(0x61, 1, 1, speaker_ioport_write
, NULL
);
530 register_ioport_read(0x92, 1, 1, ioport92_read
, NULL
);
531 register_ioport_write(0x92, 1, 1, ioport92_write
, NULL
);
534 apic_init(cpu_single_env
);
536 pit
= pit_init(0x40, 0);
538 for(i
= 0; i
< MAX_SERIAL_PORTS
; i
++) {
540 serial_init(serial_io
[i
], serial_irq
[i
], serial_hds
[i
]);
544 for(i
= 0; i
< MAX_PARALLEL_PORTS
; i
++) {
545 if (parallel_hds
[i
]) {
546 parallel_init(parallel_io
[i
], parallel_irq
[i
], parallel_hds
[i
]);
551 for(i
= 0; i
< nb_nics
; i
++) {
552 pci_ne2000_init(pci_bus
, &nd_table
[i
]);
554 pci_piix3_ide_init(pci_bus
, bs_table
);
557 if (nb_nics1
> NE2000_NB_MAX
)
558 nb_nics1
= NE2000_NB_MAX
;
559 for(i
= 0; i
< nb_nics1
; i
++) {
560 isa_ne2000_init(ne2000_io
[i
], ne2000_irq
[i
], &nd_table
[i
]);
563 for(i
= 0; i
< 2; i
++) {
564 isa_ide_init(ide_iobase
[i
], ide_iobase2
[i
], ide_irq
[i
],
565 bs_table
[2 * i
], bs_table
[2 * i
+ 1]);
588 floppy_controller
= fdctrl_init(6, 2, 0, 0x3f0, fd_table
);
590 cmos_init(ram_size
, boot_device
, bs_table
);
592 /* must be done after all PCI devices are instanciated */
593 /* XXX: should be done in the Bochs BIOS */