2 * QEMU PC System Emulator
4 * Copyright (c) 2003-2004 Fabrice Bellard
6 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
13 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
16 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
26 /* output Bochs bios info messages */
29 #define BIOS_FILENAME "bios.bin"
30 #define VGABIOS_FILENAME "vgabios.bin"
31 #define VGABIOS_CIRRUS_FILENAME "vgabios-cirrus.bin"
32 #define LINUX_BOOT_FILENAME "linux_boot.bin"
34 #define KERNEL_LOAD_ADDR 0x00100000
35 #define INITRD_LOAD_ADDR 0x00400000
36 #define KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR 0x00090000
37 #define KERNEL_CMDLINE_ADDR 0x00099000
40 int dummy_refresh_clock
;
41 static fdctrl_t
*floppy_controller
;
42 static RTCState
*rtc_state
;
44 static IOAPICState
*ioapic
;
46 static void ioport80_write(void *opaque
, uint32_t addr
, uint32_t data
)
50 /* MSDOS compatibility mode FPU exception support */
51 /* XXX: add IGNNE support */
52 void cpu_set_ferr(CPUX86State
*s
)
57 static void ioportF0_write(void *opaque
, uint32_t addr
, uint32_t data
)
64 uint64_t cpu_get_tsc(CPUX86State
*env
)
66 return qemu_get_clock(vm_clock
);
70 int cpu_get_pic_interrupt(CPUState
*env
)
74 intno
= apic_get_interrupt(env
);
76 /* set irq request if a PIC irq is still pending */
77 /* XXX: improve that */
78 pic_update_irq(isa_pic
);
81 /* read the irq from the PIC */
82 intno
= pic_read_irq(isa_pic
);
86 static void pic_irq_request(void *opaque
, int level
)
89 cpu_interrupt(cpu_single_env
, CPU_INTERRUPT_HARD
);
91 cpu_reset_interrupt(cpu_single_env
, CPU_INTERRUPT_HARD
);
94 /* PC cmos mappings */
96 #define REG_EQUIPMENT_BYTE 0x14
97 #define REG_IBM_CENTURY_BYTE 0x32
98 #define REG_IBM_PS2_CENTURY_BYTE 0x37
101 static inline int to_bcd(RTCState
*s
, int a
)
103 return ((a
/ 10) << 4) | (a
% 10);
106 static int cmos_get_fd_drive_type(int fd0
)
112 /* 1.44 Mb 3"5 drive */
116 /* 2.88 Mb 3"5 drive */
120 /* 1.2 Mb 5"5 drive */
130 static void cmos_init_hd(int type_ofs
, int info_ofs
, BlockDriverState
*hd
)
132 RTCState
*s
= rtc_state
;
133 int cylinders
, heads
, sectors
;
134 bdrv_get_geometry_hint(hd
, &cylinders
, &heads
, §ors
);
135 rtc_set_memory(s
, type_ofs
, 47);
136 rtc_set_memory(s
, info_ofs
, cylinders
);
137 rtc_set_memory(s
, info_ofs
+ 1, cylinders
>> 8);
138 rtc_set_memory(s
, info_ofs
+ 2, heads
);
139 rtc_set_memory(s
, info_ofs
+ 3, 0xff);
140 rtc_set_memory(s
, info_ofs
+ 4, 0xff);
141 rtc_set_memory(s
, info_ofs
+ 5, 0xc0 | ((heads
> 8) << 3));
142 rtc_set_memory(s
, info_ofs
+ 6, cylinders
);
143 rtc_set_memory(s
, info_ofs
+ 7, cylinders
>> 8);
144 rtc_set_memory(s
, info_ofs
+ 8, sectors
);
147 /* hd_table must contain 4 block drivers */
148 static void cmos_init(int ram_size
, int boot_device
, BlockDriverState
**hd_table
)
150 RTCState
*s
= rtc_state
;
157 /* set the CMOS date */
165 val
= to_bcd(s
, (tm
->tm_year
/ 100) + 19);
166 rtc_set_memory(s
, REG_IBM_CENTURY_BYTE
, val
);
167 rtc_set_memory(s
, REG_IBM_PS2_CENTURY_BYTE
, val
);
169 /* various important CMOS locations needed by PC/Bochs bios */
172 val
= 640; /* base memory in K */
173 rtc_set_memory(s
, 0x15, val
);
174 rtc_set_memory(s
, 0x16, val
>> 8);
176 val
= (ram_size
/ 1024) - 1024;
179 rtc_set_memory(s
, 0x17, val
);
180 rtc_set_memory(s
, 0x18, val
>> 8);
181 rtc_set_memory(s
, 0x30, val
);
182 rtc_set_memory(s
, 0x31, val
>> 8);
184 if (ram_size
> (16 * 1024 * 1024))
185 val
= (ram_size
/ 65536) - ((16 * 1024 * 1024) / 65536);
190 rtc_set_memory(s
, 0x34, val
);
191 rtc_set_memory(s
, 0x35, val
>> 8);
193 switch(boot_device
) {
196 rtc_set_memory(s
, 0x3d, 0x01); /* floppy boot */
200 rtc_set_memory(s
, 0x3d, 0x02); /* hard drive boot */
203 rtc_set_memory(s
, 0x3d, 0x03); /* CD-ROM boot */
209 fd0
= fdctrl_get_drive_type(floppy_controller
, 0);
210 fd1
= fdctrl_get_drive_type(floppy_controller
, 1);
212 val
= (cmos_get_fd_drive_type(fd0
) << 4) | cmos_get_fd_drive_type(fd1
);
213 rtc_set_memory(s
, 0x10, val
);
225 val
|= 0x01; /* 1 drive, ready for boot */
228 val
|= 0x41; /* 2 drives, ready for boot */
231 val
|= 0x02; /* FPU is there */
232 val
|= 0x04; /* PS/2 mouse installed */
233 rtc_set_memory(s
, REG_EQUIPMENT_BYTE
, val
);
237 rtc_set_memory(s
, 0x12, (hd_table
[0] ? 0xf0 : 0) | (hd_table
[1] ? 0x0f : 0));
239 cmos_init_hd(0x19, 0x1b, hd_table
[0]);
241 cmos_init_hd(0x1a, 0x24, hd_table
[1]);
244 for (i
= 0; i
< 4; i
++) {
246 int cylinders
, heads
, sectors
, translation
;
247 /* NOTE: bdrv_get_geometry_hint() returns the physical
248 geometry. It is always such that: 1 <= sects <= 63, 1
249 <= heads <= 16, 1 <= cylinders <= 16383. The BIOS
250 geometry can be different if a translation is done. */
251 translation
= bdrv_get_translation_hint(hd_table
[i
]);
252 if (translation
== BIOS_ATA_TRANSLATION_AUTO
) {
253 bdrv_get_geometry_hint(hd_table
[i
], &cylinders
, &heads
, §ors
);
254 if (cylinders
<= 1024 && heads
<= 16 && sectors
<= 63) {
255 /* No translation. */
258 /* LBA translation. */
264 val
|= translation
<< (i
* 2);
267 rtc_set_memory(s
, 0x39, val
);
269 /* Disable check of 0x55AA signature on the last two bytes of
270 first sector of disk. XXX: make it the default ? */
271 // rtc_set_memory(s, 0x38, 1);
274 static void speaker_ioport_write(void *opaque
, uint32_t addr
, uint32_t val
)
276 speaker_data_on
= (val
>> 1) & 1;
277 pit_set_gate(pit
, 2, val
& 1);
280 static uint32_t speaker_ioport_read(void *opaque
, uint32_t addr
)
283 out
= pit_get_out(pit
, 2, qemu_get_clock(vm_clock
));
284 dummy_refresh_clock
^= 1;
285 return (speaker_data_on
<< 1) | pit_get_gate(pit
, 2) | (out
<< 5) |
286 (dummy_refresh_clock
<< 4);
289 static void ioport92_write(void *opaque
, uint32_t addr
, uint32_t val
)
291 cpu_x86_set_a20(cpu_single_env
, (val
>> 1) & 1);
292 /* XXX: bit 0 is fast reset */
295 static uint32_t ioport92_read(void *opaque
, uint32_t addr
)
297 return ((cpu_single_env
->a20_mask
>> 20) & 1) << 1;
300 /***********************************************************/
301 /* Bochs BIOS debug ports */
303 void bochs_bios_write(void *opaque
, uint32_t addr
, uint32_t val
)
305 static const char shutdown_str
[8] = "Shutdown";
306 static int shutdown_index
= 0;
309 /* Bochs BIOS messages */
312 fprintf(stderr
, "BIOS panic at rombios.c, line %d\n", val
);
317 fprintf(stderr
, "%c", val
);
321 /* same as Bochs power off */
322 if (val
== shutdown_str
[shutdown_index
]) {
324 if (shutdown_index
== 8) {
326 qemu_system_shutdown_request();
333 /* LGPL'ed VGA BIOS messages */
336 fprintf(stderr
, "VGA BIOS panic, line %d\n", val
);
341 fprintf(stderr
, "%c", val
);
347 void bochs_bios_init(void)
349 register_ioport_write(0x400, 1, 2, bochs_bios_write
, NULL
);
350 register_ioport_write(0x401, 1, 2, bochs_bios_write
, NULL
);
351 register_ioport_write(0x402, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write
, NULL
);
352 register_ioport_write(0x403, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write
, NULL
);
353 register_ioport_write(0x8900, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write
, NULL
);
355 register_ioport_write(0x501, 1, 2, bochs_bios_write
, NULL
);
356 register_ioport_write(0x502, 1, 2, bochs_bios_write
, NULL
);
357 register_ioport_write(0x500, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write
, NULL
);
358 register_ioport_write(0x503, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write
, NULL
);
362 int load_kernel(const char *filename
, uint8_t *addr
,
368 fd
= open(filename
, O_RDONLY
| O_BINARY
);
372 /* load 16 bit code */
373 if (read(fd
, real_addr
, 512) != 512)
375 setup_sects
= real_addr
[0x1F1];
378 if (read(fd
, real_addr
+ 512, setup_sects
* 512) !=
382 /* load 32 bit code */
383 size
= read(fd
, addr
, 16 * 1024 * 1024);
393 static const int ide_iobase
[2] = { 0x1f0, 0x170 };
394 static const int ide_iobase2
[2] = { 0x3f6, 0x376 };
395 static const int ide_irq
[2] = { 14, 15 };
397 #define NE2000_NB_MAX 6
399 static int ne2000_io
[NE2000_NB_MAX
] = { 0x300, 0x320, 0x340, 0x360, 0x280, 0x380 };
400 static int ne2000_irq
[NE2000_NB_MAX
] = { 9, 10, 11, 3, 4, 5 };
402 static int serial_io
[MAX_SERIAL_PORTS
] = { 0x3f8, 0x2f8, 0x3e8, 0x2e8 };
403 static int serial_irq
[MAX_SERIAL_PORTS
] = { 4, 3, 4, 3 };
405 static int parallel_io
[MAX_PARALLEL_PORTS
] = { 0x378, 0x278, 0x3bc };
406 static int parallel_irq
[MAX_PARALLEL_PORTS
] = { 7, 7, 7 };
408 /* PC hardware initialisation */
409 static void pc_init1(int ram_size
, int vga_ram_size
, int boot_device
,
410 DisplayState
*ds
, const char **fd_filename
, int snapshot
,
411 const char *kernel_filename
, const char *kernel_cmdline
,
412 const char *initrd_filename
)
415 int ret
, linux_boot
, initrd_size
, i
, nb_nics1
;
416 unsigned long bios_offset
, vga_bios_offset
;
417 int bios_size
, isa_bios_size
;
420 linux_boot
= (kernel_filename
!= NULL
);
423 cpu_register_physical_memory(0, ram_size
, 0);
426 bios_offset
= ram_size
+ vga_ram_size
;
427 vga_bios_offset
= bios_offset
+ 256 * 1024;
429 snprintf(buf
, sizeof(buf
), "%s/%s", bios_dir
, BIOS_FILENAME
);
430 bios_size
= get_image_size(buf
);
431 if (bios_size
<= 0 ||
432 (bios_size
% 65536) != 0 ||
433 bios_size
> (256 * 1024)) {
436 ret
= load_image(buf
, phys_ram_base
+ bios_offset
);
437 if (ret
!= bios_size
) {
439 fprintf(stderr
, "qemu: could not load PC bios '%s'\n", buf
);
444 if (cirrus_vga_enabled
) {
445 snprintf(buf
, sizeof(buf
), "%s/%s", bios_dir
, VGABIOS_CIRRUS_FILENAME
);
447 snprintf(buf
, sizeof(buf
), "%s/%s", bios_dir
, VGABIOS_FILENAME
);
449 ret
= load_image(buf
, phys_ram_base
+ vga_bios_offset
);
451 /* setup basic memory access */
452 cpu_register_physical_memory(0xc0000, 0x10000,
453 vga_bios_offset
| IO_MEM_ROM
);
455 /* map the last 128KB of the BIOS in ISA space */
456 isa_bios_size
= bios_size
;
457 if (isa_bios_size
> (128 * 1024))
458 isa_bios_size
= 128 * 1024;
459 cpu_register_physical_memory(0xd0000, (192 * 1024) - isa_bios_size
,
461 cpu_register_physical_memory(0x100000 - isa_bios_size
,
463 (bios_offset
+ bios_size
- isa_bios_size
) | IO_MEM_ROM
);
464 /* map all the bios at the top of memory */
465 cpu_register_physical_memory((uint32_t)(-bios_size
),
466 bios_size
, bios_offset
| IO_MEM_ROM
);
471 uint8_t bootsect
[512];
472 uint8_t old_bootsect
[512];
474 if (bs_table
[0] == NULL
) {
475 fprintf(stderr
, "A disk image must be given for 'hda' when booting a Linux kernel\n");
478 snprintf(buf
, sizeof(buf
), "%s/%s", bios_dir
, LINUX_BOOT_FILENAME
);
479 ret
= load_image(buf
, bootsect
);
480 if (ret
!= sizeof(bootsect
)) {
481 fprintf(stderr
, "qemu: could not load linux boot sector '%s'\n",
486 if (bdrv_read(bs_table
[0], 0, old_bootsect
, 1) >= 0) {
487 /* copy the MSDOS partition table */
488 memcpy(bootsect
+ 0x1be, old_bootsect
+ 0x1be, 0x40);
491 bdrv_set_boot_sector(bs_table
[0], bootsect
, sizeof(bootsect
));
493 /* now we can load the kernel */
494 ret
= load_kernel(kernel_filename
,
495 phys_ram_base
+ KERNEL_LOAD_ADDR
,
496 phys_ram_base
+ KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR
);
498 fprintf(stderr
, "qemu: could not load kernel '%s'\n",
505 if (initrd_filename
) {
506 initrd_size
= load_image(initrd_filename
, phys_ram_base
+ INITRD_LOAD_ADDR
);
507 if (initrd_size
< 0) {
508 fprintf(stderr
, "qemu: could not load initial ram disk '%s'\n",
513 if (initrd_size
> 0) {
514 stl_raw(phys_ram_base
+ KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR
+ 0x218, INITRD_LOAD_ADDR
);
515 stl_raw(phys_ram_base
+ KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR
+ 0x21c, initrd_size
);
517 pstrcpy(phys_ram_base
+ KERNEL_CMDLINE_ADDR
, 4096,
519 stw_raw(phys_ram_base
+ KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR
+ 0x20, 0xA33F);
520 stw_raw(phys_ram_base
+ KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR
+ 0x22,
521 KERNEL_CMDLINE_ADDR
- KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR
);
523 stw_raw(phys_ram_base
+ KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR
+ 0x210, 0x01);
527 pci_bus
= i440fx_init();
533 /* init basic PC hardware */
534 register_ioport_write(0x80, 1, 1, ioport80_write
, NULL
);
536 register_ioport_write(0xf0, 1, 1, ioportF0_write
, NULL
);
538 if (cirrus_vga_enabled
) {
540 pci_cirrus_vga_init(pci_bus
,
541 ds
, phys_ram_base
+ ram_size
, ram_size
,
544 isa_cirrus_vga_init(ds
, phys_ram_base
+ ram_size
, ram_size
,
548 vga_initialize(pci_bus
, ds
, phys_ram_base
+ ram_size
, ram_size
,
552 rtc_state
= rtc_init(0x70, 8);
553 register_ioport_read(0x61, 1, 1, speaker_ioport_read
, NULL
);
554 register_ioport_write(0x61, 1, 1, speaker_ioport_write
, NULL
);
556 register_ioport_read(0x92, 1, 1, ioport92_read
, NULL
);
557 register_ioport_write(0x92, 1, 1, ioport92_write
, NULL
);
560 apic_init(cpu_single_env
);
561 ioapic
= ioapic_init();
563 isa_pic
= pic_init(pic_irq_request
, cpu_single_env
);
564 pit
= pit_init(0x40, 0);
566 pic_set_alt_irq_func(isa_pic
, ioapic_set_irq
, ioapic
);
569 for(i
= 0; i
< MAX_SERIAL_PORTS
; i
++) {
571 serial_init(serial_io
[i
], serial_irq
[i
], serial_hds
[i
]);
575 for(i
= 0; i
< MAX_PARALLEL_PORTS
; i
++) {
576 if (parallel_hds
[i
]) {
577 parallel_init(parallel_io
[i
], parallel_irq
[i
], parallel_hds
[i
]);
582 for(i
= 0; i
< nb_nics
; i
++) {
583 pci_ne2000_init(pci_bus
, &nd_table
[i
]);
585 pci_piix3_ide_init(pci_bus
, bs_table
);
588 if (nb_nics1
> NE2000_NB_MAX
)
589 nb_nics1
= NE2000_NB_MAX
;
590 for(i
= 0; i
< nb_nics1
; i
++) {
591 isa_ne2000_init(ne2000_io
[i
], ne2000_irq
[i
], &nd_table
[i
]);
594 for(i
= 0; i
< 2; i
++) {
595 isa_ide_init(ide_iobase
[i
], ide_iobase2
[i
], ide_irq
[i
],
596 bs_table
[2 * i
], bs_table
[2 * i
+ 1]);
619 floppy_controller
= fdctrl_init(6, 2, 0, 0x3f0, fd_table
);
621 cmos_init(ram_size
, boot_device
, bs_table
);
623 /* must be done after all PCI devices are instanciated */
624 /* XXX: should be done in the Bochs BIOS */
630 QEMUMachine pc_machine
= {