1 QEMU<->ACPI BIOS NVDIMM interface
2 ---------------------------------
4 QEMU supports NVDIMM via ACPI. This document describes the basic concepts of
5 NVDIMM ACPI and the interface between QEMU and the ACPI BIOS.
9 NVDIMM is introduced in ACPI 6.0 which defines an NVDIMM root device under
10 _SB scope with a _HID of “ACPI0012”. For each NVDIMM present or intended
11 to be supported by platform, platform firmware also exposes an ACPI
12 Namespace Device under the root device.
14 The NVDIMM child devices under the NVDIMM root device are defined with _ADR
15 corresponding to the NFIT device handle. The NVDIMM root device and the
16 NVDIMM devices can have device specific methods (_DSM) to provide additional
17 functions specific to a particular NVDIMM implementation.
19 This is an example from ACPI 6.0, a platform contains one NVDIMM:
22 Device (NVDR) // Root device
24 Name (_HID, “ACPI0012”)
27 Method (_DSM, ...) {...}
30 Name(_ADR, h) //where h is NFIT Device Handle for this NVDIMM
31 Method (_DSM, ...) {...}
36 Method supported on both NVDIMM root device and NVDIMM device
37 _DSM (Device Specific Method)
38 It is a control method that enables devices to provide device specific
39 control functions that are consumed by the device driver.
40 The NVDIMM DSM specification can be found at:
41 http://pmem.io/documents/NVDIMM_DSM_Interface_Example.pdf
44 Arg0 – A Buffer containing a UUID (16 Bytes)
45 Arg1 – An Integer containing the Revision ID (4 Bytes)
46 Arg2 – An Integer containing the Function Index (4 Bytes)
47 Arg3 – A package containing parameters for the function specified by the
48 UUID, Revision ID, and Function Index
51 If Function Index = 0, a Buffer containing a function index bitfield.
52 Otherwise, the return value and type depends on the UUID, revision ID
53 and function index which are described in the DSM specification.
55 Methods on NVDIMM ROOT Device
56 _FIT(Firmware Interface Table)
57 It evaluates to a buffer returning data in the format of a series of NFIT
63 A Buffer containing a list of NFIT Type structure entries.
65 The detailed definition of the structure can be found at ACPI 6.0: 5.2.25
66 NVDIMM Firmware Interface Table (NFIT).
68 QEMU NVDIMM Implementation
69 ==========================
70 QEMU uses 4 bytes IO Port starting from 0x0a18 and a RAM-based memory page
74 QEMU uses BIOS Linker/loader feature to ask BIOS to allocate a memory
75 page and dynamically patch its into a int32 object named "MEMA" in ACPI.
77 This page is RAM-based and it is used to transfer data between _DSM
78 method and QEMU. If ACPI has control, this pages is owned by ACPI which
79 writes _DSM input data to it, otherwise, it is owned by QEMU which
80 emulates _DSM access and writes the output data to it.
82 ACPI writes _DSM Input Data (based on the offset in the page):
83 [0x0 - 0x3]: 4 bytes, NVDIMM Device Handle.
85 The handle is completely QEMU internal thing, the values in
86 range [1, 0xFFFF] indicate nvdimm device. Other values are
87 reserved for other purposes.
90 0 is reserved for nvdimm root device named NVDR.
91 0x10000 is reserved for QEMU internal DSM function called on
94 [0x4 - 0x7]: 4 bytes, Revision ID, that is the Arg1 of _DSM method.
95 [0x8 - 0xB]: 4 bytes. Function Index, that is the Arg2 of _DSM method.
96 [0xC - 0xFFF]: 4084 bytes, the Arg3 of _DSM method.
98 QEMU Writes Output Data (based on the offset in the page):
99 [0x0 - 0x3]: 4 bytes, the length of result
100 [0x4 - 0xFFF]: 4092 bytes, the DSM result filled by QEMU
102 IO Port 0x0a18 - 0xa1b:
103 ACPI writes the address of the memory page allocated by BIOS to this
104 port then QEMU gets the control and fills the result in the memory page.
107 [0x0a18 - 0xa1b]: 4 bytes, the address of the memory page allocated
110 _DSM process diagram:
111 ---------------------
112 "MEMA" indicates the address of memory page allocated by BIOS.
114 +----------------------+ +-----------------------+
115 | 1. OSPM | | 2. OSPM |
116 | save _DSM input data | | write "MEMA" to | Exit to QEMU
117 | to the page +----->| IO port 0x0a18 +------------+
118 | indicated by "MEMA" | | | |
119 +----------------------+ +-----------------------+ |
122 +------------- ----+ +-----------+ +------------------+--------+
123 | 5 QEMU | | 4 QEMU | | 3. QEMU |
124 | write _DSM result | | emulate | | get _DSM input data from |
125 | to the page +<------+ _DSM +<-----+ the page indicated by the |
126 | | | | | value from the IO port |
127 +--------+-----------+ +-----------+ +---------------------------+
132 +--------------------------+ +--------------+
133 | 6 OSPM | | 7 OSPM |
134 | result size is returned | | _DSM return |
135 | by reading DSM +----->+ |
136 | result from the page | | |
137 +--------------------------+ +--------------+
141 ACPI BIOS GPE.4 handler is dedicated for notifying OS about nvdimm device
144 QEMU internal use only _DSM function
145 ------------------------------------
147 _FIT method uses _DSM method to fetch NFIT structures blob from QEMU
148 in 1 page sized increments which are then concatenated and returned
149 as _FIT method result.
152 Arg0 – UUID {set to 648B9CF2-CDA1-4312-8AD9-49C4AF32BD62}
153 Arg1 – Revision ID (set to 1)
154 Arg2 - Function Index, 0x1
155 Arg3 - A package containing a buffer whose layout is as follows:
157 +----------+--------+--------+-------------------------------------------+
158 | Field | Length | Offset | Description |
159 +----------+--------+--------+-------------------------------------------+
160 | offset | 4 | 0 | offset in QEMU's NFIT structures blob to |
162 +----------+--------+--------+-------------------------------------------+
164 Output layout in the dsm memory page:
165 +----------+--------+--------+-------------------------------------------+
166 | Field | Length | Offset | Description |
167 +----------+--------+--------+-------------------------------------------+
168 | length | 4 | 0 | length of entire returned data |
169 | | | | (including this header) |
170 +----------+-----------------+-------------------------------------------+
171 | | | | return status codes |
172 | | | | 0x0 - success |
173 | | | | 0x100 - error caused by NFIT update while |
174 | status | 4 | 4 | read by _FIT wasn't completed, other |
175 | | | | codes follow Chapter 3 in DSM Spec Rev1 |
176 +----------+-----------------+-------------------------------------------+
177 | fit data | Varies | 8 | contains FIT data, this field is present |
178 | | | | if status field is 0; |
179 +----------+--------+--------+-------------------------------------------+
181 The FIT offset is maintained by the OSPM itself, current offset plus
182 the size of the fit data returned by the function is the next offset
183 OSPM should read. When all FIT data has been read out, zero fit data
186 If it returns status code 0x100, OSPM should restart to read FIT (read
187 from offset 0 again).