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target-ppc: Fix htab_mask calculation
[qemu/kevin.git] / qemu-img.c
blob886db881b352aa03914b3124cc01423b1b82fbed
1 /*
2 * QEMU disk image utility
3 *
4 * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
5 *
6 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
12 *
13 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
15 *
16 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
22 * THE SOFTWARE.
23 */
24 #include "qapi-visit.h"
25 #include "qapi/qmp-output-visitor.h"
26 #include "qapi/qmp/qjson.h"
27 #include "qemu-common.h"
28 #include "qemu/option.h"
29 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
30 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
31 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
32 #include "block/block_int.h"
33 #include "block/qapi.h"
34 #include <getopt.h>
35
36 typedef struct img_cmd_t {
37 const char *name;
38 int (*handler)(int argc, char **argv);
39 } img_cmd_t;
40
41 enum {
42 OPTION_OUTPUT = 256,
43 OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN = 257,
44 };
45
46 typedef enum OutputFormat {
47 OFORMAT_JSON,
48 OFORMAT_HUMAN,
49 } OutputFormat;
50
51 /* Default to cache=writeback as data integrity is not important for qemu-tcg. */
52 #define BDRV_O_FLAGS BDRV_O_CACHE_WB
53 #define BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE "writeback"
54
55 static void format_print(void *opaque, const char *name)
56 {
57 printf(" %s", name);
58 }
59
60 /* Please keep in synch with qemu-img.texi */
61 static void help(void)
62 {
63 const char *help_msg =
64 "qemu-img version " QEMU_VERSION ", Copyright (c) 2004-2008 Fabrice Bellard\n"
65 "usage: qemu-img command [command options]\n"
66 "QEMU disk image utility\n"
67 "\n"
68 "Command syntax:\n"
69 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
70 " " arg_string "\n"
71 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
72 #undef DEF
73 #undef GEN_DOCS
74 "\n"
75 "Command parameters:\n"
76 " 'filename' is a disk image filename\n"
77 " 'fmt' is the disk image format. It is guessed automatically in most cases\n"
78 " 'cache' is the cache mode used to write the output disk image, the valid\n"
79 " options are: 'none', 'writeback' (default, except for convert), 'writethrough',\n"
80 " 'directsync' and 'unsafe' (default for convert)\n"
81 " 'size' is the disk image size in bytes. Optional suffixes\n"
82 " 'k' or 'K' (kilobyte, 1024), 'M' (megabyte, 1024k), 'G' (gigabyte, 1024M),\n"
83 " 'T' (terabyte, 1024G), 'P' (petabyte, 1024T) and 'E' (exabyte, 1024P) are\n"
84 " supported. 'b' is ignored.\n"
85 " 'output_filename' is the destination disk image filename\n"
86 " 'output_fmt' is the destination format\n"
87 " 'options' is a comma separated list of format specific options in a\n"
88 " name=value format. Use -o ? for an overview of the options supported by the\n"
89 " used format\n"
90 " 'snapshot_param' is param used for internal snapshot, format\n"
91 " is 'snapshot.id=[ID],snapshot.name=[NAME]', or\n"
92 " '[ID_OR_NAME]'\n"
93 " 'snapshot_id_or_name' is deprecated, use 'snapshot_param'\n"
94 " instead\n"
95 " '-c' indicates that target image must be compressed (qcow format only)\n"
96 " '-u' enables unsafe rebasing. It is assumed that old and new backing file\n"
97 " match exactly. The image doesn't need a working backing file before\n"
98 " rebasing in this case (useful for renaming the backing file)\n"
99 " '-h' with or without a command shows this help and lists the supported formats\n"
100 " '-p' show progress of command (only certain commands)\n"
101 " '-q' use Quiet mode - do not print any output (except errors)\n"
102 " '-S' indicates the consecutive number of bytes (defaults to 4k) that must\n"
103 " contain only zeros for qemu-img to create a sparse image during\n"
104 " conversion. If the number of bytes is 0, the source will not be scanned for\n"
105 " unallocated or zero sectors, and the destination image will always be\n"
106 " fully allocated\n"
107 " '--output' takes the format in which the output must be done (human or json)\n"
108 " '-n' skips the target volume creation (useful if the volume is created\n"
109 " prior to running qemu-img)\n"
110 "\n"
111 "Parameters to check subcommand:\n"
112 " '-r' tries to repair any inconsistencies that are found during the check.\n"
113 " '-r leaks' repairs only cluster leaks, whereas '-r all' fixes all\n"
114 " kinds of errors, with a higher risk of choosing the wrong fix or\n"
115 " hiding corruption that has already occurred.\n"
116 "\n"
117 "Parameters to snapshot subcommand:\n"
118 " 'snapshot' is the name of the snapshot to create, apply or delete\n"
119 " '-a' applies a snapshot (revert disk to saved state)\n"
120 " '-c' creates a snapshot\n"
121 " '-d' deletes a snapshot\n"
122 " '-l' lists all snapshots in the given image\n"
123 "\n"
124 "Parameters to compare subcommand:\n"
125 " '-f' first image format\n"
126 " '-F' second image format\n"
127 " '-s' run in Strict mode - fail on different image size or sector allocation\n";
128
129 printf("%s\nSupported formats:", help_msg);
130 bdrv_iterate_format(format_print, NULL);
131 printf("\n");
132 exit(1);
133 }
134
135 static int GCC_FMT_ATTR(2, 3) qprintf(bool quiet, const char *fmt, ...)
136 {
137 int ret = 0;
138 if (!quiet) {
139 va_list args;
140 va_start(args, fmt);
141 ret = vprintf(fmt, args);
142 va_end(args);
143 }
144 return ret;
145 }
146
147 #if defined(WIN32)
148 /* XXX: put correct support for win32 */
149 static int read_password(char *buf, int buf_size)
150 {
151 int c, i;
152 printf("Password: ");
153 fflush(stdout);
154 i = 0;
155 for(;;) {
156 c = getchar();
157 if (c == '\n')
158 break;
159 if (i < (buf_size - 1))
160 buf[i++] = c;
161 }
162 buf[i] = '\0';
163 return 0;
164 }
165
166 #else
167
168 #include <termios.h>
169
170 static struct termios oldtty;
171
172 static void term_exit(void)
173 {
174 tcsetattr (0, TCSANOW, &oldtty);
175 }
176
177 static void term_init(void)
178 {
179 struct termios tty;
180
181 tcgetattr (0, &tty);
182 oldtty = tty;
183
184 tty.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK|BRKINT|PARMRK|ISTRIP
185 |INLCR|IGNCR|ICRNL|IXON);
186 tty.c_oflag |= OPOST;
187 tty.c_lflag &= ~(ECHO|ECHONL|ICANON|IEXTEN);
188 tty.c_cflag &= ~(CSIZE|PARENB);
189 tty.c_cflag |= CS8;
190 tty.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
191 tty.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
192
193 tcsetattr (0, TCSANOW, &tty);
194
195 atexit(term_exit);
196 }
197
198 static int read_password(char *buf, int buf_size)
199 {
200 uint8_t ch;
201 int i, ret;
202
203 printf("password: ");
204 fflush(stdout);
205 term_init();
206 i = 0;
207 for(;;) {
208 ret = read(0, &ch, 1);
209 if (ret == -1) {
210 if (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EINTR) {
211 continue;
212 } else {
213 ret = -1;
214 break;
215 }
216 } else if (ret == 0) {
217 ret = -1;
218 break;
219 } else {
220 if (ch == '\r') {
221 ret = 0;
222 break;
223 }
224 if (i < (buf_size - 1))
225 buf[i++] = ch;
226 }
227 }
228 term_exit();
229 buf[i] = '\0';
230 printf("\n");
231 return ret;
232 }
233 #endif
234
235 static int print_block_option_help(const char *filename, const char *fmt)
236 {
237 BlockDriver *drv, *proto_drv;
238 QEMUOptionParameter *create_options = NULL;
239
240 /* Find driver and parse its options */
241 drv = bdrv_find_format(fmt);
242 if (!drv) {
243 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt);
244 return 1;
245 }
246
247 create_options = append_option_parameters(create_options,
248 drv->create_options);
249
250 if (filename) {
251 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(filename, true);
252 if (!proto_drv) {
253 error_report("Unknown protocol '%s'", filename);
254 return 1;
255 }
256 create_options = append_option_parameters(create_options,
257 proto_drv->create_options);
258 }
259
260 print_option_help(create_options);
261 free_option_parameters(create_options);
262 return 0;
263 }
264
265 static BlockDriverState *bdrv_new_open(const char *filename,
266 const char *fmt,
267 int flags,
268 bool require_io,
269 bool quiet)
270 {
271 BlockDriverState *bs;
272 BlockDriver *drv;
273 char password[256];
274 Error *local_err = NULL;
275 int ret;
276
277 bs = bdrv_new("image");
278
279 if (fmt) {
280 drv = bdrv_find_format(fmt);
281 if (!drv) {
282 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt);
283 goto fail;
284 }
285 } else {
286 drv = NULL;
287 }
288
289 ret = bdrv_open(&bs, filename, NULL, NULL, flags, drv, &local_err);
290 if (ret < 0) {
291 error_report("Could not open '%s': %s", filename,
292 error_get_pretty(local_err));
293 error_free(local_err);
294 goto fail;
295 }
296
297 if (bdrv_is_encrypted(bs) && require_io) {
298 qprintf(quiet, "Disk image '%s' is encrypted.\n", filename);
299 if (read_password(password, sizeof(password)) < 0) {
300 error_report("No password given");
301 goto fail;
302 }
303 if (bdrv_set_key(bs, password) < 0) {
304 error_report("invalid password");
305 goto fail;
306 }
307 }
308 return bs;
309 fail:
310 bdrv_unref(bs);
311 return NULL;
312 }
313
314 static int add_old_style_options(const char *fmt, QEMUOptionParameter *list,
315 const char *base_filename,
316 const char *base_fmt)
317 {
318 if (base_filename) {
319 if (set_option_parameter(list, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE, base_filename)) {
320 error_report("Backing file not supported for file format '%s'",
321 fmt);
322 return -1;
323 }
324 }
325 if (base_fmt) {
326 if (set_option_parameter(list, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FMT, base_fmt)) {
327 error_report("Backing file format not supported for file "
328 "format '%s'", fmt);
329 return -1;
330 }
331 }
332 return 0;
333 }
334
335 static int img_create(int argc, char **argv)
336 {
337 int c;
338 uint64_t img_size = -1;
339 const char *fmt = "raw";
340 const char *base_fmt = NULL;
341 const char *filename;
342 const char *base_filename = NULL;
343 char *options = NULL;
344 Error *local_err = NULL;
345 bool quiet = false;
346
347 for(;;) {
348 c = getopt(argc, argv, "F:b:f:he6o:q");
349 if (c == -1) {
350 break;
351 }
352 switch(c) {
353 case '?':
354 case 'h':
355 help();
356 break;
357 case 'F':
358 base_fmt = optarg;
359 break;
360 case 'b':
361 base_filename = optarg;
362 break;
363 case 'f':
364 fmt = optarg;
365 break;
366 case 'e':
367 error_report("option -e is deprecated, please use \'-o "
368 "encryption\' instead!");
369 goto fail;
370 case '6':
371 error_report("option -6 is deprecated, please use \'-o "
372 "compat6\' instead!");
373 goto fail;
374 case 'o':
375 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
376 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
377 goto fail;
378 }
379 if (!options) {
380 options = g_strdup(optarg);
381 } else {
382 char *old_options = options;
383 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
384 g_free(old_options);
385 }
386 break;
387 case 'q':
388 quiet = true;
389 break;
390 }
391 }
392
393 /* Get the filename */
394 filename = (optind < argc) ? argv[optind] : NULL;
395 if (options && has_help_option(options)) {
396 g_free(options);
397 return print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
398 }
399
400 if (optind >= argc) {
401 help();
402 }
403 optind++;
404
405 /* Get image size, if specified */
406 if (optind < argc) {
407 int64_t sval;
408 char *end;
409 sval = strtosz_suffix(argv[optind++], &end, STRTOSZ_DEFSUFFIX_B);
410 if (sval < 0 || *end) {
411 if (sval == -ERANGE) {
412 error_report("Image size must be less than 8 EiB!");
413 } else {
414 error_report("Invalid image size specified! You may use k, M, "
415 "G, T, P or E suffixes for ");
416 error_report("kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, "
417 "petabytes and exabytes.");
418 }
419 goto fail;
420 }
421 img_size = (uint64_t)sval;
422 }
423 if (optind != argc) {
424 help();
425 }
426
427 bdrv_img_create(filename, fmt, base_filename, base_fmt,
428 options, img_size, BDRV_O_FLAGS, &local_err, quiet);
429 if (local_err) {
430 error_report("%s: %s", filename, error_get_pretty(local_err));
431 error_free(local_err);
432 goto fail;
433 }
434
435 g_free(options);
436 return 0;
437
438 fail:
439 g_free(options);
440 return 1;
441 }
442
443 static void dump_json_image_check(ImageCheck *check, bool quiet)
444 {
445 Error *errp = NULL;
446 QString *str;
447 QmpOutputVisitor *ov = qmp_output_visitor_new();
448 QObject *obj;
449 visit_type_ImageCheck(qmp_output_get_visitor(ov),
450 &check, NULL, &errp);
451 obj = qmp_output_get_qobject(ov);
452 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
453 assert(str != NULL);
454 qprintf(quiet, "%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
455 qobject_decref(obj);
456 qmp_output_visitor_cleanup(ov);
457 QDECREF(str);
458 }
459
460 static void dump_human_image_check(ImageCheck *check, bool quiet)
461 {
462 if (!(check->corruptions || check->leaks || check->check_errors)) {
463 qprintf(quiet, "No errors were found on the image.\n");
464 } else {
465 if (check->corruptions) {
466 qprintf(quiet, "\n%" PRId64 " errors were found on the image.\n"
467 "Data may be corrupted, or further writes to the image "
468 "may corrupt it.\n",
469 check->corruptions);
470 }
471
472 if (check->leaks) {
473 qprintf(quiet,
474 "\n%" PRId64 " leaked clusters were found on the image.\n"
475 "This means waste of disk space, but no harm to data.\n",
476 check->leaks);
477 }
478
479 if (check->check_errors) {
480 qprintf(quiet,
481 "\n%" PRId64
482 " internal errors have occurred during the check.\n",
483 check->check_errors);
484 }
485 }
486
487 if (check->total_clusters != 0 && check->allocated_clusters != 0) {
488 qprintf(quiet, "%" PRId64 "/%" PRId64 " = %0.2f%% allocated, "
489 "%0.2f%% fragmented, %0.2f%% compressed clusters\n",
490 check->allocated_clusters, check->total_clusters,
491 check->allocated_clusters * 100.0 / check->total_clusters,
492 check->fragmented_clusters * 100.0 / check->allocated_clusters,
493 check->compressed_clusters * 100.0 /
494 check->allocated_clusters);
495 }
496
497 if (check->image_end_offset) {
498 qprintf(quiet,
499 "Image end offset: %" PRId64 "\n", check->image_end_offset);
500 }
501 }
502
503 static int collect_image_check(BlockDriverState *bs,
504 ImageCheck *check,
505 const char *filename,
506 const char *fmt,
507 int fix)
508 {
509 int ret;
510 BdrvCheckResult result;
511
512 ret = bdrv_check(bs, &result, fix);
513 if (ret < 0) {
514 return ret;
515 }
516
517 check->filename = g_strdup(filename);
518 check->format = g_strdup(bdrv_get_format_name(bs));
519 check->check_errors = result.check_errors;
520 check->corruptions = result.corruptions;
521 check->has_corruptions = result.corruptions != 0;
522 check->leaks = result.leaks;
523 check->has_leaks = result.leaks != 0;
524 check->corruptions_fixed = result.corruptions_fixed;
525 check->has_corruptions_fixed = result.corruptions != 0;
526 check->leaks_fixed = result.leaks_fixed;
527 check->has_leaks_fixed = result.leaks != 0;
528 check->image_end_offset = result.image_end_offset;
529 check->has_image_end_offset = result.image_end_offset != 0;
530 check->total_clusters = result.bfi.total_clusters;
531 check->has_total_clusters = result.bfi.total_clusters != 0;
532 check->allocated_clusters = result.bfi.allocated_clusters;
533 check->has_allocated_clusters = result.bfi.allocated_clusters != 0;
534 check->fragmented_clusters = result.bfi.fragmented_clusters;
535 check->has_fragmented_clusters = result.bfi.fragmented_clusters != 0;
536 check->compressed_clusters = result.bfi.compressed_clusters;
537 check->has_compressed_clusters = result.bfi.compressed_clusters != 0;
538
539 return 0;
540 }
541
542 /*
543 * Checks an image for consistency. Exit codes:
544 *
545 * 0 - Check completed, image is good
546 * 1 - Check not completed because of internal errors
547 * 2 - Check completed, image is corrupted
548 * 3 - Check completed, image has leaked clusters, but is good otherwise
549 */
550 static int img_check(int argc, char **argv)
551 {
552 int c, ret;
553 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
554 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
555 BlockDriverState *bs;
556 int fix = 0;
557 int flags = BDRV_O_FLAGS | BDRV_O_CHECK;
558 ImageCheck *check;
559 bool quiet = false;
560
561 fmt = NULL;
562 output = NULL;
563 for(;;) {
564 int option_index = 0;
565 static const struct option long_options[] = {
566 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
567 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
568 {"repair", no_argument, 0, 'r'},
569 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
570 {0, 0, 0, 0}
571 };
572 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "f:hr:q",
573 long_options, &option_index);
574 if (c == -1) {
575 break;
576 }
577 switch(c) {
578 case '?':
579 case 'h':
580 help();
581 break;
582 case 'f':
583 fmt = optarg;
584 break;
585 case 'r':
586 flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
587
588 if (!strcmp(optarg, "leaks")) {
589 fix = BDRV_FIX_LEAKS;
590 } else if (!strcmp(optarg, "all")) {
591 fix = BDRV_FIX_LEAKS | BDRV_FIX_ERRORS;
592 } else {
593 help();
594 }
595 break;
596 case OPTION_OUTPUT:
597 output = optarg;
598 break;
599 case 'q':
600 quiet = true;
601 break;
602 }
603 }
604 if (optind != argc - 1) {
605 help();
606 }
607 filename = argv[optind++];
608
609 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
610 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
611 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
612 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
613 } else if (output) {
614 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
615 return 1;
616 }
617
618 bs = bdrv_new_open(filename, fmt, flags, true, quiet);
619 if (!bs) {
620 return 1;
621 }
622
623 check = g_new0(ImageCheck, 1);
624 ret = collect_image_check(bs, check, filename, fmt, fix);
625
626 if (ret == -ENOTSUP) {
627 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
628 error_report("This image format does not support checks");
629 }
630 ret = 63;
631 goto fail;
632 }
633
634 if (check->corruptions_fixed || check->leaks_fixed) {
635 int corruptions_fixed, leaks_fixed;
636
637 leaks_fixed = check->leaks_fixed;
638 corruptions_fixed = check->corruptions_fixed;
639
640 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
641 qprintf(quiet,
642 "The following inconsistencies were found and repaired:\n\n"
643 " %" PRId64 " leaked clusters\n"
644 " %" PRId64 " corruptions\n\n"
645 "Double checking the fixed image now...\n",
646 check->leaks_fixed,
647 check->corruptions_fixed);
648 }
649
650 ret = collect_image_check(bs, check, filename, fmt, 0);
651
652 check->leaks_fixed = leaks_fixed;
653 check->corruptions_fixed = corruptions_fixed;
654 }
655
656 switch (output_format) {
657 case OFORMAT_HUMAN:
658 dump_human_image_check(check, quiet);
659 break;
660 case OFORMAT_JSON:
661 dump_json_image_check(check, quiet);
662 break;
663 }
664
665 if (ret || check->check_errors) {
666 ret = 1;
667 goto fail;
668 }
669
670 if (check->corruptions) {
671 ret = 2;
672 } else if (check->leaks) {
673 ret = 3;
674 } else {
675 ret = 0;
676 }
677
678 fail:
679 qapi_free_ImageCheck(check);
680 bdrv_unref(bs);
681
682 return ret;
683 }
684
685 static int img_commit(int argc, char **argv)
686 {
687 int c, ret, flags;
688 const char *filename, *fmt, *cache;
689 BlockDriverState *bs;
690 bool quiet = false;
691
692 fmt = NULL;
693 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
694 for(;;) {
695 c = getopt(argc, argv, "f:ht:q");
696 if (c == -1) {
697 break;
698 }
699 switch(c) {
700 case '?':
701 case 'h':
702 help();
703 break;
704 case 'f':
705 fmt = optarg;
706 break;
707 case 't':
708 cache = optarg;
709 break;
710 case 'q':
711 quiet = true;
712 break;
713 }
714 }
715 if (optind != argc - 1) {
716 help();
717 }
718 filename = argv[optind++];
719
720 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR;
721 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_flags(cache, &flags);
722 if (ret < 0) {
723 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
724 return -1;
725 }
726
727 bs = bdrv_new_open(filename, fmt, flags, true, quiet);
728 if (!bs) {
729 return 1;
730 }
731 ret = bdrv_commit(bs);
732 switch(ret) {
733 case 0:
734 qprintf(quiet, "Image committed.\n");
735 break;
736 case -ENOENT:
737 error_report("No disk inserted");
738 break;
739 case -EACCES:
740 error_report("Image is read-only");
741 break;
742 case -ENOTSUP:
743 error_report("Image is already committed");
744 break;
745 default:
746 error_report("Error while committing image");
747 break;
748 }
749
750 bdrv_unref(bs);
751 if (ret) {
752 return 1;
753 }
754 return 0;
755 }
756
757 /*
758 * Returns true iff the first sector pointed to by 'buf' contains at least
759 * a non-NUL byte.
760 *
761 * 'pnum' is set to the number of sectors (including and immediately following
762 * the first one) that are known to be in the same allocated/unallocated state.
763 */
764 static int is_allocated_sectors(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum)
765 {
766 bool is_zero;
767 int i;
768
769 if (n <= 0) {
770 *pnum = 0;
771 return 0;
772 }
773 is_zero = buffer_is_zero(buf, 512);
774 for(i = 1; i < n; i++) {
775 buf += 512;
776 if (is_zero != buffer_is_zero(buf, 512)) {
777 break;
778 }
779 }
780 *pnum = i;
781 return !is_zero;
782 }
783
784 /*
785 * Like is_allocated_sectors, but if the buffer starts with a used sector,
786 * up to 'min' consecutive sectors containing zeros are ignored. This avoids
787 * breaking up write requests for only small sparse areas.
788 */
789 static int is_allocated_sectors_min(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum,
790 int min)
791 {
792 int ret;
793 int num_checked, num_used;
794
795 if (n < min) {
796 min = n;
797 }
798
799 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buf, n, pnum);
800 if (!ret) {
801 return ret;
802 }
803
804 num_used = *pnum;
805 buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * *pnum;
806 n -= *pnum;
807 num_checked = num_used;
808
809 while (n > 0) {
810 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buf, n, pnum);
811
812 buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * *pnum;
813 n -= *pnum;
814 num_checked += *pnum;
815 if (ret) {
816 num_used = num_checked;
817 } else if (*pnum >= min) {
818 break;
819 }
820 }
821
822 *pnum = num_used;
823 return 1;
824 }
825
826 /*
827 * Compares two buffers sector by sector. Returns 0 if the first sector of both
828 * buffers matches, non-zero otherwise.
829 *
830 * pnum is set to the number of sectors (including and immediately following
831 * the first one) that are known to have the same comparison result
832 */
833 static int compare_sectors(const uint8_t *buf1, const uint8_t *buf2, int n,
834 int *pnum)
835 {
836 int res, i;
837
838 if (n <= 0) {
839 *pnum = 0;
840 return 0;
841 }
842
843 res = !!memcmp(buf1, buf2, 512);
844 for(i = 1; i < n; i++) {
845 buf1 += 512;
846 buf2 += 512;
847
848 if (!!memcmp(buf1, buf2, 512) != res) {
849 break;
850 }
851 }
852
853 *pnum = i;
854 return res;
855 }
856
857 #define IO_BUF_SIZE (2 * 1024 * 1024)
858
859 static int64_t sectors_to_bytes(int64_t sectors)
860 {
861 return sectors << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
862 }
863
864 static int64_t sectors_to_process(int64_t total, int64_t from)
865 {
866 return MIN(total - from, IO_BUF_SIZE >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
867 }
868
869 /*
870 * Check if passed sectors are empty (not allocated or contain only 0 bytes)
871 *
872 * Returns 0 in case sectors are filled with 0, 1 if sectors contain non-zero
873 * data and negative value on error.
874 *
875 * @param bs: Driver used for accessing file
876 * @param sect_num: Number of first sector to check
877 * @param sect_count: Number of sectors to check
878 * @param filename: Name of disk file we are checking (logging purpose)
879 * @param buffer: Allocated buffer for storing read data
880 * @param quiet: Flag for quiet mode
881 */
882 static int check_empty_sectors(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sect_num,
883 int sect_count, const char *filename,
884 uint8_t *buffer, bool quiet)
885 {
886 int pnum, ret = 0;
887 ret = bdrv_read(bs, sect_num, buffer, sect_count);
888 if (ret < 0) {
889 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64 " of %s: %s",
890 sectors_to_bytes(sect_num), filename, strerror(-ret));
891 return ret;
892 }
893 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buffer, sect_count, &pnum);
894 if (ret || pnum != sect_count) {
895 qprintf(quiet, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64 "!\n",
896 sectors_to_bytes(ret ? sect_num : sect_num + pnum));
897 return 1;
898 }
899
900 return 0;
901 }
902
903 /*
904 * Compares two images. Exit codes:
905 *
906 * 0 - Images are identical
907 * 1 - Images differ
908 * >1 - Error occurred
909 */
910 static int img_compare(int argc, char **argv)
911 {
912 const char *fmt1 = NULL, *fmt2 = NULL, *filename1, *filename2;
913 BlockDriverState *bs1, *bs2;
914 int64_t total_sectors1, total_sectors2;
915 uint8_t *buf1 = NULL, *buf2 = NULL;
916 int pnum1, pnum2;
917 int allocated1, allocated2;
918 int ret = 0; /* return value - 0 Ident, 1 Different, >1 Error */
919 bool progress = false, quiet = false, strict = false;
920 int64_t total_sectors;
921 int64_t sector_num = 0;
922 int64_t nb_sectors;
923 int c, pnum;
924 uint64_t bs_sectors;
925 uint64_t progress_base;
926
927 for (;;) {
928 c = getopt(argc, argv, "hpf:F:sq");
929 if (c == -1) {
930 break;
931 }
932 switch (c) {
933 case '?':
934 case 'h':
935 help();
936 break;
937 case 'f':
938 fmt1 = optarg;
939 break;
940 case 'F':
941 fmt2 = optarg;
942 break;
943 case 'p':
944 progress = true;
945 break;
946 case 'q':
947 quiet = true;
948 break;
949 case 's':
950 strict = true;
951 break;
952 }
953 }
954
955 /* Progress is not shown in Quiet mode */
956 if (quiet) {
957 progress = false;
958 }
959
960
961 if (optind != argc - 2) {
962 help();
963 }
964 filename1 = argv[optind++];
965 filename2 = argv[optind++];
966
967 /* Initialize before goto out */
968 qemu_progress_init(progress, 2.0);
969
970 bs1 = bdrv_new_open(filename1, fmt1, BDRV_O_FLAGS, true, quiet);
971 if (!bs1) {
972 error_report("Can't open file %s", filename1);
973 ret = 2;
974 goto out3;
975 }
976
977 bs2 = bdrv_new_open(filename2, fmt2, BDRV_O_FLAGS, true, quiet);
978 if (!bs2) {
979 error_report("Can't open file %s", filename2);
980 ret = 2;
981 goto out2;
982 }
983
984 buf1 = qemu_blockalign(bs1, IO_BUF_SIZE);
985 buf2 = qemu_blockalign(bs2, IO_BUF_SIZE);
986 bdrv_get_geometry(bs1, &bs_sectors);
987 total_sectors1 = bs_sectors;
988 bdrv_get_geometry(bs2, &bs_sectors);
989 total_sectors2 = bs_sectors;
990 total_sectors = MIN(total_sectors1, total_sectors2);
991 progress_base = MAX(total_sectors1, total_sectors2);
992
993 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
994
995 if (strict && total_sectors1 != total_sectors2) {
996 ret = 1;
997 qprintf(quiet, "Strict mode: Image size mismatch!\n");
998 goto out;
999 }
1000
1001 for (;;) {
1002 nb_sectors = sectors_to_process(total_sectors, sector_num);
1003 if (nb_sectors <= 0) {
1004 break;
1005 }
1006 allocated1 = bdrv_is_allocated_above(bs1, NULL, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1007 &pnum1);
1008 if (allocated1 < 0) {
1009 ret = 3;
1010 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename1);
1011 goto out;
1012 }
1013
1014 allocated2 = bdrv_is_allocated_above(bs2, NULL, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1015 &pnum2);
1016 if (allocated2 < 0) {
1017 ret = 3;
1018 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename2);
1019 goto out;
1020 }
1021 nb_sectors = MIN(pnum1, pnum2);
1022
1023 if (allocated1 == allocated2) {
1024 if (allocated1) {
1025 ret = bdrv_read(bs1, sector_num, buf1, nb_sectors);
1026 if (ret < 0) {
1027 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64 " of %s:"
1028 " %s", sectors_to_bytes(sector_num), filename1,
1029 strerror(-ret));
1030 ret = 4;
1031 goto out;
1032 }
1033 ret = bdrv_read(bs2, sector_num, buf2, nb_sectors);
1034 if (ret < 0) {
1035 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1036 " of %s: %s", sectors_to_bytes(sector_num),
1037 filename2, strerror(-ret));
1038 ret = 4;
1039 goto out;
1040 }
1041 ret = compare_sectors(buf1, buf2, nb_sectors, &pnum);
1042 if (ret || pnum != nb_sectors) {
1043 qprintf(quiet, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64 "!\n",
1044 sectors_to_bytes(
1045 ret ? sector_num : sector_num + pnum));
1046 ret = 1;
1047 goto out;
1048 }
1049 }
1050 } else {
1051 if (strict) {
1052 ret = 1;
1053 qprintf(quiet, "Strict mode: Offset %" PRId64
1054 " allocation mismatch!\n",
1055 sectors_to_bytes(sector_num));
1056 goto out;
1057 }
1058
1059 if (allocated1) {
1060 ret = check_empty_sectors(bs1, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1061 filename1, buf1, quiet);
1062 } else {
1063 ret = check_empty_sectors(bs2, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1064 filename2, buf1, quiet);
1065 }
1066 if (ret) {
1067 if (ret < 0) {
1068 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64 ": %s",
1069 sectors_to_bytes(sector_num), strerror(-ret));
1070 ret = 4;
1071 }
1072 goto out;
1073 }
1074 }
1075 sector_num += nb_sectors;
1076 qemu_progress_print(((float) nb_sectors / progress_base)*100, 100);
1077 }
1078
1079 if (total_sectors1 != total_sectors2) {
1080 BlockDriverState *bs_over;
1081 int64_t total_sectors_over;
1082 const char *filename_over;
1083
1084 qprintf(quiet, "Warning: Image size mismatch!\n");
1085 if (total_sectors1 > total_sectors2) {
1086 total_sectors_over = total_sectors1;
1087 bs_over = bs1;
1088 filename_over = filename1;
1089 } else {
1090 total_sectors_over = total_sectors2;
1091 bs_over = bs2;
1092 filename_over = filename2;
1093 }
1094
1095 for (;;) {
1096 nb_sectors = sectors_to_process(total_sectors_over, sector_num);
1097 if (nb_sectors <= 0) {
1098 break;
1099 }
1100 ret = bdrv_is_allocated_above(bs_over, NULL, sector_num,
1101 nb_sectors, &pnum);
1102 if (ret < 0) {
1103 ret = 3;
1104 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s",
1105 filename_over);
1106 goto out;
1107
1108 }
1109 nb_sectors = pnum;
1110 if (ret) {
1111 ret = check_empty_sectors(bs_over, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1112 filename_over, buf1, quiet);
1113 if (ret) {
1114 if (ret < 0) {
1115 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1116 " of %s: %s", sectors_to_bytes(sector_num),
1117 filename_over, strerror(-ret));
1118 ret = 4;
1119 }
1120 goto out;
1121 }
1122 }
1123 sector_num += nb_sectors;
1124 qemu_progress_print(((float) nb_sectors / progress_base)*100, 100);
1125 }
1126 }
1127
1128 qprintf(quiet, "Images are identical.\n");
1129 ret = 0;
1130
1131 out:
1132 bdrv_unref(bs2);
1133 qemu_vfree(buf1);
1134 qemu_vfree(buf2);
1135 out2:
1136 bdrv_unref(bs1);
1137 out3:
1138 qemu_progress_end();
1139 return ret;
1140 }
1141
1142 static int img_convert(int argc, char **argv)
1143 {
1144 int c, n, n1, bs_n, bs_i, compress, cluster_sectors, skip_create;
1145 int64_t ret = 0;
1146 int progress = 0, flags;
1147 const char *fmt, *out_fmt, *cache, *out_baseimg, *out_filename;
1148 BlockDriver *drv, *proto_drv;
1149 BlockDriverState **bs = NULL, *out_bs = NULL;
1150 int64_t total_sectors, nb_sectors, sector_num, bs_offset;
1151 uint64_t bs_sectors;
1152 uint8_t * buf = NULL;
1153 size_t bufsectors = IO_BUF_SIZE / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1154 const uint8_t *buf1;
1155 BlockDriverInfo bdi;
1156 QEMUOptionParameter *param = NULL, *create_options = NULL;
1157 QEMUOptionParameter *out_baseimg_param;
1158 char *options = NULL;
1159 const char *snapshot_name = NULL;
1160 int min_sparse = 8; /* Need at least 4k of zeros for sparse detection */
1161 bool quiet = false;
1162 Error *local_err = NULL;
1163 QemuOpts *sn_opts = NULL;
1164
1165 /* Initialize before goto out */
1166 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.0);
1167
1168 fmt = NULL;
1169 out_fmt = "raw";
1170 cache = "unsafe";
1171 out_baseimg = NULL;
1172 compress = 0;
1173 skip_create = 0;
1174 for(;;) {
1175 c = getopt(argc, argv, "f:O:B:s:hce6o:pS:t:qnl:");
1176 if (c == -1) {
1177 break;
1178 }
1179 switch(c) {
1180 case '?':
1181 case 'h':
1182 help();
1183 break;
1184 case 'f':
1185 fmt = optarg;
1186 break;
1187 case 'O':
1188 out_fmt = optarg;
1189 break;
1190 case 'B':
1191 out_baseimg = optarg;
1192 break;
1193 case 'c':
1194 compress = 1;
1195 break;
1196 case 'e':
1197 error_report("option -e is deprecated, please use \'-o "
1198 "encryption\' instead!");
1199 ret = -1;
1200 goto out;
1201 case '6':
1202 error_report("option -6 is deprecated, please use \'-o "
1203 "compat6\' instead!");
1204 ret = -1;
1205 goto out;
1206 case 'o':
1207 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
1208 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
1209 ret = -1;
1210 goto out;
1211 }
1212 if (!options) {
1213 options = g_strdup(optarg);
1214 } else {
1215 char *old_options = options;
1216 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
1217 g_free(old_options);
1218 }
1219 break;
1220 case 's':
1221 snapshot_name = optarg;
1222 break;
1223 case 'l':
1224 if (strstart(optarg, SNAPSHOT_OPT_BASE, NULL)) {
1225 sn_opts = qemu_opts_parse(&internal_snapshot_opts, optarg, 0);
1226 if (!sn_opts) {
1227 error_report("Failed in parsing snapshot param '%s'",
1228 optarg);
1229 ret = -1;
1230 goto out;
1231 }
1232 } else {
1233 snapshot_name = optarg;
1234 }
1235 break;
1236 case 'S':
1237 {
1238 int64_t sval;
1239 char *end;
1240 sval = strtosz_suffix(optarg, &end, STRTOSZ_DEFSUFFIX_B);
1241 if (sval < 0 || *end) {
1242 error_report("Invalid minimum zero buffer size for sparse output specified");
1243 ret = -1;
1244 goto out;
1245 }
1246
1247 min_sparse = sval / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1248 break;
1249 }
1250 case 'p':
1251 progress = 1;
1252 break;
1253 case 't':
1254 cache = optarg;
1255 break;
1256 case 'q':
1257 quiet = true;
1258 break;
1259 case 'n':
1260 skip_create = 1;
1261 break;
1262 }
1263 }
1264
1265 if (quiet) {
1266 progress = 0;
1267 }
1268
1269 bs_n = argc - optind - 1;
1270 out_filename = bs_n >= 1 ? argv[argc - 1] : NULL;
1271
1272 if (options && has_help_option(options)) {
1273 ret = print_block_option_help(out_filename, out_fmt);
1274 goto out;
1275 }
1276
1277 if (bs_n < 1) {
1278 help();
1279 }
1280
1281
1282 if (bs_n > 1 && out_baseimg) {
1283 error_report("-B makes no sense when concatenating multiple input "
1284 "images");
1285 ret = -1;
1286 goto out;
1287 }
1288
1289 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
1290
1291 bs = g_malloc0(bs_n * sizeof(BlockDriverState *));
1292
1293 total_sectors = 0;
1294 for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < bs_n; bs_i++) {
1295 bs[bs_i] = bdrv_new_open(argv[optind + bs_i], fmt, BDRV_O_FLAGS, true,
1296 quiet);
1297 if (!bs[bs_i]) {
1298 error_report("Could not open '%s'", argv[optind + bs_i]);
1299 ret = -1;
1300 goto out;
1301 }
1302 bdrv_get_geometry(bs[bs_i], &bs_sectors);
1303 total_sectors += bs_sectors;
1304 }
1305
1306 if (sn_opts) {
1307 ret = bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp(bs[0],
1308 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_ID),
1309 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_NAME),
1310 &local_err);
1311 } else if (snapshot_name != NULL) {
1312 if (bs_n > 1) {
1313 error_report("No support for concatenating multiple snapshot");
1314 ret = -1;
1315 goto out;
1316 }
1317
1318 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp_by_id_or_name(bs[0], snapshot_name, &local_err);
1319 }
1320 if (local_err) {
1321 error_report("Failed to load snapshot: %s",
1322 error_get_pretty(local_err));
1323 error_free(local_err);
1324 ret = -1;
1325 goto out;
1326 }
1327
1328 /* Find driver and parse its options */
1329 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
1330 if (!drv) {
1331 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", out_fmt);
1332 ret = -1;
1333 goto out;
1334 }
1335
1336 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(out_filename, true);
1337 if (!proto_drv) {
1338 error_report("Unknown protocol '%s'", out_filename);
1339 ret = -1;
1340 goto out;
1341 }
1342
1343 create_options = append_option_parameters(create_options,
1344 drv->create_options);
1345 create_options = append_option_parameters(create_options,
1346 proto_drv->create_options);
1347
1348 if (options) {
1349 param = parse_option_parameters(options, create_options, param);
1350 if (param == NULL) {
1351 error_report("Invalid options for file format '%s'.", out_fmt);
1352 ret = -1;
1353 goto out;
1354 }
1355 } else {
1356 param = parse_option_parameters("", create_options, param);
1357 }
1358
1359 set_option_parameter_int(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, total_sectors * 512);
1360 ret = add_old_style_options(out_fmt, param, out_baseimg, NULL);
1361 if (ret < 0) {
1362 goto out;
1363 }
1364
1365 /* Get backing file name if -o backing_file was used */
1366 out_baseimg_param = get_option_parameter(param, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE);
1367 if (out_baseimg_param) {
1368 out_baseimg = out_baseimg_param->value.s;
1369 }
1370
1371 /* Check if compression is supported */
1372 if (compress) {
1373 QEMUOptionParameter *encryption =
1374 get_option_parameter(param, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT);
1375 QEMUOptionParameter *preallocation =
1376 get_option_parameter(param, BLOCK_OPT_PREALLOC);
1377
1378 if (!drv->bdrv_write_compressed) {
1379 error_report("Compression not supported for this file format");
1380 ret = -1;
1381 goto out;
1382 }
1383
1384 if (encryption && encryption->value.n) {
1385 error_report("Compression and encryption not supported at "
1386 "the same time");
1387 ret = -1;
1388 goto out;
1389 }
1390
1391 if (preallocation && preallocation->value.s
1392 && strcmp(preallocation->value.s, "off"))
1393 {
1394 error_report("Compression and preallocation not supported at "
1395 "the same time");
1396 ret = -1;
1397 goto out;
1398 }
1399 }
1400
1401 if (!skip_create) {
1402 /* Create the new image */
1403 ret = bdrv_create(drv, out_filename, param, &local_err);
1404 if (ret < 0) {
1405 error_report("%s: error while converting %s: %s",
1406 out_filename, out_fmt, error_get_pretty(local_err));
1407 error_free(local_err);
1408 goto out;
1409 }
1410 }
1411
1412 flags = min_sparse ? (BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_UNMAP) : BDRV_O_RDWR;
1413 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_flags(cache, &flags);
1414 if (ret < 0) {
1415 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
1416 return -1;
1417 }
1418
1419 out_bs = bdrv_new_open(out_filename, out_fmt, flags, true, quiet);
1420 if (!out_bs) {
1421 ret = -1;
1422 goto out;
1423 }
1424
1425 bs_i = 0;
1426 bs_offset = 0;
1427 bdrv_get_geometry(bs[0], &bs_sectors);
1428
1429 /* increase bufsectors from the default 4096 (2M) if opt_transfer_length
1430 * or discard_alignment of the out_bs is greater. Limit to 32768 (16MB)
1431 * as maximum. */
1432 bufsectors = MIN(32768,
1433 MAX(bufsectors, MAX(out_bs->bl.opt_transfer_length,
1434 out_bs->bl.discard_alignment))
1435 );
1436
1437 buf = qemu_blockalign(out_bs, bufsectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1438
1439 if (skip_create) {
1440 int64_t output_length = bdrv_getlength(out_bs);
1441 if (output_length < 0) {
1442 error_report("unable to get output image length: %s\n",
1443 strerror(-output_length));
1444 ret = -1;
1445 goto out;
1446 } else if (output_length < total_sectors << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS) {
1447 error_report("output file is smaller than input file");
1448 ret = -1;
1449 goto out;
1450 }
1451 }
1452
1453 cluster_sectors = 0;
1454 ret = bdrv_get_info(out_bs, &bdi);
1455 if (ret < 0) {
1456 if (compress) {
1457 error_report("could not get block driver info");
1458 goto out;
1459 }
1460 } else {
1461 cluster_sectors = bdi.cluster_size / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1462 }
1463
1464 if (compress) {
1465 if (cluster_sectors <= 0 || cluster_sectors > bufsectors) {
1466 error_report("invalid cluster size");
1467 ret = -1;
1468 goto out;
1469 }
1470 sector_num = 0;
1471
1472 nb_sectors = total_sectors;
1473
1474 for(;;) {
1475 int64_t bs_num;
1476 int remainder;
1477 uint8_t *buf2;
1478
1479 nb_sectors = total_sectors - sector_num;
1480 if (nb_sectors <= 0)
1481 break;
1482 if (nb_sectors >= cluster_sectors)
1483 n = cluster_sectors;
1484 else
1485 n = nb_sectors;
1486
1487 bs_num = sector_num - bs_offset;
1488 assert (bs_num >= 0);
1489 remainder = n;
1490 buf2 = buf;
1491 while (remainder > 0) {
1492 int nlow;
1493 while (bs_num == bs_sectors) {
1494 bs_i++;
1495 assert (bs_i < bs_n);
1496 bs_offset += bs_sectors;
1497 bdrv_get_geometry(bs[bs_i], &bs_sectors);
1498 bs_num = 0;
1499 /* printf("changing part: sector_num=%" PRId64 ", "
1500 "bs_i=%d, bs_offset=%" PRId64 ", bs_sectors=%" PRId64
1501 "\n", sector_num, bs_i, bs_offset, bs_sectors); */
1502 }
1503 assert (bs_num < bs_sectors);
1504
1505 nlow = (remainder > bs_sectors - bs_num) ? bs_sectors - bs_num : remainder;
1506
1507 ret = bdrv_read(bs[bs_i], bs_num, buf2, nlow);
1508 if (ret < 0) {
1509 error_report("error while reading sector %" PRId64 ": %s",
1510 bs_num, strerror(-ret));
1511 goto out;
1512 }
1513
1514 buf2 += nlow * 512;
1515 bs_num += nlow;
1516
1517 remainder -= nlow;
1518 }
1519 assert (remainder == 0);
1520
1521 if (!buffer_is_zero(buf, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE)) {
1522 ret = bdrv_write_compressed(out_bs, sector_num, buf, n);
1523 if (ret != 0) {
1524 error_report("error while compressing sector %" PRId64
1525 ": %s", sector_num, strerror(-ret));
1526 goto out;
1527 }
1528 }
1529 sector_num += n;
1530 qemu_progress_print(100.0 * sector_num / total_sectors, 0);
1531 }
1532 /* signal EOF to align */
1533 bdrv_write_compressed(out_bs, 0, NULL, 0);
1534 } else {
1535 int64_t sectors_to_read, sectors_read, sector_num_next_status;
1536 bool count_allocated_sectors;
1537 int has_zero_init = min_sparse ? bdrv_has_zero_init(out_bs) : 0;
1538
1539 if (!has_zero_init && bdrv_can_write_zeroes_with_unmap(out_bs)) {
1540 ret = bdrv_make_zero(out_bs, BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP);
1541 if (ret < 0) {
1542 goto out;
1543 }
1544 has_zero_init = 1;
1545 }
1546
1547 sectors_to_read = total_sectors;
1548 count_allocated_sectors = progress && (out_baseimg || has_zero_init);
1549 restart:
1550 sector_num = 0; // total number of sectors converted so far
1551 sectors_read = 0;
1552 sector_num_next_status = 0;
1553
1554 for(;;) {
1555 nb_sectors = total_sectors - sector_num;
1556 if (nb_sectors <= 0) {
1557 if (count_allocated_sectors) {
1558 sectors_to_read = sectors_read;
1559 count_allocated_sectors = false;
1560 goto restart;
1561 }
1562 ret = 0;
1563 break;
1564 }
1565
1566 while (sector_num - bs_offset >= bs_sectors) {
1567 bs_i ++;
1568 assert (bs_i < bs_n);
1569 bs_offset += bs_sectors;
1570 bdrv_get_geometry(bs[bs_i], &bs_sectors);
1571 /* printf("changing part: sector_num=%" PRId64 ", bs_i=%d, "
1572 "bs_offset=%" PRId64 ", bs_sectors=%" PRId64 "\n",
1573 sector_num, bs_i, bs_offset, bs_sectors); */
1574 }
1575
1576 if ((out_baseimg || has_zero_init) &&
1577 sector_num >= sector_num_next_status) {
1578 n = nb_sectors > INT_MAX ? INT_MAX : nb_sectors;
1579 ret = bdrv_get_block_status(bs[bs_i], sector_num - bs_offset,
1580 n, &n1);
1581 if (ret < 0) {
1582 error_report("error while reading block status of sector %"
1583 PRId64 ": %s", sector_num - bs_offset,
1584 strerror(-ret));
1585 goto out;
1586 }
1587 /* If the output image is zero initialized, we are not working
1588 * on a shared base and the input is zero we can skip the next
1589 * n1 sectors */
1590 if (has_zero_init && !out_baseimg && (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO)) {
1591 sector_num += n1;
1592 continue;
1593 }
1594 /* If the output image is being created as a copy on write
1595 * image, assume that sectors which are unallocated in the
1596 * input image are present in both the output's and input's
1597 * base images (no need to copy them). */
1598 if (out_baseimg) {
1599 if (!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA)) {
1600 sector_num += n1;
1601 continue;
1602 }
1603 /* The next 'n1' sectors are allocated in the input image.
1604 * Copy only those as they may be followed by unallocated
1605 * sectors. */
1606 nb_sectors = n1;
1607 }
1608 /* avoid redundant callouts to get_block_status */
1609 sector_num_next_status = sector_num + n1;
1610 }
1611
1612 n = MIN(nb_sectors, bufsectors);
1613
1614 /* round down request length to an aligned sector, but
1615 * do not bother doing this on short requests. They happen
1616 * when we found an all-zero area, and the next sector to
1617 * write will not be sector_num + n. */
1618 if (cluster_sectors > 0 && n >= cluster_sectors) {
1619 int64_t next_aligned_sector = (sector_num + n);
1620 next_aligned_sector -= next_aligned_sector % cluster_sectors;
1621 if (sector_num + n > next_aligned_sector) {
1622 n = next_aligned_sector - sector_num;
1623 }
1624 }
1625
1626 n = MIN(n, bs_sectors - (sector_num - bs_offset));
1627
1628 sectors_read += n;
1629 if (count_allocated_sectors) {
1630 sector_num += n;
1631 continue;
1632 }
1633
1634 n1 = n;
1635 ret = bdrv_read(bs[bs_i], sector_num - bs_offset, buf, n);
1636 if (ret < 0) {
1637 error_report("error while reading sector %" PRId64 ": %s",
1638 sector_num - bs_offset, strerror(-ret));
1639 goto out;
1640 }
1641 /* NOTE: at the same time we convert, we do not write zero
1642 sectors to have a chance to compress the image. Ideally, we
1643 should add a specific call to have the info to go faster */
1644 buf1 = buf;
1645 while (n > 0) {
1646 if (!has_zero_init ||
1647 is_allocated_sectors_min(buf1, n, &n1, min_sparse)) {
1648 ret = bdrv_write(out_bs, sector_num, buf1, n1);
1649 if (ret < 0) {
1650 error_report("error while writing sector %" PRId64
1651 ": %s", sector_num, strerror(-ret));
1652 goto out;
1653 }
1654 }
1655 sector_num += n1;
1656 n -= n1;
1657 buf1 += n1 * 512;
1658 }
1659 qemu_progress_print(100.0 * sectors_read / sectors_to_read, 0);
1660 }
1661 }
1662 out:
1663 if (!ret) {
1664 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
1665 }
1666 qemu_progress_end();
1667 free_option_parameters(create_options);
1668 free_option_parameters(param);
1669 qemu_vfree(buf);
1670 g_free(options);
1671 if (sn_opts) {
1672 qemu_opts_del(sn_opts);
1673 }
1674 if (out_bs) {
1675 bdrv_unref(out_bs);
1676 }
1677 if (bs) {
1678 for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < bs_n; bs_i++) {
1679 if (bs[bs_i]) {
1680 bdrv_unref(bs[bs_i]);
1681 }
1682 }
1683 g_free(bs);
1684 }
1685 if (ret) {
1686 return 1;
1687 }
1688 return 0;
1689 }
1690
1691
1692 static void dump_snapshots(BlockDriverState *bs)
1693 {
1694 QEMUSnapshotInfo *sn_tab, *sn;
1695 int nb_sns, i;
1696
1697 nb_sns = bdrv_snapshot_list(bs, &sn_tab);
1698 if (nb_sns <= 0)
1699 return;
1700 printf("Snapshot list:\n");
1701 bdrv_snapshot_dump(fprintf, stdout, NULL);
1702 printf("\n");
1703 for(i = 0; i < nb_sns; i++) {
1704 sn = &sn_tab[i];
1705 bdrv_snapshot_dump(fprintf, stdout, sn);
1706 printf("\n");
1707 }
1708 g_free(sn_tab);
1709 }
1710
1711 static void dump_json_image_info_list(ImageInfoList *list)
1712 {
1713 Error *errp = NULL;
1714 QString *str;
1715 QmpOutputVisitor *ov = qmp_output_visitor_new();
1716 QObject *obj;
1717 visit_type_ImageInfoList(qmp_output_get_visitor(ov),
1718 &list, NULL, &errp);
1719 obj = qmp_output_get_qobject(ov);
1720 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
1721 assert(str != NULL);
1722 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
1723 qobject_decref(obj);
1724 qmp_output_visitor_cleanup(ov);
1725 QDECREF(str);
1726 }
1727
1728 static void dump_json_image_info(ImageInfo *info)
1729 {
1730 Error *errp = NULL;
1731 QString *str;
1732 QmpOutputVisitor *ov = qmp_output_visitor_new();
1733 QObject *obj;
1734 visit_type_ImageInfo(qmp_output_get_visitor(ov),
1735 &info, NULL, &errp);
1736 obj = qmp_output_get_qobject(ov);
1737 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
1738 assert(str != NULL);
1739 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
1740 qobject_decref(obj);
1741 qmp_output_visitor_cleanup(ov);
1742 QDECREF(str);
1743 }
1744
1745 static void dump_human_image_info_list(ImageInfoList *list)
1746 {
1747 ImageInfoList *elem;
1748 bool delim = false;
1749
1750 for (elem = list; elem; elem = elem->next) {
1751 if (delim) {
1752 printf("\n");
1753 }
1754 delim = true;
1755
1756 bdrv_image_info_dump(fprintf, stdout, elem->value);
1757 }
1758 }
1759
1760 static gboolean str_equal_func(gconstpointer a, gconstpointer b)
1761 {
1762 return strcmp(a, b) == 0;
1763 }
1764
1765 /**
1766 * Open an image file chain and return an ImageInfoList
1767 *
1768 * @filename: topmost image filename
1769 * @fmt: topmost image format (may be NULL to autodetect)
1770 * @chain: true - enumerate entire backing file chain
1771 * false - only topmost image file
1772 *
1773 * Returns a list of ImageInfo objects or NULL if there was an error opening an
1774 * image file. If there was an error a message will have been printed to
1775 * stderr.
1776 */
1777 static ImageInfoList *collect_image_info_list(const char *filename,
1778 const char *fmt,
1779 bool chain)
1780 {
1781 ImageInfoList *head = NULL;
1782 ImageInfoList **last = &head;
1783 GHashTable *filenames;
1784 Error *err = NULL;
1785
1786 filenames = g_hash_table_new_full(g_str_hash, str_equal_func, NULL, NULL);
1787
1788 while (filename) {
1789 BlockDriverState *bs;
1790 ImageInfo *info;
1791 ImageInfoList *elem;
1792
1793 if (g_hash_table_lookup_extended(filenames, filename, NULL, NULL)) {
1794 error_report("Backing file '%s' creates an infinite loop.",
1795 filename);
1796 goto err;
1797 }
1798 g_hash_table_insert(filenames, (gpointer)filename, NULL);
1799
1800 bs = bdrv_new_open(filename, fmt, BDRV_O_FLAGS | BDRV_O_NO_BACKING,
1801 false, false);
1802 if (!bs) {
1803 goto err;
1804 }
1805
1806 bdrv_query_image_info(bs, &info, &err);
1807 if (err) {
1808 error_report("%s", error_get_pretty(err));
1809 error_free(err);
1810 goto err;
1811 }
1812
1813 elem = g_new0(ImageInfoList, 1);
1814 elem->value = info;
1815 *last = elem;
1816 last = &elem->next;
1817
1818 bdrv_unref(bs);
1819
1820 filename = fmt = NULL;
1821 if (chain) {
1822 if (info->has_full_backing_filename) {
1823 filename = info->full_backing_filename;
1824 } else if (info->has_backing_filename) {
1825 filename = info->backing_filename;
1826 }
1827 if (info->has_backing_filename_format) {
1828 fmt = info->backing_filename_format;
1829 }
1830 }
1831 }
1832 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames);
1833 return head;
1834
1835 err:
1836 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(head);
1837 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames);
1838 return NULL;
1839 }
1840
1841 static int img_info(int argc, char **argv)
1842 {
1843 int c;
1844 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
1845 bool chain = false;
1846 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
1847 ImageInfoList *list;
1848
1849 fmt = NULL;
1850 output = NULL;
1851 for(;;) {
1852 int option_index = 0;
1853 static const struct option long_options[] = {
1854 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
1855 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
1856 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
1857 {"backing-chain", no_argument, 0, OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN},
1858 {0, 0, 0, 0}
1859 };
1860 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "f:h",
1861 long_options, &option_index);
1862 if (c == -1) {
1863 break;
1864 }
1865 switch(c) {
1866 case '?':
1867 case 'h':
1868 help();
1869 break;
1870 case 'f':
1871 fmt = optarg;
1872 break;
1873 case OPTION_OUTPUT:
1874 output = optarg;
1875 break;
1876 case OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN:
1877 chain = true;
1878 break;
1879 }
1880 }
1881 if (optind != argc - 1) {
1882 help();
1883 }
1884 filename = argv[optind++];
1885
1886 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
1887 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
1888 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
1889 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
1890 } else if (output) {
1891 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
1892 return 1;
1893 }
1894
1895 list = collect_image_info_list(filename, fmt, chain);
1896 if (!list) {
1897 return 1;
1898 }
1899
1900 switch (output_format) {
1901 case OFORMAT_HUMAN:
1902 dump_human_image_info_list(list);
1903 break;
1904 case OFORMAT_JSON:
1905 if (chain) {
1906 dump_json_image_info_list(list);
1907 } else {
1908 dump_json_image_info(list->value);
1909 }
1910 break;
1911 }
1912
1913 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(list);
1914 return 0;
1915 }
1916
1917
1918 typedef struct MapEntry {
1919 int flags;
1920 int depth;
1921 int64_t start;
1922 int64_t length;
1923 int64_t offset;
1924 BlockDriverState *bs;
1925 } MapEntry;
1926
1927 static void dump_map_entry(OutputFormat output_format, MapEntry *e,
1928 MapEntry *next)
1929 {
1930 switch (output_format) {
1931 case OFORMAT_HUMAN:
1932 if ((e->flags & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA) &&
1933 !(e->flags & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID)) {
1934 error_report("File contains external, encrypted or compressed clusters.");
1935 exit(1);
1936 }
1937 if ((e->flags & (BDRV_BLOCK_DATA|BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO)) == BDRV_BLOCK_DATA) {
1938 printf("%#-16"PRIx64"%#-16"PRIx64"%#-16"PRIx64"%s\n",
1939 e->start, e->length, e->offset, e->bs->filename);
1940 }
1941 /* This format ignores the distinction between 0, ZERO and ZERO|DATA.
1942 * Modify the flags here to allow more coalescing.
1943 */
1944 if (next &&
1945 (next->flags & (BDRV_BLOCK_DATA|BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO)) != BDRV_BLOCK_DATA) {
1946 next->flags &= ~BDRV_BLOCK_DATA;
1947 next->flags |= BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO;
1948 }
1949 break;
1950 case OFORMAT_JSON:
1951 printf("%s{ \"start\": %"PRId64", \"length\": %"PRId64", \"depth\": %d,"
1952 " \"zero\": %s, \"data\": %s",
1953 (e->start == 0 ? "[" : ",\n"),
1954 e->start, e->length, e->depth,
1955 (e->flags & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO) ? "true" : "false",
1956 (e->flags & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA) ? "true" : "false");
1957 if (e->flags & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID) {
1958 printf(", \"offset\": %"PRId64"", e->offset);
1959 }
1960 putchar('}');
1961
1962 if (!next) {
1963 printf("]\n");
1964 }
1965 break;
1966 }
1967 }
1968
1969 static int get_block_status(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sector_num,
1970 int nb_sectors, MapEntry *e)
1971 {
1972 int64_t ret;
1973 int depth;
1974
1975 /* As an optimization, we could cache the current range of unallocated
1976 * clusters in each file of the chain, and avoid querying the same
1977 * range repeatedly.
1978 */
1979
1980 depth = 0;
1981 for (;;) {
1982 ret = bdrv_get_block_status(bs, sector_num, nb_sectors, &nb_sectors);
1983 if (ret < 0) {
1984 return ret;
1985 }
1986 assert(nb_sectors);
1987 if (ret & (BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO|BDRV_BLOCK_DATA)) {
1988 break;
1989 }
1990 bs = bs->backing_hd;
1991 if (bs == NULL) {
1992 ret = 0;
1993 break;
1994 }
1995
1996 depth++;
1997 }
1998
1999 e->start = sector_num * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
2000 e->length = nb_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
2001 e->flags = ret & ~BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_MASK;
2002 e->offset = ret & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_MASK;
2003 e->depth = depth;
2004 e->bs = bs;
2005 return 0;
2006 }
2007
2008 static int img_map(int argc, char **argv)
2009 {
2010 int c;
2011 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2012 BlockDriverState *bs;
2013 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
2014 int64_t length;
2015 MapEntry curr = { .length = 0 }, next;
2016 int ret = 0;
2017
2018 fmt = NULL;
2019 output = NULL;
2020 for (;;) {
2021 int option_index = 0;
2022 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2023 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2024 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
2025 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
2026 {0, 0, 0, 0}
2027 };
2028 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "f:h",
2029 long_options, &option_index);
2030 if (c == -1) {
2031 break;
2032 }
2033 switch (c) {
2034 case '?':
2035 case 'h':
2036 help();
2037 break;
2038 case 'f':
2039 fmt = optarg;
2040 break;
2041 case OPTION_OUTPUT:
2042 output = optarg;
2043 break;
2044 }
2045 }
2046 if (optind >= argc) {
2047 help();
2048 }
2049 filename = argv[optind++];
2050
2051 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
2052 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
2053 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
2054 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2055 } else if (output) {
2056 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
2057 return 1;
2058 }
2059
2060 bs = bdrv_new_open(filename, fmt, BDRV_O_FLAGS, true, false);
2061 if (!bs) {
2062 return 1;
2063 }
2064
2065 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
2066 printf("%-16s%-16s%-16s%s\n", "Offset", "Length", "Mapped to", "File");
2067 }
2068
2069 length = bdrv_getlength(bs);
2070 while (curr.start + curr.length < length) {
2071 int64_t nsectors_left;
2072 int64_t sector_num;
2073 int n;
2074
2075 sector_num = (curr.start + curr.length) >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
2076
2077 /* Probe up to 1 GiB at a time. */
2078 nsectors_left = DIV_ROUND_UP(length, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE) - sector_num;
2079 n = MIN(1 << (30 - BDRV_SECTOR_BITS), nsectors_left);
2080 ret = get_block_status(bs, sector_num, n, &next);
2081
2082 if (ret < 0) {
2083 error_report("Could not read file metadata: %s", strerror(-ret));
2084 goto out;
2085 }
2086
2087 if (curr.length != 0 && curr.flags == next.flags &&
2088 curr.depth == next.depth &&
2089 ((curr.flags & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID) == 0 ||
2090 curr.offset + curr.length == next.offset)) {
2091 curr.length += next.length;
2092 continue;
2093 }
2094
2095 if (curr.length > 0) {
2096 dump_map_entry(output_format, &curr, &next);
2097 }
2098 curr = next;
2099 }
2100
2101 dump_map_entry(output_format, &curr, NULL);
2102
2103 out:
2104 bdrv_unref(bs);
2105 return ret < 0;
2106 }
2107
2108 #define SNAPSHOT_LIST 1
2109 #define SNAPSHOT_CREATE 2
2110 #define SNAPSHOT_APPLY 3
2111 #define SNAPSHOT_DELETE 4
2112
2113 static int img_snapshot(int argc, char **argv)
2114 {
2115 BlockDriverState *bs;
2116 QEMUSnapshotInfo sn;
2117 char *filename, *snapshot_name = NULL;
2118 int c, ret = 0, bdrv_oflags;
2119 int action = 0;
2120 qemu_timeval tv;
2121 bool quiet = false;
2122 Error *err = NULL;
2123
2124 bdrv_oflags = BDRV_O_FLAGS | BDRV_O_RDWR;
2125 /* Parse commandline parameters */
2126 for(;;) {
2127 c = getopt(argc, argv, "la:c:d:hq");
2128 if (c == -1) {
2129 break;
2130 }
2131 switch(c) {
2132 case '?':
2133 case 'h':
2134 help();
2135 return 0;
2136 case 'l':
2137 if (action) {
2138 help();
2139 return 0;
2140 }
2141 action = SNAPSHOT_LIST;
2142 bdrv_oflags &= ~BDRV_O_RDWR; /* no need for RW */
2143 break;
2144 case 'a':
2145 if (action) {
2146 help();
2147 return 0;
2148 }
2149 action = SNAPSHOT_APPLY;
2150 snapshot_name = optarg;
2151 break;
2152 case 'c':
2153 if (action) {
2154 help();
2155 return 0;
2156 }
2157 action = SNAPSHOT_CREATE;
2158 snapshot_name = optarg;
2159 break;
2160 case 'd':
2161 if (action) {
2162 help();
2163 return 0;
2164 }
2165 action = SNAPSHOT_DELETE;
2166 snapshot_name = optarg;
2167 break;
2168 case 'q':
2169 quiet = true;
2170 break;
2171 }
2172 }
2173
2174 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2175 help();
2176 }
2177 filename = argv[optind++];
2178
2179 /* Open the image */
2180 bs = bdrv_new_open(filename, NULL, bdrv_oflags, true, quiet);
2181 if (!bs) {
2182 return 1;
2183 }
2184
2185 /* Perform the requested action */
2186 switch(action) {
2187 case SNAPSHOT_LIST:
2188 dump_snapshots(bs);
2189 break;
2190
2191 case SNAPSHOT_CREATE:
2192 memset(&sn, 0, sizeof(sn));
2193 pstrcpy(sn.name, sizeof(sn.name), snapshot_name);
2194
2195 qemu_gettimeofday(&tv);
2196 sn.date_sec = tv.tv_sec;
2197 sn.date_nsec = tv.tv_usec * 1000;
2198
2199 ret = bdrv_snapshot_create(bs, &sn);
2200 if (ret) {
2201 error_report("Could not create snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
2202 snapshot_name, ret, strerror(-ret));
2203 }
2204 break;
2205
2206 case SNAPSHOT_APPLY:
2207 ret = bdrv_snapshot_goto(bs, snapshot_name);
2208 if (ret) {
2209 error_report("Could not apply snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
2210 snapshot_name, ret, strerror(-ret));
2211 }
2212 break;
2213
2214 case SNAPSHOT_DELETE:
2215 bdrv_snapshot_delete_by_id_or_name(bs, snapshot_name, &err);
2216 if (err) {
2217 error_report("Could not delete snapshot '%s': (%s)",
2218 snapshot_name, error_get_pretty(err));
2219 error_free(err);
2220 ret = 1;
2221 }
2222 break;
2223 }
2224
2225 /* Cleanup */
2226 bdrv_unref(bs);
2227 if (ret) {
2228 return 1;
2229 }
2230 return 0;
2231 }
2232
2233 static int img_rebase(int argc, char **argv)
2234 {
2235 BlockDriverState *bs, *bs_old_backing = NULL, *bs_new_backing = NULL;
2236 BlockDriver *old_backing_drv, *new_backing_drv;
2237 char *filename;
2238 const char *fmt, *cache, *out_basefmt, *out_baseimg;
2239 int c, flags, ret;
2240 int unsafe = 0;
2241 int progress = 0;
2242 bool quiet = false;
2243 Error *local_err = NULL;
2244
2245 /* Parse commandline parameters */
2246 fmt = NULL;
2247 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
2248 out_baseimg = NULL;
2249 out_basefmt = NULL;
2250 for(;;) {
2251 c = getopt(argc, argv, "uhf:F:b:pt:q");
2252 if (c == -1) {
2253 break;
2254 }
2255 switch(c) {
2256 case '?':
2257 case 'h':
2258 help();
2259 return 0;
2260 case 'f':
2261 fmt = optarg;
2262 break;
2263 case 'F':
2264 out_basefmt = optarg;
2265 break;
2266 case 'b':
2267 out_baseimg = optarg;
2268 break;
2269 case 'u':
2270 unsafe = 1;
2271 break;
2272 case 'p':
2273 progress = 1;
2274 break;
2275 case 't':
2276 cache = optarg;
2277 break;
2278 case 'q':
2279 quiet = true;
2280 break;
2281 }
2282 }
2283
2284 if (quiet) {
2285 progress = 0;
2286 }
2287
2288 if ((optind != argc - 1) || (!unsafe && !out_baseimg)) {
2289 help();
2290 }
2291 filename = argv[optind++];
2292
2293 qemu_progress_init(progress, 2.0);
2294 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
2295
2296 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR | (unsafe ? BDRV_O_NO_BACKING : 0);
2297 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_flags(cache, &flags);
2298 if (ret < 0) {
2299 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
2300 return -1;
2301 }
2302
2303 /*
2304 * Open the images.
2305 *
2306 * Ignore the old backing file for unsafe rebase in case we want to correct
2307 * the reference to a renamed or moved backing file.
2308 */
2309 bs = bdrv_new_open(filename, fmt, flags, true, quiet);
2310 if (!bs) {
2311 return 1;
2312 }
2313
2314 /* Find the right drivers for the backing files */
2315 old_backing_drv = NULL;
2316 new_backing_drv = NULL;
2317
2318 if (!unsafe && bs->backing_format[0] != '\0') {
2319 old_backing_drv = bdrv_find_format(bs->backing_format);
2320 if (old_backing_drv == NULL) {
2321 error_report("Invalid format name: '%s'", bs->backing_format);
2322 ret = -1;
2323 goto out;
2324 }
2325 }
2326
2327 if (out_basefmt != NULL) {
2328 new_backing_drv = bdrv_find_format(out_basefmt);
2329 if (new_backing_drv == NULL) {
2330 error_report("Invalid format name: '%s'", out_basefmt);
2331 ret = -1;
2332 goto out;
2333 }
2334 }
2335
2336 /* For safe rebasing we need to compare old and new backing file */
2337 if (unsafe) {
2338 /* Make the compiler happy */
2339 bs_old_backing = NULL;
2340 bs_new_backing = NULL;
2341 } else {
2342 char backing_name[1024];
2343
2344 bs_old_backing = bdrv_new("old_backing");
2345 bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs, backing_name, sizeof(backing_name));
2346 ret = bdrv_open(&bs_old_backing, backing_name, NULL, NULL, BDRV_O_FLAGS,
2347 old_backing_drv, &local_err);
2348 if (ret) {
2349 error_report("Could not open old backing file '%s': %s",
2350 backing_name, error_get_pretty(local_err));
2351 error_free(local_err);
2352 goto out;
2353 }
2354 if (out_baseimg[0]) {
2355 bs_new_backing = bdrv_new("new_backing");
2356 ret = bdrv_open(&bs_new_backing, out_baseimg, NULL, NULL,
2357 BDRV_O_FLAGS, new_backing_drv, &local_err);
2358 if (ret) {
2359 error_report("Could not open new backing file '%s': %s",
2360 out_baseimg, error_get_pretty(local_err));
2361 error_free(local_err);
2362 goto out;
2363 }
2364 }
2365 }
2366
2367 /*
2368 * Check each unallocated cluster in the COW file. If it is unallocated,
2369 * accesses go to the backing file. We must therefore compare this cluster
2370 * in the old and new backing file, and if they differ we need to copy it
2371 * from the old backing file into the COW file.
2372 *
2373 * If qemu-img crashes during this step, no harm is done. The content of
2374 * the image is the same as the original one at any time.
2375 */
2376 if (!unsafe) {
2377 uint64_t num_sectors;
2378 uint64_t old_backing_num_sectors;
2379 uint64_t new_backing_num_sectors = 0;
2380 uint64_t sector;
2381 int n;
2382 uint8_t * buf_old;
2383 uint8_t * buf_new;
2384 float local_progress = 0;
2385
2386 buf_old = qemu_blockalign(bs, IO_BUF_SIZE);
2387 buf_new = qemu_blockalign(bs, IO_BUF_SIZE);
2388
2389 bdrv_get_geometry(bs, &num_sectors);
2390 bdrv_get_geometry(bs_old_backing, &old_backing_num_sectors);
2391 if (bs_new_backing) {
2392 bdrv_get_geometry(bs_new_backing, &new_backing_num_sectors);
2393 }
2394
2395 if (num_sectors != 0) {
2396 local_progress = (float)100 /
2397 (num_sectors / MIN(num_sectors, IO_BUF_SIZE / 512));
2398 }
2399
2400 for (sector = 0; sector < num_sectors; sector += n) {
2401
2402 /* How many sectors can we handle with the next read? */
2403 if (sector + (IO_BUF_SIZE / 512) <= num_sectors) {
2404 n = (IO_BUF_SIZE / 512);
2405 } else {
2406 n = num_sectors - sector;
2407 }
2408
2409 /* If the cluster is allocated, we don't need to take action */
2410 ret = bdrv_is_allocated(bs, sector, n, &n);
2411 if (ret < 0) {
2412 error_report("error while reading image metadata: %s",
2413 strerror(-ret));
2414 goto out;
2415 }
2416 if (ret) {
2417 continue;
2418 }
2419
2420 /*
2421 * Read old and new backing file and take into consideration that
2422 * backing files may be smaller than the COW image.
2423 */
2424 if (sector >= old_backing_num_sectors) {
2425 memset(buf_old, 0, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
2426 } else {
2427 if (sector + n > old_backing_num_sectors) {
2428 n = old_backing_num_sectors - sector;
2429 }
2430
2431 ret = bdrv_read(bs_old_backing, sector, buf_old, n);
2432 if (ret < 0) {
2433 error_report("error while reading from old backing file");
2434 goto out;
2435 }
2436 }
2437
2438 if (sector >= new_backing_num_sectors || !bs_new_backing) {
2439 memset(buf_new, 0, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
2440 } else {
2441 if (sector + n > new_backing_num_sectors) {
2442 n = new_backing_num_sectors - sector;
2443 }
2444
2445 ret = bdrv_read(bs_new_backing, sector, buf_new, n);
2446 if (ret < 0) {
2447 error_report("error while reading from new backing file");
2448 goto out;
2449 }
2450 }
2451
2452 /* If they differ, we need to write to the COW file */
2453 uint64_t written = 0;
2454
2455 while (written < n) {
2456 int pnum;
2457
2458 if (compare_sectors(buf_old + written * 512,
2459 buf_new + written * 512, n - written, &pnum))
2460 {
2461 ret = bdrv_write(bs, sector + written,
2462 buf_old + written * 512, pnum);
2463 if (ret < 0) {
2464 error_report("Error while writing to COW image: %s",
2465 strerror(-ret));
2466 goto out;
2467 }
2468 }
2469
2470 written += pnum;
2471 }
2472 qemu_progress_print(local_progress, 100);
2473 }
2474
2475 qemu_vfree(buf_old);
2476 qemu_vfree(buf_new);
2477 }
2478
2479 /*
2480 * Change the backing file. All clusters that are different from the old
2481 * backing file are overwritten in the COW file now, so the visible content
2482 * doesn't change when we switch the backing file.
2483 */
2484 if (out_baseimg && *out_baseimg) {
2485 ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, out_baseimg, out_basefmt);
2486 } else {
2487 ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, NULL, NULL);
2488 }
2489
2490 if (ret == -ENOSPC) {
2491 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': No "
2492 "space left in the file header", out_baseimg);
2493 } else if (ret < 0) {
2494 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': %s",
2495 out_baseimg, strerror(-ret));
2496 }
2497
2498 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
2499 /*
2500 * TODO At this point it is possible to check if any clusters that are
2501 * allocated in the COW file are the same in the backing file. If so, they
2502 * could be dropped from the COW file. Don't do this before switching the
2503 * backing file, in case of a crash this would lead to corruption.
2504 */
2505 out:
2506 qemu_progress_end();
2507 /* Cleanup */
2508 if (!unsafe) {
2509 if (bs_old_backing != NULL) {
2510 bdrv_unref(bs_old_backing);
2511 }
2512 if (bs_new_backing != NULL) {
2513 bdrv_unref(bs_new_backing);
2514 }
2515 }
2516
2517 bdrv_unref(bs);
2518 if (ret) {
2519 return 1;
2520 }
2521 return 0;
2522 }
2523
2524 static int img_resize(int argc, char **argv)
2525 {
2526 int c, ret, relative;
2527 const char *filename, *fmt, *size;
2528 int64_t n, total_size;
2529 bool quiet = false;
2530 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL;
2531 QemuOpts *param;
2532 static QemuOptsList resize_options = {
2533 .name = "resize_options",
2534 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(resize_options.head),
2535 .desc = {
2536 {
2537 .name = BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
2538 .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
2539 .help = "Virtual disk size"
2540 }, {
2541 /* end of list */
2542 }
2543 },
2544 };
2545
2546 /* Remove size from argv manually so that negative numbers are not treated
2547 * as options by getopt. */
2548 if (argc < 3) {
2549 help();
2550 return 1;
2551 }
2552
2553 size = argv[--argc];
2554
2555 /* Parse getopt arguments */
2556 fmt = NULL;
2557 for(;;) {
2558 c = getopt(argc, argv, "f:hq");
2559 if (c == -1) {
2560 break;
2561 }
2562 switch(c) {
2563 case '?':
2564 case 'h':
2565 help();
2566 break;
2567 case 'f':
2568 fmt = optarg;
2569 break;
2570 case 'q':
2571 quiet = true;
2572 break;
2573 }
2574 }
2575 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2576 help();
2577 }
2578 filename = argv[optind++];
2579
2580 /* Choose grow, shrink, or absolute resize mode */
2581 switch (size[0]) {
2582 case '+':
2583 relative = 1;
2584 size++;
2585 break;
2586 case '-':
2587 relative = -1;
2588 size++;
2589 break;
2590 default:
2591 relative = 0;
2592 break;
2593 }
2594
2595 /* Parse size */
2596 param = qemu_opts_create(&resize_options, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
2597 if (qemu_opt_set(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, size)) {
2598 /* Error message already printed when size parsing fails */
2599 ret = -1;
2600 qemu_opts_del(param);
2601 goto out;
2602 }
2603 n = qemu_opt_get_size(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, 0);
2604 qemu_opts_del(param);
2605
2606 bs = bdrv_new_open(filename, fmt, BDRV_O_FLAGS | BDRV_O_RDWR, true, quiet);
2607 if (!bs) {
2608 ret = -1;
2609 goto out;
2610 }
2611
2612 if (relative) {
2613 total_size = bdrv_getlength(bs) + n * relative;
2614 } else {
2615 total_size = n;
2616 }
2617 if (total_size <= 0) {
2618 error_report("New image size must be positive");
2619 ret = -1;
2620 goto out;
2621 }
2622
2623 ret = bdrv_truncate(bs, total_size);
2624 switch (ret) {
2625 case 0:
2626 qprintf(quiet, "Image resized.\n");
2627 break;
2628 case -ENOTSUP:
2629 error_report("This image does not support resize");
2630 break;
2631 case -EACCES:
2632 error_report("Image is read-only");
2633 break;
2634 default:
2635 error_report("Error resizing image (%d)", -ret);
2636 break;
2637 }
2638 out:
2639 if (bs) {
2640 bdrv_unref(bs);
2641 }
2642 if (ret) {
2643 return 1;
2644 }
2645 return 0;
2646 }
2647
2648 static int img_amend(int argc, char **argv)
2649 {
2650 int c, ret = 0;
2651 char *options = NULL;
2652 QEMUOptionParameter *create_options = NULL, *options_param = NULL;
2653 const char *fmt = NULL, *filename;
2654 bool quiet = false;
2655 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL;
2656
2657 for (;;) {
2658 c = getopt(argc, argv, "hqf:o:");
2659 if (c == -1) {
2660 break;
2661 }
2662
2663 switch (c) {
2664 case 'h':
2665 case '?':
2666 help();
2667 break;
2668 case 'o':
2669 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
2670 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
2671 ret = -1;
2672 goto out;
2673 }
2674 if (!options) {
2675 options = g_strdup(optarg);
2676 } else {
2677 char *old_options = options;
2678 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
2679 g_free(old_options);
2680 }
2681 break;
2682 case 'f':
2683 fmt = optarg;
2684 break;
2685 case 'q':
2686 quiet = true;
2687 break;
2688 }
2689 }
2690
2691 if (!options) {
2692 help();
2693 }
2694
2695 filename = (optind == argc - 1) ? argv[argc - 1] : NULL;
2696 if (fmt && has_help_option(options)) {
2697 /* If a format is explicitly specified (and possibly no filename is
2698 * given), print option help here */
2699 ret = print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
2700 goto out;
2701 }
2702
2703 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2704 help();
2705 }
2706
2707 bs = bdrv_new_open(filename, fmt, BDRV_O_FLAGS | BDRV_O_RDWR, true, quiet);
2708 if (!bs) {
2709 error_report("Could not open image '%s'", filename);
2710 ret = -1;
2711 goto out;
2712 }
2713
2714 fmt = bs->drv->format_name;
2715
2716 if (has_help_option(options)) {
2717 /* If the format was auto-detected, print option help here */
2718 ret = print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
2719 goto out;
2720 }
2721
2722 create_options = append_option_parameters(create_options,
2723 bs->drv->create_options);
2724 options_param = parse_option_parameters(options, create_options,
2725 options_param);
2726 if (options_param == NULL) {
2727 error_report("Invalid options for file format '%s'", fmt);
2728 ret = -1;
2729 goto out;
2730 }
2731
2732 ret = bdrv_amend_options(bs, options_param);
2733 if (ret < 0) {
2734 error_report("Error while amending options: %s", strerror(-ret));
2735 goto out;
2736 }
2737
2738 out:
2739 if (bs) {
2740 bdrv_unref(bs);
2741 }
2742 free_option_parameters(create_options);
2743 free_option_parameters(options_param);
2744 g_free(options);
2745
2746 if (ret) {
2747 return 1;
2748 }
2749 return 0;
2750 }
2751
2752 static const img_cmd_t img_cmds[] = {
2753 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
2754 { option, callback },
2755 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
2756 #undef DEF
2757 #undef GEN_DOCS
2758 { NULL, NULL, },
2759 };
2760
2761 int main(int argc, char **argv)
2762 {
2763 const img_cmd_t *cmd;
2764 const char *cmdname;
2765
2766 #ifdef CONFIG_POSIX
2767 signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
2768 #endif
2769
2770 error_set_progname(argv[0]);
2771 qemu_init_exec_dir(argv[0]);
2772
2773 qemu_init_main_loop();
2774 bdrv_init();
2775 if (argc < 2)
2776 help();
2777 cmdname = argv[1];
2778 argc--; argv++;
2779
2780 /* find the command */
2781 for(cmd = img_cmds; cmd->name != NULL; cmd++) {
2782 if (!strcmp(cmdname, cmd->name)) {
2783 return cmd->handler(argc, argv);
2784 }
2785 }
2786
2787 /* not found */
2788 help();
2789 return 0;
2790 }
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