qemu-io.c

   1 /*
   2  * Command line utility to exercise the QEMU I/O path.
   3  *
   4  * Copyright (C) 2009 Red Hat, Inc.
   5  * Copyright (c) 2003-2005 Silicon Graphics, Inc.
   6  *
   7  * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or later.
   8  * See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
   9  */
  10 #include <sys/time.h>
  11 #include <sys/types.h>
  12 #include <stdarg.h>
  13 #include <stdio.h>
  14 #include <getopt.h>
  15 #include <libgen.h>
  16
  17 #include "qemu-common.h"
  18 #include "block_int.h"
  19 #include "cmd.h"
  20
  21 #define VERSION "0.0.1"
  22
  23 #define CMD_NOFILE_OK   0x01
  24
  25 char *progname;
  26 static BlockDriverState *bs;
  27
  28 static int misalign;
  29
  30 /*
  31  * Parse the pattern argument to various sub-commands.
  32  *
  33  * Because the pattern is used as an argument to memset it must evaluate
  34  * to an unsigned integer that fits into a single byte.
  35  */
  36 static int parse_pattern(const char *arg)
  37 {
  38         char *endptr = NULL;
  39         long pattern;
  40
  41         pattern = strtol(arg, &endptr, 0);
  42         if (pattern < 0 || pattern > UCHAR_MAX || *endptr != '\0') {
  43                 printf("%s is not a valid pattern byte\n", arg);
  44                 return -1;
  45         }
  46
  47         return pattern;
  48 }
  49
  50 /*
  51  * Memory allocation helpers.
  52  *
  53  * Make sure memory is aligned by default, or purposefully misaligned if
  54  * that is specified on the command line.
  55  */
  56
  57 #define MISALIGN_OFFSET         16
  58 static void *qemu_io_alloc(size_t len, int pattern)
  59 {
  60         void *buf;
  61
  62         if (misalign)
  63                 len += MISALIGN_OFFSET;
  64         buf = qemu_memalign(512, len);
  65         memset(buf, pattern, len);
  66         if (misalign)
  67                 buf += MISALIGN_OFFSET;
  68         return buf;
  69 }
  70
  71 static void qemu_io_free(void *p)
  72 {
  73         if (misalign)
  74                 p -= MISALIGN_OFFSET;
  75         qemu_vfree(p);
  76 }
  77
  78 static void
  79 dump_buffer(const void *buffer, int64_t offset, int len)
  80 {
  81         int i, j;
  82         const uint8_t *p;
  83
  84         for (i = 0, p = buffer; i < len; i += 16) {
  85                 const uint8_t *s = p;
  86
  87                 printf("%08llx:  ", (unsigned long long)offset + i);
  88                 for (j = 0; j < 16 && i + j < len; j++, p++)
  89                         printf("%02x ", *p);
  90                 printf(" ");
  91                 for (j = 0; j < 16 && i + j < len; j++, s++) {
  92                         if (isalnum(*s))
  93                                 printf("%c", *s);
  94                         else
  95                                 printf(".");
  96                 }
  97                 printf("\n");
  98         }
  99 }
 100
 101 static void
 102 print_report(const char *op, struct timeval *t, int64_t offset,
 103                 int count, int total, int cnt, int Cflag)
 104 {
 105         char s1[64], s2[64], ts[64];
 106
 107         timestr(t, ts, sizeof(ts), Cflag ? VERBOSE_FIXED_TIME : 0);
 108         if (!Cflag) {
 109                 cvtstr((double)total, s1, sizeof(s1));
 110                 cvtstr(tdiv((double)total, *t), s2, sizeof(s2));
 111                 printf("%s %d/%d bytes at offset %lld\n",
 112                         op, total, count, (long long)offset);
 113                 printf("%s, %d ops; %s (%s/sec and %.4f ops/sec)\n",
 114                         s1, cnt, ts, s2, tdiv((double)cnt, *t));
 115         } else {/* bytes,ops,time,bytes/sec,ops/sec */
 116                 printf("%d,%d,%s,%.3f,%.3f\n",
 117                         total, cnt, ts,
 118                         tdiv((double)total, *t),
 119                         tdiv((double)cnt, *t));
 120         }
 121 }
 122
 123 /*
 124  * Parse multiple length statements for vectored I/O, and construct an I/O
 125  * vector matching it.
 126  */
 127 static void *
 128 create_iovec(QEMUIOVector *qiov, char **argv, int nr_iov, int pattern)
 129 {
 130         size_t *sizes = calloc(nr_iov, sizeof(size_t));
 131         size_t count = 0;
 132         void *buf = NULL;
 133         void *p;
 134         int i;
 135
 136         for (i = 0; i < nr_iov; i++) {
 137                 char *arg = argv[i];
 138                 long long len;
 139
 140                 len = cvtnum(arg);
 141                 if (len < 0) {
 142                         printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", arg);
 143                         goto fail;
 144                 }
 145
 146                 /* should be SIZE_T_MAX, but that doesn't exist */
 147                 if (len > UINT_MAX) {
 148                         printf("too large length argument -- %s\n", arg);
 149                         goto fail;
 150                 }
 151
 152                 if (len & 0x1ff) {
 153                         printf("length argument %lld is not sector aligned\n",
 154                                 len);
 155                         goto fail;
 156                 }
 157
 158                 sizes[i] = len;
 159                 count += len;
 160         }
 161
 162         qemu_iovec_init(qiov, nr_iov);
 163
 164         buf = p = qemu_io_alloc(count, pattern);
 165
 166         for (i = 0; i < nr_iov; i++) {
 167                 qemu_iovec_add(qiov, p, sizes[i]);
 168                 p += sizes[i];
 169         }
 170
 171 fail:
 172         free(sizes);
 173         return buf;
 174 }
 175
 176 static int do_read(char *buf, int64_t offset, int count, int *total)
 177 {
 178         int ret;
 179
 180         ret = bdrv_read(bs, offset >> 9, (uint8_t *)buf, count >> 9);
 181         if (ret < 0)
 182                 return ret;
 183         *total = count;
 184         return 1;
 185 }
 186
 187 static int do_write(char *buf, int64_t offset, int count, int *total)
 188 {
 189         int ret;
 190
 191         ret = bdrv_write(bs, offset >> 9, (uint8_t *)buf, count >> 9);
 192         if (ret < 0)
 193                 return ret;
 194         *total = count;
 195         return 1;
 196 }
 197
 198 static int do_pread(char *buf, int64_t offset, int count, int *total)
 199 {
 200         *total = bdrv_pread(bs, offset, (uint8_t *)buf, count);
 201         if (*total < 0)
 202                 return *total;
 203         return 1;
 204 }
 205
 206 static int do_pwrite(char *buf, int64_t offset, int count, int *total)
 207 {
 208         *total = bdrv_pwrite(bs, offset, (uint8_t *)buf, count);
 209         if (*total < 0)
 210                 return *total;
 211         return 1;
 212 }
 213
 214 static int do_load_vmstate(char *buf, int64_t offset, int count, int *total)
 215 {
 216         *total = bdrv_load_vmstate(bs, (uint8_t *)buf, offset, count);
 217         if (*total < 0)
 218                 return *total;
 219         return 1;
 220 }
 221
 222 static int do_save_vmstate(char *buf, int64_t offset, int count, int *total)
 223 {
 224         *total = bdrv_save_vmstate(bs, (uint8_t *)buf, offset, count);
 225         if (*total < 0)
 226                 return *total;
 227         return 1;
 228 }
 229
 230 #define NOT_DONE 0x7fffffff
 231 static void aio_rw_done(void *opaque, int ret)
 232 {
 233         *(int *)opaque = ret;
 234 }
 235
 236 static int do_aio_readv(QEMUIOVector *qiov, int64_t offset, int *total)
 237 {
 238         BlockDriverAIOCB *acb;
 239         int async_ret = NOT_DONE;
 240
 241         acb = bdrv_aio_readv(bs, offset >> 9, qiov, qiov->size >> 9,
 242                              aio_rw_done, &async_ret);
 243         if (!acb)
 244                 return -EIO;
 245
 246         while (async_ret == NOT_DONE)
 247                 qemu_aio_wait();
 248
 249         *total = qiov->size;
 250         return async_ret < 0 ? async_ret : 1;
 251 }
 252
 253 static int do_aio_writev(QEMUIOVector *qiov, int64_t offset, int *total)
 254 {
 255         BlockDriverAIOCB *acb;
 256         int async_ret = NOT_DONE;
 257
 258         acb = bdrv_aio_writev(bs, offset >> 9, qiov, qiov->size >> 9,
 259                               aio_rw_done, &async_ret);
 260         if (!acb)
 261                 return -EIO;
 262
 263         while (async_ret == NOT_DONE)
 264                 qemu_aio_wait();
 265
 266         *total = qiov->size;
 267         return async_ret < 0 ? async_ret : 1;
 268 }
 269
 270
 271 static void
 272 read_help(void)
 273 {
 274         printf(
 275 "\n"
 276 " reads a range of bytes from the given offset\n"
 277 "\n"
 278 " Example:\n"
 279 " 'read -v 512 1k' - dumps 1 kilobyte read from 512 bytes into the file\n"
 280 "\n"
 281 " Reads a segment of the currently open file, optionally dumping it to the\n"
 282 " standard output stream (with -v option) for subsequent inspection.\n"
 283 " -b, -- read from the VM state rather than the virtual disk\n"
 284 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
 285 " -l, -- length for pattern verification (only with -P)\n"
 286 " -p, -- use bdrv_pread to read the file\n"
 287 " -P, -- use a pattern to verify read data\n"
 288 " -q, -- quite mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
 289 " -s, -- start offset for pattern verification (only with -P)\n"
 290 " -v, -- dump buffer to standard output\n"
 291 "\n");
 292 }
 293
 294 static int read_f(int argc, char **argv);
 295
 296 static const cmdinfo_t read_cmd = {
 297         .name           = "read",
 298         .altname        = "r",
 299         .cfunc          = read_f,
 300         .argmin         = 2,
 301         .argmax         = -1,
 302         .args           = "[-abCpqv] [-P pattern [-s off] [-l len]] off len",
 303         .oneline        = "reads a number of bytes at a specified offset",
 304         .help           = read_help,
 305 };
 306
 307 static int
 308 read_f(int argc, char **argv)
 309 {
 310         struct timeval t1, t2;
 311         int Cflag = 0, pflag = 0, qflag = 0, vflag = 0;
 312         int Pflag = 0, sflag = 0, lflag = 0, bflag = 0;
 313         int c, cnt;
 314         char *buf;
 315         int64_t offset;
 316         int count;
 317         /* Some compilers get confused and warn if this is not initialized.  */
 318         int total = 0;
 319         int pattern = 0, pattern_offset = 0, pattern_count = 0;
 320
 321         while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "bCl:pP:qs:v")) != EOF) {
 322                 switch (c) {
 323                 case 'b':
 324                         bflag = 1;
 325                         break;
 326                 case 'C':
 327                         Cflag = 1;
 328                         break;
 329                 case 'l':
 330                         lflag = 1;
 331                         pattern_count = cvtnum(optarg);
 332                         if (pattern_count < 0) {
 333                                 printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", optarg);
 334                                 return 0;
 335                         }
 336                         break;
 337                 case 'p':
 338                         pflag = 1;
 339                         break;
 340                 case 'P':
 341                         Pflag = 1;
 342                         pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
 343                         if (pattern < 0)
 344                                 return 0;
 345                         break;
 346                 case 'q':
 347                         qflag = 1;
 348                         break;
 349                 case 's':
 350                         sflag = 1;
 351                         pattern_offset = cvtnum(optarg);
 352                         if (pattern_offset < 0) {
 353                                 printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", optarg);
 354                                 return 0;
 355                         }
 356                         break;
 357                 case 'v':
 358                         vflag = 1;
 359                         break;
 360                 default:
 361                         return command_usage(&read_cmd);
 362                 }
 363         }
 364
 365         if (optind != argc - 2)
 366                 return command_usage(&read_cmd);
 367
 368         if (bflag && pflag) {
 369                 printf("-b and -p cannot be specified at the same time\n");
 370                 return 0;
 371         }
 372
 373         offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
 374         if (offset < 0) {
 375                 printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", argv[optind]);
 376                 return 0;
 377         }
 378
 379         optind++;
 380         count = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
 381         if (count < 0) {
 382                 printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", argv[optind]);
 383                 return 0;
 384         }
 385
 386     if (!Pflag && (lflag || sflag)) {
 387         return command_usage(&read_cmd);
 388     }
 389
 390     if (!lflag) {
 391         pattern_count = count - pattern_offset;
 392     }
 393
 394     if ((pattern_count < 0) || (pattern_count + pattern_offset > count))  {
 395         printf("pattern verfication range exceeds end of read data\n");
 396         return 0;
 397     }
 398
 399         if (!pflag)
 400                 if (offset & 0x1ff) {
 401                         printf("offset %lld is not sector aligned\n",
 402                                 (long long)offset);
 403                         return 0;
 404
 405                 if (count & 0x1ff) {
 406                         printf("count %d is not sector aligned\n",
 407                                 count);
 408                         return 0;
 409                 }
 410         }
 411
 412         buf = qemu_io_alloc(count, 0xab);
 413
 414         gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
 415         if (pflag)
 416                 cnt = do_pread(buf, offset, count, &total);
 417         else if (bflag)
 418                 cnt = do_load_vmstate(buf, offset, count, &total);
 419         else
 420                 cnt = do_read(buf, offset, count, &total);
 421         gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
 422
 423         if (cnt < 0) {
 424                 printf("read failed: %s\n", strerror(-cnt));
 425                 goto out;
 426         }
 427
 428         if (Pflag) {
 429                 void* cmp_buf = malloc(pattern_count);
 430                 memset(cmp_buf, pattern, pattern_count);
 431                 if (memcmp(buf + pattern_offset, cmp_buf, pattern_count)) {
 432                         printf("Pattern verification failed at offset %lld, "
 433                                 "%d bytes\n",
 434                                 (long long) offset + pattern_offset, pattern_count);
 435                 }
 436                 free(cmp_buf);
 437         }
 438
 439         if (qflag)
 440                 goto out;
 441
 442         if (vflag)
 443                 dump_buffer(buf, offset, count);
 444
 445         /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
 446         t2 = tsub(t2, t1);
 447         print_report("read", &t2, offset, count, total, cnt, Cflag);
 448
 449 out:
 450         qemu_io_free(buf);
 451
 452         return 0;
 453 }
 454
 455 static void
 456 readv_help(void)
 457 {
 458         printf(
 459 "\n"
 460 " reads a range of bytes from the given offset into multiple buffers\n"
 461 "\n"
 462 " Example:\n"
 463 " 'readv -v 512 1k 1k ' - dumps 2 kilobytes read from 512 bytes into the file\n"
 464 "\n"
 465 " Reads a segment of the currently open file, optionally dumping it to the\n"
 466 " standard output stream (with -v option) for subsequent inspection.\n"
 467 " Uses multiple iovec buffers if more than one byte range is specified.\n"
 468 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
 469 " -P, -- use a pattern to verify read data\n"
 470 " -v, -- dump buffer to standard output\n"
 471 " -q, -- quite mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
 472 "\n");
 473 }
 474
 475 static int readv_f(int argc, char **argv);
 476
 477 static const cmdinfo_t readv_cmd = {
 478         .name           = "readv",
 479         .cfunc          = readv_f,
 480         .argmin         = 2,
 481         .argmax         = -1,
 482         .args           = "[-Cqv] [-P pattern ] off len [len..]",
 483         .oneline        = "reads a number of bytes at a specified offset",
 484         .help           = readv_help,
 485 };
 486
 487 static int
 488 readv_f(int argc, char **argv)
 489 {
 490         struct timeval t1, t2;
 491         int Cflag = 0, qflag = 0, vflag = 0;
 492         int c, cnt;
 493         char *buf;
 494         int64_t offset;
 495         /* Some compilers get confused and warn if this is not initialized.  */
 496         int total = 0;
 497         int nr_iov;
 498         QEMUIOVector qiov;
 499         int pattern = 0;
 500         int Pflag = 0;
 501
 502         while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "CP:qv")) != EOF) {
 503                 switch (c) {
 504                 case 'C':
 505                         Cflag = 1;
 506                         break;
 507                 case 'P':
 508                         Pflag = 1;
 509                         pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
 510                         if (pattern < 0)
 511                                 return 0;
 512                         break;
 513                 case 'q':
 514                         qflag = 1;
 515                         break;
 516                 case 'v':
 517                         vflag = 1;
 518                         break;
 519                 default:
 520                         return command_usage(&readv_cmd);
 521                 }
 522         }
 523
 524         if (optind > argc - 2)
 525                 return command_usage(&readv_cmd);
 526
 527
 528         offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
 529         if (offset < 0) {
 530                 printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", argv[optind]);
 531                 return 0;
 532         }
 533         optind++;
 534
 535         if (offset & 0x1ff) {
 536                 printf("offset %lld is not sector aligned\n",
 537                         (long long)offset);
 538                 return 0;
 539         }
 540
 541         nr_iov = argc - optind;
 542         buf = create_iovec(&qiov, &argv[optind], nr_iov, 0xab);
 543
 544         gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
 545         cnt = do_aio_readv(&qiov, offset, &total);
 546         gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
 547
 548         if (cnt < 0) {
 549                 printf("readv failed: %s\n", strerror(-cnt));
 550                 goto out;
 551         }
 552
 553         if (Pflag) {
 554                 void* cmp_buf = malloc(qiov.size);
 555                 memset(cmp_buf, pattern, qiov.size);
 556                 if (memcmp(buf, cmp_buf, qiov.size)) {
 557                         printf("Pattern verification failed at offset %lld, "
 558                                 "%zd bytes\n",
 559                                 (long long) offset, qiov.size);
 560                 }
 561                 free(cmp_buf);
 562         }
 563
 564         if (qflag)
 565                 goto out;
 566
 567         if (vflag)
 568                 dump_buffer(buf, offset, qiov.size);
 569
 570         /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
 571         t2 = tsub(t2, t1);
 572         print_report("read", &t2, offset, qiov.size, total, cnt, Cflag);
 573
 574 out:
 575         qemu_io_free(buf);
 576         return 0;
 577 }
 578
 579 static void
 580 write_help(void)
 581 {
 582         printf(
 583 "\n"
 584 " writes a range of bytes from the given offset\n"
 585 "\n"
 586 " Example:\n"
 587 " 'write 512 1k' - writes 1 kilobyte at 512 bytes into the open file\n"
 588 "\n"
 589 " Writes into a segment of the currently open file, using a buffer\n"
 590 " filled with a set pattern (0xcdcdcdcd).\n"
 591 " -b, -- write to the VM state rather than the virtual disk\n"
 592 " -p, -- use bdrv_pwrite to write the file\n"
 593 " -P, -- use different pattern to fill file\n"
 594 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
 595 " -q, -- quite mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
 596 "\n");
 597 }
 598
 599 static int write_f(int argc, char **argv);
 600
 601 static const cmdinfo_t write_cmd = {
 602         .name           = "write",
 603         .altname        = "w",
 604         .cfunc          = write_f,
 605         .argmin         = 2,
 606         .argmax         = -1,
 607         .args           = "[-abCpq] [-P pattern ] off len",
 608         .oneline        = "writes a number of bytes at a specified offset",
 609         .help           = write_help,
 610 };
 611
 612 static int
 613 write_f(int argc, char **argv)
 614 {
 615         struct timeval t1, t2;
 616         int Cflag = 0, pflag = 0, qflag = 0, bflag = 0;
 617         int c, cnt;
 618         char *buf;
 619         int64_t offset;
 620         int count;
 621         /* Some compilers get confused and warn if this is not initialized.  */
 622         int total = 0;
 623         int pattern = 0xcd;
 624
 625         while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "bCpP:q")) != EOF) {
 626                 switch (c) {
 627                 case 'b':
 628                         bflag = 1;
 629                         break;
 630                 case 'C':
 631                         Cflag = 1;
 632                         break;
 633                 case 'p':
 634                         pflag = 1;
 635                         break;
 636                 case 'P':
 637                         pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
 638                         if (pattern < 0)
 639                                 return 0;
 640                         break;
 641                 case 'q':
 642                         qflag = 1;
 643                         break;
 644                 default:
 645                         return command_usage(&write_cmd);
 646                 }
 647         }
 648
 649         if (optind != argc - 2)
 650                 return command_usage(&write_cmd);
 651
 652         if (bflag && pflag) {
 653                 printf("-b and -p cannot be specified at the same time\n");
 654                 return 0;
 655         }
 656
 657         offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
 658         if (offset < 0) {
 659                 printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", argv[optind]);
 660                 return 0;
 661         }
 662
 663         optind++;
 664         count = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
 665         if (count < 0) {
 666                 printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", argv[optind]);
 667                 return 0;
 668         }
 669
 670         if (!pflag) {
 671                 if (offset & 0x1ff) {
 672                         printf("offset %lld is not sector aligned\n",
 673                                 (long long)offset);
 674                         return 0;
 675                 }
 676
 677                 if (count & 0x1ff) {
 678                         printf("count %d is not sector aligned\n",
 679                                 count);
 680                         return 0;
 681                 }
 682         }
 683
 684         buf = qemu_io_alloc(count, pattern);
 685
 686         gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
 687         if (pflag)
 688                 cnt = do_pwrite(buf, offset, count, &total);
 689         else if (bflag)
 690                 cnt = do_save_vmstate(buf, offset, count, &total);
 691         else
 692                 cnt = do_write(buf, offset, count, &total);
 693         gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
 694
 695         if (cnt < 0) {
 696                 printf("write failed: %s\n", strerror(-cnt));
 697                 goto out;
 698         }
 699
 700         if (qflag)
 701                 goto out;
 702
 703         /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
 704         t2 = tsub(t2, t1);
 705         print_report("wrote", &t2, offset, count, total, cnt, Cflag);
 706
 707 out:
 708         qemu_io_free(buf);
 709
 710         return 0;
 711 }
 712
 713 static void
 714 writev_help(void)
 715 {
 716         printf(
 717 "\n"
 718 " writes a range of bytes from the given offset source from multiple buffers\n"
 719 "\n"
 720 " Example:\n"
 721 " 'write 512 1k 1k' - writes 2 kilobytes at 512 bytes into the open file\n"
 722 "\n"
 723 " Writes into a segment of the currently open file, using a buffer\n"
 724 " filled with a set pattern (0xcdcdcdcd).\n"
 725 " -P, -- use different pattern to fill file\n"
 726 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
 727 " -q, -- quite mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
 728 "\n");
 729 }
 730
 731 static int writev_f(int argc, char **argv);
 732
 733 static const cmdinfo_t writev_cmd = {
 734         .name           = "writev",
 735         .cfunc          = writev_f,
 736         .argmin         = 2,
 737         .argmax         = -1,
 738         .args           = "[-Cq] [-P pattern ] off len [len..]",
 739         .oneline        = "writes a number of bytes at a specified offset",
 740         .help           = writev_help,
 741 };
 742
 743 static int
 744 writev_f(int argc, char **argv)
 745 {
 746         struct timeval t1, t2;
 747         int Cflag = 0, qflag = 0;
 748         int c, cnt;
 749         char *buf;
 750         int64_t offset;
 751         /* Some compilers get confused and warn if this is not initialized.  */
 752         int total = 0;
 753         int nr_iov;
 754         int pattern = 0xcd;
 755         QEMUIOVector qiov;
 756
 757         while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "CqP:")) != EOF) {
 758                 switch (c) {
 759                 case 'C':
 760                         Cflag = 1;
 761                         break;
 762                 case 'q':
 763                         qflag = 1;
 764                         break;
 765                 case 'P':
 766                         pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
 767                         if (pattern < 0)
 768                                 return 0;
 769                         break;
 770                 default:
 771                         return command_usage(&writev_cmd);
 772                 }
 773         }
 774
 775         if (optind > argc - 2)
 776                 return command_usage(&writev_cmd);
 777
 778         offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
 779         if (offset < 0) {
 780                 printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", argv[optind]);
 781                 return 0;
 782         }
 783         optind++;
 784
 785         if (offset & 0x1ff) {
 786                 printf("offset %lld is not sector aligned\n",
 787                         (long long)offset);
 788                 return 0;
 789         }
 790
 791         nr_iov = argc - optind;
 792         buf = create_iovec(&qiov, &argv[optind], nr_iov, pattern);
 793
 794         gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
 795         cnt = do_aio_writev(&qiov, offset, &total);
 796         gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
 797
 798         if (cnt < 0) {
 799                 printf("writev failed: %s\n", strerror(-cnt));
 800                 goto out;
 801         }
 802
 803         if (qflag)
 804                 goto out;
 805
 806         /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
 807         t2 = tsub(t2, t1);
 808         print_report("wrote", &t2, offset, qiov.size, total, cnt, Cflag);
 809 out:
 810         qemu_io_free(buf);
 811         return 0;
 812 }
 813
 814 struct aio_ctx {
 815         QEMUIOVector qiov;
 816         int64_t offset;
 817         char *buf;
 818         int qflag;
 819         int vflag;
 820         int Cflag;
 821         int Pflag;
 822         int pattern;
 823         struct timeval t1;
 824 };
 825
 826 static void
 827 aio_write_done(void *opaque, int ret)
 828 {
 829         struct aio_ctx *ctx = opaque;
 830         struct timeval t2;
 831
 832         gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
 833
 834
 835         if (ret < 0) {
 836                 printf("aio_write failed: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
 837                 goto out;
 838         }
 839
 840         if (ctx->qflag) {
 841                 goto out;
 842         }
 843
 844         /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
 845         t2 = tsub(t2, ctx->t1);
 846         print_report("wrote", &t2, ctx->offset, ctx->qiov.size,
 847                      ctx->qiov.size, 1, ctx->Cflag);
 848 out:
 849         qemu_io_free(ctx->buf);
 850         free(ctx);
 851 }
 852
 853 static void
 854 aio_read_done(void *opaque, int ret)
 855 {
 856         struct aio_ctx *ctx = opaque;
 857         struct timeval t2;
 858
 859         gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
 860
 861         if (ret < 0) {
 862                 printf("readv failed: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
 863                 goto out;
 864         }
 865
 866         if (ctx->Pflag) {
 867                 void *cmp_buf = malloc(ctx->qiov.size);
 868
 869                 memset(cmp_buf, ctx->pattern, ctx->qiov.size);
 870                 if (memcmp(ctx->buf, cmp_buf, ctx->qiov.size)) {
 871                         printf("Pattern verification failed at offset %lld, "
 872                                 "%zd bytes\n",
 873                                 (long long) ctx->offset, ctx->qiov.size);
 874                 }
 875                 free(cmp_buf);
 876         }
 877
 878         if (ctx->qflag) {
 879                 goto out;
 880         }
 881
 882         if (ctx->vflag) {
 883                 dump_buffer(ctx->buf, ctx->offset, ctx->qiov.size);
 884         }
 885
 886         /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
 887         t2 = tsub(t2, ctx->t1);
 888         print_report("read", &t2, ctx->offset, ctx->qiov.size,
 889                      ctx->qiov.size, 1, ctx->Cflag);
 890 out:
 891         qemu_io_free(ctx->buf);
 892         free(ctx);
 893 }
 894
 895 static void
 896 aio_read_help(void)
 897 {
 898         printf(
 899 "\n"
 900 " asynchronously reads a range of bytes from the given offset\n"
 901 "\n"
 902 " Example:\n"
 903 " 'aio_read -v 512 1k 1k ' - dumps 2 kilobytes read from 512 bytes into the file\n"
 904 "\n"
 905 " Reads a segment of the currently open file, optionally dumping it to the\n"
 906 " standard output stream (with -v option) for subsequent inspection.\n"
 907 " The read is performed asynchronously and should the aio_flush command \n"
 908 " should be used to ensure all outstanding aio requests have been completed\n"
 909 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
 910 " -P, -- use a pattern to verify read data\n"
 911 " -v, -- dump buffer to standard output\n"
 912 " -q, -- quite mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
 913 "\n");
 914 }
 915
 916 static int aio_read_f(int argc, char **argv);
 917
 918 static const cmdinfo_t aio_read_cmd = {
 919         .name           = "aio_read",
 920         .cfunc          = aio_read_f,
 921         .argmin         = 2,
 922         .argmax         = -1,
 923         .args           = "[-Cqv] [-P pattern ] off len [len..]",
 924         .oneline        = "asynchronously reads a number of bytes",
 925         .help           = aio_read_help,
 926 };
 927
 928 static int
 929 aio_read_f(int argc, char **argv)
 930 {
 931         int nr_iov, c;
 932         struct aio_ctx *ctx = calloc(1, sizeof(struct aio_ctx));
 933         BlockDriverAIOCB *acb;
 934
 935         while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "CP:qv")) != EOF) {
 936                 switch (c) {
 937                 case 'C':
 938                         ctx->Cflag = 1;
 939                         break;
 940                 case 'P':
 941                         ctx->Pflag = 1;
 942                         ctx->pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
 943                         if (ctx->pattern < 0)
 944                                 return 0;
 945                         break;
 946                 case 'q':
 947                         ctx->qflag = 1;
 948                         break;
 949                 case 'v':
 950                         ctx->vflag = 1;
 951                         break;
 952                 default:
 953                         free(ctx);
 954                         return command_usage(&aio_read_cmd);
 955                 }
 956         }
 957
 958         if (optind > argc - 2) {
 959                 free(ctx);
 960                 return command_usage(&aio_read_cmd);
 961         }
 962
 963         ctx->offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
 964         if (ctx->offset < 0) {
 965                 printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", argv[optind]);
 966                 free(ctx);
 967                 return 0;
 968         }
 969         optind++;
 970
 971         if (ctx->offset & 0x1ff) {
 972                 printf("offset %lld is not sector aligned\n",
 973                         (long long)ctx->offset);
 974                 free(ctx);
 975                 return 0;
 976         }
 977
 978         nr_iov = argc - optind;
 979         ctx->buf = create_iovec(&ctx->qiov, &argv[optind], nr_iov, 0xab);
 980
 981         gettimeofday(&ctx->t1, NULL);
 982         acb = bdrv_aio_readv(bs, ctx->offset >> 9, &ctx->qiov,
 983                               ctx->qiov.size >> 9, aio_read_done, ctx);
 984         if (!acb) {
 985                 free(ctx->buf);
 986                 free(ctx);
 987                 return -EIO;
 988         }
 989
 990         return 0;
 991 }
 992
 993 static void
 994 aio_write_help(void)
 995 {
 996         printf(
 997 "\n"
 998 " asynchronously writes a range of bytes from the given offset source \n"
 999 " from multiple buffers\n"
1000 "\n"
1001 " Example:\n"
1002 " 'aio_write 512 1k 1k' - writes 2 kilobytes at 512 bytes into the open file\n"
1003 "\n"
1004 " Writes into a segment of the currently open file, using a buffer\n"
1005 " filled with a set pattern (0xcdcdcdcd).\n"
1006 " The write is performed asynchronously and should the aio_flush command \n"
1007 " should be used to ensure all outstanding aio requests have been completed\n"
1008 " -P, -- use different pattern to fill file\n"
1009 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
1010 " -q, -- quite mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
1011 "\n");
1012 }
1013
1014 static int aio_write_f(int argc, char **argv);
1015
1016 static const cmdinfo_t aio_write_cmd = {
1017         .name           = "aio_write",
1018         .cfunc          = aio_write_f,
1019         .argmin         = 2,
1020         .argmax         = -1,
1021         .args           = "[-Cq] [-P pattern ] off len [len..]",
1022         .oneline        = "asynchronously writes a number of bytes",
1023         .help           = aio_write_help,
1024 };
1025
1026 static int
1027 aio_write_f(int argc, char **argv)
1028 {
1029         int nr_iov, c;
1030         int pattern = 0xcd;
1031         struct aio_ctx *ctx = calloc(1, sizeof(struct aio_ctx));
1032         BlockDriverAIOCB *acb;
1033
1034         while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "CqP:")) != EOF) {
1035                 switch (c) {
1036                 case 'C':
1037                         ctx->Cflag = 1;
1038                         break;
1039                 case 'q':
1040                         ctx->qflag = 1;
1041                         break;
1042                 case 'P':
1043                         pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
1044                         if (pattern < 0)
1045                                 return 0;
1046                         break;
1047                 default:
1048                         free(ctx);
1049                         return command_usage(&aio_write_cmd);
1050                 }
1051         }
1052
1053         if (optind > argc - 2) {
1054                 free(ctx);
1055                 return command_usage(&aio_write_cmd);
1056         }
1057
1058         ctx->offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
1059         if (ctx->offset < 0) {
1060                 printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", argv[optind]);
1061                 free(ctx);
1062                 return 0;
1063         }
1064         optind++;
1065
1066         if (ctx->offset & 0x1ff) {
1067                 printf("offset %lld is not sector aligned\n",
1068                         (long long)ctx->offset);
1069                 free(ctx);
1070                 return 0;
1071         }
1072
1073         nr_iov = argc - optind;
1074         ctx->buf = create_iovec(&ctx->qiov, &argv[optind], nr_iov, pattern);
1075
1076         gettimeofday(&ctx->t1, NULL);
1077         acb = bdrv_aio_writev(bs, ctx->offset >> 9, &ctx->qiov,
1078                               ctx->qiov.size >> 9, aio_write_done, ctx);
1079         if (!acb) {
1080                 free(ctx->buf);
1081                 free(ctx);
1082                 return -EIO;
1083         }
1084
1085         return 0;
1086 }
1087
1088 static int
1089 aio_flush_f(int argc, char **argv)
1090 {
1091         qemu_aio_flush();
1092         return 0;
1093 }
1094
1095 static const cmdinfo_t aio_flush_cmd = {
1096         .name           = "aio_flush",
1097         .cfunc          = aio_flush_f,
1098         .oneline        = "completes all outstanding aio requets"
1099 };
1100
1101 static int
1102 flush_f(int argc, char **argv)
1103 {
1104         bdrv_flush(bs);
1105         return 0;
1106 }
1107
1108 static const cmdinfo_t flush_cmd = {
1109         .name           = "flush",
1110         .altname        = "f",
1111         .cfunc          = flush_f,
1112         .oneline        = "flush all in-core file state to disk",
1113 };
1114
1115 static int
1116 truncate_f(int argc, char **argv)
1117 {
1118         int64_t offset;
1119         int ret;
1120
1121         offset = cvtnum(argv[1]);
1122         if (offset < 0) {
1123                 printf("non-numeric truncate argument -- %s\n", argv[1]);
1124                 return 0;
1125         }
1126
1127         ret = bdrv_truncate(bs, offset);
1128         if (ret < 0) {
1129                 printf("truncate: %s", strerror(ret));
1130                 return 0;
1131         }
1132
1133         return 0;
1134 }
1135
1136 static const cmdinfo_t truncate_cmd = {
1137         .name           = "truncate",
1138         .altname        = "t",
1139         .cfunc          = truncate_f,
1140         .argmin         = 1,
1141         .argmax         = 1,
1142         .args           = "off",
1143         .oneline        = "truncates the current file at the given offset",
1144 };
1145
1146 static int
1147 length_f(int argc, char **argv)
1148 {
1149         int64_t size;
1150         char s1[64];
1151
1152         size = bdrv_getlength(bs);
1153         if (size < 0) {
1154                 printf("getlength: %s", strerror(size));
1155                 return 0;
1156         }
1157
1158         cvtstr(size, s1, sizeof(s1));
1159         printf("%s\n", s1);
1160         return 0;
1161 }
1162
1163
1164 static const cmdinfo_t length_cmd = {
1165         .name           = "length",
1166         .altname        = "l",
1167         .cfunc          = length_f,
1168         .oneline        = "gets the length of the current file",
1169 };
1170
1171
1172 static int
1173 info_f(int argc, char **argv)
1174 {
1175         BlockDriverInfo bdi;
1176         char s1[64], s2[64];
1177         int ret;
1178
1179         if (bs->drv && bs->drv->format_name)
1180                 printf("format name: %s\n", bs->drv->format_name);
1181         if (bs->drv && bs->drv->protocol_name)
1182                 printf("format name: %s\n", bs->drv->protocol_name);
1183
1184         ret = bdrv_get_info(bs, &bdi);
1185         if (ret)
1186                 return 0;
1187
1188         cvtstr(bdi.cluster_size, s1, sizeof(s1));
1189         cvtstr(bdi.vm_state_offset, s2, sizeof(s2));
1190
1191         printf("cluster size: %s\n", s1);
1192         printf("vm state offset: %s\n", s2);
1193
1194         return 0;
1195 }
1196
1197
1198
1199 static const cmdinfo_t info_cmd = {
1200         .name           = "info",
1201         .altname        = "i",
1202         .cfunc          = info_f,
1203         .oneline        = "prints information about the current file",
1204 };
1205
1206 static int
1207 alloc_f(int argc, char **argv)
1208 {
1209         int64_t offset;
1210         int nb_sectors, remaining;
1211         char s1[64];
1212         int num, sum_alloc;
1213         int ret;
1214
1215         offset = cvtnum(argv[1]);
1216         if (offset & 0x1ff) {
1217                 printf("offset %lld is not sector aligned\n",
1218                         (long long)offset);
1219                 return 0;
1220         }
1221
1222         if (argc == 3)
1223                 nb_sectors = cvtnum(argv[2]);
1224         else
1225                 nb_sectors = 1;
1226
1227         remaining = nb_sectors;
1228         sum_alloc = 0;
1229         while (remaining) {
1230                 ret = bdrv_is_allocated(bs, offset >> 9, nb_sectors, &num);
1231                 remaining -= num;
1232                 if (ret) {
1233                         sum_alloc += num;
1234                 }
1235         }
1236
1237         cvtstr(offset, s1, sizeof(s1));
1238
1239         if (nb_sectors == 1)
1240                 printf("sector allocated at offset %s\n", s1);
1241         else
1242                 printf("%d/%d sectors allocated at offset %s\n",
1243                         sum_alloc, nb_sectors, s1);
1244         return 0;
1245 }
1246
1247 static const cmdinfo_t alloc_cmd = {
1248         .name           = "alloc",
1249         .altname        = "a",
1250         .argmin         = 1,
1251         .argmax         = 2,
1252         .cfunc          = alloc_f,
1253         .args           = "off [sectors]",
1254         .oneline        = "checks if a sector is present in the file",
1255 };
1256
1257 static int
1258 close_f(int argc, char **argv)
1259 {
1260         bdrv_close(bs);
1261         bs = NULL;
1262         return 0;
1263 }
1264
1265 static const cmdinfo_t close_cmd = {
1266         .name           = "close",
1267         .altname        = "c",
1268         .cfunc          = close_f,
1269         .oneline        = "close the current open file",
1270 };
1271
1272 static int openfile(char *name, int flags, int growable)
1273 {
1274         if (bs) {
1275                 fprintf(stderr, "file open already, try 'help close'\n");
1276                 return 1;
1277         }
1278
1279         bs = bdrv_new("hda");
1280         if (!bs)
1281                 return 1;
1282
1283         if (growable) {
1284                 flags |= BDRV_O_FILE;
1285         }
1286
1287         if (bdrv_open(bs, name, flags) == -1) {
1288                 fprintf(stderr, "%s: can't open device %s\n", progname, name);
1289                 bs = NULL;
1290                 return 1;
1291         }
1292
1293         if (growable) {
1294                 bs->growable = 1;
1295         }
1296         return 0;
1297 }
1298
1299 static void
1300 open_help(void)
1301 {
1302         printf(
1303 "\n"
1304 " opens a new file in the requested mode\n"
1305 "\n"
1306 " Example:\n"
1307 " 'open -Cn /tmp/data' - creates/opens data file read-write and uncached\n"
1308 "\n"
1309 " Opens a file for subsequent use by all of the other qemu-io commands.\n"
1310 " -r, -- open file read-only\n"
1311 " -s, -- use snapshot file\n"
1312 " -n, -- disable host cache\n"
1313 " -g, -- allow file to grow (only applies to protocols)"
1314 "\n");
1315 }
1316
1317 static int open_f(int argc, char **argv);
1318
1319 static const cmdinfo_t open_cmd = {
1320         .name           = "open",
1321         .altname        = "o",
1322         .cfunc          = open_f,
1323         .argmin         = 1,
1324         .argmax         = -1,
1325         .flags          = CMD_NOFILE_OK,
1326         .args           = "[-Crsn] [path]",
1327         .oneline        = "open the file specified by path",
1328         .help           = open_help,
1329 };
1330
1331 static int
1332 open_f(int argc, char **argv)
1333 {
1334         int flags = 0;
1335         int readonly = 0;
1336         int growable = 0;
1337         int c;
1338
1339         while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "snrg")) != EOF) {
1340                 switch (c) {
1341                 case 's':
1342                         flags |= BDRV_O_SNAPSHOT;
1343                         break;
1344                 case 'n':
1345                         flags |= BDRV_O_NOCACHE;
1346                         break;
1347                 case 'r':
1348                         readonly = 1;
1349                         break;
1350                 case 'g':
1351                         growable = 1;
1352                         break;
1353                 default:
1354                         return command_usage(&open_cmd);
1355                 }
1356         }
1357
1358         if (!readonly) {
1359             flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
1360         }
1361
1362         if (optind != argc - 1)
1363                 return command_usage(&open_cmd);
1364
1365         return openfile(argv[optind], flags, growable);
1366 }
1367
1368 static int
1369 init_args_command(
1370         int     index)
1371 {
1372         /* only one device allowed so far */
1373         if (index >= 1)
1374                 return 0;
1375         return ++index;
1376 }
1377
1378 static int
1379 init_check_command(
1380         const cmdinfo_t *ct)
1381 {
1382         if (ct->flags & CMD_FLAG_GLOBAL)
1383                 return 1;
1384         if (!(ct->flags & CMD_NOFILE_OK) && !bs) {
1385                 fprintf(stderr, "no file open, try 'help open'\n");
1386                 return 0;
1387         }
1388         return 1;
1389 }
1390
1391 static void usage(const char *name)
1392 {
1393         printf(
1394 "Usage: %s [-h] [-V] [-rsnm] [-c cmd] ... [file]\n"
1395 "QEMU Disk exerciser\n"
1396 "\n"
1397 "  -c, --cmd            command to execute\n"
1398 "  -r, --read-only      export read-only\n"
1399 "  -s, --snapshot       use snapshot file\n"
1400 "  -n, --nocache        disable host cache\n"
1401 "  -g, --growable       allow file to grow (only applies to protocols)\n"
1402 "  -m, --misalign       misalign allocations for O_DIRECT\n"
1403 "  -k, --native-aio     use kernel AIO implementation (on Linux only)\n"
1404 "  -h, --help           display this help and exit\n"
1405 "  -V, --version        output version information and exit\n"
1406 "\n",
1407         name);
1408 }
1409
1410
1411 int main(int argc, char **argv)
1412 {
1413         int readonly = 0;
1414         int growable = 0;
1415         const char *sopt = "hVc:rsnmgk";
1416         const struct option lopt[] = {
1417                 { "help", 0, NULL, 'h' },
1418                 { "version", 0, NULL, 'V' },
1419                 { "offset", 1, NULL, 'o' },
1420                 { "cmd", 1, NULL, 'c' },
1421                 { "read-only", 0, NULL, 'r' },
1422                 { "snapshot", 0, NULL, 's' },
1423                 { "nocache", 0, NULL, 'n' },
1424                 { "misalign", 0, NULL, 'm' },
1425                 { "growable", 0, NULL, 'g' },
1426                 { "native-aio", 0, NULL, 'k' },
1427                 { NULL, 0, NULL, 0 }
1428         };
1429         int c;
1430         int opt_index = 0;
1431         int flags = 0;
1432
1433         progname = basename(argv[0]);
1434
1435         while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, sopt, lopt, &opt_index)) != -1) {
1436                 switch (c) {
1437                 case 's':
1438                         flags |= BDRV_O_SNAPSHOT;
1439                         break;
1440                 case 'n':
1441                         flags |= BDRV_O_NOCACHE;
1442                         break;
1443                 case 'c':
1444                         add_user_command(optarg);
1445                         break;
1446                 case 'r':
1447                         readonly = 1;
1448                         break;
1449                 case 'm':
1450                         misalign = 1;
1451                         break;
1452                 case 'g':
1453                         growable = 1;
1454                         break;
1455                 case 'k':
1456                         flags |= BDRV_O_NATIVE_AIO;
1457                         break;
1458                 case 'V':
1459                         printf("%s version %s\n", progname, VERSION);
1460                         exit(0);
1461                 case 'h':
1462                         usage(progname);
1463                         exit(0);
1464                 default:
1465                         usage(progname);
1466                         exit(1);
1467                 }
1468         }
1469
1470         if ((argc - optind) > 1) {
1471                 usage(progname);
1472                 exit(1);
1473         }
1474
1475         bdrv_init();
1476
1477         /* initialize commands */
1478         quit_init();
1479         help_init();
1480         add_command(&open_cmd);
1481         add_command(&close_cmd);
1482         add_command(&read_cmd);
1483         add_command(&readv_cmd);
1484         add_command(&write_cmd);
1485         add_command(&writev_cmd);
1486         add_command(&aio_read_cmd);
1487         add_command(&aio_write_cmd);
1488         add_command(&aio_flush_cmd);
1489         add_command(&flush_cmd);
1490         add_command(&truncate_cmd);
1491         add_command(&length_cmd);
1492         add_command(&info_cmd);
1493         add_command(&alloc_cmd);
1494
1495         add_args_command(init_args_command);
1496         add_check_command(init_check_command);
1497
1498         /* open the device */
1499         if (!readonly) {
1500             flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
1501         }
1502
1503         if ((argc - optind) == 1)
1504                 openfile(argv[optind], flags, growable);
1505         command_loop();
1506
1507         /*
1508          * Make sure all outstanding requests get flushed the program exits.
1509          */
1510         qemu_aio_flush();
1511
1512         if (bs)
1513                 bdrv_close(bs);
1514         return 0;
1515 }