2 * QEMU disk image utility
4 * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
6 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
13 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
16 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
24 #include "qapi-visit.h"
25 #include "qapi/qmp-output-visitor.h"
26 #include "qapi/qmp/qjson.h"
27 #include "qemu-common.h"
28 #include "qemu/option.h"
29 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
30 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
31 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
32 #include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
33 #include "block/block_int.h"
34 #include "block/blockjob.h"
35 #include "block/qapi.h"
38 #define QEMU_IMG_VERSION "qemu-img version " QEMU_VERSION QEMU_PKGVERSION \
39 ", Copyright (c) 2004-2008 Fabrice Bellard\n"
41 typedef struct img_cmd_t
{
43 int (*handler
)(int argc
, char **argv
);
48 OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN
= 257,
51 typedef enum OutputFormat
{
56 /* Default to cache=writeback as data integrity is not important for qemu-tcg. */
57 #define BDRV_O_FLAGS BDRV_O_CACHE_WB
58 #define BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE "writeback"
60 static void format_print(void *opaque
, const char *name
)
65 static void QEMU_NORETURN
GCC_FMT_ATTR(1, 2) error_exit(const char *fmt
, ...)
69 error_printf("qemu-img: ");
72 error_vprintf(fmt
, ap
);
75 error_printf("\nTry 'qemu-img --help' for more information\n");
79 /* Please keep in synch with qemu-img.texi */
80 static void QEMU_NORETURN
help(void)
82 const char *help_msg
=
84 "usage: qemu-img command [command options]\n"
85 "QEMU disk image utility\n"
88 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
90 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
94 "Command parameters:\n"
95 " 'filename' is a disk image filename\n"
96 " 'fmt' is the disk image format. It is guessed automatically in most cases\n"
97 " 'cache' is the cache mode used to write the output disk image, the valid\n"
98 " options are: 'none', 'writeback' (default, except for convert), 'writethrough',\n"
99 " 'directsync' and 'unsafe' (default for convert)\n"
100 " 'src_cache' is the cache mode used to read input disk images, the valid\n"
101 " options are the same as for the 'cache' option\n"
102 " 'size' is the disk image size in bytes. Optional suffixes\n"
103 " 'k' or 'K' (kilobyte, 1024), 'M' (megabyte, 1024k), 'G' (gigabyte, 1024M),\n"
104 " 'T' (terabyte, 1024G), 'P' (petabyte, 1024T) and 'E' (exabyte, 1024P) are\n"
105 " supported. 'b' is ignored.\n"
106 " 'output_filename' is the destination disk image filename\n"
107 " 'output_fmt' is the destination format\n"
108 " 'options' is a comma separated list of format specific options in a\n"
109 " name=value format. Use -o ? for an overview of the options supported by the\n"
111 " 'snapshot_param' is param used for internal snapshot, format\n"
112 " is 'snapshot.id=[ID],snapshot.name=[NAME]', or\n"
114 " 'snapshot_id_or_name' is deprecated, use 'snapshot_param'\n"
116 " '-c' indicates that target image must be compressed (qcow format only)\n"
117 " '-u' enables unsafe rebasing. It is assumed that old and new backing file\n"
118 " match exactly. The image doesn't need a working backing file before\n"
119 " rebasing in this case (useful for renaming the backing file)\n"
120 " '-h' with or without a command shows this help and lists the supported formats\n"
121 " '-p' show progress of command (only certain commands)\n"
122 " '-q' use Quiet mode - do not print any output (except errors)\n"
123 " '-S' indicates the consecutive number of bytes (defaults to 4k) that must\n"
124 " contain only zeros for qemu-img to create a sparse image during\n"
125 " conversion. If the number of bytes is 0, the source will not be scanned for\n"
126 " unallocated or zero sectors, and the destination image will always be\n"
128 " '--output' takes the format in which the output must be done (human or json)\n"
129 " '-n' skips the target volume creation (useful if the volume is created\n"
130 " prior to running qemu-img)\n"
132 "Parameters to check subcommand:\n"
133 " '-r' tries to repair any inconsistencies that are found during the check.\n"
134 " '-r leaks' repairs only cluster leaks, whereas '-r all' fixes all\n"
135 " kinds of errors, with a higher risk of choosing the wrong fix or\n"
136 " hiding corruption that has already occurred.\n"
138 "Parameters to snapshot subcommand:\n"
139 " 'snapshot' is the name of the snapshot to create, apply or delete\n"
140 " '-a' applies a snapshot (revert disk to saved state)\n"
141 " '-c' creates a snapshot\n"
142 " '-d' deletes a snapshot\n"
143 " '-l' lists all snapshots in the given image\n"
145 "Parameters to compare subcommand:\n"
146 " '-f' first image format\n"
147 " '-F' second image format\n"
148 " '-s' run in Strict mode - fail on different image size or sector allocation\n";
150 printf("%s\nSupported formats:", help_msg
);
151 bdrv_iterate_format(format_print
, NULL
);
156 static int GCC_FMT_ATTR(2, 3) qprintf(bool quiet
, const char *fmt
, ...)
162 ret
= vprintf(fmt
, args
);
169 static int print_block_option_help(const char *filename
, const char *fmt
)
171 BlockDriver
*drv
, *proto_drv
;
172 QemuOptsList
*create_opts
= NULL
;
173 Error
*local_err
= NULL
;
175 /* Find driver and parse its options */
176 drv
= bdrv_find_format(fmt
);
178 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt
);
182 create_opts
= qemu_opts_append(create_opts
, drv
->create_opts
);
184 proto_drv
= bdrv_find_protocol(filename
, true, &local_err
);
186 error_report_err(local_err
);
187 qemu_opts_free(create_opts
);
190 create_opts
= qemu_opts_append(create_opts
, proto_drv
->create_opts
);
193 qemu_opts_print_help(create_opts
);
194 qemu_opts_free(create_opts
);
198 static BlockBackend
*img_open(const char *id
, const char *filename
,
199 const char *fmt
, int flags
,
200 bool require_io
, bool quiet
)
203 BlockDriverState
*bs
;
205 Error
*local_err
= NULL
;
206 QDict
*options
= NULL
;
209 options
= qdict_new();
210 qdict_put(options
, "driver", qstring_from_str(fmt
));
213 blk
= blk_new_open(id
, filename
, NULL
, options
, flags
, &local_err
);
215 error_report("Could not open '%s': %s", filename
,
216 error_get_pretty(local_err
));
217 error_free(local_err
);
222 if (bdrv_is_encrypted(bs
) && require_io
) {
223 qprintf(quiet
, "Disk image '%s' is encrypted.\n", filename
);
224 if (qemu_read_password(password
, sizeof(password
)) < 0) {
225 error_report("No password given");
228 if (bdrv_set_key(bs
, password
) < 0) {
229 error_report("invalid password");
239 static int add_old_style_options(const char *fmt
, QemuOpts
*opts
,
240 const char *base_filename
,
241 const char *base_fmt
)
246 qemu_opt_set(opts
, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE
, base_filename
, &err
);
248 error_report("Backing file not supported for file format '%s'",
255 qemu_opt_set(opts
, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FMT
, base_fmt
, &err
);
257 error_report("Backing file format not supported for file "
266 static int img_create(int argc
, char **argv
)
269 uint64_t img_size
= -1;
270 const char *fmt
= "raw";
271 const char *base_fmt
= NULL
;
272 const char *filename
;
273 const char *base_filename
= NULL
;
274 char *options
= NULL
;
275 Error
*local_err
= NULL
;
279 c
= getopt(argc
, argv
, "F:b:f:he6o:q");
292 base_filename
= optarg
;
298 error_report("option -e is deprecated, please use \'-o "
299 "encryption\' instead!");
302 error_report("option -6 is deprecated, please use \'-o "
303 "compat6\' instead!");
306 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg
)) {
307 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg
);
311 options
= g_strdup(optarg
);
313 char *old_options
= options
;
314 options
= g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options
, optarg
);
324 /* Get the filename */
325 filename
= (optind
< argc
) ? argv
[optind
] : NULL
;
326 if (options
&& has_help_option(options
)) {
328 return print_block_option_help(filename
, fmt
);
331 if (optind
>= argc
) {
332 error_exit("Expecting image file name");
336 /* Get image size, if specified */
340 sval
= strtosz_suffix(argv
[optind
++], &end
, STRTOSZ_DEFSUFFIX_B
);
341 if (sval
< 0 || *end
) {
342 if (sval
== -ERANGE
) {
343 error_report("Image size must be less than 8 EiB!");
345 error_report("Invalid image size specified! You may use k, M, "
346 "G, T, P or E suffixes for ");
347 error_report("kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, "
348 "petabytes and exabytes.");
352 img_size
= (uint64_t)sval
;
354 if (optind
!= argc
) {
355 error_exit("Unexpected argument: %s", argv
[optind
]);
358 bdrv_img_create(filename
, fmt
, base_filename
, base_fmt
,
359 options
, img_size
, BDRV_O_FLAGS
, &local_err
, quiet
);
361 error_report("%s: %s", filename
, error_get_pretty(local_err
));
362 error_free(local_err
);
374 static void dump_json_image_check(ImageCheck
*check
, bool quiet
)
376 Error
*local_err
= NULL
;
378 QmpOutputVisitor
*ov
= qmp_output_visitor_new();
380 visit_type_ImageCheck(qmp_output_get_visitor(ov
),
381 &check
, NULL
, &local_err
);
382 obj
= qmp_output_get_qobject(ov
);
383 str
= qobject_to_json_pretty(obj
);
385 qprintf(quiet
, "%s\n", qstring_get_str(str
));
387 qmp_output_visitor_cleanup(ov
);
391 static void dump_human_image_check(ImageCheck
*check
, bool quiet
)
393 if (!(check
->corruptions
|| check
->leaks
|| check
->check_errors
)) {
394 qprintf(quiet
, "No errors were found on the image.\n");
396 if (check
->corruptions
) {
397 qprintf(quiet
, "\n%" PRId64
" errors were found on the image.\n"
398 "Data may be corrupted, or further writes to the image "
405 "\n%" PRId64
" leaked clusters were found on the image.\n"
406 "This means waste of disk space, but no harm to data.\n",
410 if (check
->check_errors
) {
413 " internal errors have occurred during the check.\n",
414 check
->check_errors
);
418 if (check
->total_clusters
!= 0 && check
->allocated_clusters
!= 0) {
419 qprintf(quiet
, "%" PRId64
"/%" PRId64
" = %0.2f%% allocated, "
420 "%0.2f%% fragmented, %0.2f%% compressed clusters\n",
421 check
->allocated_clusters
, check
->total_clusters
,
422 check
->allocated_clusters
* 100.0 / check
->total_clusters
,
423 check
->fragmented_clusters
* 100.0 / check
->allocated_clusters
,
424 check
->compressed_clusters
* 100.0 /
425 check
->allocated_clusters
);
428 if (check
->image_end_offset
) {
430 "Image end offset: %" PRId64
"\n", check
->image_end_offset
);
434 static int collect_image_check(BlockDriverState
*bs
,
436 const char *filename
,
441 BdrvCheckResult result
;
443 ret
= bdrv_check(bs
, &result
, fix
);
448 check
->filename
= g_strdup(filename
);
449 check
->format
= g_strdup(bdrv_get_format_name(bs
));
450 check
->check_errors
= result
.check_errors
;
451 check
->corruptions
= result
.corruptions
;
452 check
->has_corruptions
= result
.corruptions
!= 0;
453 check
->leaks
= result
.leaks
;
454 check
->has_leaks
= result
.leaks
!= 0;
455 check
->corruptions_fixed
= result
.corruptions_fixed
;
456 check
->has_corruptions_fixed
= result
.corruptions
!= 0;
457 check
->leaks_fixed
= result
.leaks_fixed
;
458 check
->has_leaks_fixed
= result
.leaks
!= 0;
459 check
->image_end_offset
= result
.image_end_offset
;
460 check
->has_image_end_offset
= result
.image_end_offset
!= 0;
461 check
->total_clusters
= result
.bfi
.total_clusters
;
462 check
->has_total_clusters
= result
.bfi
.total_clusters
!= 0;
463 check
->allocated_clusters
= result
.bfi
.allocated_clusters
;
464 check
->has_allocated_clusters
= result
.bfi
.allocated_clusters
!= 0;
465 check
->fragmented_clusters
= result
.bfi
.fragmented_clusters
;
466 check
->has_fragmented_clusters
= result
.bfi
.fragmented_clusters
!= 0;
467 check
->compressed_clusters
= result
.bfi
.compressed_clusters
;
468 check
->has_compressed_clusters
= result
.bfi
.compressed_clusters
!= 0;
474 * Checks an image for consistency. Exit codes:
476 * 0 - Check completed, image is good
477 * 1 - Check not completed because of internal errors
478 * 2 - Check completed, image is corrupted
479 * 3 - Check completed, image has leaked clusters, but is good otherwise
480 * 63 - Checks are not supported by the image format
482 static int img_check(int argc
, char **argv
)
485 OutputFormat output_format
= OFORMAT_HUMAN
;
486 const char *filename
, *fmt
, *output
, *cache
;
488 BlockDriverState
*bs
;
490 int flags
= BDRV_O_FLAGS
| BDRV_O_CHECK
;
496 cache
= BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE
;
498 int option_index
= 0;
499 static const struct option long_options
[] = {
500 {"help", no_argument
, 0, 'h'},
501 {"format", required_argument
, 0, 'f'},
502 {"repair", required_argument
, 0, 'r'},
503 {"output", required_argument
, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT
},
506 c
= getopt_long(argc
, argv
, "hf:r:T:q",
507 long_options
, &option_index
);
520 flags
|= BDRV_O_RDWR
;
522 if (!strcmp(optarg
, "leaks")) {
523 fix
= BDRV_FIX_LEAKS
;
524 } else if (!strcmp(optarg
, "all")) {
525 fix
= BDRV_FIX_LEAKS
| BDRV_FIX_ERRORS
;
527 error_exit("Unknown option value for -r "
528 "(expecting 'leaks' or 'all'): %s", optarg
);
542 if (optind
!= argc
- 1) {
543 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
545 filename
= argv
[optind
++];
547 if (output
&& !strcmp(output
, "json")) {
548 output_format
= OFORMAT_JSON
;
549 } else if (output
&& !strcmp(output
, "human")) {
550 output_format
= OFORMAT_HUMAN
;
552 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
556 ret
= bdrv_parse_cache_flags(cache
, &flags
);
558 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", cache
);
562 blk
= img_open("image", filename
, fmt
, flags
, true, quiet
);
568 check
= g_new0(ImageCheck
, 1);
569 ret
= collect_image_check(bs
, check
, filename
, fmt
, fix
);
571 if (ret
== -ENOTSUP
) {
572 error_report("This image format does not support checks");
577 if (check
->corruptions_fixed
|| check
->leaks_fixed
) {
578 int corruptions_fixed
, leaks_fixed
;
580 leaks_fixed
= check
->leaks_fixed
;
581 corruptions_fixed
= check
->corruptions_fixed
;
583 if (output_format
== OFORMAT_HUMAN
) {
585 "The following inconsistencies were found and repaired:\n\n"
586 " %" PRId64
" leaked clusters\n"
587 " %" PRId64
" corruptions\n\n"
588 "Double checking the fixed image now...\n",
590 check
->corruptions_fixed
);
593 ret
= collect_image_check(bs
, check
, filename
, fmt
, 0);
595 check
->leaks_fixed
= leaks_fixed
;
596 check
->corruptions_fixed
= corruptions_fixed
;
600 switch (output_format
) {
602 dump_human_image_check(check
, quiet
);
605 dump_json_image_check(check
, quiet
);
610 if (ret
|| check
->check_errors
) {
612 error_report("Check failed: %s", strerror(-ret
));
614 error_report("Check failed");
620 if (check
->corruptions
) {
622 } else if (check
->leaks
) {
629 qapi_free_ImageCheck(check
);
634 typedef struct CommonBlockJobCBInfo
{
635 BlockDriverState
*bs
;
637 } CommonBlockJobCBInfo
;
639 static void common_block_job_cb(void *opaque
, int ret
)
641 CommonBlockJobCBInfo
*cbi
= opaque
;
644 error_setg_errno(cbi
->errp
, -ret
, "Block job failed");
647 /* Drop this block job's reference */
651 static void run_block_job(BlockJob
*job
, Error
**errp
)
653 AioContext
*aio_context
= bdrv_get_aio_context(job
->bs
);
656 aio_poll(aio_context
, true);
657 qemu_progress_print((float)job
->offset
/ job
->len
* 100.f
, 0);
658 } while (!job
->ready
);
660 block_job_complete_sync(job
, errp
);
662 /* A block job may finish instantaneously without publishing any progress,
663 * so just signal completion here */
664 qemu_progress_print(100.f
, 0);
667 static int img_commit(int argc
, char **argv
)
670 const char *filename
, *fmt
, *cache
, *base
;
672 BlockDriverState
*bs
, *base_bs
;
673 bool progress
= false, quiet
= false, drop
= false;
674 Error
*local_err
= NULL
;
675 CommonBlockJobCBInfo cbi
;
678 cache
= BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE
;
681 c
= getopt(argc
, argv
, "f:ht:b:dpq");
713 /* Progress is not shown in Quiet mode */
718 if (optind
!= argc
- 1) {
719 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
721 filename
= argv
[optind
++];
723 flags
= BDRV_O_RDWR
| BDRV_O_UNMAP
;
724 ret
= bdrv_parse_cache_flags(cache
, &flags
);
726 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache
);
730 blk
= img_open("image", filename
, fmt
, flags
, true, quiet
);
736 qemu_progress_init(progress
, 1.f
);
737 qemu_progress_print(0.f
, 100);
740 base_bs
= bdrv_find_backing_image(bs
, base
);
742 error_set(&local_err
, QERR_BASE_NOT_FOUND
, base
);
746 /* This is different from QMP, which by default uses the deepest file in
747 * the backing chain (i.e., the very base); however, the traditional
748 * behavior of qemu-img commit is using the immediate backing file. */
749 base_bs
= bs
->backing_hd
;
751 error_setg(&local_err
, "Image does not have a backing file");
756 cbi
= (CommonBlockJobCBInfo
){
761 commit_active_start(bs
, base_bs
, 0, BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT
,
762 common_block_job_cb
, &cbi
, &local_err
);
767 /* The block job will swap base_bs and bs (which is not what we really want
768 * here, but okay) and unref base_bs (after the swap, i.e., the old top
769 * image). In order to still be able to empty that top image afterwards,
770 * increment the reference counter here preemptively. */
775 run_block_job(bs
->job
, &local_err
);
780 if (!drop
&& base_bs
->drv
->bdrv_make_empty
) {
781 ret
= base_bs
->drv
->bdrv_make_empty(base_bs
);
783 error_setg_errno(&local_err
, -ret
, "Could not empty %s",
800 error_report_err(local_err
);
804 qprintf(quiet
, "Image committed.\n");
809 * Returns true iff the first sector pointed to by 'buf' contains at least
812 * 'pnum' is set to the number of sectors (including and immediately following
813 * the first one) that are known to be in the same allocated/unallocated state.
815 static int is_allocated_sectors(const uint8_t *buf
, int n
, int *pnum
)
824 is_zero
= buffer_is_zero(buf
, 512);
825 for(i
= 1; i
< n
; i
++) {
827 if (is_zero
!= buffer_is_zero(buf
, 512)) {
836 * Like is_allocated_sectors, but if the buffer starts with a used sector,
837 * up to 'min' consecutive sectors containing zeros are ignored. This avoids
838 * breaking up write requests for only small sparse areas.
840 static int is_allocated_sectors_min(const uint8_t *buf
, int n
, int *pnum
,
844 int num_checked
, num_used
;
850 ret
= is_allocated_sectors(buf
, n
, pnum
);
856 buf
+= BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE
* *pnum
;
858 num_checked
= num_used
;
861 ret
= is_allocated_sectors(buf
, n
, pnum
);
863 buf
+= BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE
* *pnum
;
865 num_checked
+= *pnum
;
867 num_used
= num_checked
;
868 } else if (*pnum
>= min
) {
878 * Compares two buffers sector by sector. Returns 0 if the first sector of both
879 * buffers matches, non-zero otherwise.
881 * pnum is set to the number of sectors (including and immediately following
882 * the first one) that are known to have the same comparison result
884 static int compare_sectors(const uint8_t *buf1
, const uint8_t *buf2
, int n
,
895 res
= !!memcmp(buf1
, buf2
, 512);
896 for(i
= 1; i
< n
; i
++) {
900 if (!!memcmp(buf1
, buf2
, 512) != res
) {
909 #define IO_BUF_SIZE (2 * 1024 * 1024)
911 static int64_t sectors_to_bytes(int64_t sectors
)
913 return sectors
<< BDRV_SECTOR_BITS
;
916 static int64_t sectors_to_process(int64_t total
, int64_t from
)
918 return MIN(total
- from
, IO_BUF_SIZE
>> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS
);
922 * Check if passed sectors are empty (not allocated or contain only 0 bytes)
924 * Returns 0 in case sectors are filled with 0, 1 if sectors contain non-zero
925 * data and negative value on error.
927 * @param blk: BlockBackend for the image
928 * @param sect_num: Number of first sector to check
929 * @param sect_count: Number of sectors to check
930 * @param filename: Name of disk file we are checking (logging purpose)
931 * @param buffer: Allocated buffer for storing read data
932 * @param quiet: Flag for quiet mode
934 static int check_empty_sectors(BlockBackend
*blk
, int64_t sect_num
,
935 int sect_count
, const char *filename
,
936 uint8_t *buffer
, bool quiet
)
939 ret
= blk_read(blk
, sect_num
, buffer
, sect_count
);
941 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
" of %s: %s",
942 sectors_to_bytes(sect_num
), filename
, strerror(-ret
));
945 ret
= is_allocated_sectors(buffer
, sect_count
, &pnum
);
946 if (ret
|| pnum
!= sect_count
) {
947 qprintf(quiet
, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64
"!\n",
948 sectors_to_bytes(ret
? sect_num
: sect_num
+ pnum
));
956 * Compares two images. Exit codes:
958 * 0 - Images are identical
960 * >1 - Error occurred
962 static int img_compare(int argc
, char **argv
)
964 const char *fmt1
= NULL
, *fmt2
= NULL
, *cache
, *filename1
, *filename2
;
965 BlockBackend
*blk1
, *blk2
;
966 BlockDriverState
*bs1
, *bs2
;
967 int64_t total_sectors1
, total_sectors2
;
968 uint8_t *buf1
= NULL
, *buf2
= NULL
;
970 int allocated1
, allocated2
;
971 int ret
= 0; /* return value - 0 Ident, 1 Different, >1 Error */
972 bool progress
= false, quiet
= false, strict
= false;
974 int64_t total_sectors
;
975 int64_t sector_num
= 0;
978 uint64_t progress_base
;
980 cache
= BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE
;
982 c
= getopt(argc
, argv
, "hf:F:T:pqs");
1012 /* Progress is not shown in Quiet mode */
1018 if (optind
!= argc
- 2) {
1019 error_exit("Expecting two image file names");
1021 filename1
= argv
[optind
++];
1022 filename2
= argv
[optind
++];
1024 /* Initialize before goto out */
1025 qemu_progress_init(progress
, 2.0);
1027 flags
= BDRV_O_FLAGS
;
1028 ret
= bdrv_parse_cache_flags(cache
, &flags
);
1030 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", cache
);
1035 blk1
= img_open("image_1", filename1
, fmt1
, flags
, true, quiet
);
1042 blk2
= img_open("image_2", filename2
, fmt2
, flags
, true, quiet
);
1049 buf1
= blk_blockalign(blk1
, IO_BUF_SIZE
);
1050 buf2
= blk_blockalign(blk2
, IO_BUF_SIZE
);
1051 total_sectors1
= blk_nb_sectors(blk1
);
1052 if (total_sectors1
< 0) {
1053 error_report("Can't get size of %s: %s",
1054 filename1
, strerror(-total_sectors1
));
1058 total_sectors2
= blk_nb_sectors(blk2
);
1059 if (total_sectors2
< 0) {
1060 error_report("Can't get size of %s: %s",
1061 filename2
, strerror(-total_sectors2
));
1065 total_sectors
= MIN(total_sectors1
, total_sectors2
);
1066 progress_base
= MAX(total_sectors1
, total_sectors2
);
1068 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
1070 if (strict
&& total_sectors1
!= total_sectors2
) {
1072 qprintf(quiet
, "Strict mode: Image size mismatch!\n");
1077 nb_sectors
= sectors_to_process(total_sectors
, sector_num
);
1078 if (nb_sectors
<= 0) {
1081 allocated1
= bdrv_is_allocated_above(bs1
, NULL
, sector_num
, nb_sectors
,
1083 if (allocated1
< 0) {
1085 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename1
);
1089 allocated2
= bdrv_is_allocated_above(bs2
, NULL
, sector_num
, nb_sectors
,
1091 if (allocated2
< 0) {
1093 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename2
);
1096 nb_sectors
= MIN(pnum1
, pnum2
);
1098 if (allocated1
== allocated2
) {
1100 ret
= blk_read(blk1
, sector_num
, buf1
, nb_sectors
);
1102 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
" of %s:"
1103 " %s", sectors_to_bytes(sector_num
), filename1
,
1108 ret
= blk_read(blk2
, sector_num
, buf2
, nb_sectors
);
1110 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1111 " of %s: %s", sectors_to_bytes(sector_num
),
1112 filename2
, strerror(-ret
));
1116 ret
= compare_sectors(buf1
, buf2
, nb_sectors
, &pnum
);
1117 if (ret
|| pnum
!= nb_sectors
) {
1118 qprintf(quiet
, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64
"!\n",
1120 ret
? sector_num
: sector_num
+ pnum
));
1128 qprintf(quiet
, "Strict mode: Offset %" PRId64
1129 " allocation mismatch!\n",
1130 sectors_to_bytes(sector_num
));
1135 ret
= check_empty_sectors(blk1
, sector_num
, nb_sectors
,
1136 filename1
, buf1
, quiet
);
1138 ret
= check_empty_sectors(blk2
, sector_num
, nb_sectors
,
1139 filename2
, buf1
, quiet
);
1143 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
": %s",
1144 sectors_to_bytes(sector_num
), strerror(-ret
));
1150 sector_num
+= nb_sectors
;
1151 qemu_progress_print(((float) nb_sectors
/ progress_base
)*100, 100);
1154 if (total_sectors1
!= total_sectors2
) {
1155 BlockBackend
*blk_over
;
1156 int64_t total_sectors_over
;
1157 const char *filename_over
;
1159 qprintf(quiet
, "Warning: Image size mismatch!\n");
1160 if (total_sectors1
> total_sectors2
) {
1161 total_sectors_over
= total_sectors1
;
1163 filename_over
= filename1
;
1165 total_sectors_over
= total_sectors2
;
1167 filename_over
= filename2
;
1171 nb_sectors
= sectors_to_process(total_sectors_over
, sector_num
);
1172 if (nb_sectors
<= 0) {
1175 ret
= bdrv_is_allocated_above(blk_bs(blk_over
), NULL
, sector_num
,
1179 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s",
1186 ret
= check_empty_sectors(blk_over
, sector_num
, nb_sectors
,
1187 filename_over
, buf1
, quiet
);
1190 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1191 " of %s: %s", sectors_to_bytes(sector_num
),
1192 filename_over
, strerror(-ret
));
1198 sector_num
+= nb_sectors
;
1199 qemu_progress_print(((float) nb_sectors
/ progress_base
)*100, 100);
1203 qprintf(quiet
, "Images are identical.\n");
1213 qemu_progress_end();
1217 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus
{
1223 typedef struct ImgConvertState
{
1225 int64_t *src_sectors
;
1226 int src_cur
, src_num
;
1227 int64_t src_cur_offset
;
1228 int64_t total_sectors
;
1229 int64_t allocated_sectors
;
1230 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status
;
1231 int64_t sector_next_status
;
1232 BlockBackend
*target
;
1235 bool target_has_backing
;
1237 size_t cluster_sectors
;
1241 static void convert_select_part(ImgConvertState
*s
, int64_t sector_num
)
1243 assert(sector_num
>= s
->src_cur_offset
);
1244 while (sector_num
- s
->src_cur_offset
>= s
->src_sectors
[s
->src_cur
]) {
1245 s
->src_cur_offset
+= s
->src_sectors
[s
->src_cur
];
1247 assert(s
->src_cur
< s
->src_num
);
1251 static int convert_iteration_sectors(ImgConvertState
*s
, int64_t sector_num
)
1256 convert_select_part(s
, sector_num
);
1258 assert(s
->total_sectors
> sector_num
);
1259 n
= MIN(s
->total_sectors
- sector_num
, BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_SECTORS
);
1261 if (s
->sector_next_status
<= sector_num
) {
1262 ret
= bdrv_get_block_status(blk_bs(s
->src
[s
->src_cur
]),
1263 sector_num
- s
->src_cur_offset
,
1269 if (ret
& BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO
) {
1270 s
->status
= BLK_ZERO
;
1271 } else if (ret
& BDRV_BLOCK_DATA
) {
1272 s
->status
= BLK_DATA
;
1273 } else if (!s
->target_has_backing
) {
1274 /* Without a target backing file we must copy over the contents of
1275 * the backing file as well. */
1276 /* TODO Check block status of the backing file chain to avoid
1277 * needlessly reading zeroes and limiting the iteration to the
1279 s
->status
= BLK_DATA
;
1281 s
->status
= BLK_BACKING_FILE
;
1284 s
->sector_next_status
= sector_num
+ n
;
1287 n
= MIN(n
, s
->sector_next_status
- sector_num
);
1288 if (s
->status
== BLK_DATA
) {
1289 n
= MIN(n
, s
->buf_sectors
);
1292 /* We need to write complete clusters for compressed images, so if an
1293 * unallocated area is shorter than that, we must consider the whole
1294 * cluster allocated. */
1295 if (s
->compressed
) {
1296 if (n
< s
->cluster_sectors
) {
1297 n
= MIN(s
->cluster_sectors
, s
->total_sectors
- sector_num
);
1298 s
->status
= BLK_DATA
;
1300 n
= QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(n
, s
->cluster_sectors
);
1307 static int convert_read(ImgConvertState
*s
, int64_t sector_num
, int nb_sectors
,
1313 if (s
->status
== BLK_ZERO
|| s
->status
== BLK_BACKING_FILE
) {
1317 assert(nb_sectors
<= s
->buf_sectors
);
1318 while (nb_sectors
> 0) {
1322 /* In the case of compression with multiple source files, we can get a
1323 * nb_sectors that spreads into the next part. So we must be able to
1324 * read across multiple BDSes for one convert_read() call. */
1325 convert_select_part(s
, sector_num
);
1326 blk
= s
->src
[s
->src_cur
];
1327 bs_sectors
= s
->src_sectors
[s
->src_cur
];
1329 n
= MIN(nb_sectors
, bs_sectors
- (sector_num
- s
->src_cur_offset
));
1330 ret
= blk_read(blk
, sector_num
- s
->src_cur_offset
, buf
, n
);
1337 buf
+= n
* BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE
;
1343 static int convert_write(ImgConvertState
*s
, int64_t sector_num
, int nb_sectors
,
1348 while (nb_sectors
> 0) {
1351 switch (s
->status
) {
1352 case BLK_BACKING_FILE
:
1353 /* If we have a backing file, leave clusters unallocated that are
1354 * unallocated in the source image, so that the backing file is
1355 * visible at the respective offset. */
1356 assert(s
->target_has_backing
);
1360 /* We must always write compressed clusters as a whole, so don't
1361 * try to find zeroed parts in the buffer. We can only save the
1362 * write if the buffer is completely zeroed and we're allowed to
1363 * keep the target sparse. */
1364 if (s
->compressed
) {
1365 if (s
->has_zero_init
&& s
->min_sparse
&&
1366 buffer_is_zero(buf
, n
* BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE
))
1368 assert(!s
->target_has_backing
);
1372 ret
= blk_write_compressed(s
->target
, sector_num
, buf
, n
);
1379 /* If there is real non-zero data or we're told to keep the target
1380 * fully allocated (-S 0), we must write it. Otherwise we can treat
1381 * it as zero sectors. */
1382 if (!s
->min_sparse
||
1383 is_allocated_sectors_min(buf
, n
, &n
, s
->min_sparse
))
1385 ret
= blk_write(s
->target
, sector_num
, buf
, n
);
1394 if (s
->has_zero_init
) {
1397 ret
= blk_write_zeroes(s
->target
, sector_num
, n
, 0);
1406 buf
+= n
* BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE
;
1412 static int convert_do_copy(ImgConvertState
*s
)
1414 uint8_t *buf
= NULL
;
1415 int64_t sector_num
, allocated_done
;
1419 /* Check whether we have zero initialisation or can get it efficiently */
1420 s
->has_zero_init
= s
->min_sparse
&& !s
->target_has_backing
1421 ? bdrv_has_zero_init(blk_bs(s
->target
))
1424 if (!s
->has_zero_init
&& !s
->target_has_backing
&&
1425 bdrv_can_write_zeroes_with_unmap(blk_bs(s
->target
)))
1427 ret
= bdrv_make_zero(blk_bs(s
->target
), BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP
);
1429 s
->has_zero_init
= true;
1433 /* Allocate buffer for copied data. For compressed images, only one cluster
1434 * can be copied at a time. */
1435 if (s
->compressed
) {
1436 if (s
->cluster_sectors
<= 0 || s
->cluster_sectors
> s
->buf_sectors
) {
1437 error_report("invalid cluster size");
1441 s
->buf_sectors
= s
->cluster_sectors
;
1443 buf
= blk_blockalign(s
->target
, s
->buf_sectors
* BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE
);
1445 /* Calculate allocated sectors for progress */
1446 s
->allocated_sectors
= 0;
1448 while (sector_num
< s
->total_sectors
) {
1449 n
= convert_iteration_sectors(s
, sector_num
);
1454 if (s
->status
== BLK_DATA
) {
1455 s
->allocated_sectors
+= n
;
1462 s
->src_cur_offset
= 0;
1463 s
->sector_next_status
= 0;
1468 while (sector_num
< s
->total_sectors
) {
1469 n
= convert_iteration_sectors(s
, sector_num
);
1474 if (s
->status
== BLK_DATA
) {
1475 allocated_done
+= n
;
1476 qemu_progress_print(100.0 * allocated_done
/ s
->allocated_sectors
,
1480 ret
= convert_read(s
, sector_num
, n
, buf
);
1482 error_report("error while reading sector %" PRId64
1483 ": %s", sector_num
, strerror(-ret
));
1487 ret
= convert_write(s
, sector_num
, n
, buf
);
1489 error_report("error while writing sector %" PRId64
1490 ": %s", sector_num
, strerror(-ret
));
1497 if (s
->compressed
) {
1498 /* signal EOF to align */
1499 ret
= blk_write_compressed(s
->target
, 0, NULL
, 0);
1511 static int img_convert(int argc
, char **argv
)
1513 int c
, bs_n
, bs_i
, compress
, cluster_sectors
, skip_create
;
1515 int progress
= 0, flags
, src_flags
;
1516 const char *fmt
, *out_fmt
, *cache
, *src_cache
, *out_baseimg
, *out_filename
;
1517 BlockDriver
*drv
, *proto_drv
;
1518 BlockBackend
**blk
= NULL
, *out_blk
= NULL
;
1519 BlockDriverState
**bs
= NULL
, *out_bs
= NULL
;
1520 int64_t total_sectors
;
1521 int64_t *bs_sectors
= NULL
;
1522 size_t bufsectors
= IO_BUF_SIZE
/ BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE
;
1523 BlockDriverInfo bdi
;
1524 QemuOpts
*opts
= NULL
;
1525 QemuOptsList
*create_opts
= NULL
;
1526 const char *out_baseimg_param
;
1527 char *options
= NULL
;
1528 const char *snapshot_name
= NULL
;
1529 int min_sparse
= 8; /* Need at least 4k of zeros for sparse detection */
1531 Error
*local_err
= NULL
;
1532 QemuOpts
*sn_opts
= NULL
;
1533 ImgConvertState state
;
1538 src_cache
= BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE
;
1543 c
= getopt(argc
, argv
, "hf:O:B:ce6o:s:l:S:pt:T:qn");
1559 out_baseimg
= optarg
;
1565 error_report("option -e is deprecated, please use \'-o "
1566 "encryption\' instead!");
1570 error_report("option -6 is deprecated, please use \'-o "
1571 "compat6\' instead!");
1575 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg
)) {
1576 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg
);
1581 options
= g_strdup(optarg
);
1583 char *old_options
= options
;
1584 options
= g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options
, optarg
);
1585 g_free(old_options
);
1589 snapshot_name
= optarg
;
1592 if (strstart(optarg
, SNAPSHOT_OPT_BASE
, NULL
)) {
1593 sn_opts
= qemu_opts_parse(&internal_snapshot_opts
, optarg
, 0);
1595 error_report("Failed in parsing snapshot param '%s'",
1601 snapshot_name
= optarg
;
1608 sval
= strtosz_suffix(optarg
, &end
, STRTOSZ_DEFSUFFIX_B
);
1609 if (sval
< 0 || *end
) {
1610 error_report("Invalid minimum zero buffer size for sparse output specified");
1615 min_sparse
= sval
/ BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE
;
1636 /* Initialize before goto out */
1640 qemu_progress_init(progress
, 1.0);
1643 bs_n
= argc
- optind
- 1;
1644 out_filename
= bs_n
>= 1 ? argv
[argc
- 1] : NULL
;
1646 if (options
&& has_help_option(options
)) {
1647 ret
= print_block_option_help(out_filename
, out_fmt
);
1652 error_exit("Must specify image file name");
1656 if (bs_n
> 1 && out_baseimg
) {
1657 error_report("-B makes no sense when concatenating multiple input "
1663 src_flags
= BDRV_O_FLAGS
;
1664 ret
= bdrv_parse_cache_flags(src_cache
, &src_flags
);
1666 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", src_cache
);
1670 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
1672 blk
= g_new0(BlockBackend
*, bs_n
);
1673 bs
= g_new0(BlockDriverState
*, bs_n
);
1674 bs_sectors
= g_new(int64_t, bs_n
);
1677 for (bs_i
= 0; bs_i
< bs_n
; bs_i
++) {
1678 char *id
= bs_n
> 1 ? g_strdup_printf("source_%d", bs_i
)
1679 : g_strdup("source");
1680 blk
[bs_i
] = img_open(id
, argv
[optind
+ bs_i
], fmt
, src_flags
,
1687 bs
[bs_i
] = blk_bs(blk
[bs_i
]);
1688 bs_sectors
[bs_i
] = blk_nb_sectors(blk
[bs_i
]);
1689 if (bs_sectors
[bs_i
] < 0) {
1690 error_report("Could not get size of %s: %s",
1691 argv
[optind
+ bs_i
], strerror(-bs_sectors
[bs_i
]));
1695 total_sectors
+= bs_sectors
[bs_i
];
1699 ret
= bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp(bs
[0],
1700 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts
, SNAPSHOT_OPT_ID
),
1701 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts
, SNAPSHOT_OPT_NAME
),
1703 } else if (snapshot_name
!= NULL
) {
1705 error_report("No support for concatenating multiple snapshot");
1710 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp_by_id_or_name(bs
[0], snapshot_name
, &local_err
);
1713 error_report("Failed to load snapshot: %s",
1714 error_get_pretty(local_err
));
1715 error_free(local_err
);
1720 /* Find driver and parse its options */
1721 drv
= bdrv_find_format(out_fmt
);
1723 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", out_fmt
);
1728 proto_drv
= bdrv_find_protocol(out_filename
, true, &local_err
);
1730 error_report_err(local_err
);
1736 if (!drv
->create_opts
) {
1737 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation",
1743 if (!proto_drv
->create_opts
) {
1744 error_report("Protocol driver '%s' does not support image creation",
1745 proto_drv
->format_name
);
1750 create_opts
= qemu_opts_append(create_opts
, drv
->create_opts
);
1751 create_opts
= qemu_opts_append(create_opts
, proto_drv
->create_opts
);
1753 opts
= qemu_opts_create(create_opts
, NULL
, 0, &error_abort
);
1755 qemu_opts_do_parse(opts
, options
, NULL
, &local_err
);
1757 error_report_err(local_err
);
1763 qemu_opt_set_number(opts
, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE
, total_sectors
* 512,
1765 ret
= add_old_style_options(out_fmt
, opts
, out_baseimg
, NULL
);
1771 /* Get backing file name if -o backing_file was used */
1772 out_baseimg_param
= qemu_opt_get(opts
, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE
);
1773 if (out_baseimg_param
) {
1774 out_baseimg
= out_baseimg_param
;
1777 /* Check if compression is supported */
1780 qemu_opt_get_bool(opts
, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT
, false);
1781 const char *preallocation
=
1782 qemu_opt_get(opts
, BLOCK_OPT_PREALLOC
);
1784 if (!drv
->bdrv_write_compressed
) {
1785 error_report("Compression not supported for this file format");
1791 error_report("Compression and encryption not supported at "
1798 && strcmp(preallocation
, "off"))
1800 error_report("Compression and preallocation not supported at "
1808 /* Create the new image */
1809 ret
= bdrv_create(drv
, out_filename
, opts
, &local_err
);
1811 error_report("%s: error while converting %s: %s",
1812 out_filename
, out_fmt
, error_get_pretty(local_err
));
1813 error_free(local_err
);
1818 flags
= min_sparse
? (BDRV_O_RDWR
| BDRV_O_UNMAP
) : BDRV_O_RDWR
;
1819 ret
= bdrv_parse_cache_flags(cache
, &flags
);
1821 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache
);
1825 out_blk
= img_open("target", out_filename
, out_fmt
, flags
, true, quiet
);
1830 out_bs
= blk_bs(out_blk
);
1832 /* increase bufsectors from the default 4096 (2M) if opt_transfer_length
1833 * or discard_alignment of the out_bs is greater. Limit to 32768 (16MB)
1835 bufsectors
= MIN(32768,
1836 MAX(bufsectors
, MAX(out_bs
->bl
.opt_transfer_length
,
1837 out_bs
->bl
.discard_alignment
))
1841 int64_t output_sectors
= blk_nb_sectors(out_blk
);
1842 if (output_sectors
< 0) {
1843 error_report("unable to get output image length: %s",
1844 strerror(-output_sectors
));
1847 } else if (output_sectors
< total_sectors
) {
1848 error_report("output file is smaller than input file");
1854 cluster_sectors
= 0;
1855 ret
= bdrv_get_info(out_bs
, &bdi
);
1858 error_report("could not get block driver info");
1862 compress
= compress
|| bdi
.needs_compressed_writes
;
1863 cluster_sectors
= bdi
.cluster_size
/ BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE
;
1866 state
= (ImgConvertState
) {
1868 .src_sectors
= bs_sectors
,
1870 .total_sectors
= total_sectors
,
1872 .compressed
= compress
,
1873 .target_has_backing
= (bool) out_baseimg
,
1874 .min_sparse
= min_sparse
,
1875 .cluster_sectors
= cluster_sectors
,
1876 .buf_sectors
= bufsectors
,
1878 ret
= convert_do_copy(&state
);
1882 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
1884 qemu_progress_end();
1885 qemu_opts_del(opts
);
1886 qemu_opts_free(create_opts
);
1887 qemu_opts_del(sn_opts
);
1891 for (bs_i
= 0; bs_i
< bs_n
; bs_i
++) {
1892 blk_unref(blk
[bs_i
]);
1907 static void dump_snapshots(BlockDriverState
*bs
)
1909 QEMUSnapshotInfo
*sn_tab
, *sn
;
1912 nb_sns
= bdrv_snapshot_list(bs
, &sn_tab
);
1915 printf("Snapshot list:\n");
1916 bdrv_snapshot_dump(fprintf
, stdout
, NULL
);
1918 for(i
= 0; i
< nb_sns
; i
++) {
1920 bdrv_snapshot_dump(fprintf
, stdout
, sn
);
1926 static void dump_json_image_info_list(ImageInfoList
*list
)
1928 Error
*local_err
= NULL
;
1930 QmpOutputVisitor
*ov
= qmp_output_visitor_new();
1932 visit_type_ImageInfoList(qmp_output_get_visitor(ov
),
1933 &list
, NULL
, &local_err
);
1934 obj
= qmp_output_get_qobject(ov
);
1935 str
= qobject_to_json_pretty(obj
);
1936 assert(str
!= NULL
);
1937 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str
));
1938 qobject_decref(obj
);
1939 qmp_output_visitor_cleanup(ov
);
1943 static void dump_json_image_info(ImageInfo
*info
)
1945 Error
*local_err
= NULL
;
1947 QmpOutputVisitor
*ov
= qmp_output_visitor_new();
1949 visit_type_ImageInfo(qmp_output_get_visitor(ov
),
1950 &info
, NULL
, &local_err
);
1951 obj
= qmp_output_get_qobject(ov
);
1952 str
= qobject_to_json_pretty(obj
);
1953 assert(str
!= NULL
);
1954 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str
));
1955 qobject_decref(obj
);
1956 qmp_output_visitor_cleanup(ov
);
1960 static void dump_human_image_info_list(ImageInfoList
*list
)
1962 ImageInfoList
*elem
;
1965 for (elem
= list
; elem
; elem
= elem
->next
) {
1971 bdrv_image_info_dump(fprintf
, stdout
, elem
->value
);
1975 static gboolean
str_equal_func(gconstpointer a
, gconstpointer b
)
1977 return strcmp(a
, b
) == 0;
1981 * Open an image file chain and return an ImageInfoList
1983 * @filename: topmost image filename
1984 * @fmt: topmost image format (may be NULL to autodetect)
1985 * @chain: true - enumerate entire backing file chain
1986 * false - only topmost image file
1988 * Returns a list of ImageInfo objects or NULL if there was an error opening an
1989 * image file. If there was an error a message will have been printed to
1992 static ImageInfoList
*collect_image_info_list(const char *filename
,
1996 ImageInfoList
*head
= NULL
;
1997 ImageInfoList
**last
= &head
;
1998 GHashTable
*filenames
;
2001 filenames
= g_hash_table_new_full(g_str_hash
, str_equal_func
, NULL
, NULL
);
2005 BlockDriverState
*bs
;
2007 ImageInfoList
*elem
;
2009 if (g_hash_table_lookup_extended(filenames
, filename
, NULL
, NULL
)) {
2010 error_report("Backing file '%s' creates an infinite loop.",
2014 g_hash_table_insert(filenames
, (gpointer
)filename
, NULL
);
2016 blk
= img_open("image", filename
, fmt
,
2017 BDRV_O_FLAGS
| BDRV_O_NO_BACKING
, false, false);
2023 bdrv_query_image_info(bs
, &info
, &err
);
2025 error_report_err(err
);
2030 elem
= g_new0(ImageInfoList
, 1);
2037 filename
= fmt
= NULL
;
2039 if (info
->has_full_backing_filename
) {
2040 filename
= info
->full_backing_filename
;
2041 } else if (info
->has_backing_filename
) {
2042 filename
= info
->backing_filename
;
2044 if (info
->has_backing_filename_format
) {
2045 fmt
= info
->backing_filename_format
;
2049 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames
);
2053 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(head
);
2054 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames
);
2058 static int img_info(int argc
, char **argv
)
2061 OutputFormat output_format
= OFORMAT_HUMAN
;
2063 const char *filename
, *fmt
, *output
;
2064 ImageInfoList
*list
;
2069 int option_index
= 0;
2070 static const struct option long_options
[] = {
2071 {"help", no_argument
, 0, 'h'},
2072 {"format", required_argument
, 0, 'f'},
2073 {"output", required_argument
, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT
},
2074 {"backing-chain", no_argument
, 0, OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN
},
2077 c
= getopt_long(argc
, argv
, "f:h",
2078 long_options
, &option_index
);
2093 case OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN
:
2098 if (optind
!= argc
- 1) {
2099 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2101 filename
= argv
[optind
++];
2103 if (output
&& !strcmp(output
, "json")) {
2104 output_format
= OFORMAT_JSON
;
2105 } else if (output
&& !strcmp(output
, "human")) {
2106 output_format
= OFORMAT_HUMAN
;
2107 } else if (output
) {
2108 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
2112 list
= collect_image_info_list(filename
, fmt
, chain
);
2117 switch (output_format
) {
2119 dump_human_image_info_list(list
);
2123 dump_json_image_info_list(list
);
2125 dump_json_image_info(list
->value
);
2130 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(list
);
2135 typedef struct MapEntry
{
2141 BlockDriverState
*bs
;
2144 static void dump_map_entry(OutputFormat output_format
, MapEntry
*e
,
2147 switch (output_format
) {
2149 if ((e
->flags
& BDRV_BLOCK_DATA
) &&
2150 !(e
->flags
& BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID
)) {
2151 error_report("File contains external, encrypted or compressed clusters.");
2154 if ((e
->flags
& (BDRV_BLOCK_DATA
|BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO
)) == BDRV_BLOCK_DATA
) {
2155 printf("%#-16"PRIx64
"%#-16"PRIx64
"%#-16"PRIx64
"%s\n",
2156 e
->start
, e
->length
, e
->offset
, e
->bs
->filename
);
2158 /* This format ignores the distinction between 0, ZERO and ZERO|DATA.
2159 * Modify the flags here to allow more coalescing.
2162 (next
->flags
& (BDRV_BLOCK_DATA
|BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO
)) != BDRV_BLOCK_DATA
) {
2163 next
->flags
&= ~BDRV_BLOCK_DATA
;
2164 next
->flags
|= BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO
;
2168 printf("%s{ \"start\": %"PRId64
", \"length\": %"PRId64
", \"depth\": %d,"
2169 " \"zero\": %s, \"data\": %s",
2170 (e
->start
== 0 ? "[" : ",\n"),
2171 e
->start
, e
->length
, e
->depth
,
2172 (e
->flags
& BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO
) ? "true" : "false",
2173 (e
->flags
& BDRV_BLOCK_DATA
) ? "true" : "false");
2174 if (e
->flags
& BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID
) {
2175 printf(", \"offset\": %"PRId64
"", e
->offset
);
2186 static int get_block_status(BlockDriverState
*bs
, int64_t sector_num
,
2187 int nb_sectors
, MapEntry
*e
)
2192 /* As an optimization, we could cache the current range of unallocated
2193 * clusters in each file of the chain, and avoid querying the same
2199 ret
= bdrv_get_block_status(bs
, sector_num
, nb_sectors
, &nb_sectors
);
2204 if (ret
& (BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO
|BDRV_BLOCK_DATA
)) {
2207 bs
= bs
->backing_hd
;
2216 e
->start
= sector_num
* BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE
;
2217 e
->length
= nb_sectors
* BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE
;
2218 e
->flags
= ret
& ~BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_MASK
;
2219 e
->offset
= ret
& BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_MASK
;
2225 static int img_map(int argc
, char **argv
)
2228 OutputFormat output_format
= OFORMAT_HUMAN
;
2230 BlockDriverState
*bs
;
2231 const char *filename
, *fmt
, *output
;
2233 MapEntry curr
= { .length
= 0 }, next
;
2239 int option_index
= 0;
2240 static const struct option long_options
[] = {
2241 {"help", no_argument
, 0, 'h'},
2242 {"format", required_argument
, 0, 'f'},
2243 {"output", required_argument
, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT
},
2246 c
= getopt_long(argc
, argv
, "f:h",
2247 long_options
, &option_index
);
2264 if (optind
!= argc
- 1) {
2265 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2267 filename
= argv
[optind
];
2269 if (output
&& !strcmp(output
, "json")) {
2270 output_format
= OFORMAT_JSON
;
2271 } else if (output
&& !strcmp(output
, "human")) {
2272 output_format
= OFORMAT_HUMAN
;
2273 } else if (output
) {
2274 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
2278 blk
= img_open("image", filename
, fmt
, BDRV_O_FLAGS
, true, false);
2284 if (output_format
== OFORMAT_HUMAN
) {
2285 printf("%-16s%-16s%-16s%s\n", "Offset", "Length", "Mapped to", "File");
2288 length
= blk_getlength(blk
);
2289 while (curr
.start
+ curr
.length
< length
) {
2290 int64_t nsectors_left
;
2294 sector_num
= (curr
.start
+ curr
.length
) >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS
;
2296 /* Probe up to 1 GiB at a time. */
2297 nsectors_left
= DIV_ROUND_UP(length
, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE
) - sector_num
;
2298 n
= MIN(1 << (30 - BDRV_SECTOR_BITS
), nsectors_left
);
2299 ret
= get_block_status(bs
, sector_num
, n
, &next
);
2302 error_report("Could not read file metadata: %s", strerror(-ret
));
2306 if (curr
.length
!= 0 && curr
.flags
== next
.flags
&&
2307 curr
.depth
== next
.depth
&&
2308 ((curr
.flags
& BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID
) == 0 ||
2309 curr
.offset
+ curr
.length
== next
.offset
)) {
2310 curr
.length
+= next
.length
;
2314 if (curr
.length
> 0) {
2315 dump_map_entry(output_format
, &curr
, &next
);
2320 dump_map_entry(output_format
, &curr
, NULL
);
2327 #define SNAPSHOT_LIST 1
2328 #define SNAPSHOT_CREATE 2
2329 #define SNAPSHOT_APPLY 3
2330 #define SNAPSHOT_DELETE 4
2332 static int img_snapshot(int argc
, char **argv
)
2335 BlockDriverState
*bs
;
2336 QEMUSnapshotInfo sn
;
2337 char *filename
, *snapshot_name
= NULL
;
2338 int c
, ret
= 0, bdrv_oflags
;
2344 bdrv_oflags
= BDRV_O_FLAGS
| BDRV_O_RDWR
;
2345 /* Parse commandline parameters */
2347 c
= getopt(argc
, argv
, "la:c:d:hq");
2358 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2361 action
= SNAPSHOT_LIST
;
2362 bdrv_oflags
&= ~BDRV_O_RDWR
; /* no need for RW */
2366 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2369 action
= SNAPSHOT_APPLY
;
2370 snapshot_name
= optarg
;
2374 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2377 action
= SNAPSHOT_CREATE
;
2378 snapshot_name
= optarg
;
2382 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2385 action
= SNAPSHOT_DELETE
;
2386 snapshot_name
= optarg
;
2394 if (optind
!= argc
- 1) {
2395 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2397 filename
= argv
[optind
++];
2399 /* Open the image */
2400 blk
= img_open("image", filename
, NULL
, bdrv_oflags
, true, quiet
);
2406 /* Perform the requested action */
2412 case SNAPSHOT_CREATE
:
2413 memset(&sn
, 0, sizeof(sn
));
2414 pstrcpy(sn
.name
, sizeof(sn
.name
), snapshot_name
);
2416 qemu_gettimeofday(&tv
);
2417 sn
.date_sec
= tv
.tv_sec
;
2418 sn
.date_nsec
= tv
.tv_usec
* 1000;
2420 ret
= bdrv_snapshot_create(bs
, &sn
);
2422 error_report("Could not create snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
2423 snapshot_name
, ret
, strerror(-ret
));
2427 case SNAPSHOT_APPLY
:
2428 ret
= bdrv_snapshot_goto(bs
, snapshot_name
);
2430 error_report("Could not apply snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
2431 snapshot_name
, ret
, strerror(-ret
));
2435 case SNAPSHOT_DELETE
:
2436 bdrv_snapshot_delete_by_id_or_name(bs
, snapshot_name
, &err
);
2438 error_report("Could not delete snapshot '%s': (%s)",
2439 snapshot_name
, error_get_pretty(err
));
2454 static int img_rebase(int argc
, char **argv
)
2456 BlockBackend
*blk
= NULL
, *blk_old_backing
= NULL
, *blk_new_backing
= NULL
;
2457 BlockDriverState
*bs
= NULL
;
2459 const char *fmt
, *cache
, *src_cache
, *out_basefmt
, *out_baseimg
;
2460 int c
, flags
, src_flags
, ret
;
2464 Error
*local_err
= NULL
;
2466 /* Parse commandline parameters */
2468 cache
= BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE
;
2469 src_cache
= BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE
;
2473 c
= getopt(argc
, argv
, "hf:F:b:upt:T:q");
2486 out_basefmt
= optarg
;
2489 out_baseimg
= optarg
;
2513 if (optind
!= argc
- 1) {
2514 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2516 if (!unsafe
&& !out_baseimg
) {
2517 error_exit("Must specify backing file (-b) or use unsafe mode (-u)");
2519 filename
= argv
[optind
++];
2521 qemu_progress_init(progress
, 2.0);
2522 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
2524 flags
= BDRV_O_RDWR
| (unsafe
? BDRV_O_NO_BACKING
: 0);
2525 ret
= bdrv_parse_cache_flags(cache
, &flags
);
2527 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache
);
2531 src_flags
= BDRV_O_FLAGS
;
2532 ret
= bdrv_parse_cache_flags(src_cache
, &src_flags
);
2534 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", src_cache
);
2541 * Ignore the old backing file for unsafe rebase in case we want to correct
2542 * the reference to a renamed or moved backing file.
2544 blk
= img_open("image", filename
, fmt
, flags
, true, quiet
);
2551 if (out_basefmt
!= NULL
) {
2552 if (bdrv_find_format(out_basefmt
) == NULL
) {
2553 error_report("Invalid format name: '%s'", out_basefmt
);
2559 /* For safe rebasing we need to compare old and new backing file */
2561 char backing_name
[PATH_MAX
];
2562 QDict
*options
= NULL
;
2564 if (bs
->backing_format
[0] != '\0') {
2565 options
= qdict_new();
2566 qdict_put(options
, "driver", qstring_from_str(bs
->backing_format
));
2569 bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs
, backing_name
, sizeof(backing_name
));
2570 blk_old_backing
= blk_new_open("old_backing", backing_name
, NULL
,
2571 options
, src_flags
, &local_err
);
2572 if (!blk_old_backing
) {
2573 error_report("Could not open old backing file '%s': %s",
2574 backing_name
, error_get_pretty(local_err
));
2575 error_free(local_err
);
2579 if (out_baseimg
[0]) {
2581 options
= qdict_new();
2582 qdict_put(options
, "driver", qstring_from_str(out_basefmt
));
2587 blk_new_backing
= blk_new_open("new_backing", out_baseimg
, NULL
,
2588 options
, src_flags
, &local_err
);
2589 if (!blk_new_backing
) {
2590 error_report("Could not open new backing file '%s': %s",
2591 out_baseimg
, error_get_pretty(local_err
));
2592 error_free(local_err
);
2599 * Check each unallocated cluster in the COW file. If it is unallocated,
2600 * accesses go to the backing file. We must therefore compare this cluster
2601 * in the old and new backing file, and if they differ we need to copy it
2602 * from the old backing file into the COW file.
2604 * If qemu-img crashes during this step, no harm is done. The content of
2605 * the image is the same as the original one at any time.
2608 int64_t num_sectors
;
2609 int64_t old_backing_num_sectors
;
2610 int64_t new_backing_num_sectors
= 0;
2615 float local_progress
= 0;
2617 buf_old
= blk_blockalign(blk
, IO_BUF_SIZE
);
2618 buf_new
= blk_blockalign(blk
, IO_BUF_SIZE
);
2620 num_sectors
= blk_nb_sectors(blk
);
2621 if (num_sectors
< 0) {
2622 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
2623 filename
, strerror(-num_sectors
));
2627 old_backing_num_sectors
= blk_nb_sectors(blk_old_backing
);
2628 if (old_backing_num_sectors
< 0) {
2629 char backing_name
[PATH_MAX
];
2631 bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs
, backing_name
, sizeof(backing_name
));
2632 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
2633 backing_name
, strerror(-old_backing_num_sectors
));
2637 if (blk_new_backing
) {
2638 new_backing_num_sectors
= blk_nb_sectors(blk_new_backing
);
2639 if (new_backing_num_sectors
< 0) {
2640 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
2641 out_baseimg
, strerror(-new_backing_num_sectors
));
2647 if (num_sectors
!= 0) {
2648 local_progress
= (float)100 /
2649 (num_sectors
/ MIN(num_sectors
, IO_BUF_SIZE
/ 512));
2652 for (sector
= 0; sector
< num_sectors
; sector
+= n
) {
2654 /* How many sectors can we handle with the next read? */
2655 if (sector
+ (IO_BUF_SIZE
/ 512) <= num_sectors
) {
2656 n
= (IO_BUF_SIZE
/ 512);
2658 n
= num_sectors
- sector
;
2661 /* If the cluster is allocated, we don't need to take action */
2662 ret
= bdrv_is_allocated(bs
, sector
, n
, &n
);
2664 error_report("error while reading image metadata: %s",
2673 * Read old and new backing file and take into consideration that
2674 * backing files may be smaller than the COW image.
2676 if (sector
>= old_backing_num_sectors
) {
2677 memset(buf_old
, 0, n
* BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE
);
2679 if (sector
+ n
> old_backing_num_sectors
) {
2680 n
= old_backing_num_sectors
- sector
;
2683 ret
= blk_read(blk_old_backing
, sector
, buf_old
, n
);
2685 error_report("error while reading from old backing file");
2690 if (sector
>= new_backing_num_sectors
|| !blk_new_backing
) {
2691 memset(buf_new
, 0, n
* BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE
);
2693 if (sector
+ n
> new_backing_num_sectors
) {
2694 n
= new_backing_num_sectors
- sector
;
2697 ret
= blk_read(blk_new_backing
, sector
, buf_new
, n
);
2699 error_report("error while reading from new backing file");
2704 /* If they differ, we need to write to the COW file */
2705 uint64_t written
= 0;
2707 while (written
< n
) {
2710 if (compare_sectors(buf_old
+ written
* 512,
2711 buf_new
+ written
* 512, n
- written
, &pnum
))
2713 ret
= blk_write(blk
, sector
+ written
,
2714 buf_old
+ written
* 512, pnum
);
2716 error_report("Error while writing to COW image: %s",
2724 qemu_progress_print(local_progress
, 100);
2727 qemu_vfree(buf_old
);
2728 qemu_vfree(buf_new
);
2732 * Change the backing file. All clusters that are different from the old
2733 * backing file are overwritten in the COW file now, so the visible content
2734 * doesn't change when we switch the backing file.
2736 if (out_baseimg
&& *out_baseimg
) {
2737 ret
= bdrv_change_backing_file(bs
, out_baseimg
, out_basefmt
);
2739 ret
= bdrv_change_backing_file(bs
, NULL
, NULL
);
2742 if (ret
== -ENOSPC
) {
2743 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': No "
2744 "space left in the file header", out_baseimg
);
2745 } else if (ret
< 0) {
2746 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': %s",
2747 out_baseimg
, strerror(-ret
));
2750 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
2752 * TODO At this point it is possible to check if any clusters that are
2753 * allocated in the COW file are the same in the backing file. If so, they
2754 * could be dropped from the COW file. Don't do this before switching the
2755 * backing file, in case of a crash this would lead to corruption.
2758 qemu_progress_end();
2761 blk_unref(blk_old_backing
);
2762 blk_unref(blk_new_backing
);
2772 static int img_resize(int argc
, char **argv
)
2775 int c
, ret
, relative
;
2776 const char *filename
, *fmt
, *size
;
2777 int64_t n
, total_size
;
2779 BlockBackend
*blk
= NULL
;
2781 static QemuOptsList resize_options
= {
2782 .name
= "resize_options",
2783 .head
= QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(resize_options
.head
),
2786 .name
= BLOCK_OPT_SIZE
,
2787 .type
= QEMU_OPT_SIZE
,
2788 .help
= "Virtual disk size"
2795 /* Remove size from argv manually so that negative numbers are not treated
2796 * as options by getopt. */
2798 error_exit("Not enough arguments");
2802 size
= argv
[--argc
];
2804 /* Parse getopt arguments */
2807 c
= getopt(argc
, argv
, "f:hq");
2824 if (optind
!= argc
- 1) {
2825 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2827 filename
= argv
[optind
++];
2829 /* Choose grow, shrink, or absolute resize mode */
2845 param
= qemu_opts_create(&resize_options
, NULL
, 0, &error_abort
);
2846 qemu_opt_set(param
, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE
, size
, &err
);
2848 error_report_err(err
);
2850 qemu_opts_del(param
);
2853 n
= qemu_opt_get_size(param
, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE
, 0);
2854 qemu_opts_del(param
);
2856 blk
= img_open("image", filename
, fmt
, BDRV_O_FLAGS
| BDRV_O_RDWR
,
2864 total_size
= blk_getlength(blk
) + n
* relative
;
2868 if (total_size
<= 0) {
2869 error_report("New image size must be positive");
2874 ret
= blk_truncate(blk
, total_size
);
2877 qprintf(quiet
, "Image resized.\n");
2880 error_report("This image does not support resize");
2883 error_report("Image is read-only");
2886 error_report("Error resizing image (%d)", -ret
);
2897 static void amend_status_cb(BlockDriverState
*bs
,
2898 int64_t offset
, int64_t total_work_size
)
2900 qemu_progress_print(100.f
* offset
/ total_work_size
, 0);
2903 static int img_amend(int argc
, char **argv
)
2907 char *options
= NULL
;
2908 QemuOptsList
*create_opts
= NULL
;
2909 QemuOpts
*opts
= NULL
;
2910 const char *fmt
= NULL
, *filename
, *cache
;
2912 bool quiet
= false, progress
= false;
2913 BlockBackend
*blk
= NULL
;
2914 BlockDriverState
*bs
= NULL
;
2916 cache
= BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE
;
2918 c
= getopt(argc
, argv
, "ho:f:t:pq");
2929 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg
)) {
2930 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg
);
2935 options
= g_strdup(optarg
);
2937 char *old_options
= options
;
2938 options
= g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options
, optarg
);
2939 g_free(old_options
);
2958 error_exit("Must specify options (-o)");
2964 qemu_progress_init(progress
, 1.0);
2966 filename
= (optind
== argc
- 1) ? argv
[argc
- 1] : NULL
;
2967 if (fmt
&& has_help_option(options
)) {
2968 /* If a format is explicitly specified (and possibly no filename is
2969 * given), print option help here */
2970 ret
= print_block_option_help(filename
, fmt
);
2974 if (optind
!= argc
- 1) {
2975 error_report("Expecting one image file name");
2980 flags
= BDRV_O_FLAGS
| BDRV_O_RDWR
;
2981 ret
= bdrv_parse_cache_flags(cache
, &flags
);
2983 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache
);
2987 blk
= img_open("image", filename
, fmt
, flags
, true, quiet
);
2994 fmt
= bs
->drv
->format_name
;
2996 if (has_help_option(options
)) {
2997 /* If the format was auto-detected, print option help here */
2998 ret
= print_block_option_help(filename
, fmt
);
3002 if (!bs
->drv
->create_opts
) {
3003 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support any options to amend",
3009 create_opts
= qemu_opts_append(create_opts
, bs
->drv
->create_opts
);
3010 opts
= qemu_opts_create(create_opts
, NULL
, 0, &error_abort
);
3012 qemu_opts_do_parse(opts
, options
, NULL
, &err
);
3014 error_report_err(err
);
3020 /* In case the driver does not call amend_status_cb() */
3021 qemu_progress_print(0.f
, 0);
3022 ret
= bdrv_amend_options(bs
, opts
, &amend_status_cb
);
3023 qemu_progress_print(100.f
, 0);
3025 error_report("Error while amending options: %s", strerror(-ret
));
3030 qemu_progress_end();
3033 qemu_opts_del(opts
);
3034 qemu_opts_free(create_opts
);
3043 static const img_cmd_t img_cmds
[] = {
3044 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
3045 { option, callback },
3046 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
3052 int main(int argc
, char **argv
)
3054 const img_cmd_t
*cmd
;
3055 const char *cmdname
;
3056 Error
*local_error
= NULL
;
3058 static const struct option long_options
[] = {
3059 {"help", no_argument
, 0, 'h'},
3060 {"version", no_argument
, 0, 'v'},
3065 signal(SIGPIPE
, SIG_IGN
);
3068 error_set_progname(argv
[0]);
3069 qemu_init_exec_dir(argv
[0]);
3071 if (qemu_init_main_loop(&local_error
)) {
3072 error_report_err(local_error
);
3078 error_exit("Not enough arguments");
3082 /* find the command */
3083 for (cmd
= img_cmds
; cmd
->name
!= NULL
; cmd
++) {
3084 if (!strcmp(cmdname
, cmd
->name
)) {
3085 return cmd
->handler(argc
- 1, argv
+ 1);
3089 c
= getopt_long(argc
, argv
, "h", long_options
, NULL
);
3095 printf(QEMU_IMG_VERSION
);
3100 error_exit("Command not found: %s", cmdname
);