2 * QEMU disk image utility
4 * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
6 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
13 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
16 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
24 #include "qapi-visit.h"
25 #include "qapi/qmp-output-visitor.h"
26 #include "qapi/qmp/qerror.h"
27 #include "qapi/qmp/qjson.h"
28 #include "qemu-common.h"
29 #include "qemu/option.h"
30 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
31 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
32 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
33 #include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
34 #include "block/block_int.h"
35 #include "block/blockjob.h"
36 #include "block/qapi.h"
39 #define QEMU_IMG_VERSION "qemu-img version " QEMU_VERSION QEMU_PKGVERSION \
40 ", Copyright (c) 2004-2008 Fabrice Bellard\n"
42 typedef struct img_cmd_t
{
44 int (*handler
)(int argc
, char **argv
);
49 OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN
= 257,
52 typedef enum OutputFormat
{
57 /* Default to cache=writeback as data integrity is not important for qemu-tcg. */
58 #define BDRV_O_FLAGS BDRV_O_CACHE_WB
59 #define BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE "writeback"
61 static void format_print(void *opaque
, const char *name
)
66 static void QEMU_NORETURN
GCC_FMT_ATTR(1, 2) error_exit(const char *fmt
, ...)
70 error_printf("qemu-img: ");
73 error_vprintf(fmt
, ap
);
76 error_printf("\nTry 'qemu-img --help' for more information\n");
80 /* Please keep in synch with qemu-img.texi */
81 static void QEMU_NORETURN
help(void)
83 const char *help_msg
=
85 "usage: qemu-img command [command options]\n"
86 "QEMU disk image utility\n"
89 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
91 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
95 "Command parameters:\n"
96 " 'filename' is a disk image filename\n"
97 " 'fmt' is the disk image format. It is guessed automatically in most cases\n"
98 " 'cache' is the cache mode used to write the output disk image, the valid\n"
99 " options are: 'none', 'writeback' (default, except for convert), 'writethrough',\n"
100 " 'directsync' and 'unsafe' (default for convert)\n"
101 " 'src_cache' is the cache mode used to read input disk images, the valid\n"
102 " options are the same as for the 'cache' option\n"
103 " 'size' is the disk image size in bytes. Optional suffixes\n"
104 " 'k' or 'K' (kilobyte, 1024), 'M' (megabyte, 1024k), 'G' (gigabyte, 1024M),\n"
105 " 'T' (terabyte, 1024G), 'P' (petabyte, 1024T) and 'E' (exabyte, 1024P) are\n"
106 " supported. 'b' is ignored.\n"
107 " 'output_filename' is the destination disk image filename\n"
108 " 'output_fmt' is the destination format\n"
109 " 'options' is a comma separated list of format specific options in a\n"
110 " name=value format. Use -o ? for an overview of the options supported by the\n"
112 " 'snapshot_param' is param used for internal snapshot, format\n"
113 " is 'snapshot.id=[ID],snapshot.name=[NAME]', or\n"
115 " 'snapshot_id_or_name' is deprecated, use 'snapshot_param'\n"
117 " '-c' indicates that target image must be compressed (qcow format only)\n"
118 " '-u' enables unsafe rebasing. It is assumed that old and new backing file\n"
119 " match exactly. The image doesn't need a working backing file before\n"
120 " rebasing in this case (useful for renaming the backing file)\n"
121 " '-h' with or without a command shows this help and lists the supported formats\n"
122 " '-p' show progress of command (only certain commands)\n"
123 " '-q' use Quiet mode - do not print any output (except errors)\n"
124 " '-S' indicates the consecutive number of bytes (defaults to 4k) that must\n"
125 " contain only zeros for qemu-img to create a sparse image during\n"
126 " conversion. If the number of bytes is 0, the source will not be scanned for\n"
127 " unallocated or zero sectors, and the destination image will always be\n"
129 " '--output' takes the format in which the output must be done (human or json)\n"
130 " '-n' skips the target volume creation (useful if the volume is created\n"
131 " prior to running qemu-img)\n"
133 "Parameters to check subcommand:\n"
134 " '-r' tries to repair any inconsistencies that are found during the check.\n"
135 " '-r leaks' repairs only cluster leaks, whereas '-r all' fixes all\n"
136 " kinds of errors, with a higher risk of choosing the wrong fix or\n"
137 " hiding corruption that has already occurred.\n"
139 "Parameters to snapshot subcommand:\n"
140 " 'snapshot' is the name of the snapshot to create, apply or delete\n"
141 " '-a' applies a snapshot (revert disk to saved state)\n"
142 " '-c' creates a snapshot\n"
143 " '-d' deletes a snapshot\n"
144 " '-l' lists all snapshots in the given image\n"
146 "Parameters to compare subcommand:\n"
147 " '-f' first image format\n"
148 " '-F' second image format\n"
149 " '-s' run in Strict mode - fail on different image size or sector allocation\n";
151 printf("%s\nSupported formats:", help_msg
);
152 bdrv_iterate_format(format_print
, NULL
);
157 static int GCC_FMT_ATTR(2, 3) qprintf(bool quiet
, const char *fmt
, ...)
163 ret
= vprintf(fmt
, args
);
170 static int print_block_option_help(const char *filename
, const char *fmt
)
172 BlockDriver
*drv
, *proto_drv
;
173 QemuOptsList
*create_opts
= NULL
;
174 Error
*local_err
= NULL
;
176 /* Find driver and parse its options */
177 drv
= bdrv_find_format(fmt
);
179 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt
);
183 create_opts
= qemu_opts_append(create_opts
, drv
->create_opts
);
185 proto_drv
= bdrv_find_protocol(filename
, true, &local_err
);
187 error_report_err(local_err
);
188 qemu_opts_free(create_opts
);
191 create_opts
= qemu_opts_append(create_opts
, proto_drv
->create_opts
);
194 qemu_opts_print_help(create_opts
);
195 qemu_opts_free(create_opts
);
199 static BlockBackend
*img_open(const char *id
, const char *filename
,
200 const char *fmt
, int flags
,
201 bool require_io
, bool quiet
)
204 BlockDriverState
*bs
;
206 Error
*local_err
= NULL
;
207 QDict
*options
= NULL
;
210 options
= qdict_new();
211 qdict_put(options
, "driver", qstring_from_str(fmt
));
214 blk
= blk_new_open(id
, filename
, NULL
, options
, flags
, &local_err
);
216 error_report("Could not open '%s': %s", filename
,
217 error_get_pretty(local_err
));
218 error_free(local_err
);
223 if (bdrv_is_encrypted(bs
) && require_io
) {
224 qprintf(quiet
, "Disk image '%s' is encrypted.\n", filename
);
225 if (qemu_read_password(password
, sizeof(password
)) < 0) {
226 error_report("No password given");
229 if (bdrv_set_key(bs
, password
) < 0) {
230 error_report("invalid password");
240 static int add_old_style_options(const char *fmt
, QemuOpts
*opts
,
241 const char *base_filename
,
242 const char *base_fmt
)
247 qemu_opt_set(opts
, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE
, base_filename
, &err
);
249 error_report("Backing file not supported for file format '%s'",
256 qemu_opt_set(opts
, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FMT
, base_fmt
, &err
);
258 error_report("Backing file format not supported for file "
267 static int img_create(int argc
, char **argv
)
270 uint64_t img_size
= -1;
271 const char *fmt
= "raw";
272 const char *base_fmt
= NULL
;
273 const char *filename
;
274 const char *base_filename
= NULL
;
275 char *options
= NULL
;
276 Error
*local_err
= NULL
;
280 c
= getopt(argc
, argv
, "F:b:f:he6o:q");
293 base_filename
= optarg
;
299 error_report("option -e is deprecated, please use \'-o "
300 "encryption\' instead!");
303 error_report("option -6 is deprecated, please use \'-o "
304 "compat6\' instead!");
307 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg
)) {
308 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg
);
312 options
= g_strdup(optarg
);
314 char *old_options
= options
;
315 options
= g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options
, optarg
);
325 /* Get the filename */
326 filename
= (optind
< argc
) ? argv
[optind
] : NULL
;
327 if (options
&& has_help_option(options
)) {
329 return print_block_option_help(filename
, fmt
);
332 if (optind
>= argc
) {
333 error_exit("Expecting image file name");
337 /* Get image size, if specified */
341 sval
= strtosz_suffix(argv
[optind
++], &end
, STRTOSZ_DEFSUFFIX_B
);
342 if (sval
< 0 || *end
) {
343 if (sval
== -ERANGE
) {
344 error_report("Image size must be less than 8 EiB!");
346 error_report("Invalid image size specified! You may use k, M, "
347 "G, T, P or E suffixes for ");
348 error_report("kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, "
349 "petabytes and exabytes.");
353 img_size
= (uint64_t)sval
;
355 if (optind
!= argc
) {
356 error_exit("Unexpected argument: %s", argv
[optind
]);
359 bdrv_img_create(filename
, fmt
, base_filename
, base_fmt
,
360 options
, img_size
, BDRV_O_FLAGS
, &local_err
, quiet
);
362 error_report("%s: %s", filename
, error_get_pretty(local_err
));
363 error_free(local_err
);
375 static void dump_json_image_check(ImageCheck
*check
, bool quiet
)
377 Error
*local_err
= NULL
;
379 QmpOutputVisitor
*ov
= qmp_output_visitor_new();
381 visit_type_ImageCheck(qmp_output_get_visitor(ov
),
382 &check
, NULL
, &local_err
);
383 obj
= qmp_output_get_qobject(ov
);
384 str
= qobject_to_json_pretty(obj
);
386 qprintf(quiet
, "%s\n", qstring_get_str(str
));
388 qmp_output_visitor_cleanup(ov
);
392 static void dump_human_image_check(ImageCheck
*check
, bool quiet
)
394 if (!(check
->corruptions
|| check
->leaks
|| check
->check_errors
)) {
395 qprintf(quiet
, "No errors were found on the image.\n");
397 if (check
->corruptions
) {
398 qprintf(quiet
, "\n%" PRId64
" errors were found on the image.\n"
399 "Data may be corrupted, or further writes to the image "
406 "\n%" PRId64
" leaked clusters were found on the image.\n"
407 "This means waste of disk space, but no harm to data.\n",
411 if (check
->check_errors
) {
414 " internal errors have occurred during the check.\n",
415 check
->check_errors
);
419 if (check
->total_clusters
!= 0 && check
->allocated_clusters
!= 0) {
420 qprintf(quiet
, "%" PRId64
"/%" PRId64
" = %0.2f%% allocated, "
421 "%0.2f%% fragmented, %0.2f%% compressed clusters\n",
422 check
->allocated_clusters
, check
->total_clusters
,
423 check
->allocated_clusters
* 100.0 / check
->total_clusters
,
424 check
->fragmented_clusters
* 100.0 / check
->allocated_clusters
,
425 check
->compressed_clusters
* 100.0 /
426 check
->allocated_clusters
);
429 if (check
->image_end_offset
) {
431 "Image end offset: %" PRId64
"\n", check
->image_end_offset
);
435 static int collect_image_check(BlockDriverState
*bs
,
437 const char *filename
,
442 BdrvCheckResult result
;
444 ret
= bdrv_check(bs
, &result
, fix
);
449 check
->filename
= g_strdup(filename
);
450 check
->format
= g_strdup(bdrv_get_format_name(bs
));
451 check
->check_errors
= result
.check_errors
;
452 check
->corruptions
= result
.corruptions
;
453 check
->has_corruptions
= result
.corruptions
!= 0;
454 check
->leaks
= result
.leaks
;
455 check
->has_leaks
= result
.leaks
!= 0;
456 check
->corruptions_fixed
= result
.corruptions_fixed
;
457 check
->has_corruptions_fixed
= result
.corruptions
!= 0;
458 check
->leaks_fixed
= result
.leaks_fixed
;
459 check
->has_leaks_fixed
= result
.leaks
!= 0;
460 check
->image_end_offset
= result
.image_end_offset
;
461 check
->has_image_end_offset
= result
.image_end_offset
!= 0;
462 check
->total_clusters
= result
.bfi
.total_clusters
;
463 check
->has_total_clusters
= result
.bfi
.total_clusters
!= 0;
464 check
->allocated_clusters
= result
.bfi
.allocated_clusters
;
465 check
->has_allocated_clusters
= result
.bfi
.allocated_clusters
!= 0;
466 check
->fragmented_clusters
= result
.bfi
.fragmented_clusters
;
467 check
->has_fragmented_clusters
= result
.bfi
.fragmented_clusters
!= 0;
468 check
->compressed_clusters
= result
.bfi
.compressed_clusters
;
469 check
->has_compressed_clusters
= result
.bfi
.compressed_clusters
!= 0;
475 * Checks an image for consistency. Exit codes:
477 * 0 - Check completed, image is good
478 * 1 - Check not completed because of internal errors
479 * 2 - Check completed, image is corrupted
480 * 3 - Check completed, image has leaked clusters, but is good otherwise
481 * 63 - Checks are not supported by the image format
483 static int img_check(int argc
, char **argv
)
486 OutputFormat output_format
= OFORMAT_HUMAN
;
487 const char *filename
, *fmt
, *output
, *cache
;
489 BlockDriverState
*bs
;
491 int flags
= BDRV_O_FLAGS
| BDRV_O_CHECK
;
497 cache
= BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE
;
499 int option_index
= 0;
500 static const struct option long_options
[] = {
501 {"help", no_argument
, 0, 'h'},
502 {"format", required_argument
, 0, 'f'},
503 {"repair", required_argument
, 0, 'r'},
504 {"output", required_argument
, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT
},
507 c
= getopt_long(argc
, argv
, "hf:r:T:q",
508 long_options
, &option_index
);
521 flags
|= BDRV_O_RDWR
;
523 if (!strcmp(optarg
, "leaks")) {
524 fix
= BDRV_FIX_LEAKS
;
525 } else if (!strcmp(optarg
, "all")) {
526 fix
= BDRV_FIX_LEAKS
| BDRV_FIX_ERRORS
;
528 error_exit("Unknown option value for -r "
529 "(expecting 'leaks' or 'all'): %s", optarg
);
543 if (optind
!= argc
- 1) {
544 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
546 filename
= argv
[optind
++];
548 if (output
&& !strcmp(output
, "json")) {
549 output_format
= OFORMAT_JSON
;
550 } else if (output
&& !strcmp(output
, "human")) {
551 output_format
= OFORMAT_HUMAN
;
553 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
557 ret
= bdrv_parse_cache_flags(cache
, &flags
);
559 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", cache
);
563 blk
= img_open("image", filename
, fmt
, flags
, true, quiet
);
569 check
= g_new0(ImageCheck
, 1);
570 ret
= collect_image_check(bs
, check
, filename
, fmt
, fix
);
572 if (ret
== -ENOTSUP
) {
573 error_report("This image format does not support checks");
578 if (check
->corruptions_fixed
|| check
->leaks_fixed
) {
579 int corruptions_fixed
, leaks_fixed
;
581 leaks_fixed
= check
->leaks_fixed
;
582 corruptions_fixed
= check
->corruptions_fixed
;
584 if (output_format
== OFORMAT_HUMAN
) {
586 "The following inconsistencies were found and repaired:\n\n"
587 " %" PRId64
" leaked clusters\n"
588 " %" PRId64
" corruptions\n\n"
589 "Double checking the fixed image now...\n",
591 check
->corruptions_fixed
);
594 ret
= collect_image_check(bs
, check
, filename
, fmt
, 0);
596 check
->leaks_fixed
= leaks_fixed
;
597 check
->corruptions_fixed
= corruptions_fixed
;
601 switch (output_format
) {
603 dump_human_image_check(check
, quiet
);
606 dump_json_image_check(check
, quiet
);
611 if (ret
|| check
->check_errors
) {
613 error_report("Check failed: %s", strerror(-ret
));
615 error_report("Check failed");
621 if (check
->corruptions
) {
623 } else if (check
->leaks
) {
630 qapi_free_ImageCheck(check
);
635 typedef struct CommonBlockJobCBInfo
{
636 BlockDriverState
*bs
;
638 } CommonBlockJobCBInfo
;
640 static void common_block_job_cb(void *opaque
, int ret
)
642 CommonBlockJobCBInfo
*cbi
= opaque
;
645 error_setg_errno(cbi
->errp
, -ret
, "Block job failed");
648 /* Drop this block job's reference */
652 static void run_block_job(BlockJob
*job
, Error
**errp
)
654 AioContext
*aio_context
= bdrv_get_aio_context(job
->bs
);
657 aio_poll(aio_context
, true);
658 qemu_progress_print((float)job
->offset
/ job
->len
* 100.f
, 0);
659 } while (!job
->ready
);
661 block_job_complete_sync(job
, errp
);
663 /* A block job may finish instantaneously without publishing any progress,
664 * so just signal completion here */
665 qemu_progress_print(100.f
, 0);
668 static int img_commit(int argc
, char **argv
)
671 const char *filename
, *fmt
, *cache
, *base
;
673 BlockDriverState
*bs
, *base_bs
;
674 bool progress
= false, quiet
= false, drop
= false;
675 Error
*local_err
= NULL
;
676 CommonBlockJobCBInfo cbi
;
679 cache
= BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE
;
682 c
= getopt(argc
, argv
, "f:ht:b:dpq");
714 /* Progress is not shown in Quiet mode */
719 if (optind
!= argc
- 1) {
720 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
722 filename
= argv
[optind
++];
724 flags
= BDRV_O_RDWR
| BDRV_O_UNMAP
;
725 ret
= bdrv_parse_cache_flags(cache
, &flags
);
727 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache
);
731 blk
= img_open("image", filename
, fmt
, flags
, true, quiet
);
737 qemu_progress_init(progress
, 1.f
);
738 qemu_progress_print(0.f
, 100);
741 base_bs
= bdrv_find_backing_image(bs
, base
);
743 error_setg(&local_err
, QERR_BASE_NOT_FOUND
, base
);
747 /* This is different from QMP, which by default uses the deepest file in
748 * the backing chain (i.e., the very base); however, the traditional
749 * behavior of qemu-img commit is using the immediate backing file. */
750 base_bs
= bs
->backing_hd
;
752 error_setg(&local_err
, "Image does not have a backing file");
757 cbi
= (CommonBlockJobCBInfo
){
762 commit_active_start(bs
, base_bs
, 0, BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT
,
763 common_block_job_cb
, &cbi
, &local_err
);
768 /* The block job will swap base_bs and bs (which is not what we really want
769 * here, but okay) and unref base_bs (after the swap, i.e., the old top
770 * image). In order to still be able to empty that top image afterwards,
771 * increment the reference counter here preemptively. */
776 run_block_job(bs
->job
, &local_err
);
781 if (!drop
&& base_bs
->drv
->bdrv_make_empty
) {
782 ret
= base_bs
->drv
->bdrv_make_empty(base_bs
);
784 error_setg_errno(&local_err
, -ret
, "Could not empty %s",
801 error_report_err(local_err
);
805 qprintf(quiet
, "Image committed.\n");
810 * Returns true iff the first sector pointed to by 'buf' contains at least
813 * 'pnum' is set to the number of sectors (including and immediately following
814 * the first one) that are known to be in the same allocated/unallocated state.
816 static int is_allocated_sectors(const uint8_t *buf
, int n
, int *pnum
)
825 is_zero
= buffer_is_zero(buf
, 512);
826 for(i
= 1; i
< n
; i
++) {
828 if (is_zero
!= buffer_is_zero(buf
, 512)) {
837 * Like is_allocated_sectors, but if the buffer starts with a used sector,
838 * up to 'min' consecutive sectors containing zeros are ignored. This avoids
839 * breaking up write requests for only small sparse areas.
841 static int is_allocated_sectors_min(const uint8_t *buf
, int n
, int *pnum
,
845 int num_checked
, num_used
;
851 ret
= is_allocated_sectors(buf
, n
, pnum
);
857 buf
+= BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE
* *pnum
;
859 num_checked
= num_used
;
862 ret
= is_allocated_sectors(buf
, n
, pnum
);
864 buf
+= BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE
* *pnum
;
866 num_checked
+= *pnum
;
868 num_used
= num_checked
;
869 } else if (*pnum
>= min
) {
879 * Compares two buffers sector by sector. Returns 0 if the first sector of both
880 * buffers matches, non-zero otherwise.
882 * pnum is set to the number of sectors (including and immediately following
883 * the first one) that are known to have the same comparison result
885 static int compare_sectors(const uint8_t *buf1
, const uint8_t *buf2
, int n
,
896 res
= !!memcmp(buf1
, buf2
, 512);
897 for(i
= 1; i
< n
; i
++) {
901 if (!!memcmp(buf1
, buf2
, 512) != res
) {
910 #define IO_BUF_SIZE (2 * 1024 * 1024)
912 static int64_t sectors_to_bytes(int64_t sectors
)
914 return sectors
<< BDRV_SECTOR_BITS
;
917 static int64_t sectors_to_process(int64_t total
, int64_t from
)
919 return MIN(total
- from
, IO_BUF_SIZE
>> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS
);
923 * Check if passed sectors are empty (not allocated or contain only 0 bytes)
925 * Returns 0 in case sectors are filled with 0, 1 if sectors contain non-zero
926 * data and negative value on error.
928 * @param blk: BlockBackend for the image
929 * @param sect_num: Number of first sector to check
930 * @param sect_count: Number of sectors to check
931 * @param filename: Name of disk file we are checking (logging purpose)
932 * @param buffer: Allocated buffer for storing read data
933 * @param quiet: Flag for quiet mode
935 static int check_empty_sectors(BlockBackend
*blk
, int64_t sect_num
,
936 int sect_count
, const char *filename
,
937 uint8_t *buffer
, bool quiet
)
940 ret
= blk_read(blk
, sect_num
, buffer
, sect_count
);
942 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
" of %s: %s",
943 sectors_to_bytes(sect_num
), filename
, strerror(-ret
));
946 ret
= is_allocated_sectors(buffer
, sect_count
, &pnum
);
947 if (ret
|| pnum
!= sect_count
) {
948 qprintf(quiet
, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64
"!\n",
949 sectors_to_bytes(ret
? sect_num
: sect_num
+ pnum
));
957 * Compares two images. Exit codes:
959 * 0 - Images are identical
961 * >1 - Error occurred
963 static int img_compare(int argc
, char **argv
)
965 const char *fmt1
= NULL
, *fmt2
= NULL
, *cache
, *filename1
, *filename2
;
966 BlockBackend
*blk1
, *blk2
;
967 BlockDriverState
*bs1
, *bs2
;
968 int64_t total_sectors1
, total_sectors2
;
969 uint8_t *buf1
= NULL
, *buf2
= NULL
;
971 int allocated1
, allocated2
;
972 int ret
= 0; /* return value - 0 Ident, 1 Different, >1 Error */
973 bool progress
= false, quiet
= false, strict
= false;
975 int64_t total_sectors
;
976 int64_t sector_num
= 0;
979 uint64_t progress_base
;
981 cache
= BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE
;
983 c
= getopt(argc
, argv
, "hf:F:T:pqs");
1013 /* Progress is not shown in Quiet mode */
1019 if (optind
!= argc
- 2) {
1020 error_exit("Expecting two image file names");
1022 filename1
= argv
[optind
++];
1023 filename2
= argv
[optind
++];
1025 /* Initialize before goto out */
1026 qemu_progress_init(progress
, 2.0);
1028 flags
= BDRV_O_FLAGS
;
1029 ret
= bdrv_parse_cache_flags(cache
, &flags
);
1031 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", cache
);
1036 blk1
= img_open("image_1", filename1
, fmt1
, flags
, true, quiet
);
1043 blk2
= img_open("image_2", filename2
, fmt2
, flags
, true, quiet
);
1050 buf1
= blk_blockalign(blk1
, IO_BUF_SIZE
);
1051 buf2
= blk_blockalign(blk2
, IO_BUF_SIZE
);
1052 total_sectors1
= blk_nb_sectors(blk1
);
1053 if (total_sectors1
< 0) {
1054 error_report("Can't get size of %s: %s",
1055 filename1
, strerror(-total_sectors1
));
1059 total_sectors2
= blk_nb_sectors(blk2
);
1060 if (total_sectors2
< 0) {
1061 error_report("Can't get size of %s: %s",
1062 filename2
, strerror(-total_sectors2
));
1066 total_sectors
= MIN(total_sectors1
, total_sectors2
);
1067 progress_base
= MAX(total_sectors1
, total_sectors2
);
1069 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
1071 if (strict
&& total_sectors1
!= total_sectors2
) {
1073 qprintf(quiet
, "Strict mode: Image size mismatch!\n");
1078 nb_sectors
= sectors_to_process(total_sectors
, sector_num
);
1079 if (nb_sectors
<= 0) {
1082 allocated1
= bdrv_is_allocated_above(bs1
, NULL
, sector_num
, nb_sectors
,
1084 if (allocated1
< 0) {
1086 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename1
);
1090 allocated2
= bdrv_is_allocated_above(bs2
, NULL
, sector_num
, nb_sectors
,
1092 if (allocated2
< 0) {
1094 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename2
);
1097 nb_sectors
= MIN(pnum1
, pnum2
);
1099 if (allocated1
== allocated2
) {
1101 ret
= blk_read(blk1
, sector_num
, buf1
, nb_sectors
);
1103 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
" of %s:"
1104 " %s", sectors_to_bytes(sector_num
), filename1
,
1109 ret
= blk_read(blk2
, sector_num
, buf2
, nb_sectors
);
1111 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1112 " of %s: %s", sectors_to_bytes(sector_num
),
1113 filename2
, strerror(-ret
));
1117 ret
= compare_sectors(buf1
, buf2
, nb_sectors
, &pnum
);
1118 if (ret
|| pnum
!= nb_sectors
) {
1119 qprintf(quiet
, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64
"!\n",
1121 ret
? sector_num
: sector_num
+ pnum
));
1129 qprintf(quiet
, "Strict mode: Offset %" PRId64
1130 " allocation mismatch!\n",
1131 sectors_to_bytes(sector_num
));
1136 ret
= check_empty_sectors(blk1
, sector_num
, nb_sectors
,
1137 filename1
, buf1
, quiet
);
1139 ret
= check_empty_sectors(blk2
, sector_num
, nb_sectors
,
1140 filename2
, buf1
, quiet
);
1144 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
": %s",
1145 sectors_to_bytes(sector_num
), strerror(-ret
));
1151 sector_num
+= nb_sectors
;
1152 qemu_progress_print(((float) nb_sectors
/ progress_base
)*100, 100);
1155 if (total_sectors1
!= total_sectors2
) {
1156 BlockBackend
*blk_over
;
1157 int64_t total_sectors_over
;
1158 const char *filename_over
;
1160 qprintf(quiet
, "Warning: Image size mismatch!\n");
1161 if (total_sectors1
> total_sectors2
) {
1162 total_sectors_over
= total_sectors1
;
1164 filename_over
= filename1
;
1166 total_sectors_over
= total_sectors2
;
1168 filename_over
= filename2
;
1172 nb_sectors
= sectors_to_process(total_sectors_over
, sector_num
);
1173 if (nb_sectors
<= 0) {
1176 ret
= bdrv_is_allocated_above(blk_bs(blk_over
), NULL
, sector_num
,
1180 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s",
1187 ret
= check_empty_sectors(blk_over
, sector_num
, nb_sectors
,
1188 filename_over
, buf1
, quiet
);
1191 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1192 " of %s: %s", sectors_to_bytes(sector_num
),
1193 filename_over
, strerror(-ret
));
1199 sector_num
+= nb_sectors
;
1200 qemu_progress_print(((float) nb_sectors
/ progress_base
)*100, 100);
1204 qprintf(quiet
, "Images are identical.\n");
1214 qemu_progress_end();
1218 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus
{
1224 typedef struct ImgConvertState
{
1226 int64_t *src_sectors
;
1227 int src_cur
, src_num
;
1228 int64_t src_cur_offset
;
1229 int64_t total_sectors
;
1230 int64_t allocated_sectors
;
1231 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status
;
1232 int64_t sector_next_status
;
1233 BlockBackend
*target
;
1236 bool target_has_backing
;
1238 size_t cluster_sectors
;
1242 static void convert_select_part(ImgConvertState
*s
, int64_t sector_num
)
1244 assert(sector_num
>= s
->src_cur_offset
);
1245 while (sector_num
- s
->src_cur_offset
>= s
->src_sectors
[s
->src_cur
]) {
1246 s
->src_cur_offset
+= s
->src_sectors
[s
->src_cur
];
1248 assert(s
->src_cur
< s
->src_num
);
1252 static int convert_iteration_sectors(ImgConvertState
*s
, int64_t sector_num
)
1257 convert_select_part(s
, sector_num
);
1259 assert(s
->total_sectors
> sector_num
);
1260 n
= MIN(s
->total_sectors
- sector_num
, BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_SECTORS
);
1262 if (s
->sector_next_status
<= sector_num
) {
1263 ret
= bdrv_get_block_status(blk_bs(s
->src
[s
->src_cur
]),
1264 sector_num
- s
->src_cur_offset
,
1270 if (ret
& BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO
) {
1271 s
->status
= BLK_ZERO
;
1272 } else if (ret
& BDRV_BLOCK_DATA
) {
1273 s
->status
= BLK_DATA
;
1274 } else if (!s
->target_has_backing
) {
1275 /* Without a target backing file we must copy over the contents of
1276 * the backing file as well. */
1277 /* TODO Check block status of the backing file chain to avoid
1278 * needlessly reading zeroes and limiting the iteration to the
1280 s
->status
= BLK_DATA
;
1282 s
->status
= BLK_BACKING_FILE
;
1285 s
->sector_next_status
= sector_num
+ n
;
1288 n
= MIN(n
, s
->sector_next_status
- sector_num
);
1289 if (s
->status
== BLK_DATA
) {
1290 n
= MIN(n
, s
->buf_sectors
);
1293 /* We need to write complete clusters for compressed images, so if an
1294 * unallocated area is shorter than that, we must consider the whole
1295 * cluster allocated. */
1296 if (s
->compressed
) {
1297 if (n
< s
->cluster_sectors
) {
1298 n
= MIN(s
->cluster_sectors
, s
->total_sectors
- sector_num
);
1299 s
->status
= BLK_DATA
;
1301 n
= QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(n
, s
->cluster_sectors
);
1308 static int convert_read(ImgConvertState
*s
, int64_t sector_num
, int nb_sectors
,
1314 if (s
->status
== BLK_ZERO
|| s
->status
== BLK_BACKING_FILE
) {
1318 assert(nb_sectors
<= s
->buf_sectors
);
1319 while (nb_sectors
> 0) {
1323 /* In the case of compression with multiple source files, we can get a
1324 * nb_sectors that spreads into the next part. So we must be able to
1325 * read across multiple BDSes for one convert_read() call. */
1326 convert_select_part(s
, sector_num
);
1327 blk
= s
->src
[s
->src_cur
];
1328 bs_sectors
= s
->src_sectors
[s
->src_cur
];
1330 n
= MIN(nb_sectors
, bs_sectors
- (sector_num
- s
->src_cur_offset
));
1331 ret
= blk_read(blk
, sector_num
- s
->src_cur_offset
, buf
, n
);
1338 buf
+= n
* BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE
;
1344 static int convert_write(ImgConvertState
*s
, int64_t sector_num
, int nb_sectors
,
1349 while (nb_sectors
> 0) {
1352 switch (s
->status
) {
1353 case BLK_BACKING_FILE
:
1354 /* If we have a backing file, leave clusters unallocated that are
1355 * unallocated in the source image, so that the backing file is
1356 * visible at the respective offset. */
1357 assert(s
->target_has_backing
);
1361 /* We must always write compressed clusters as a whole, so don't
1362 * try to find zeroed parts in the buffer. We can only save the
1363 * write if the buffer is completely zeroed and we're allowed to
1364 * keep the target sparse. */
1365 if (s
->compressed
) {
1366 if (s
->has_zero_init
&& s
->min_sparse
&&
1367 buffer_is_zero(buf
, n
* BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE
))
1369 assert(!s
->target_has_backing
);
1373 ret
= blk_write_compressed(s
->target
, sector_num
, buf
, n
);
1380 /* If there is real non-zero data or we're told to keep the target
1381 * fully allocated (-S 0), we must write it. Otherwise we can treat
1382 * it as zero sectors. */
1383 if (!s
->min_sparse
||
1384 is_allocated_sectors_min(buf
, n
, &n
, s
->min_sparse
))
1386 ret
= blk_write(s
->target
, sector_num
, buf
, n
);
1395 if (s
->has_zero_init
) {
1398 ret
= blk_write_zeroes(s
->target
, sector_num
, n
, 0);
1407 buf
+= n
* BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE
;
1413 static int convert_do_copy(ImgConvertState
*s
)
1415 uint8_t *buf
= NULL
;
1416 int64_t sector_num
, allocated_done
;
1420 /* Check whether we have zero initialisation or can get it efficiently */
1421 s
->has_zero_init
= s
->min_sparse
&& !s
->target_has_backing
1422 ? bdrv_has_zero_init(blk_bs(s
->target
))
1425 if (!s
->has_zero_init
&& !s
->target_has_backing
&&
1426 bdrv_can_write_zeroes_with_unmap(blk_bs(s
->target
)))
1428 ret
= bdrv_make_zero(blk_bs(s
->target
), BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP
);
1430 s
->has_zero_init
= true;
1434 /* Allocate buffer for copied data. For compressed images, only one cluster
1435 * can be copied at a time. */
1436 if (s
->compressed
) {
1437 if (s
->cluster_sectors
<= 0 || s
->cluster_sectors
> s
->buf_sectors
) {
1438 error_report("invalid cluster size");
1442 s
->buf_sectors
= s
->cluster_sectors
;
1444 buf
= blk_blockalign(s
->target
, s
->buf_sectors
* BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE
);
1446 /* Calculate allocated sectors for progress */
1447 s
->allocated_sectors
= 0;
1449 while (sector_num
< s
->total_sectors
) {
1450 n
= convert_iteration_sectors(s
, sector_num
);
1455 if (s
->status
== BLK_DATA
) {
1456 s
->allocated_sectors
+= n
;
1463 s
->src_cur_offset
= 0;
1464 s
->sector_next_status
= 0;
1469 while (sector_num
< s
->total_sectors
) {
1470 n
= convert_iteration_sectors(s
, sector_num
);
1475 if (s
->status
== BLK_DATA
) {
1476 allocated_done
+= n
;
1477 qemu_progress_print(100.0 * allocated_done
/ s
->allocated_sectors
,
1481 ret
= convert_read(s
, sector_num
, n
, buf
);
1483 error_report("error while reading sector %" PRId64
1484 ": %s", sector_num
, strerror(-ret
));
1488 ret
= convert_write(s
, sector_num
, n
, buf
);
1490 error_report("error while writing sector %" PRId64
1491 ": %s", sector_num
, strerror(-ret
));
1498 if (s
->compressed
) {
1499 /* signal EOF to align */
1500 ret
= blk_write_compressed(s
->target
, 0, NULL
, 0);
1512 static int img_convert(int argc
, char **argv
)
1514 int c
, bs_n
, bs_i
, compress
, cluster_sectors
, skip_create
;
1516 int progress
= 0, flags
, src_flags
;
1517 const char *fmt
, *out_fmt
, *cache
, *src_cache
, *out_baseimg
, *out_filename
;
1518 BlockDriver
*drv
, *proto_drv
;
1519 BlockBackend
**blk
= NULL
, *out_blk
= NULL
;
1520 BlockDriverState
**bs
= NULL
, *out_bs
= NULL
;
1521 int64_t total_sectors
;
1522 int64_t *bs_sectors
= NULL
;
1523 size_t bufsectors
= IO_BUF_SIZE
/ BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE
;
1524 BlockDriverInfo bdi
;
1525 QemuOpts
*opts
= NULL
;
1526 QemuOptsList
*create_opts
= NULL
;
1527 const char *out_baseimg_param
;
1528 char *options
= NULL
;
1529 const char *snapshot_name
= NULL
;
1530 int min_sparse
= 8; /* Need at least 4k of zeros for sparse detection */
1532 Error
*local_err
= NULL
;
1533 QemuOpts
*sn_opts
= NULL
;
1534 ImgConvertState state
;
1539 src_cache
= BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE
;
1544 c
= getopt(argc
, argv
, "hf:O:B:ce6o:s:l:S:pt:T:qn");
1560 out_baseimg
= optarg
;
1566 error_report("option -e is deprecated, please use \'-o "
1567 "encryption\' instead!");
1571 error_report("option -6 is deprecated, please use \'-o "
1572 "compat6\' instead!");
1576 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg
)) {
1577 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg
);
1582 options
= g_strdup(optarg
);
1584 char *old_options
= options
;
1585 options
= g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options
, optarg
);
1586 g_free(old_options
);
1590 snapshot_name
= optarg
;
1593 if (strstart(optarg
, SNAPSHOT_OPT_BASE
, NULL
)) {
1594 sn_opts
= qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&internal_snapshot_opts
,
1597 error_report("Failed in parsing snapshot param '%s'",
1603 snapshot_name
= optarg
;
1610 sval
= strtosz_suffix(optarg
, &end
, STRTOSZ_DEFSUFFIX_B
);
1611 if (sval
< 0 || *end
) {
1612 error_report("Invalid minimum zero buffer size for sparse output specified");
1617 min_sparse
= sval
/ BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE
;
1638 /* Initialize before goto out */
1642 qemu_progress_init(progress
, 1.0);
1645 bs_n
= argc
- optind
- 1;
1646 out_filename
= bs_n
>= 1 ? argv
[argc
- 1] : NULL
;
1648 if (options
&& has_help_option(options
)) {
1649 ret
= print_block_option_help(out_filename
, out_fmt
);
1654 error_exit("Must specify image file name");
1658 if (bs_n
> 1 && out_baseimg
) {
1659 error_report("-B makes no sense when concatenating multiple input "
1665 src_flags
= BDRV_O_FLAGS
;
1666 ret
= bdrv_parse_cache_flags(src_cache
, &src_flags
);
1668 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", src_cache
);
1672 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
1674 blk
= g_new0(BlockBackend
*, bs_n
);
1675 bs
= g_new0(BlockDriverState
*, bs_n
);
1676 bs_sectors
= g_new(int64_t, bs_n
);
1679 for (bs_i
= 0; bs_i
< bs_n
; bs_i
++) {
1680 char *id
= bs_n
> 1 ? g_strdup_printf("source_%d", bs_i
)
1681 : g_strdup("source");
1682 blk
[bs_i
] = img_open(id
, argv
[optind
+ bs_i
], fmt
, src_flags
,
1689 bs
[bs_i
] = blk_bs(blk
[bs_i
]);
1690 bs_sectors
[bs_i
] = blk_nb_sectors(blk
[bs_i
]);
1691 if (bs_sectors
[bs_i
] < 0) {
1692 error_report("Could not get size of %s: %s",
1693 argv
[optind
+ bs_i
], strerror(-bs_sectors
[bs_i
]));
1697 total_sectors
+= bs_sectors
[bs_i
];
1701 ret
= bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp(bs
[0],
1702 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts
, SNAPSHOT_OPT_ID
),
1703 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts
, SNAPSHOT_OPT_NAME
),
1705 } else if (snapshot_name
!= NULL
) {
1707 error_report("No support for concatenating multiple snapshot");
1712 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp_by_id_or_name(bs
[0], snapshot_name
, &local_err
);
1715 error_report("Failed to load snapshot: %s",
1716 error_get_pretty(local_err
));
1717 error_free(local_err
);
1722 /* Find driver and parse its options */
1723 drv
= bdrv_find_format(out_fmt
);
1725 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", out_fmt
);
1730 proto_drv
= bdrv_find_protocol(out_filename
, true, &local_err
);
1732 error_report_err(local_err
);
1738 if (!drv
->create_opts
) {
1739 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation",
1745 if (!proto_drv
->create_opts
) {
1746 error_report("Protocol driver '%s' does not support image creation",
1747 proto_drv
->format_name
);
1752 create_opts
= qemu_opts_append(create_opts
, drv
->create_opts
);
1753 create_opts
= qemu_opts_append(create_opts
, proto_drv
->create_opts
);
1755 opts
= qemu_opts_create(create_opts
, NULL
, 0, &error_abort
);
1757 qemu_opts_do_parse(opts
, options
, NULL
, &local_err
);
1759 error_report_err(local_err
);
1765 qemu_opt_set_number(opts
, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE
, total_sectors
* 512,
1767 ret
= add_old_style_options(out_fmt
, opts
, out_baseimg
, NULL
);
1773 /* Get backing file name if -o backing_file was used */
1774 out_baseimg_param
= qemu_opt_get(opts
, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE
);
1775 if (out_baseimg_param
) {
1776 out_baseimg
= out_baseimg_param
;
1779 /* Check if compression is supported */
1782 qemu_opt_get_bool(opts
, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT
, false);
1783 const char *preallocation
=
1784 qemu_opt_get(opts
, BLOCK_OPT_PREALLOC
);
1786 if (!drv
->bdrv_write_compressed
) {
1787 error_report("Compression not supported for this file format");
1793 error_report("Compression and encryption not supported at "
1800 && strcmp(preallocation
, "off"))
1802 error_report("Compression and preallocation not supported at "
1810 /* Create the new image */
1811 ret
= bdrv_create(drv
, out_filename
, opts
, &local_err
);
1813 error_report("%s: error while converting %s: %s",
1814 out_filename
, out_fmt
, error_get_pretty(local_err
));
1815 error_free(local_err
);
1820 flags
= min_sparse
? (BDRV_O_RDWR
| BDRV_O_UNMAP
) : BDRV_O_RDWR
;
1821 ret
= bdrv_parse_cache_flags(cache
, &flags
);
1823 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache
);
1827 out_blk
= img_open("target", out_filename
, out_fmt
, flags
, true, quiet
);
1832 out_bs
= blk_bs(out_blk
);
1834 /* increase bufsectors from the default 4096 (2M) if opt_transfer_length
1835 * or discard_alignment of the out_bs is greater. Limit to 32768 (16MB)
1837 bufsectors
= MIN(32768,
1838 MAX(bufsectors
, MAX(out_bs
->bl
.opt_transfer_length
,
1839 out_bs
->bl
.discard_alignment
))
1843 int64_t output_sectors
= blk_nb_sectors(out_blk
);
1844 if (output_sectors
< 0) {
1845 error_report("unable to get output image length: %s",
1846 strerror(-output_sectors
));
1849 } else if (output_sectors
< total_sectors
) {
1850 error_report("output file is smaller than input file");
1856 cluster_sectors
= 0;
1857 ret
= bdrv_get_info(out_bs
, &bdi
);
1860 error_report("could not get block driver info");
1864 compress
= compress
|| bdi
.needs_compressed_writes
;
1865 cluster_sectors
= bdi
.cluster_size
/ BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE
;
1868 state
= (ImgConvertState
) {
1870 .src_sectors
= bs_sectors
,
1872 .total_sectors
= total_sectors
,
1874 .compressed
= compress
,
1875 .target_has_backing
= (bool) out_baseimg
,
1876 .min_sparse
= min_sparse
,
1877 .cluster_sectors
= cluster_sectors
,
1878 .buf_sectors
= bufsectors
,
1880 ret
= convert_do_copy(&state
);
1884 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
1886 qemu_progress_end();
1887 qemu_opts_del(opts
);
1888 qemu_opts_free(create_opts
);
1889 qemu_opts_del(sn_opts
);
1893 for (bs_i
= 0; bs_i
< bs_n
; bs_i
++) {
1894 blk_unref(blk
[bs_i
]);
1909 static void dump_snapshots(BlockDriverState
*bs
)
1911 QEMUSnapshotInfo
*sn_tab
, *sn
;
1914 nb_sns
= bdrv_snapshot_list(bs
, &sn_tab
);
1917 printf("Snapshot list:\n");
1918 bdrv_snapshot_dump(fprintf
, stdout
, NULL
);
1920 for(i
= 0; i
< nb_sns
; i
++) {
1922 bdrv_snapshot_dump(fprintf
, stdout
, sn
);
1928 static void dump_json_image_info_list(ImageInfoList
*list
)
1930 Error
*local_err
= NULL
;
1932 QmpOutputVisitor
*ov
= qmp_output_visitor_new();
1934 visit_type_ImageInfoList(qmp_output_get_visitor(ov
),
1935 &list
, NULL
, &local_err
);
1936 obj
= qmp_output_get_qobject(ov
);
1937 str
= qobject_to_json_pretty(obj
);
1938 assert(str
!= NULL
);
1939 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str
));
1940 qobject_decref(obj
);
1941 qmp_output_visitor_cleanup(ov
);
1945 static void dump_json_image_info(ImageInfo
*info
)
1947 Error
*local_err
= NULL
;
1949 QmpOutputVisitor
*ov
= qmp_output_visitor_new();
1951 visit_type_ImageInfo(qmp_output_get_visitor(ov
),
1952 &info
, NULL
, &local_err
);
1953 obj
= qmp_output_get_qobject(ov
);
1954 str
= qobject_to_json_pretty(obj
);
1955 assert(str
!= NULL
);
1956 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str
));
1957 qobject_decref(obj
);
1958 qmp_output_visitor_cleanup(ov
);
1962 static void dump_human_image_info_list(ImageInfoList
*list
)
1964 ImageInfoList
*elem
;
1967 for (elem
= list
; elem
; elem
= elem
->next
) {
1973 bdrv_image_info_dump(fprintf
, stdout
, elem
->value
);
1977 static gboolean
str_equal_func(gconstpointer a
, gconstpointer b
)
1979 return strcmp(a
, b
) == 0;
1983 * Open an image file chain and return an ImageInfoList
1985 * @filename: topmost image filename
1986 * @fmt: topmost image format (may be NULL to autodetect)
1987 * @chain: true - enumerate entire backing file chain
1988 * false - only topmost image file
1990 * Returns a list of ImageInfo objects or NULL if there was an error opening an
1991 * image file. If there was an error a message will have been printed to
1994 static ImageInfoList
*collect_image_info_list(const char *filename
,
1998 ImageInfoList
*head
= NULL
;
1999 ImageInfoList
**last
= &head
;
2000 GHashTable
*filenames
;
2003 filenames
= g_hash_table_new_full(g_str_hash
, str_equal_func
, NULL
, NULL
);
2007 BlockDriverState
*bs
;
2009 ImageInfoList
*elem
;
2011 if (g_hash_table_lookup_extended(filenames
, filename
, NULL
, NULL
)) {
2012 error_report("Backing file '%s' creates an infinite loop.",
2016 g_hash_table_insert(filenames
, (gpointer
)filename
, NULL
);
2018 blk
= img_open("image", filename
, fmt
,
2019 BDRV_O_FLAGS
| BDRV_O_NO_BACKING
, false, false);
2025 bdrv_query_image_info(bs
, &info
, &err
);
2027 error_report_err(err
);
2032 elem
= g_new0(ImageInfoList
, 1);
2039 filename
= fmt
= NULL
;
2041 if (info
->has_full_backing_filename
) {
2042 filename
= info
->full_backing_filename
;
2043 } else if (info
->has_backing_filename
) {
2044 filename
= info
->backing_filename
;
2046 if (info
->has_backing_filename_format
) {
2047 fmt
= info
->backing_filename_format
;
2051 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames
);
2055 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(head
);
2056 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames
);
2060 static int img_info(int argc
, char **argv
)
2063 OutputFormat output_format
= OFORMAT_HUMAN
;
2065 const char *filename
, *fmt
, *output
;
2066 ImageInfoList
*list
;
2071 int option_index
= 0;
2072 static const struct option long_options
[] = {
2073 {"help", no_argument
, 0, 'h'},
2074 {"format", required_argument
, 0, 'f'},
2075 {"output", required_argument
, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT
},
2076 {"backing-chain", no_argument
, 0, OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN
},
2079 c
= getopt_long(argc
, argv
, "f:h",
2080 long_options
, &option_index
);
2095 case OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN
:
2100 if (optind
!= argc
- 1) {
2101 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2103 filename
= argv
[optind
++];
2105 if (output
&& !strcmp(output
, "json")) {
2106 output_format
= OFORMAT_JSON
;
2107 } else if (output
&& !strcmp(output
, "human")) {
2108 output_format
= OFORMAT_HUMAN
;
2109 } else if (output
) {
2110 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
2114 list
= collect_image_info_list(filename
, fmt
, chain
);
2119 switch (output_format
) {
2121 dump_human_image_info_list(list
);
2125 dump_json_image_info_list(list
);
2127 dump_json_image_info(list
->value
);
2132 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(list
);
2137 typedef struct MapEntry
{
2143 BlockDriverState
*bs
;
2146 static void dump_map_entry(OutputFormat output_format
, MapEntry
*e
,
2149 switch (output_format
) {
2151 if ((e
->flags
& BDRV_BLOCK_DATA
) &&
2152 !(e
->flags
& BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID
)) {
2153 error_report("File contains external, encrypted or compressed clusters.");
2156 if ((e
->flags
& (BDRV_BLOCK_DATA
|BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO
)) == BDRV_BLOCK_DATA
) {
2157 printf("%#-16"PRIx64
"%#-16"PRIx64
"%#-16"PRIx64
"%s\n",
2158 e
->start
, e
->length
, e
->offset
, e
->bs
->filename
);
2160 /* This format ignores the distinction between 0, ZERO and ZERO|DATA.
2161 * Modify the flags here to allow more coalescing.
2164 (next
->flags
& (BDRV_BLOCK_DATA
|BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO
)) != BDRV_BLOCK_DATA
) {
2165 next
->flags
&= ~BDRV_BLOCK_DATA
;
2166 next
->flags
|= BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO
;
2170 printf("%s{ \"start\": %"PRId64
", \"length\": %"PRId64
", \"depth\": %d,"
2171 " \"zero\": %s, \"data\": %s",
2172 (e
->start
== 0 ? "[" : ",\n"),
2173 e
->start
, e
->length
, e
->depth
,
2174 (e
->flags
& BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO
) ? "true" : "false",
2175 (e
->flags
& BDRV_BLOCK_DATA
) ? "true" : "false");
2176 if (e
->flags
& BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID
) {
2177 printf(", \"offset\": %"PRId64
"", e
->offset
);
2188 static int get_block_status(BlockDriverState
*bs
, int64_t sector_num
,
2189 int nb_sectors
, MapEntry
*e
)
2194 /* As an optimization, we could cache the current range of unallocated
2195 * clusters in each file of the chain, and avoid querying the same
2201 ret
= bdrv_get_block_status(bs
, sector_num
, nb_sectors
, &nb_sectors
);
2206 if (ret
& (BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO
|BDRV_BLOCK_DATA
)) {
2209 bs
= bs
->backing_hd
;
2218 e
->start
= sector_num
* BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE
;
2219 e
->length
= nb_sectors
* BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE
;
2220 e
->flags
= ret
& ~BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_MASK
;
2221 e
->offset
= ret
& BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_MASK
;
2227 static int img_map(int argc
, char **argv
)
2230 OutputFormat output_format
= OFORMAT_HUMAN
;
2232 BlockDriverState
*bs
;
2233 const char *filename
, *fmt
, *output
;
2235 MapEntry curr
= { .length
= 0 }, next
;
2241 int option_index
= 0;
2242 static const struct option long_options
[] = {
2243 {"help", no_argument
, 0, 'h'},
2244 {"format", required_argument
, 0, 'f'},
2245 {"output", required_argument
, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT
},
2248 c
= getopt_long(argc
, argv
, "f:h",
2249 long_options
, &option_index
);
2266 if (optind
!= argc
- 1) {
2267 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2269 filename
= argv
[optind
];
2271 if (output
&& !strcmp(output
, "json")) {
2272 output_format
= OFORMAT_JSON
;
2273 } else if (output
&& !strcmp(output
, "human")) {
2274 output_format
= OFORMAT_HUMAN
;
2275 } else if (output
) {
2276 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
2280 blk
= img_open("image", filename
, fmt
, BDRV_O_FLAGS
, true, false);
2286 if (output_format
== OFORMAT_HUMAN
) {
2287 printf("%-16s%-16s%-16s%s\n", "Offset", "Length", "Mapped to", "File");
2290 length
= blk_getlength(blk
);
2291 while (curr
.start
+ curr
.length
< length
) {
2292 int64_t nsectors_left
;
2296 sector_num
= (curr
.start
+ curr
.length
) >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS
;
2298 /* Probe up to 1 GiB at a time. */
2299 nsectors_left
= DIV_ROUND_UP(length
, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE
) - sector_num
;
2300 n
= MIN(1 << (30 - BDRV_SECTOR_BITS
), nsectors_left
);
2301 ret
= get_block_status(bs
, sector_num
, n
, &next
);
2304 error_report("Could not read file metadata: %s", strerror(-ret
));
2308 if (curr
.length
!= 0 && curr
.flags
== next
.flags
&&
2309 curr
.depth
== next
.depth
&&
2310 ((curr
.flags
& BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID
) == 0 ||
2311 curr
.offset
+ curr
.length
== next
.offset
)) {
2312 curr
.length
+= next
.length
;
2316 if (curr
.length
> 0) {
2317 dump_map_entry(output_format
, &curr
, &next
);
2322 dump_map_entry(output_format
, &curr
, NULL
);
2329 #define SNAPSHOT_LIST 1
2330 #define SNAPSHOT_CREATE 2
2331 #define SNAPSHOT_APPLY 3
2332 #define SNAPSHOT_DELETE 4
2334 static int img_snapshot(int argc
, char **argv
)
2337 BlockDriverState
*bs
;
2338 QEMUSnapshotInfo sn
;
2339 char *filename
, *snapshot_name
= NULL
;
2340 int c
, ret
= 0, bdrv_oflags
;
2346 bdrv_oflags
= BDRV_O_FLAGS
| BDRV_O_RDWR
;
2347 /* Parse commandline parameters */
2349 c
= getopt(argc
, argv
, "la:c:d:hq");
2360 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2363 action
= SNAPSHOT_LIST
;
2364 bdrv_oflags
&= ~BDRV_O_RDWR
; /* no need for RW */
2368 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2371 action
= SNAPSHOT_APPLY
;
2372 snapshot_name
= optarg
;
2376 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2379 action
= SNAPSHOT_CREATE
;
2380 snapshot_name
= optarg
;
2384 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2387 action
= SNAPSHOT_DELETE
;
2388 snapshot_name
= optarg
;
2396 if (optind
!= argc
- 1) {
2397 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2399 filename
= argv
[optind
++];
2401 /* Open the image */
2402 blk
= img_open("image", filename
, NULL
, bdrv_oflags
, true, quiet
);
2408 /* Perform the requested action */
2414 case SNAPSHOT_CREATE
:
2415 memset(&sn
, 0, sizeof(sn
));
2416 pstrcpy(sn
.name
, sizeof(sn
.name
), snapshot_name
);
2418 qemu_gettimeofday(&tv
);
2419 sn
.date_sec
= tv
.tv_sec
;
2420 sn
.date_nsec
= tv
.tv_usec
* 1000;
2422 ret
= bdrv_snapshot_create(bs
, &sn
);
2424 error_report("Could not create snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
2425 snapshot_name
, ret
, strerror(-ret
));
2429 case SNAPSHOT_APPLY
:
2430 ret
= bdrv_snapshot_goto(bs
, snapshot_name
);
2432 error_report("Could not apply snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
2433 snapshot_name
, ret
, strerror(-ret
));
2437 case SNAPSHOT_DELETE
:
2438 bdrv_snapshot_delete_by_id_or_name(bs
, snapshot_name
, &err
);
2440 error_report("Could not delete snapshot '%s': (%s)",
2441 snapshot_name
, error_get_pretty(err
));
2456 static int img_rebase(int argc
, char **argv
)
2458 BlockBackend
*blk
= NULL
, *blk_old_backing
= NULL
, *blk_new_backing
= NULL
;
2459 BlockDriverState
*bs
= NULL
;
2461 const char *fmt
, *cache
, *src_cache
, *out_basefmt
, *out_baseimg
;
2462 int c
, flags
, src_flags
, ret
;
2466 Error
*local_err
= NULL
;
2468 /* Parse commandline parameters */
2470 cache
= BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE
;
2471 src_cache
= BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE
;
2475 c
= getopt(argc
, argv
, "hf:F:b:upt:T:q");
2488 out_basefmt
= optarg
;
2491 out_baseimg
= optarg
;
2515 if (optind
!= argc
- 1) {
2516 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2518 if (!unsafe
&& !out_baseimg
) {
2519 error_exit("Must specify backing file (-b) or use unsafe mode (-u)");
2521 filename
= argv
[optind
++];
2523 qemu_progress_init(progress
, 2.0);
2524 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
2526 flags
= BDRV_O_RDWR
| (unsafe
? BDRV_O_NO_BACKING
: 0);
2527 ret
= bdrv_parse_cache_flags(cache
, &flags
);
2529 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache
);
2533 src_flags
= BDRV_O_FLAGS
;
2534 ret
= bdrv_parse_cache_flags(src_cache
, &src_flags
);
2536 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", src_cache
);
2543 * Ignore the old backing file for unsafe rebase in case we want to correct
2544 * the reference to a renamed or moved backing file.
2546 blk
= img_open("image", filename
, fmt
, flags
, true, quiet
);
2553 if (out_basefmt
!= NULL
) {
2554 if (bdrv_find_format(out_basefmt
) == NULL
) {
2555 error_report("Invalid format name: '%s'", out_basefmt
);
2561 /* For safe rebasing we need to compare old and new backing file */
2563 char backing_name
[PATH_MAX
];
2564 QDict
*options
= NULL
;
2566 if (bs
->backing_format
[0] != '\0') {
2567 options
= qdict_new();
2568 qdict_put(options
, "driver", qstring_from_str(bs
->backing_format
));
2571 bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs
, backing_name
, sizeof(backing_name
));
2572 blk_old_backing
= blk_new_open("old_backing", backing_name
, NULL
,
2573 options
, src_flags
, &local_err
);
2574 if (!blk_old_backing
) {
2575 error_report("Could not open old backing file '%s': %s",
2576 backing_name
, error_get_pretty(local_err
));
2577 error_free(local_err
);
2581 if (out_baseimg
[0]) {
2583 options
= qdict_new();
2584 qdict_put(options
, "driver", qstring_from_str(out_basefmt
));
2589 blk_new_backing
= blk_new_open("new_backing", out_baseimg
, NULL
,
2590 options
, src_flags
, &local_err
);
2591 if (!blk_new_backing
) {
2592 error_report("Could not open new backing file '%s': %s",
2593 out_baseimg
, error_get_pretty(local_err
));
2594 error_free(local_err
);
2601 * Check each unallocated cluster in the COW file. If it is unallocated,
2602 * accesses go to the backing file. We must therefore compare this cluster
2603 * in the old and new backing file, and if they differ we need to copy it
2604 * from the old backing file into the COW file.
2606 * If qemu-img crashes during this step, no harm is done. The content of
2607 * the image is the same as the original one at any time.
2610 int64_t num_sectors
;
2611 int64_t old_backing_num_sectors
;
2612 int64_t new_backing_num_sectors
= 0;
2617 float local_progress
= 0;
2619 buf_old
= blk_blockalign(blk
, IO_BUF_SIZE
);
2620 buf_new
= blk_blockalign(blk
, IO_BUF_SIZE
);
2622 num_sectors
= blk_nb_sectors(blk
);
2623 if (num_sectors
< 0) {
2624 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
2625 filename
, strerror(-num_sectors
));
2629 old_backing_num_sectors
= blk_nb_sectors(blk_old_backing
);
2630 if (old_backing_num_sectors
< 0) {
2631 char backing_name
[PATH_MAX
];
2633 bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs
, backing_name
, sizeof(backing_name
));
2634 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
2635 backing_name
, strerror(-old_backing_num_sectors
));
2639 if (blk_new_backing
) {
2640 new_backing_num_sectors
= blk_nb_sectors(blk_new_backing
);
2641 if (new_backing_num_sectors
< 0) {
2642 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
2643 out_baseimg
, strerror(-new_backing_num_sectors
));
2649 if (num_sectors
!= 0) {
2650 local_progress
= (float)100 /
2651 (num_sectors
/ MIN(num_sectors
, IO_BUF_SIZE
/ 512));
2654 for (sector
= 0; sector
< num_sectors
; sector
+= n
) {
2656 /* How many sectors can we handle with the next read? */
2657 if (sector
+ (IO_BUF_SIZE
/ 512) <= num_sectors
) {
2658 n
= (IO_BUF_SIZE
/ 512);
2660 n
= num_sectors
- sector
;
2663 /* If the cluster is allocated, we don't need to take action */
2664 ret
= bdrv_is_allocated(bs
, sector
, n
, &n
);
2666 error_report("error while reading image metadata: %s",
2675 * Read old and new backing file and take into consideration that
2676 * backing files may be smaller than the COW image.
2678 if (sector
>= old_backing_num_sectors
) {
2679 memset(buf_old
, 0, n
* BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE
);
2681 if (sector
+ n
> old_backing_num_sectors
) {
2682 n
= old_backing_num_sectors
- sector
;
2685 ret
= blk_read(blk_old_backing
, sector
, buf_old
, n
);
2687 error_report("error while reading from old backing file");
2692 if (sector
>= new_backing_num_sectors
|| !blk_new_backing
) {
2693 memset(buf_new
, 0, n
* BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE
);
2695 if (sector
+ n
> new_backing_num_sectors
) {
2696 n
= new_backing_num_sectors
- sector
;
2699 ret
= blk_read(blk_new_backing
, sector
, buf_new
, n
);
2701 error_report("error while reading from new backing file");
2706 /* If they differ, we need to write to the COW file */
2707 uint64_t written
= 0;
2709 while (written
< n
) {
2712 if (compare_sectors(buf_old
+ written
* 512,
2713 buf_new
+ written
* 512, n
- written
, &pnum
))
2715 ret
= blk_write(blk
, sector
+ written
,
2716 buf_old
+ written
* 512, pnum
);
2718 error_report("Error while writing to COW image: %s",
2726 qemu_progress_print(local_progress
, 100);
2729 qemu_vfree(buf_old
);
2730 qemu_vfree(buf_new
);
2734 * Change the backing file. All clusters that are different from the old
2735 * backing file are overwritten in the COW file now, so the visible content
2736 * doesn't change when we switch the backing file.
2738 if (out_baseimg
&& *out_baseimg
) {
2739 ret
= bdrv_change_backing_file(bs
, out_baseimg
, out_basefmt
);
2741 ret
= bdrv_change_backing_file(bs
, NULL
, NULL
);
2744 if (ret
== -ENOSPC
) {
2745 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': No "
2746 "space left in the file header", out_baseimg
);
2747 } else if (ret
< 0) {
2748 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': %s",
2749 out_baseimg
, strerror(-ret
));
2752 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
2754 * TODO At this point it is possible to check if any clusters that are
2755 * allocated in the COW file are the same in the backing file. If so, they
2756 * could be dropped from the COW file. Don't do this before switching the
2757 * backing file, in case of a crash this would lead to corruption.
2760 qemu_progress_end();
2763 blk_unref(blk_old_backing
);
2764 blk_unref(blk_new_backing
);
2774 static int img_resize(int argc
, char **argv
)
2777 int c
, ret
, relative
;
2778 const char *filename
, *fmt
, *size
;
2779 int64_t n
, total_size
;
2781 BlockBackend
*blk
= NULL
;
2783 static QemuOptsList resize_options
= {
2784 .name
= "resize_options",
2785 .head
= QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(resize_options
.head
),
2788 .name
= BLOCK_OPT_SIZE
,
2789 .type
= QEMU_OPT_SIZE
,
2790 .help
= "Virtual disk size"
2797 /* Remove size from argv manually so that negative numbers are not treated
2798 * as options by getopt. */
2800 error_exit("Not enough arguments");
2804 size
= argv
[--argc
];
2806 /* Parse getopt arguments */
2809 c
= getopt(argc
, argv
, "f:hq");
2826 if (optind
!= argc
- 1) {
2827 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2829 filename
= argv
[optind
++];
2831 /* Choose grow, shrink, or absolute resize mode */
2847 param
= qemu_opts_create(&resize_options
, NULL
, 0, &error_abort
);
2848 qemu_opt_set(param
, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE
, size
, &err
);
2850 error_report_err(err
);
2852 qemu_opts_del(param
);
2855 n
= qemu_opt_get_size(param
, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE
, 0);
2856 qemu_opts_del(param
);
2858 blk
= img_open("image", filename
, fmt
, BDRV_O_FLAGS
| BDRV_O_RDWR
,
2866 total_size
= blk_getlength(blk
) + n
* relative
;
2870 if (total_size
<= 0) {
2871 error_report("New image size must be positive");
2876 ret
= blk_truncate(blk
, total_size
);
2879 qprintf(quiet
, "Image resized.\n");
2882 error_report("This image does not support resize");
2885 error_report("Image is read-only");
2888 error_report("Error resizing image (%d)", -ret
);
2899 static void amend_status_cb(BlockDriverState
*bs
,
2900 int64_t offset
, int64_t total_work_size
)
2902 qemu_progress_print(100.f
* offset
/ total_work_size
, 0);
2905 static int img_amend(int argc
, char **argv
)
2909 char *options
= NULL
;
2910 QemuOptsList
*create_opts
= NULL
;
2911 QemuOpts
*opts
= NULL
;
2912 const char *fmt
= NULL
, *filename
, *cache
;
2914 bool quiet
= false, progress
= false;
2915 BlockBackend
*blk
= NULL
;
2916 BlockDriverState
*bs
= NULL
;
2918 cache
= BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE
;
2920 c
= getopt(argc
, argv
, "ho:f:t:pq");
2931 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg
)) {
2932 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg
);
2937 options
= g_strdup(optarg
);
2939 char *old_options
= options
;
2940 options
= g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options
, optarg
);
2941 g_free(old_options
);
2960 error_exit("Must specify options (-o)");
2966 qemu_progress_init(progress
, 1.0);
2968 filename
= (optind
== argc
- 1) ? argv
[argc
- 1] : NULL
;
2969 if (fmt
&& has_help_option(options
)) {
2970 /* If a format is explicitly specified (and possibly no filename is
2971 * given), print option help here */
2972 ret
= print_block_option_help(filename
, fmt
);
2976 if (optind
!= argc
- 1) {
2977 error_report("Expecting one image file name");
2982 flags
= BDRV_O_FLAGS
| BDRV_O_RDWR
;
2983 ret
= bdrv_parse_cache_flags(cache
, &flags
);
2985 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache
);
2989 blk
= img_open("image", filename
, fmt
, flags
, true, quiet
);
2996 fmt
= bs
->drv
->format_name
;
2998 if (has_help_option(options
)) {
2999 /* If the format was auto-detected, print option help here */
3000 ret
= print_block_option_help(filename
, fmt
);
3004 if (!bs
->drv
->create_opts
) {
3005 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support any options to amend",
3011 create_opts
= qemu_opts_append(create_opts
, bs
->drv
->create_opts
);
3012 opts
= qemu_opts_create(create_opts
, NULL
, 0, &error_abort
);
3014 qemu_opts_do_parse(opts
, options
, NULL
, &err
);
3016 error_report_err(err
);
3022 /* In case the driver does not call amend_status_cb() */
3023 qemu_progress_print(0.f
, 0);
3024 ret
= bdrv_amend_options(bs
, opts
, &amend_status_cb
);
3025 qemu_progress_print(100.f
, 0);
3027 error_report("Error while amending options: %s", strerror(-ret
));
3032 qemu_progress_end();
3035 qemu_opts_del(opts
);
3036 qemu_opts_free(create_opts
);
3045 static const img_cmd_t img_cmds
[] = {
3046 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
3047 { option, callback },
3048 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
3054 int main(int argc
, char **argv
)
3056 const img_cmd_t
*cmd
;
3057 const char *cmdname
;
3058 Error
*local_error
= NULL
;
3060 static const struct option long_options
[] = {
3061 {"help", no_argument
, 0, 'h'},
3062 {"version", no_argument
, 0, 'v'},
3067 signal(SIGPIPE
, SIG_IGN
);
3070 error_set_progname(argv
[0]);
3071 qemu_init_exec_dir(argv
[0]);
3073 if (qemu_init_main_loop(&local_error
)) {
3074 error_report_err(local_error
);
3080 error_exit("Not enough arguments");
3084 /* find the command */
3085 for (cmd
= img_cmds
; cmd
->name
!= NULL
; cmd
++) {
3086 if (!strcmp(cmdname
, cmd
->name
)) {
3087 return cmd
->handler(argc
- 1, argv
+ 1);
3091 c
= getopt_long(argc
, argv
, "h", long_options
, NULL
);
3097 printf(QEMU_IMG_VERSION
);
3102 error_exit("Command not found: %s", cmdname
);