1 = How to convert to -device & friends =
3 === Specifying Bus and Address on Bus ===
5 In qdev, each device has a parent bus. Some devices provide one or
6 more buses for children. You can specify a device's parent bus with
9 A device typically has a device address on its parent bus. For buses
10 where this address can be configured, devices provide a bus-specific
13 bus property name value format
14 PCI addr %x.%x (dev.fn, .fn optional)
19 virtio-serial-bus nr %u
21 USB port %d(.%d)* (port.port...)
23 Example: device i440FX-pcihost is on the root bus, and provides a PCI
24 bus named pci.0. To put a FOO device into its slot 4, use -device
25 FOO,bus=/i440FX-pcihost/pci.0,addr=4. The abbreviated form bus=pci.0
26 also works as long as the bus name is unique.
30 A QEMU block device (drive) has a host and a guest part.
32 In the general case, the guest device is connected to a controller
33 device. For instance, the IDE controller provides two IDE buses, each
34 of which can have up to two devices, and each device is a guest part,
35 and is connected to a host part.
37 Except we sometimes lump controller, bus(es) and drive device(s) all
38 together into a single device. For instance, the ISA floppy
39 controller is connected to up to two host drives.
41 The old ways to define block devices define host and guest part
42 together. Sometimes, they can even define a controller device in
43 addition to the block device.
45 The new way keeps the parts separate: you create the host part with
46 -drive, and guest device(s) with -device.
48 The various old ways to define drives all boil down to the common form
50 -drive if=TYPE,bus=BUS,unit=UNIT,OPTS...
52 TYPE, BUS and UNIT identify the controller device, which of its buses
53 to use, and the drive's address on that bus. Details depend on TYPE.
55 Instead of bus=BUS,unit=UNIT, you can also say index=IDX.
57 In the new way, this becomes something like
59 -drive if=none,id=DRIVE-ID,HOST-OPTS...
60 -device DEVNAME,drive=DRIVE-ID,DEV-OPTS...
62 The old OPTS get split into HOST-OPTS and DEV-OPTS as follows:
64 * file, format, snapshot, cache, aio, readonly, rerror, werror go into
67 * cyls, head, secs and trans go into HOST-OPTS. Future work: they
68 should go into DEV-OPTS instead.
70 * serial goes into DEV-OPTS, for devices supporting serial numbers.
71 For other devices, it goes nowhere.
73 * media is special. In the old way, it selects disk vs. CD-ROM with
74 if=ide, if=scsi and if=xen. The new way uses DEVNAME for that.
75 Additionally, readonly=on goes into HOST-OPTS.
77 * addr is special, see if=virtio below.
79 The -device argument differs in detail for each type of drive:
83 -device DEVNAME,drive=DRIVE-ID,bus=IDE-BUS,unit=UNIT
85 where DEVNAME is either ide-hd or ide-cd, IDE-BUS identifies an IDE
86 bus, normally either ide.0 or ide.1, and UNIT is either 0 or 1.
90 The old way implicitly creates SCSI controllers as needed. The new
91 way makes that explicit:
93 -device lsi53c895a,id=ID
95 As for all PCI devices, you can add bus=PCI-BUS,addr=DEVFN to
96 control the PCI device address.
98 This SCSI controller provides a single SCSI bus, named ID.0. Put a
101 -device DEVNAME,drive=DRIVE-ID,bus=ID.0,scsi-id=UNIT
103 where DEVNAME is either scsi-hd, scsi-cd or scsi-generic.
107 -global isa-fdc.driveA=DRIVE-ID
108 -global isa-fdc.driveB=DRIVE-ID
110 This is -global instead of -device, because the floppy controller is
111 created automatically, and we want to configure that one, not create
112 a second one (which isn't possible anyway).
114 Without any -global isa-fdc,... you get an empty driveA and no
115 driveB. You can use -nodefaults to suppress the default driveA, see
120 -device virtio-blk-pci,drive=DRIVE-ID,class=C,vectors=V,ioeventfd=IOEVENTFD
122 This lets you control PCI device class and MSI-X vectors.
124 IOEVENTFD controls whether or not ioeventfd is used for virtqueue
125 notify. It can be set to on (default) or off.
127 As for all PCI devices, you can add bus=PCI-BUS,addr=DEVFN to
128 control the PCI device address. This replaces option addr available
129 with -drive if=virtio.
131 * if=pflash, if=mtd, if=sd, if=xen are not yet available with -device
133 For USB devices, the old way is actually different:
135 -usbdevice disk:format=FMT:FILENAME
137 Provides much less control than -drive's OPTS... The new way fixes
140 -device usb-storage,drive=DRIVE-ID,removable=RMB
142 The removable parameter gives control over the SCSI INQUIRY removable
143 (RMB) bit. USB thumbdrives usually set removable=on, while USB hard
144 disks set removable=off.
146 Bug: usb-storage pretends to be a block device, but it's really a SCSI
147 controller that can serve only a single device, which it creates
148 automatically. The automatic creation guesses what kind of guest part
149 to create from the host part, like -drive if=scsi. Host and guest
150 part are not cleanly separated.
152 === Character Devices ===
154 A QEMU character device has a host and a guest part.
156 The old ways to define character devices define host and guest part
159 The new way keeps the parts separate: you create the host part with
160 -chardev, and the guest device with -device.
162 The various old ways to define a character device are all of the
165 -FOO FOO-OPTS...,LEGACY-CHARDEV
167 where FOO-OPTS... is specific to -FOO, and the host part
168 LEGACY-CHARDEV is the same everywhere.
170 In the new way, this becomes
172 -chardev HOST-OPTS...,id=CHR-ID
173 -device DEVNAME,chardev=CHR-ID,DEV-OPTS...
175 The appropriate DEVNAME depends on the machine type. For type "pc":
177 * -serial becomes -device isa-serial,iobase=IOADDR,irq=IRQ,index=IDX
179 This lets you control I/O ports and IRQs.
181 * -parallel becomes -device isa-parallel,iobase=IOADDR,irq=IRQ,index=IDX
183 This lets you control I/O ports and IRQs.
185 * -usbdevice serial::chardev becomes -device usb-serial,chardev=dev.
187 * -usbdevice braille doesn't support LEGACY-CHARDEV syntax. It always
188 uses "braille". With -device, this useful default is gone, so you
189 have to use something like
191 -device usb-braille,chardev=braille -chardev braille,id=braille
193 * -virtioconsole becomes
194 -device virtio-serial-pci,class=C,vectors=V,ioeventfd=IOEVENTFD,max_ports=N
195 -device virtconsole,is_console=NUM,nr=NR,name=NAME
197 LEGACY-CHARDEV translates to -chardev HOST-OPTS... as follows:
199 * null becomes -chardev null
201 * pty, msmouse, wctablet, braille, stdio likewise
203 * vc:WIDTHxHEIGHT becomes -chardev vc,width=WIDTH,height=HEIGHT
205 * vc:<COLS>Cx<ROWS>C becomes -chardev vc,cols=<COLS>,rows=<ROWS>
207 * con: becomes -chardev console
209 * COM<NUM> becomes -chardev serial,path=COM<NUM>
211 * file:FNAME becomes -chardev file,path=FNAME
213 * pipe:FNAME becomes -chardev pipe,path=FNAME
215 * tcp:HOST:PORT,OPTS... becomes -chardev socket,host=HOST,port=PORT,OPTS...
217 * telnet:HOST:PORT,OPTS... becomes
218 -chardev socket,host=HOST,port=PORT,OPTS...,telnet=on
220 * udp:HOST:PORT@LOCALADDR:LOCALPORT becomes
221 -chardev udp,host=HOST,port=PORT,localaddr=LOCALADDR,localport=LOCALPORT
223 * unix:FNAME becomes -chardev socket,path=FNAME
225 * /dev/parportN becomes -chardev parport,file=/dev/parportN
229 * Any other /dev/FNAME becomes -chardev tty,path=/dev/FNAME
231 * mon:LEGACY-CHARDEV is special: it multiplexes the monitor onto the
232 character device defined by LEGACY-CHARDEV. -chardev provides more
233 general multiplexing instead: you can connect up to four users to a
234 single host part. You need to pass mux=on to -chardev to enable
235 switching the input focus.
237 QEMU uses LEGACY-CHARDEV syntax not just to set up guest devices, but
238 also in various other places such as -monitor or -net
239 user,guestfwd=... You can use chardev:CHR-ID in place of
240 LEGACY-CHARDEV to refer to a host part defined with -chardev.
242 === Network Devices ===
244 Host and guest part of network devices have always been separate.
246 The old way to define the guest part looks like this:
248 -net nic,netdev=NET-ID,macaddr=MACADDR,model=MODEL,name=ID,addr=STR,vectors=V
250 Except for USB it looks like this:
252 -usbdevice net:netdev=NET-ID,macaddr=MACADDR,name=ID
254 The new way is -device:
256 -device DEVNAME,netdev=NET-ID,mac=MACADDR,DEV-OPTS...
258 DEVNAME equals MODEL, except for virtio you have to name the virtio
259 device appropriate for the bus (virtio-net-pci for PCI), and for USB
260 you have to use usb-net.
262 The old name=ID parameter becomes the usual id=ID with -device.
264 For PCI devices, you can add bus=PCI-BUS,addr=DEVFN to control the PCI
265 device address, as usual. The old -net nic provides parameter addr
266 for that, which is silently ignored when the NIC is not a PCI device.
268 For virtio-net-pci, you can control whether or not ioeventfd is used for
269 virtqueue notify by setting ioeventfd= to on or off (default).
271 -net nic accepts vectors=V for all models, but it's silently ignored
272 except for virtio-net-pci (model=virtio). With -device, only devices
273 that support it accept it.
275 Not all devices are available with -device at this time. All PCI
276 devices and ne2k_isa are.
278 Some PCI devices aren't available with -net nic, e.g. i82558a.
280 To connect to a VLAN instead of an ordinary host part, replace
281 netdev=NET-ID by vlan=VLAN.
283 === Graphics Devices ===
285 Host and guest part of graphics devices have always been separate.
287 The old way to define the guest graphics device is -vga VGA. Not all
288 machines support all -vga options.
290 The new way is -device. The mapping from -vga argument to -device
291 depends on the machine type. For machine "pc", it's:
294 cirrus -device cirrus-vga
295 vmware -device vmware-svga
298 disables more than just VGA, see "Default Devices"
300 As for all PCI devices, you can add bus=PCI-BUS,addr=DEVFN to control
301 the PCI device address.
303 -device VGA supports properties bios-offset and bios-size, but they
304 aren't used with machine type "pc".
306 For machine "isapc", it's
309 cirrus not yet available with -device
311 disables more than just VGA, see "Default Devices"
313 Bug: the new way doesn't work for machine types "pc" and "isapc",
314 because it violates obscure device initialization ordering
317 === Audio Devices ===
319 Host and guest part of audio devices have always been separate.
321 The old way to define guest audio devices is -soundhw C1,...
323 The new way is to define each guest audio device separately with
326 Map from -soundhw sound card name to -device:
329 cs4231a -device cs4231a,iobase=IOADDR,irq=IRQ,dma=DMA
330 es1370 -device ES1370
331 gus -device gus,iobase=IOADDR,irq=IRQ,dma=DMA,freq=F
332 hda -device intel-hda,msi=MSI -device hda-duplex
333 sb16 -device sb16,iobase=IOADDR,irq=IRQ,dma=DMA,dma16=DMA16,version=V
334 adlib not yet available with -device
335 pcspk not yet available with -device
337 For PCI devices, you can add bus=PCI-BUS,addr=DEVFN to control the PCI
338 device address, as usual.
342 The old way to define a virtual USB device is -usbdevice DRIVER:OPTS...
344 The new way is -device DEVNAME,DEV-OPTS... Details depend on DRIVER:
346 * ccid -device usb-ccid
347 * keyboard -device usb-kbd
348 * mouse -device usb-mouse
349 * tablet -device usb-tablet
350 * wacom-tablet -device usb-wacom-tablet
351 * host:... See "Host Device Assignment"
352 * disk:... See "Block Devices"
353 * serial:... See "Character Devices"
354 * braille See "Character Devices"
355 * net:... See "Network Devices"
356 * bt:... not yet available with -device
358 === Watchdog Devices ===
360 Host and guest part of watchdog devices have always been separate.
362 The old way to define a guest watchdog device is -watchdog DEVNAME.
363 The new way is -device DEVNAME. For PCI devices, you can add
364 bus=PCI-BUS,addr=DEVFN to control the PCI device address, as usual.
366 === Host Device Assignment ===
368 QEMU supports assigning host PCI devices (qemu-kvm only at this time)
369 and host USB devices.
371 The old way to assign a host PCI device is
373 -pcidevice host=ADDR,dma=none,id=ID
377 -device pci-assign,host=ADDR,iommu=IOMMU,id=ID
379 The old dma=none becomes iommu=off with -device.
381 The old way to assign a host USB device is
383 -usbdevice host:auto:BUS.ADDR:VID:PRID
385 where any of BUS, ADDR, VID, PRID can be the wildcard *.
389 -device usb-host,hostbus=BUS,hostaddr=ADDR,vendorid=VID,productid=PRID
391 Omitted options match anything, just like the old way's wildcard.
393 === Default Devices ===
395 QEMU creates a number of devices by default, depending on the machine
398 -device DEVNAME... and global DEVNAME... suppress default devices for
401 default device suppressing DEVNAMEs
402 CD-ROM ide-cd, ide-drive, ide-hd, scsi-cd, scsi-hd
403 isa-fdc's driveA floppy, isa-fdc
404 parallel isa-parallel
406 VGA VGA, cirrus-vga, isa-vga, isa-cirrus-vga,
407 vmware-svga, qxl-vga, virtio-vga
408 virtioconsole virtio-serial-pci, virtio-serial
410 The default NIC is connected to a default part created along with it.
411 It is *not* suppressed by configuring a NIC with -device (you may call
412 that a bug). -net and -netdev suppress the default NIC.
414 -nodefaults suppresses all the default devices mentioned above, plus a
415 few other things such as default SD-Card drive and default monitor.