system/cpus.c

   1 /*
   2  * QEMU System Emulator
   3  *
   4  * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
   5  *
   6  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
   7  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
   8  * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
   9  * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
  10  * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
  11  * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
  12  *
  13  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
  14  * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
  15  *
  16  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
  17  * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
  18  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
  19  * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
  20  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
  21  * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
  22  * THE SOFTWARE.
  23  */
  24
  25 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
  26 #include "monitor/monitor.h"
  27 #include "qemu/coroutine-tls.h"
  28 #include "qapi/error.h"
  29 #include "qapi/qapi-commands-machine.h"
  30 #include "qapi/qapi-commands-misc.h"
  31 #include "qapi/qapi-events-run-state.h"
  32 #include "qapi/qmp/qerror.h"
  33 #include "exec/gdbstub.h"
  34 #include "sysemu/hw_accel.h"
  35 #include "exec/cpu-common.h"
  36 #include "qemu/thread.h"
  37 #include "qemu/main-loop.h"
  38 #include "qemu/plugin.h"
  39 #include "sysemu/cpus.h"
  40 #include "qemu/guest-random.h"
  41 #include "hw/nmi.h"
  42 #include "sysemu/replay.h"
  43 #include "sysemu/runstate.h"
  44 #include "sysemu/cpu-timers.h"
  45 #include "sysemu/whpx.h"
  46 #include "hw/boards.h"
  47 #include "hw/hw.h"
  48 #include "trace.h"
  49
  50 #ifdef CONFIG_LINUX
  51
  52 #include <sys/prctl.h>
  53
  54 #ifndef PR_MCE_KILL
  55 #define PR_MCE_KILL 33
  56 #endif
  57
  58 #ifndef PR_MCE_KILL_SET
  59 #define PR_MCE_KILL_SET 1
  60 #endif
  61
  62 #ifndef PR_MCE_KILL_EARLY
  63 #define PR_MCE_KILL_EARLY 1
  64 #endif
  65
  66 #endif /* CONFIG_LINUX */
  67
  68 static QemuMutex qemu_global_mutex;
  69
  70 /*
  71  * The chosen accelerator is supposed to register this.
  72  */
  73 static const AccelOpsClass *cpus_accel;
  74
  75 bool cpu_is_stopped(CPUState *cpu)
  76 {
  77     return cpu->stopped || !runstate_is_running();
  78 }
  79
  80 bool cpu_work_list_empty(CPUState *cpu)
  81 {
  82     return QSIMPLEQ_EMPTY_ATOMIC(&cpu->work_list);
  83 }
  84
  85 bool cpu_thread_is_idle(CPUState *cpu)
  86 {
  87     if (cpu->stop || !cpu_work_list_empty(cpu)) {
  88         return false;
  89     }
  90     if (cpu_is_stopped(cpu)) {
  91         return true;
  92     }
  93     if (!cpu->halted || cpu_has_work(cpu)) {
  94         return false;
  95     }
  96     if (cpus_accel->cpu_thread_is_idle) {
  97         return cpus_accel->cpu_thread_is_idle(cpu);
  98     }
  99     return true;
 100 }
 101
 102 bool all_cpu_threads_idle(void)
 103 {
 104     CPUState *cpu;
 105
 106     CPU_FOREACH(cpu) {
 107         if (!cpu_thread_is_idle(cpu)) {
 108             return false;
 109         }
 110     }
 111     return true;
 112 }
 113
 114 /***********************************************************/
 115 void hw_error(const char *fmt, ...)
 116 {
 117     va_list ap;
 118     CPUState *cpu;
 119
 120     va_start(ap, fmt);
 121     fprintf(stderr, "qemu: hardware error: ");
 122     vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
 123     fprintf(stderr, "\n");
 124     CPU_FOREACH(cpu) {
 125         fprintf(stderr, "CPU #%d:\n", cpu->cpu_index);
 126         cpu_dump_state(cpu, stderr, CPU_DUMP_FPU);
 127     }
 128     va_end(ap);
 129     abort();
 130 }
 131
 132 void cpu_synchronize_all_states(void)
 133 {
 134     CPUState *cpu;
 135
 136     CPU_FOREACH(cpu) {
 137         cpu_synchronize_state(cpu);
 138     }
 139 }
 140
 141 void cpu_synchronize_all_post_reset(void)
 142 {
 143     CPUState *cpu;
 144
 145     CPU_FOREACH(cpu) {
 146         cpu_synchronize_post_reset(cpu);
 147     }
 148 }
 149
 150 void cpu_synchronize_all_post_init(void)
 151 {
 152     CPUState *cpu;
 153
 154     CPU_FOREACH(cpu) {
 155         cpu_synchronize_post_init(cpu);
 156     }
 157 }
 158
 159 void cpu_synchronize_all_pre_loadvm(void)
 160 {
 161     CPUState *cpu;
 162
 163     CPU_FOREACH(cpu) {
 164         cpu_synchronize_pre_loadvm(cpu);
 165     }
 166 }
 167
 168 void cpu_synchronize_state(CPUState *cpu)
 169 {
 170     if (cpus_accel->synchronize_state) {
 171         cpus_accel->synchronize_state(cpu);
 172     }
 173 }
 174
 175 void cpu_synchronize_post_reset(CPUState *cpu)
 176 {
 177     if (cpus_accel->synchronize_post_reset) {
 178         cpus_accel->synchronize_post_reset(cpu);
 179     }
 180 }
 181
 182 void cpu_synchronize_post_init(CPUState *cpu)
 183 {
 184     if (cpus_accel->synchronize_post_init) {
 185         cpus_accel->synchronize_post_init(cpu);
 186     }
 187 }
 188
 189 void cpu_synchronize_pre_loadvm(CPUState *cpu)
 190 {
 191     if (cpus_accel->synchronize_pre_loadvm) {
 192         cpus_accel->synchronize_pre_loadvm(cpu);
 193     }
 194 }
 195
 196 bool cpus_are_resettable(void)
 197 {
 198     if (cpus_accel->cpus_are_resettable) {
 199         return cpus_accel->cpus_are_resettable();
 200     }
 201     return true;
 202 }
 203
 204 int64_t cpus_get_virtual_clock(void)
 205 {
 206     /*
 207      * XXX
 208      *
 209      * need to check that cpus_accel is not NULL, because qcow2 calls
 210      * qemu_get_clock_ns(CLOCK_VIRTUAL) without any accel initialized and
 211      * with ticks disabled in some io-tests:
 212      * 030 040 041 060 099 120 127 140 156 161 172 181 191 192 195 203 229 249 256 267
 213      *
 214      * is this expected?
 215      *
 216      * XXX
 217      */
 218     if (cpus_accel && cpus_accel->get_virtual_clock) {
 219         return cpus_accel->get_virtual_clock();
 220     }
 221     return cpu_get_clock();
 222 }
 223
 224 /*
 225  * return the time elapsed in VM between vm_start and vm_stop.  Unless
 226  * icount is active, cpus_get_elapsed_ticks() uses units of the host CPU cycle
 227  * counter.
 228  */
 229 int64_t cpus_get_elapsed_ticks(void)
 230 {
 231     if (cpus_accel->get_elapsed_ticks) {
 232         return cpus_accel->get_elapsed_ticks();
 233     }
 234     return cpu_get_ticks();
 235 }
 236
 237 static void generic_handle_interrupt(CPUState *cpu, int mask)
 238 {
 239     cpu->interrupt_request |= mask;
 240
 241     if (!qemu_cpu_is_self(cpu)) {
 242         qemu_cpu_kick(cpu);
 243     }
 244 }
 245
 246 void cpu_interrupt(CPUState *cpu, int mask)
 247 {
 248     if (cpus_accel->handle_interrupt) {
 249         cpus_accel->handle_interrupt(cpu, mask);
 250     } else {
 251         generic_handle_interrupt(cpu, mask);
 252     }
 253 }
 254
 255 static int do_vm_stop(RunState state, bool send_stop)
 256 {
 257     int ret = 0;
 258
 259     if (runstate_is_running()) {
 260         runstate_set(state);
 261         cpu_disable_ticks();
 262         pause_all_vcpus();
 263         vm_state_notify(0, state);
 264         if (send_stop) {
 265             qapi_event_send_stop();
 266         }
 267     }
 268
 269     bdrv_drain_all();
 270     ret = bdrv_flush_all();
 271     trace_vm_stop_flush_all(ret);
 272
 273     return ret;
 274 }
 275
 276 /* Special vm_stop() variant for terminating the process.  Historically clients
 277  * did not expect a QMP STOP event and so we need to retain compatibility.
 278  */
 279 int vm_shutdown(void)
 280 {
 281     return do_vm_stop(RUN_STATE_SHUTDOWN, false);
 282 }
 283
 284 bool cpu_can_run(CPUState *cpu)
 285 {
 286     if (cpu->stop) {
 287         return false;
 288     }
 289     if (cpu_is_stopped(cpu)) {
 290         return false;
 291     }
 292     return true;
 293 }
 294
 295 void cpu_handle_guest_debug(CPUState *cpu)
 296 {
 297     if (replay_running_debug()) {
 298         if (!cpu->singlestep_enabled) {
 299             /*
 300              * Report about the breakpoint and
 301              * make a single step to skip it
 302              */
 303             replay_breakpoint();
 304             cpu_single_step(cpu, SSTEP_ENABLE);
 305         } else {
 306             cpu_single_step(cpu, 0);
 307         }
 308     } else {
 309         gdb_set_stop_cpu(cpu);
 310         qemu_system_debug_request();
 311         cpu->stopped = true;
 312     }
 313 }
 314
 315 #ifdef CONFIG_LINUX
 316 static void sigbus_reraise(void)
 317 {
 318     sigset_t set;
 319     struct sigaction action;
 320
 321     memset(&action, 0, sizeof(action));
 322     action.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
 323     if (!sigaction(SIGBUS, &action, NULL)) {
 324         raise(SIGBUS);
 325         sigemptyset(&set);
 326         sigaddset(&set, SIGBUS);
 327         pthread_sigmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, &set, NULL);
 328     }
 329     perror("Failed to re-raise SIGBUS!");
 330     abort();
 331 }
 332
 333 static void sigbus_handler(int n, siginfo_t *siginfo, void *ctx)
 334 {
 335     if (siginfo->si_code != BUS_MCEERR_AO && siginfo->si_code != BUS_MCEERR_AR) {
 336         sigbus_reraise();
 337     }
 338
 339     if (current_cpu) {
 340         /* Called asynchronously in VCPU thread.  */
 341         if (kvm_on_sigbus_vcpu(current_cpu, siginfo->si_code, siginfo->si_addr)) {
 342             sigbus_reraise();
 343         }
 344     } else {
 345         /* Called synchronously (via signalfd) in main thread.  */
 346         if (kvm_on_sigbus(siginfo->si_code, siginfo->si_addr)) {
 347             sigbus_reraise();
 348         }
 349     }
 350 }
 351
 352 static void qemu_init_sigbus(void)
 353 {
 354     struct sigaction action;
 355
 356     /*
 357      * ALERT: when modifying this, take care that SIGBUS forwarding in
 358      * qemu_prealloc_mem() will continue working as expected.
 359      */
 360     memset(&action, 0, sizeof(action));
 361     action.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO;
 362     action.sa_sigaction = sigbus_handler;
 363     sigaction(SIGBUS, &action, NULL);
 364
 365     prctl(PR_MCE_KILL, PR_MCE_KILL_SET, PR_MCE_KILL_EARLY, 0, 0);
 366 }
 367 #else /* !CONFIG_LINUX */
 368 static void qemu_init_sigbus(void)
 369 {
 370 }
 371 #endif /* !CONFIG_LINUX */
 372
 373 static QemuThread io_thread;
 374
 375 /* cpu creation */
 376 static QemuCond qemu_cpu_cond;
 377 /* system init */
 378 static QemuCond qemu_pause_cond;
 379
 380 void qemu_init_cpu_loop(void)
 381 {
 382     qemu_init_sigbus();
 383     qemu_cond_init(&qemu_cpu_cond);
 384     qemu_cond_init(&qemu_pause_cond);
 385     qemu_mutex_init(&qemu_global_mutex);
 386
 387     qemu_thread_get_self(&io_thread);
 388 }
 389
 390 void run_on_cpu(CPUState *cpu, run_on_cpu_func func, run_on_cpu_data data)
 391 {
 392     do_run_on_cpu(cpu, func, data, &qemu_global_mutex);
 393 }
 394
 395 static void qemu_cpu_stop(CPUState *cpu, bool exit)
 396 {
 397     g_assert(qemu_cpu_is_self(cpu));
 398     cpu->stop = false;
 399     cpu->stopped = true;
 400     if (exit) {
 401         cpu_exit(cpu);
 402     }
 403     qemu_cond_broadcast(&qemu_pause_cond);
 404 }
 405
 406 void qemu_wait_io_event_common(CPUState *cpu)
 407 {
 408     qatomic_set_mb(&cpu->thread_kicked, false);
 409     if (cpu->stop) {
 410         qemu_cpu_stop(cpu, false);
 411     }
 412     process_queued_cpu_work(cpu);
 413 }
 414
 415 void qemu_wait_io_event(CPUState *cpu)
 416 {
 417     bool slept = false;
 418
 419     while (cpu_thread_is_idle(cpu)) {
 420         if (!slept) {
 421             slept = true;
 422             qemu_plugin_vcpu_idle_cb(cpu);
 423         }
 424         qemu_cond_wait(cpu->halt_cond, &qemu_global_mutex);
 425     }
 426     if (slept) {
 427         qemu_plugin_vcpu_resume_cb(cpu);
 428     }
 429
 430     qemu_wait_io_event_common(cpu);
 431 }
 432
 433 void cpus_kick_thread(CPUState *cpu)
 434 {
 435     if (cpu->thread_kicked) {
 436         return;
 437     }
 438     cpu->thread_kicked = true;
 439
 440 #ifndef _WIN32
 441     int err = pthread_kill(cpu->thread->thread, SIG_IPI);
 442     if (err && err != ESRCH) {
 443         fprintf(stderr, "qemu:%s: %s", __func__, strerror(err));
 444         exit(1);
 445     }
 446 #else
 447     qemu_sem_post(&cpu->sem);
 448 #endif
 449 }
 450
 451 void qemu_cpu_kick(CPUState *cpu)
 452 {
 453     qemu_cond_broadcast(cpu->halt_cond);
 454     if (cpus_accel->kick_vcpu_thread) {
 455         cpus_accel->kick_vcpu_thread(cpu);
 456     } else { /* default */
 457         cpus_kick_thread(cpu);
 458     }
 459 }
 460
 461 void qemu_cpu_kick_self(void)
 462 {
 463     assert(current_cpu);
 464     cpus_kick_thread(current_cpu);
 465 }
 466
 467 bool qemu_cpu_is_self(CPUState *cpu)
 468 {
 469     return qemu_thread_is_self(cpu->thread);
 470 }
 471
 472 bool qemu_in_vcpu_thread(void)
 473 {
 474     return current_cpu && qemu_cpu_is_self(current_cpu);
 475 }
 476
 477 QEMU_DEFINE_STATIC_CO_TLS(bool, iothread_locked)
 478
 479 bool qemu_mutex_iothread_locked(void)
 480 {
 481     return get_iothread_locked();
 482 }
 483
 484 bool qemu_in_main_thread(void)
 485 {
 486     return qemu_mutex_iothread_locked();
 487 }
 488
 489 /*
 490  * The BQL is taken from so many places that it is worth profiling the
 491  * callers directly, instead of funneling them all through a single function.
 492  */
 493 void qemu_mutex_lock_iothread_impl(const char *file, int line)
 494 {
 495     QemuMutexLockFunc bql_lock = qatomic_read(&qemu_bql_mutex_lock_func);
 496
 497     g_assert(!qemu_mutex_iothread_locked());
 498     bql_lock(&qemu_global_mutex, file, line);
 499     set_iothread_locked(true);
 500 }
 501
 502 void qemu_mutex_unlock_iothread(void)
 503 {
 504     g_assert(qemu_mutex_iothread_locked());
 505     set_iothread_locked(false);
 506     qemu_mutex_unlock(&qemu_global_mutex);
 507 }
 508
 509 void qemu_cond_wait_iothread(QemuCond *cond)
 510 {
 511     qemu_cond_wait(cond, &qemu_global_mutex);
 512 }
 513
 514 void qemu_cond_timedwait_iothread(QemuCond *cond, int ms)
 515 {
 516     qemu_cond_timedwait(cond, &qemu_global_mutex, ms);
 517 }
 518
 519 /* signal CPU creation */
 520 void cpu_thread_signal_created(CPUState *cpu)
 521 {
 522     cpu->created = true;
 523     qemu_cond_signal(&qemu_cpu_cond);
 524 }
 525
 526 /* signal CPU destruction */
 527 void cpu_thread_signal_destroyed(CPUState *cpu)
 528 {
 529     cpu->created = false;
 530     qemu_cond_signal(&qemu_cpu_cond);
 531 }
 532
 533
 534 static bool all_vcpus_paused(void)
 535 {
 536     CPUState *cpu;
 537
 538     CPU_FOREACH(cpu) {
 539         if (!cpu->stopped) {
 540             return false;
 541         }
 542     }
 543
 544     return true;
 545 }
 546
 547 void pause_all_vcpus(void)
 548 {
 549     CPUState *cpu;
 550
 551     qemu_clock_enable(QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL, false);
 552     CPU_FOREACH(cpu) {
 553         if (qemu_cpu_is_self(cpu)) {
 554             qemu_cpu_stop(cpu, true);
 555         } else {
 556             cpu->stop = true;
 557             qemu_cpu_kick(cpu);
 558         }
 559     }
 560
 561     /* We need to drop the replay_lock so any vCPU threads woken up
 562      * can finish their replay tasks
 563      */
 564     replay_mutex_unlock();
 565
 566     while (!all_vcpus_paused()) {
 567         qemu_cond_wait(&qemu_pause_cond, &qemu_global_mutex);
 568         CPU_FOREACH(cpu) {
 569             qemu_cpu_kick(cpu);
 570         }
 571     }
 572
 573     qemu_mutex_unlock_iothread();
 574     replay_mutex_lock();
 575     qemu_mutex_lock_iothread();
 576 }
 577
 578 void cpu_resume(CPUState *cpu)
 579 {
 580     cpu->stop = false;
 581     cpu->stopped = false;
 582     qemu_cpu_kick(cpu);
 583 }
 584
 585 void resume_all_vcpus(void)
 586 {
 587     CPUState *cpu;
 588
 589     if (!runstate_is_running()) {
 590         return;
 591     }
 592
 593     qemu_clock_enable(QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL, true);
 594     CPU_FOREACH(cpu) {
 595         cpu_resume(cpu);
 596     }
 597 }
 598
 599 void cpu_remove_sync(CPUState *cpu)
 600 {
 601     cpu->stop = true;
 602     cpu->unplug = true;
 603     qemu_cpu_kick(cpu);
 604     qemu_mutex_unlock_iothread();
 605     qemu_thread_join(cpu->thread);
 606     qemu_mutex_lock_iothread();
 607 }
 608
 609 void cpus_register_accel(const AccelOpsClass *ops)
 610 {
 611     assert(ops != NULL);
 612     assert(ops->create_vcpu_thread != NULL); /* mandatory */
 613     cpus_accel = ops;
 614 }
 615
 616 const AccelOpsClass *cpus_get_accel(void)
 617 {
 618     /* broken if we call this early */
 619     assert(cpus_accel);
 620     return cpus_accel;
 621 }
 622
 623 void qemu_init_vcpu(CPUState *cpu)
 624 {
 625     MachineState *ms = MACHINE(qdev_get_machine());
 626
 627     cpu->nr_cores = ms->smp.cores;
 628     cpu->nr_threads =  ms->smp.threads;
 629     cpu->stopped = true;
 630     cpu->random_seed = qemu_guest_random_seed_thread_part1();
 631
 632     if (!cpu->as) {
 633         /* If the target cpu hasn't set up any address spaces itself,
 634          * give it the default one.
 635          */
 636         cpu->num_ases = 1;
 637         cpu_address_space_init(cpu, 0, "cpu-memory", cpu->memory);
 638     }
 639
 640     /* accelerators all implement the AccelOpsClass */
 641     g_assert(cpus_accel != NULL && cpus_accel->create_vcpu_thread != NULL);
 642     cpus_accel->create_vcpu_thread(cpu);
 643
 644     while (!cpu->created) {
 645         qemu_cond_wait(&qemu_cpu_cond, &qemu_global_mutex);
 646     }
 647 }
 648
 649 void cpu_stop_current(void)
 650 {
 651     if (current_cpu) {
 652         current_cpu->stop = true;
 653         cpu_exit(current_cpu);
 654     }
 655 }
 656
 657 int vm_stop(RunState state)
 658 {
 659     if (qemu_in_vcpu_thread()) {
 660         qemu_system_vmstop_request_prepare();
 661         qemu_system_vmstop_request(state);
 662         /*
 663          * FIXME: should not return to device code in case
 664          * vm_stop() has been requested.
 665          */
 666         cpu_stop_current();
 667         return 0;
 668     }
 669
 670     return do_vm_stop(state, true);
 671 }
 672
 673 /**
 674  * Prepare for (re)starting the VM.
 675  * Returns -1 if the vCPUs are not to be restarted (e.g. if they are already
 676  * running or in case of an error condition), 0 otherwise.
 677  */
 678 int vm_prepare_start(bool step_pending)
 679 {
 680     RunState requested;
 681
 682     qemu_vmstop_requested(&requested);
 683     if (runstate_is_running() && requested == RUN_STATE__MAX) {
 684         return -1;
 685     }
 686
 687     /* Ensure that a STOP/RESUME pair of events is emitted if a
 688      * vmstop request was pending.  The BLOCK_IO_ERROR event, for
 689      * example, according to documentation is always followed by
 690      * the STOP event.
 691      */
 692     if (runstate_is_running()) {
 693         qapi_event_send_stop();
 694         qapi_event_send_resume();
 695         return -1;
 696     }
 697
 698     /*
 699      * WHPX accelerator needs to know whether we are going to step
 700      * any CPUs, before starting the first one.
 701      */
 702     if (cpus_accel->synchronize_pre_resume) {
 703         cpus_accel->synchronize_pre_resume(step_pending);
 704     }
 705
 706     /* We are sending this now, but the CPUs will be resumed shortly later */
 707     qapi_event_send_resume();
 708
 709     cpu_enable_ticks();
 710     runstate_set(RUN_STATE_RUNNING);
 711     vm_state_notify(1, RUN_STATE_RUNNING);
 712     return 0;
 713 }
 714
 715 void vm_start(void)
 716 {
 717     if (!vm_prepare_start(false)) {
 718         resume_all_vcpus();
 719     }
 720 }
 721
 722 /* does a state transition even if the VM is already stopped,
 723    current state is forgotten forever */
 724 int vm_stop_force_state(RunState state)
 725 {
 726     if (runstate_is_running()) {
 727         return vm_stop(state);
 728     } else {
 729         int ret;
 730         runstate_set(state);
 731
 732         bdrv_drain_all();
 733         /* Make sure to return an error if the flush in a previous vm_stop()
 734          * failed. */
 735         ret = bdrv_flush_all();
 736         trace_vm_stop_flush_all(ret);
 737         return ret;
 738     }
 739 }
 740
 741 void qmp_memsave(int64_t addr, int64_t size, const char *filename,
 742                  bool has_cpu, int64_t cpu_index, Error **errp)
 743 {
 744     FILE *f;
 745     uint32_t l;
 746     CPUState *cpu;
 747     uint8_t buf[1024];
 748     int64_t orig_addr = addr, orig_size = size;
 749
 750     if (!has_cpu) {
 751         cpu_index = 0;
 752     }
 753
 754     cpu = qemu_get_cpu(cpu_index);
 755     if (cpu == NULL) {
 756         error_setg(errp, QERR_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE, "cpu-index",
 757                    "a CPU number");
 758         return;
 759     }
 760
 761     f = fopen(filename, "wb");
 762     if (!f) {
 763         error_setg_file_open(errp, errno, filename);
 764         return;
 765     }
 766
 767     while (size != 0) {
 768         l = sizeof(buf);
 769         if (l > size)
 770             l = size;
 771         if (cpu_memory_rw_debug(cpu, addr, buf, l, 0) != 0) {
 772             error_setg(errp, "Invalid addr 0x%016" PRIx64 "/size %" PRId64
 773                              " specified", orig_addr, orig_size);
 774             goto exit;
 775         }
 776         if (fwrite(buf, 1, l, f) != l) {
 777             error_setg(errp, QERR_IO_ERROR);
 778             goto exit;
 779         }
 780         addr += l;
 781         size -= l;
 782     }
 783
 784 exit:
 785     fclose(f);
 786 }
 787
 788 void qmp_pmemsave(int64_t addr, int64_t size, const char *filename,
 789                   Error **errp)
 790 {
 791     FILE *f;
 792     uint32_t l;
 793     uint8_t buf[1024];
 794
 795     f = fopen(filename, "wb");
 796     if (!f) {
 797         error_setg_file_open(errp, errno, filename);
 798         return;
 799     }
 800
 801     while (size != 0) {
 802         l = sizeof(buf);
 803         if (l > size)
 804             l = size;
 805         cpu_physical_memory_read(addr, buf, l);
 806         if (fwrite(buf, 1, l, f) != l) {
 807             error_setg(errp, QERR_IO_ERROR);
 808             goto exit;
 809         }
 810         addr += l;
 811         size -= l;
 812     }
 813
 814 exit:
 815     fclose(f);
 816 }
 817
 818 void qmp_inject_nmi(Error **errp)
 819 {
 820     nmi_monitor_handle(monitor_get_cpu_index(monitor_cur()), errp);
 821 }
 822