target/riscv: Rename IBEX CPU init routine
[qemu/ar7.git] / target / riscv / cpu.c
blob5f034588ec905e37dab6791aaba2252a3195a146
1 /*
2 * QEMU RISC-V CPU
4 * Copyright (c) 2016-2017 Sagar Karandikar, sagark@eecs.berkeley.edu
5 * Copyright (c) 2017-2018 SiFive, Inc.
7 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
8 * under the terms and conditions of the GNU General Public License,
9 * version 2 or later, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
11 * This program is distributed in the hope it will be useful, but WITHOUT
12 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
13 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for
14 * more details.
16 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
17 * this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
20 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
21 #include "qemu/qemu-print.h"
22 #include "qemu/ctype.h"
23 #include "qemu/log.h"
24 #include "cpu.h"
25 #include "exec/exec-all.h"
26 #include "qapi/error.h"
27 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
28 #include "hw/qdev-properties.h"
29 #include "migration/vmstate.h"
30 #include "fpu/softfloat-helpers.h"
32 /* RISC-V CPU definitions */
34 static const char riscv_exts[26] = "IEMAFDQCLBJTPVNSUHKORWXYZG";
36 const char * const riscv_int_regnames[] = {
37 "x0/zero", "x1/ra", "x2/sp", "x3/gp", "x4/tp", "x5/t0", "x6/t1",
38 "x7/t2", "x8/s0", "x9/s1", "x10/a0", "x11/a1", "x12/a2", "x13/a3",
39 "x14/a4", "x15/a5", "x16/a6", "x17/a7", "x18/s2", "x19/s3", "x20/s4",
40 "x21/s5", "x22/s6", "x23/s7", "x24/s8", "x25/s9", "x26/s10", "x27/s11",
41 "x28/t3", "x29/t4", "x30/t5", "x31/t6"
44 const char * const riscv_fpr_regnames[] = {
45 "f0/ft0", "f1/ft1", "f2/ft2", "f3/ft3", "f4/ft4", "f5/ft5",
46 "f6/ft6", "f7/ft7", "f8/fs0", "f9/fs1", "f10/fa0", "f11/fa1",
47 "f12/fa2", "f13/fa3", "f14/fa4", "f15/fa5", "f16/fa6", "f17/fa7",
48 "f18/fs2", "f19/fs3", "f20/fs4", "f21/fs5", "f22/fs6", "f23/fs7",
49 "f24/fs8", "f25/fs9", "f26/fs10", "f27/fs11", "f28/ft8", "f29/ft9",
50 "f30/ft10", "f31/ft11"
53 const char * const riscv_excp_names[] = {
54 "misaligned_fetch",
55 "fault_fetch",
56 "illegal_instruction",
57 "breakpoint",
58 "misaligned_load",
59 "fault_load",
60 "misaligned_store",
61 "fault_store",
62 "user_ecall",
63 "supervisor_ecall",
64 "hypervisor_ecall",
65 "machine_ecall",
66 "exec_page_fault",
67 "load_page_fault",
68 "reserved",
69 "store_page_fault",
70 "reserved",
71 "reserved",
72 "reserved",
73 "reserved",
74 "guest_exec_page_fault",
75 "guest_load_page_fault",
76 "reserved",
77 "guest_store_page_fault",
80 const char * const riscv_intr_names[] = {
81 "u_software",
82 "s_software",
83 "vs_software",
84 "m_software",
85 "u_timer",
86 "s_timer",
87 "vs_timer",
88 "m_timer",
89 "u_external",
90 "vs_external",
91 "h_external",
92 "m_external",
93 "reserved",
94 "reserved",
95 "reserved",
96 "reserved"
99 static void set_misa(CPURISCVState *env, target_ulong misa)
101 env->misa_mask = env->misa = misa;
104 static void set_priv_version(CPURISCVState *env, int priv_ver)
106 env->priv_ver = priv_ver;
109 static void set_feature(CPURISCVState *env, int feature)
111 env->features |= (1ULL << feature);
114 static void set_resetvec(CPURISCVState *env, int resetvec)
116 #ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
117 env->resetvec = resetvec;
118 #endif
121 static void riscv_any_cpu_init(Object *obj)
123 CPURISCVState *env = &RISCV_CPU(obj)->env;
124 set_misa(env, RVXLEN | RVI | RVM | RVA | RVF | RVD | RVC | RVU);
125 set_priv_version(env, PRIV_VERSION_1_11_0);
126 set_resetvec(env, DEFAULT_RSTVEC);
129 static void riscv_base_cpu_init(Object *obj)
131 CPURISCVState *env = &RISCV_CPU(obj)->env;
132 /* We set this in the realise function */
133 set_misa(env, 0);
134 set_resetvec(env, DEFAULT_RSTVEC);
137 static void rvxx_gcsu_priv1_10_0_cpu_init(Object *obj)
139 CPURISCVState *env = &RISCV_CPU(obj)->env;
140 set_misa(env, RVXLEN | RVI | RVM | RVA | RVF | RVD | RVC | RVS | RVU);
141 set_priv_version(env, PRIV_VERSION_1_10_0);
142 set_resetvec(env, DEFAULT_RSTVEC);
145 static void rvxx_imacu_nommu_cpu_init(Object *obj)
147 CPURISCVState *env = &RISCV_CPU(obj)->env;
148 set_misa(env, RVXLEN | RVI | RVM | RVA | RVC | RVU);
149 set_priv_version(env, PRIV_VERSION_1_10_0);
150 set_resetvec(env, DEFAULT_RSTVEC);
151 qdev_prop_set_bit(DEVICE(obj), "mmu", false);
154 #if defined(TARGET_RISCV32)
156 static void rv32_ibex_cpu_init(Object *obj)
158 CPURISCVState *env = &RISCV_CPU(obj)->env;
159 set_misa(env, RV32 | RVI | RVM | RVC | RVU);
160 set_priv_version(env, PRIV_VERSION_1_10_0);
161 set_resetvec(env, 0x8090);
162 qdev_prop_set_bit(DEVICE(obj), "mmu", false);
165 static void rv32_imafcu_nommu_cpu_init(Object *obj)
167 CPURISCVState *env = &RISCV_CPU(obj)->env;
168 set_misa(env, RV32 | RVI | RVM | RVA | RVF | RVC | RVU);
169 set_priv_version(env, PRIV_VERSION_1_10_0);
170 set_resetvec(env, DEFAULT_RSTVEC);
171 qdev_prop_set_bit(DEVICE(obj), "mmu", false);
174 #endif
176 static ObjectClass *riscv_cpu_class_by_name(const char *cpu_model)
178 ObjectClass *oc;
179 char *typename;
180 char **cpuname;
182 cpuname = g_strsplit(cpu_model, ",", 1);
183 typename = g_strdup_printf(RISCV_CPU_TYPE_NAME("%s"), cpuname[0]);
184 oc = object_class_by_name(typename);
185 g_strfreev(cpuname);
186 g_free(typename);
187 if (!oc || !object_class_dynamic_cast(oc, TYPE_RISCV_CPU) ||
188 object_class_is_abstract(oc)) {
189 return NULL;
191 return oc;
194 static void riscv_cpu_dump_state(CPUState *cs, FILE *f, int flags)
196 RISCVCPU *cpu = RISCV_CPU(cs);
197 CPURISCVState *env = &cpu->env;
198 int i;
200 #if !defined(CONFIG_USER_ONLY)
201 if (riscv_has_ext(env, RVH)) {
202 qemu_fprintf(f, " %s %d\n", "V = ", riscv_cpu_virt_enabled(env));
204 #endif
205 qemu_fprintf(f, " %s " TARGET_FMT_lx "\n", "pc ", env->pc);
206 #ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
207 qemu_fprintf(f, " %s " TARGET_FMT_lx "\n", "mhartid ", env->mhartid);
208 qemu_fprintf(f, " %s " TARGET_FMT_lx "\n", "mstatus ", env->mstatus);
209 #ifdef TARGET_RISCV32
210 qemu_fprintf(f, " %s " TARGET_FMT_lx "\n", "mstatush ", env->mstatush);
211 #endif
212 if (riscv_has_ext(env, RVH)) {
213 qemu_fprintf(f, " %s " TARGET_FMT_lx "\n", "hstatus ", env->hstatus);
214 qemu_fprintf(f, " %s " TARGET_FMT_lx "\n", "vsstatus ", env->vsstatus);
216 qemu_fprintf(f, " %s " TARGET_FMT_lx "\n", "mip ", env->mip);
217 qemu_fprintf(f, " %s " TARGET_FMT_lx "\n", "mie ", env->mie);
218 qemu_fprintf(f, " %s " TARGET_FMT_lx "\n", "mideleg ", env->mideleg);
219 if (riscv_has_ext(env, RVH)) {
220 qemu_fprintf(f, " %s " TARGET_FMT_lx "\n", "hideleg ", env->hideleg);
222 qemu_fprintf(f, " %s " TARGET_FMT_lx "\n", "medeleg ", env->medeleg);
223 if (riscv_has_ext(env, RVH)) {
224 qemu_fprintf(f, " %s " TARGET_FMT_lx "\n", "hedeleg ", env->hedeleg);
226 qemu_fprintf(f, " %s " TARGET_FMT_lx "\n", "mtvec ", env->mtvec);
227 qemu_fprintf(f, " %s " TARGET_FMT_lx "\n", "stvec ", env->stvec);
228 if (riscv_has_ext(env, RVH)) {
229 qemu_fprintf(f, " %s " TARGET_FMT_lx "\n", "vstvec ", env->vstvec);
231 qemu_fprintf(f, " %s " TARGET_FMT_lx "\n", "mepc ", env->mepc);
232 qemu_fprintf(f, " %s " TARGET_FMT_lx "\n", "sepc ", env->sepc);
233 if (riscv_has_ext(env, RVH)) {
234 qemu_fprintf(f, " %s " TARGET_FMT_lx "\n", "vsepc ", env->vsepc);
236 qemu_fprintf(f, " %s " TARGET_FMT_lx "\n", "mcause ", env->mcause);
237 qemu_fprintf(f, " %s " TARGET_FMT_lx "\n", "scause ", env->scause);
238 if (riscv_has_ext(env, RVH)) {
239 qemu_fprintf(f, " %s " TARGET_FMT_lx "\n", "vscause ", env->vscause);
241 qemu_fprintf(f, " %s " TARGET_FMT_lx "\n", "mtval ", env->mtval);
242 qemu_fprintf(f, " %s " TARGET_FMT_lx "\n", "stval ", env->sbadaddr);
243 if (riscv_has_ext(env, RVH)) {
244 qemu_fprintf(f, " %s " TARGET_FMT_lx "\n", "htval ", env->htval);
245 qemu_fprintf(f, " %s " TARGET_FMT_lx "\n", "mtval2 ", env->mtval2);
247 #endif
249 for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
250 qemu_fprintf(f, " %s " TARGET_FMT_lx,
251 riscv_int_regnames[i], env->gpr[i]);
252 if ((i & 3) == 3) {
253 qemu_fprintf(f, "\n");
256 if (flags & CPU_DUMP_FPU) {
257 for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
258 qemu_fprintf(f, " %s %016" PRIx64,
259 riscv_fpr_regnames[i], env->fpr[i]);
260 if ((i & 3) == 3) {
261 qemu_fprintf(f, "\n");
267 static void riscv_cpu_set_pc(CPUState *cs, vaddr value)
269 RISCVCPU *cpu = RISCV_CPU(cs);
270 CPURISCVState *env = &cpu->env;
271 env->pc = value;
274 static void riscv_cpu_synchronize_from_tb(CPUState *cs, TranslationBlock *tb)
276 RISCVCPU *cpu = RISCV_CPU(cs);
277 CPURISCVState *env = &cpu->env;
278 env->pc = tb->pc;
281 static bool riscv_cpu_has_work(CPUState *cs)
283 #ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
284 RISCVCPU *cpu = RISCV_CPU(cs);
285 CPURISCVState *env = &cpu->env;
287 * Definition of the WFI instruction requires it to ignore the privilege
288 * mode and delegation registers, but respect individual enables
290 return (env->mip & env->mie) != 0;
291 #else
292 return true;
293 #endif
296 void restore_state_to_opc(CPURISCVState *env, TranslationBlock *tb,
297 target_ulong *data)
299 env->pc = data[0];
302 static void riscv_cpu_reset(DeviceState *dev)
304 CPUState *cs = CPU(dev);
305 RISCVCPU *cpu = RISCV_CPU(cs);
306 RISCVCPUClass *mcc = RISCV_CPU_GET_CLASS(cpu);
307 CPURISCVState *env = &cpu->env;
309 mcc->parent_reset(dev);
310 #ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
311 env->priv = PRV_M;
312 env->mstatus &= ~(MSTATUS_MIE | MSTATUS_MPRV);
313 env->mcause = 0;
314 env->pc = env->resetvec;
315 #endif
316 cs->exception_index = EXCP_NONE;
317 env->load_res = -1;
318 set_default_nan_mode(1, &env->fp_status);
321 static void riscv_cpu_disas_set_info(CPUState *s, disassemble_info *info)
323 #if defined(TARGET_RISCV32)
324 info->print_insn = print_insn_riscv32;
325 #elif defined(TARGET_RISCV64)
326 info->print_insn = print_insn_riscv64;
327 #endif
330 static void riscv_cpu_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
332 CPUState *cs = CPU(dev);
333 RISCVCPU *cpu = RISCV_CPU(dev);
334 CPURISCVState *env = &cpu->env;
335 RISCVCPUClass *mcc = RISCV_CPU_GET_CLASS(dev);
336 int priv_version = PRIV_VERSION_1_11_0;
337 target_ulong target_misa = 0;
338 Error *local_err = NULL;
340 cpu_exec_realizefn(cs, &local_err);
341 if (local_err != NULL) {
342 error_propagate(errp, local_err);
343 return;
346 if (cpu->cfg.priv_spec) {
347 if (!g_strcmp0(cpu->cfg.priv_spec, "v1.11.0")) {
348 priv_version = PRIV_VERSION_1_11_0;
349 } else if (!g_strcmp0(cpu->cfg.priv_spec, "v1.10.0")) {
350 priv_version = PRIV_VERSION_1_10_0;
351 } else {
352 error_setg(errp,
353 "Unsupported privilege spec version '%s'",
354 cpu->cfg.priv_spec);
355 return;
359 set_priv_version(env, priv_version);
361 if (cpu->cfg.mmu) {
362 set_feature(env, RISCV_FEATURE_MMU);
365 if (cpu->cfg.pmp) {
366 set_feature(env, RISCV_FEATURE_PMP);
369 /* If misa isn't set (rv32 and rv64 machines) set it here */
370 if (!env->misa) {
371 /* Do some ISA extension error checking */
372 if (cpu->cfg.ext_i && cpu->cfg.ext_e) {
373 error_setg(errp,
374 "I and E extensions are incompatible");
375 return;
378 if (!cpu->cfg.ext_i && !cpu->cfg.ext_e) {
379 error_setg(errp,
380 "Either I or E extension must be set");
381 return;
384 if (cpu->cfg.ext_g && !(cpu->cfg.ext_i & cpu->cfg.ext_m &
385 cpu->cfg.ext_a & cpu->cfg.ext_f &
386 cpu->cfg.ext_d)) {
387 warn_report("Setting G will also set IMAFD");
388 cpu->cfg.ext_i = true;
389 cpu->cfg.ext_m = true;
390 cpu->cfg.ext_a = true;
391 cpu->cfg.ext_f = true;
392 cpu->cfg.ext_d = true;
395 /* Set the ISA extensions, checks should have happened above */
396 if (cpu->cfg.ext_i) {
397 target_misa |= RVI;
399 if (cpu->cfg.ext_e) {
400 target_misa |= RVE;
402 if (cpu->cfg.ext_m) {
403 target_misa |= RVM;
405 if (cpu->cfg.ext_a) {
406 target_misa |= RVA;
408 if (cpu->cfg.ext_f) {
409 target_misa |= RVF;
411 if (cpu->cfg.ext_d) {
412 target_misa |= RVD;
414 if (cpu->cfg.ext_c) {
415 target_misa |= RVC;
417 if (cpu->cfg.ext_s) {
418 target_misa |= RVS;
420 if (cpu->cfg.ext_u) {
421 target_misa |= RVU;
423 if (cpu->cfg.ext_h) {
424 target_misa |= RVH;
427 set_misa(env, RVXLEN | target_misa);
430 riscv_cpu_register_gdb_regs_for_features(cs);
432 qemu_init_vcpu(cs);
433 cpu_reset(cs);
435 mcc->parent_realize(dev, errp);
438 static void riscv_cpu_init(Object *obj)
440 RISCVCPU *cpu = RISCV_CPU(obj);
442 cpu_set_cpustate_pointers(cpu);
445 #ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
446 static const VMStateDescription vmstate_riscv_cpu = {
447 .name = "cpu",
448 .unmigratable = 1,
450 #endif
452 static Property riscv_cpu_properties[] = {
453 DEFINE_PROP_BOOL("i", RISCVCPU, cfg.ext_i, true),
454 DEFINE_PROP_BOOL("e", RISCVCPU, cfg.ext_e, false),
455 DEFINE_PROP_BOOL("g", RISCVCPU, cfg.ext_g, true),
456 DEFINE_PROP_BOOL("m", RISCVCPU, cfg.ext_m, true),
457 DEFINE_PROP_BOOL("a", RISCVCPU, cfg.ext_a, true),
458 DEFINE_PROP_BOOL("f", RISCVCPU, cfg.ext_f, true),
459 DEFINE_PROP_BOOL("d", RISCVCPU, cfg.ext_d, true),
460 DEFINE_PROP_BOOL("c", RISCVCPU, cfg.ext_c, true),
461 DEFINE_PROP_BOOL("s", RISCVCPU, cfg.ext_s, true),
462 DEFINE_PROP_BOOL("u", RISCVCPU, cfg.ext_u, true),
463 /* This is experimental so mark with 'x-' */
464 DEFINE_PROP_BOOL("x-h", RISCVCPU, cfg.ext_h, false),
465 DEFINE_PROP_BOOL("Counters", RISCVCPU, cfg.ext_counters, true),
466 DEFINE_PROP_BOOL("Zifencei", RISCVCPU, cfg.ext_ifencei, true),
467 DEFINE_PROP_BOOL("Zicsr", RISCVCPU, cfg.ext_icsr, true),
468 DEFINE_PROP_STRING("priv_spec", RISCVCPU, cfg.priv_spec),
469 DEFINE_PROP_BOOL("mmu", RISCVCPU, cfg.mmu, true),
470 DEFINE_PROP_BOOL("pmp", RISCVCPU, cfg.pmp, true),
471 DEFINE_PROP_END_OF_LIST(),
474 static void riscv_cpu_class_init(ObjectClass *c, void *data)
476 RISCVCPUClass *mcc = RISCV_CPU_CLASS(c);
477 CPUClass *cc = CPU_CLASS(c);
478 DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(c);
480 device_class_set_parent_realize(dc, riscv_cpu_realize,
481 &mcc->parent_realize);
483 device_class_set_parent_reset(dc, riscv_cpu_reset, &mcc->parent_reset);
485 cc->class_by_name = riscv_cpu_class_by_name;
486 cc->has_work = riscv_cpu_has_work;
487 cc->do_interrupt = riscv_cpu_do_interrupt;
488 cc->cpu_exec_interrupt = riscv_cpu_exec_interrupt;
489 cc->dump_state = riscv_cpu_dump_state;
490 cc->set_pc = riscv_cpu_set_pc;
491 cc->synchronize_from_tb = riscv_cpu_synchronize_from_tb;
492 cc->gdb_read_register = riscv_cpu_gdb_read_register;
493 cc->gdb_write_register = riscv_cpu_gdb_write_register;
494 cc->gdb_num_core_regs = 33;
495 #if defined(TARGET_RISCV32)
496 cc->gdb_core_xml_file = "riscv-32bit-cpu.xml";
497 #elif defined(TARGET_RISCV64)
498 cc->gdb_core_xml_file = "riscv-64bit-cpu.xml";
499 #endif
500 cc->gdb_stop_before_watchpoint = true;
501 cc->disas_set_info = riscv_cpu_disas_set_info;
502 #ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
503 cc->do_transaction_failed = riscv_cpu_do_transaction_failed;
504 cc->do_unaligned_access = riscv_cpu_do_unaligned_access;
505 cc->get_phys_page_debug = riscv_cpu_get_phys_page_debug;
506 /* For now, mark unmigratable: */
507 cc->vmsd = &vmstate_riscv_cpu;
508 #endif
509 #ifdef CONFIG_TCG
510 cc->tcg_initialize = riscv_translate_init;
511 cc->tlb_fill = riscv_cpu_tlb_fill;
512 #endif
513 device_class_set_props(dc, riscv_cpu_properties);
516 char *riscv_isa_string(RISCVCPU *cpu)
518 int i;
519 const size_t maxlen = sizeof("rv128") + sizeof(riscv_exts) + 1;
520 char *isa_str = g_new(char, maxlen);
521 char *p = isa_str + snprintf(isa_str, maxlen, "rv%d", TARGET_LONG_BITS);
522 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(riscv_exts); i++) {
523 if (cpu->env.misa & RV(riscv_exts[i])) {
524 *p++ = qemu_tolower(riscv_exts[i]);
527 *p = '\0';
528 return isa_str;
531 static gint riscv_cpu_list_compare(gconstpointer a, gconstpointer b)
533 ObjectClass *class_a = (ObjectClass *)a;
534 ObjectClass *class_b = (ObjectClass *)b;
535 const char *name_a, *name_b;
537 name_a = object_class_get_name(class_a);
538 name_b = object_class_get_name(class_b);
539 return strcmp(name_a, name_b);
542 static void riscv_cpu_list_entry(gpointer data, gpointer user_data)
544 const char *typename = object_class_get_name(OBJECT_CLASS(data));
545 int len = strlen(typename) - strlen(RISCV_CPU_TYPE_SUFFIX);
547 qemu_printf("%.*s\n", len, typename);
550 void riscv_cpu_list(void)
552 GSList *list;
554 list = object_class_get_list(TYPE_RISCV_CPU, false);
555 list = g_slist_sort(list, riscv_cpu_list_compare);
556 g_slist_foreach(list, riscv_cpu_list_entry, NULL);
557 g_slist_free(list);
560 #define DEFINE_CPU(type_name, initfn) \
562 .name = type_name, \
563 .parent = TYPE_RISCV_CPU, \
564 .instance_init = initfn \
567 static const TypeInfo riscv_cpu_type_infos[] = {
569 .name = TYPE_RISCV_CPU,
570 .parent = TYPE_CPU,
571 .instance_size = sizeof(RISCVCPU),
572 .instance_init = riscv_cpu_init,
573 .abstract = true,
574 .class_size = sizeof(RISCVCPUClass),
575 .class_init = riscv_cpu_class_init,
577 DEFINE_CPU(TYPE_RISCV_CPU_ANY, riscv_any_cpu_init),
578 #if defined(TARGET_RISCV32)
579 DEFINE_CPU(TYPE_RISCV_CPU_BASE32, riscv_base_cpu_init),
580 DEFINE_CPU(TYPE_RISCV_CPU_IBEX, rv32_ibex_cpu_init),
581 DEFINE_CPU(TYPE_RISCV_CPU_SIFIVE_E31, rvxx_imacu_nommu_cpu_init),
582 DEFINE_CPU(TYPE_RISCV_CPU_SIFIVE_E34, rv32_imafcu_nommu_cpu_init),
583 DEFINE_CPU(TYPE_RISCV_CPU_SIFIVE_U34, rvxx_gcsu_priv1_10_0_cpu_init),
584 #elif defined(TARGET_RISCV64)
585 DEFINE_CPU(TYPE_RISCV_CPU_BASE64, riscv_base_cpu_init),
586 DEFINE_CPU(TYPE_RISCV_CPU_SIFIVE_E51, rvxx_imacu_nommu_cpu_init),
587 DEFINE_CPU(TYPE_RISCV_CPU_SIFIVE_U54, rvxx_gcsu_priv1_10_0_cpu_init),
588 #endif
591 DEFINE_TYPES(riscv_cpu_type_infos)