qemu-io.c

   1 /*
   2  * Command line utility to exercise the QEMU I/O path.
   3  *
   4  * Copyright (C) 2009 Red Hat, Inc.
   5  * Copyright (c) 2003-2005 Silicon Graphics, Inc.
   6  *
   7  * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or later.
   8  * See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
   9  */
  10
  11 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
  12 #include <getopt.h>
  13 #include <libgen.h>
  14 #ifndef _WIN32
  15 #include <termios.h>
  16 #endif
  17
  18 #include "qapi/error.h"
  19 #include "qemu-io.h"
  20 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
  21 #include "qemu/main-loop.h"
  22 #include "qemu/option.h"
  23 #include "qemu/config-file.h"
  24 #include "qemu/readline.h"
  25 #include "qemu/log.h"
  26 #include "qapi/qmp/qstring.h"
  27 #include "qapi/qmp/qdict.h"
  28 #include "qom/object_interfaces.h"
  29 #include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
  30 #include "block/block_int.h"
  31 #include "trace/control.h"
  32 #include "crypto/init.h"
  33 #include "qemu-version.h"
  34
  35 #define CMD_NOFILE_OK   0x01
  36
  37 static char *progname;
  38
  39 static BlockBackend *qemuio_blk;
  40
  41 /* qemu-io commands passed using -c */
  42 static int ncmdline;
  43 static char **cmdline;
  44 static bool imageOpts;
  45
  46 static ReadLineState *readline_state;
  47
  48 static int ttyEOF;
  49
  50 static int get_eof_char(void)
  51 {
  52 #ifdef _WIN32
  53     return 0x4; /* Ctrl-D */
  54 #else
  55     struct termios tty;
  56     if (tcgetattr(STDIN_FILENO, &tty) != 0) {
  57         if (errno == ENOTTY) {
  58             return 0x0; /* just expect read() == 0 */
  59         } else {
  60             return 0x4; /* Ctrl-D */
  61         }
  62     }
  63
  64     return tty.c_cc[VEOF];
  65 #endif
  66 }
  67
  68 static int close_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
  69 {
  70     blk_unref(qemuio_blk);
  71     qemuio_blk = NULL;
  72     return 0;
  73 }
  74
  75 static const cmdinfo_t close_cmd = {
  76     .name       = "close",
  77     .altname    = "c",
  78     .cfunc      = close_f,
  79     .oneline    = "close the current open file",
  80 };
  81
  82 static int openfile(char *name, int flags, bool writethrough, bool force_share,
  83                     QDict *opts)
  84 {
  85     Error *local_err = NULL;
  86
  87     if (qemuio_blk) {
  88         error_report("file open already, try 'help close'");
  89         QDECREF(opts);
  90         return 1;
  91     }
  92
  93     if (force_share) {
  94         if (!opts) {
  95             opts = qdict_new();
  96         }
  97         if (qdict_haskey(opts, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE)
  98             && !qdict_get_bool(opts, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE)) {
  99             error_report("-U conflicts with image options");
 100             QDECREF(opts);
 101             return 1;
 102         }
 103         qdict_put_bool(opts, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, true);
 104     }
 105     qemuio_blk = blk_new_open(name, NULL, opts, flags, &local_err);
 106     if (!qemuio_blk) {
 107         error_reportf_err(local_err, "can't open%s%s: ",
 108                           name ? " device " : "", name ?: "");
 109         return 1;
 110     }
 111
 112     blk_set_enable_write_cache(qemuio_blk, !writethrough);
 113
 114     return 0;
 115 }
 116
 117 static void open_help(void)
 118 {
 119     printf(
 120 "\n"
 121 " opens a new file in the requested mode\n"
 122 "\n"
 123 " Example:\n"
 124 " 'open -n -o driver=raw /tmp/data' - opens raw data file read-write, uncached\n"
 125 "\n"
 126 " Opens a file for subsequent use by all of the other qemu-io commands.\n"
 127 " -r, -- open file read-only\n"
 128 " -s, -- use snapshot file\n"
 129 " -C, -- use copy-on-read\n"
 130 " -n, -- disable host cache, short for -t none\n"
 131 " -U, -- force shared permissions\n"
 132 " -k, -- use kernel AIO implementation (on Linux only)\n"
 133 " -t, -- use the given cache mode for the image\n"
 134 " -d, -- use the given discard mode for the image\n"
 135 " -o, -- options to be given to the block driver"
 136 "\n");
 137 }
 138
 139 static int open_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv);
 140
 141 static const cmdinfo_t open_cmd = {
 142     .name       = "open",
 143     .altname    = "o",
 144     .cfunc      = open_f,
 145     .argmin     = 1,
 146     .argmax     = -1,
 147     .flags      = CMD_NOFILE_OK,
 148     .args       = "[-rsCnkU] [-t cache] [-d discard] [-o options] [path]",
 149     .oneline    = "open the file specified by path",
 150     .help       = open_help,
 151 };
 152
 153 static QemuOptsList empty_opts = {
 154     .name = "drive",
 155     .merge_lists = true,
 156     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(empty_opts.head),
 157     .desc = {
 158         /* no elements => accept any params */
 159         { /* end of list */ }
 160     },
 161 };
 162
 163 static int open_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
 164 {
 165     int flags = BDRV_O_UNMAP;
 166     int readonly = 0;
 167     bool writethrough = true;
 168     int c;
 169     QemuOpts *qopts;
 170     QDict *opts;
 171     bool force_share = false;
 172
 173     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "snCro:kt:d:U")) != -1) {
 174         switch (c) {
 175         case 's':
 176             flags |= BDRV_O_SNAPSHOT;
 177             break;
 178         case 'n':
 179             flags |= BDRV_O_NOCACHE;
 180             writethrough = false;
 181             break;
 182         case 'C':
 183             flags |= BDRV_O_COPY_ON_READ;
 184             break;
 185         case 'r':
 186             readonly = 1;
 187             break;
 188         case 'k':
 189             flags |= BDRV_O_NATIVE_AIO;
 190             break;
 191         case 't':
 192             if (bdrv_parse_cache_mode(optarg, &flags, &writethrough) < 0) {
 193                 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", optarg);
 194                 qemu_opts_reset(&empty_opts);
 195                 return 0;
 196             }
 197             break;
 198         case 'd':
 199             if (bdrv_parse_discard_flags(optarg, &flags) < 0) {
 200                 error_report("Invalid discard option: %s", optarg);
 201                 qemu_opts_reset(&empty_opts);
 202                 return 0;
 203             }
 204             break;
 205         case 'o':
 206             if (imageOpts) {
 207                 printf("--image-opts and 'open -o' are mutually exclusive\n");
 208                 qemu_opts_reset(&empty_opts);
 209                 return 0;
 210             }
 211             if (!qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&empty_opts, optarg, false)) {
 212                 qemu_opts_reset(&empty_opts);
 213                 return 0;
 214             }
 215             break;
 216         case 'U':
 217             force_share = true;
 218             break;
 219         default:
 220             qemu_opts_reset(&empty_opts);
 221             return qemuio_command_usage(&open_cmd);
 222         }
 223     }
 224
 225     if (!readonly) {
 226         flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
 227     }
 228
 229     if (imageOpts && (optind == argc - 1)) {
 230         if (!qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&empty_opts, argv[optind], false)) {
 231             qemu_opts_reset(&empty_opts);
 232             return 0;
 233         }
 234         optind++;
 235     }
 236
 237     qopts = qemu_opts_find(&empty_opts, NULL);
 238     opts = qopts ? qemu_opts_to_qdict(qopts, NULL) : NULL;
 239     qemu_opts_reset(&empty_opts);
 240
 241     if (optind == argc - 1) {
 242         openfile(argv[optind], flags, writethrough, force_share, opts);
 243     } else if (optind == argc) {
 244         openfile(NULL, flags, writethrough, force_share, opts);
 245     } else {
 246         QDECREF(opts);
 247         qemuio_command_usage(&open_cmd);
 248     }
 249     return 0;
 250 }
 251
 252 static int quit_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
 253 {
 254     return 1;
 255 }
 256
 257 static const cmdinfo_t quit_cmd = {
 258     .name       = "quit",
 259     .altname    = "q",
 260     .cfunc      = quit_f,
 261     .argmin     = -1,
 262     .argmax     = -1,
 263     .flags      = CMD_FLAG_GLOBAL,
 264     .oneline    = "exit the program",
 265 };
 266
 267 static void usage(const char *name)
 268 {
 269     printf(
 270 "Usage: %s [OPTIONS]... [-c STRING]... [file]\n"
 271 "QEMU Disk exerciser\n"
 272 "\n"
 273 "  --object OBJECTDEF   define an object such as 'secret' for\n"
 274 "                       passwords and/or encryption keys\n"
 275 "  --image-opts         treat file as option string\n"
 276 "  -c, --cmd STRING     execute command with its arguments\n"
 277 "                       from the given string\n"
 278 "  -f, --format FMT     specifies the block driver to use\n"
 279 "  -r, --read-only      export read-only\n"
 280 "  -s, --snapshot       use snapshot file\n"
 281 "  -n, --nocache        disable host cache, short for -t none\n"
 282 "  -C, --copy-on-read   enable copy-on-read\n"
 283 "  -m, --misalign       misalign allocations for O_DIRECT\n"
 284 "  -k, --native-aio     use kernel AIO implementation (on Linux only)\n"
 285 "  -t, --cache=MODE     use the given cache mode for the image\n"
 286 "  -d, --discard=MODE   use the given discard mode for the image\n"
 287 "  -T, --trace [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]\n"
 288 "                       specify tracing options\n"
 289 "                       see qemu-img(1) man page for full description\n"
 290 "  -U, --force-share    force shared permissions\n"
 291 "  -h, --help           display this help and exit\n"
 292 "  -V, --version        output version information and exit\n"
 293 "\n"
 294 "See '%s -c help' for information on available commands.\n"
 295 "\n"
 296 QEMU_HELP_BOTTOM "\n",
 297     name, name);
 298 }
 299
 300 static char *get_prompt(void)
 301 {
 302     static char prompt[FILENAME_MAX + 2 /*"> "*/ + 1 /*"\0"*/ ];
 303
 304     if (!prompt[0]) {
 305         snprintf(prompt, sizeof(prompt), "%s> ", progname);
 306     }
 307
 308     return prompt;
 309 }
 310
 311 static void GCC_FMT_ATTR(2, 3) readline_printf_func(void *opaque,
 312                                                     const char *fmt, ...)
 313 {
 314     va_list ap;
 315     va_start(ap, fmt);
 316     vprintf(fmt, ap);
 317     va_end(ap);
 318 }
 319
 320 static void readline_flush_func(void *opaque)
 321 {
 322     fflush(stdout);
 323 }
 324
 325 static void readline_func(void *opaque, const char *str, void *readline_opaque)
 326 {
 327     char **line = readline_opaque;
 328     *line = g_strdup(str);
 329 }
 330
 331 static void completion_match(const char *cmd, void *opaque)
 332 {
 333     readline_add_completion(readline_state, cmd);
 334 }
 335
 336 static void readline_completion_func(void *opaque, const char *str)
 337 {
 338     readline_set_completion_index(readline_state, strlen(str));
 339     qemuio_complete_command(str, completion_match, NULL);
 340 }
 341
 342 static char *fetchline_readline(void)
 343 {
 344     char *line = NULL;
 345
 346     readline_start(readline_state, get_prompt(), 0, readline_func, &line);
 347     while (!line) {
 348         int ch = getchar();
 349         if (ttyEOF != 0x0 && ch == ttyEOF) {
 350             printf("\n");
 351             break;
 352         }
 353         readline_handle_byte(readline_state, ch);
 354     }
 355     return line;
 356 }
 357
 358 #define MAXREADLINESZ 1024
 359 static char *fetchline_fgets(void)
 360 {
 361     char *p, *line = g_malloc(MAXREADLINESZ);
 362
 363     if (!fgets(line, MAXREADLINESZ, stdin)) {
 364         g_free(line);
 365         return NULL;
 366     }
 367
 368     p = line + strlen(line);
 369     if (p != line && p[-1] == '\n') {
 370         p[-1] = '\0';
 371     }
 372
 373     return line;
 374 }
 375
 376 static char *fetchline(void)
 377 {
 378     if (readline_state) {
 379         return fetchline_readline();
 380     } else {
 381         return fetchline_fgets();
 382     }
 383 }
 384
 385 static void prep_fetchline(void *opaque)
 386 {
 387     int *fetchable = opaque;
 388
 389     qemu_set_fd_handler(STDIN_FILENO, NULL, NULL, NULL);
 390     *fetchable= 1;
 391 }
 392
 393 static void command_loop(void)
 394 {
 395     int i, done = 0, fetchable = 0, prompted = 0;
 396     char *input;
 397
 398     for (i = 0; !done && i < ncmdline; i++) {
 399         done = qemuio_command(qemuio_blk, cmdline[i]);
 400     }
 401     if (cmdline) {
 402         g_free(cmdline);
 403         return;
 404     }
 405
 406     while (!done) {
 407         if (!prompted) {
 408             printf("%s", get_prompt());
 409             fflush(stdout);
 410             qemu_set_fd_handler(STDIN_FILENO, prep_fetchline, NULL, &fetchable);
 411             prompted = 1;
 412         }
 413
 414         main_loop_wait(false);
 415
 416         if (!fetchable) {
 417             continue;
 418         }
 419
 420         input = fetchline();
 421         if (input == NULL) {
 422             break;
 423         }
 424         done = qemuio_command(qemuio_blk, input);
 425         g_free(input);
 426
 427         prompted = 0;
 428         fetchable = 0;
 429     }
 430     qemu_set_fd_handler(STDIN_FILENO, NULL, NULL, NULL);
 431 }
 432
 433 static void add_user_command(char *optarg)
 434 {
 435     cmdline = g_renew(char *, cmdline, ++ncmdline);
 436     cmdline[ncmdline-1] = optarg;
 437 }
 438
 439 static void reenable_tty_echo(void)
 440 {
 441     qemu_set_tty_echo(STDIN_FILENO, true);
 442 }
 443
 444 enum {
 445     OPTION_OBJECT = 256,
 446     OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS = 257,
 447 };
 448
 449 static QemuOptsList qemu_object_opts = {
 450     .name = "object",
 451     .implied_opt_name = "qom-type",
 452     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_object_opts.head),
 453     .desc = {
 454         { }
 455     },
 456 };
 457
 458
 459 static QemuOptsList file_opts = {
 460     .name = "file",
 461     .implied_opt_name = "file",
 462     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(file_opts.head),
 463     .desc = {
 464         /* no elements => accept any params */
 465         { /* end of list */ }
 466     },
 467 };
 468
 469 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 470 {
 471     int readonly = 0;
 472     const char *sopt = "hVc:d:f:rsnCmkt:T:U";
 473     const struct option lopt[] = {
 474         { "help", no_argument, NULL, 'h' },
 475         { "version", no_argument, NULL, 'V' },
 476         { "cmd", required_argument, NULL, 'c' },
 477         { "format", required_argument, NULL, 'f' },
 478         { "read-only", no_argument, NULL, 'r' },
 479         { "snapshot", no_argument, NULL, 's' },
 480         { "nocache", no_argument, NULL, 'n' },
 481         { "copy-on-read", no_argument, NULL, 'C' },
 482         { "misalign", no_argument, NULL, 'm' },
 483         { "native-aio", no_argument, NULL, 'k' },
 484         { "discard", required_argument, NULL, 'd' },
 485         { "cache", required_argument, NULL, 't' },
 486         { "trace", required_argument, NULL, 'T' },
 487         { "object", required_argument, NULL, OPTION_OBJECT },
 488         { "image-opts", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS },
 489         { "force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
 490         { NULL, 0, NULL, 0 }
 491     };
 492     int c;
 493     int opt_index = 0;
 494     int flags = BDRV_O_UNMAP;
 495     bool writethrough = true;
 496     Error *local_error = NULL;
 497     QDict *opts = NULL;
 498     const char *format = NULL;
 499     char *trace_file = NULL;
 500     bool force_share = false;
 501
 502 #ifdef CONFIG_POSIX
 503     signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
 504 #endif
 505
 506     module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_TRACE);
 507     progname = basename(argv[0]);
 508     qemu_init_exec_dir(argv[0]);
 509
 510     qcrypto_init(&error_fatal);
 511
 512     module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_QOM);
 513     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_object_opts);
 514     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_trace_opts);
 515     bdrv_init();
 516
 517     while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, sopt, lopt, &opt_index)) != -1) {
 518         switch (c) {
 519         case 's':
 520             flags |= BDRV_O_SNAPSHOT;
 521             break;
 522         case 'n':
 523             flags |= BDRV_O_NOCACHE;
 524             writethrough = false;
 525             break;
 526         case 'C':
 527             flags |= BDRV_O_COPY_ON_READ;
 528             break;
 529         case 'd':
 530             if (bdrv_parse_discard_flags(optarg, &flags) < 0) {
 531                 error_report("Invalid discard option: %s", optarg);
 532                 exit(1);
 533             }
 534             break;
 535         case 'f':
 536             format = optarg;
 537             break;
 538         case 'c':
 539             add_user_command(optarg);
 540             break;
 541         case 'r':
 542             readonly = 1;
 543             break;
 544         case 'm':
 545             qemuio_misalign = true;
 546             break;
 547         case 'k':
 548             flags |= BDRV_O_NATIVE_AIO;
 549             break;
 550         case 't':
 551             if (bdrv_parse_cache_mode(optarg, &flags, &writethrough) < 0) {
 552                 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", optarg);
 553                 exit(1);
 554             }
 555             break;
 556         case 'T':
 557             g_free(trace_file);
 558             trace_file = trace_opt_parse(optarg);
 559             break;
 560         case 'V':
 561             printf("%s version " QEMU_VERSION QEMU_PKGVERSION "\n"
 562                    QEMU_COPYRIGHT "\n", progname);
 563             exit(0);
 564         case 'h':
 565             usage(progname);
 566             exit(0);
 567         case 'U':
 568             force_share = true;
 569             break;
 570         case OPTION_OBJECT: {
 571             QemuOpts *qopts;
 572             qopts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
 573                                             optarg, true);
 574             if (!qopts) {
 575                 exit(1);
 576             }
 577         }   break;
 578         case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
 579             imageOpts = true;
 580             break;
 581         default:
 582             usage(progname);
 583             exit(1);
 584         }
 585     }
 586
 587     if ((argc - optind) > 1) {
 588         usage(progname);
 589         exit(1);
 590     }
 591
 592     if (format && imageOpts) {
 593         error_report("--image-opts and -f are mutually exclusive");
 594         exit(1);
 595     }
 596
 597     if (qemu_init_main_loop(&local_error)) {
 598         error_report_err(local_error);
 599         exit(1);
 600     }
 601
 602     if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
 603                           user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
 604                           NULL, NULL)) {
 605         exit(1);
 606     }
 607
 608     if (!trace_init_backends()) {
 609         exit(1);
 610     }
 611     trace_init_file(trace_file);
 612     qemu_set_log(LOG_TRACE);
 613
 614     /* initialize commands */
 615     qemuio_add_command(&quit_cmd);
 616     qemuio_add_command(&open_cmd);
 617     qemuio_add_command(&close_cmd);
 618
 619     if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO)) {
 620         ttyEOF = get_eof_char();
 621         readline_state = readline_init(readline_printf_func,
 622                                        readline_flush_func,
 623                                        NULL,
 624                                        readline_completion_func);
 625         qemu_set_tty_echo(STDIN_FILENO, false);
 626         atexit(reenable_tty_echo);
 627     }
 628
 629     /* open the device */
 630     if (!readonly) {
 631         flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
 632     }
 633
 634     if ((argc - optind) == 1) {
 635         if (imageOpts) {
 636             QemuOpts *qopts = NULL;
 637             qopts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&file_opts, argv[optind], false);
 638             if (!qopts) {
 639                 exit(1);
 640             }
 641             opts = qemu_opts_to_qdict(qopts, NULL);
 642             if (openfile(NULL, flags, writethrough, force_share, opts)) {
 643                 exit(1);
 644             }
 645         } else {
 646             if (format) {
 647                 opts = qdict_new();
 648                 qdict_put_str(opts, "driver", format);
 649             }
 650             if (openfile(argv[optind], flags, writethrough,
 651                          force_share, opts)) {
 652                 exit(1);
 653             }
 654         }
 655     }
 656     command_loop();
 657
 658     /*
 659      * Make sure all outstanding requests complete before the program exits.
 660      */
 661     bdrv_drain_all();
 662
 663     blk_unref(qemuio_blk);
 664     g_free(readline_state);
 665     return 0;
 666 }