crypto: luks: Fix tiny memory leak
[qemu/ar7.git] / qemu-img.c
blobe2952fe955d1e1af77d4c3e9e08ff1bc1176fc09
1 /*
2 * QEMU disk image utility
4 * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
6 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
13 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
16 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
22 * THE SOFTWARE.
25 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
26 #include <getopt.h>
28 #include "qemu-common.h"
29 #include "qemu-version.h"
30 #include "qapi/error.h"
31 #include "qapi/qapi-commands-block-core.h"
32 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-block-core.h"
33 #include "qapi/qobject-output-visitor.h"
34 #include "qapi/qmp/qjson.h"
35 #include "qapi/qmp/qdict.h"
36 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
37 #include "qemu/config-file.h"
38 #include "qemu/option.h"
39 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
40 #include "qemu/log.h"
41 #include "qemu/main-loop.h"
42 #include "qemu/module.h"
43 #include "qemu/sockets.h"
44 #include "qemu/units.h"
45 #include "qom/object_interfaces.h"
46 #include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
47 #include "block/block_int.h"
48 #include "block/blockjob.h"
49 #include "block/qapi.h"
50 #include "crypto/init.h"
51 #include "trace/control.h"
52 #include "qemu/throttle.h"
53 #include "block/throttle-groups.h"
55 #define QEMU_IMG_VERSION "qemu-img version " QEMU_FULL_VERSION \
56 "\n" QEMU_COPYRIGHT "\n"
58 typedef struct img_cmd_t {
59 const char *name;
60 int (*handler)(int argc, char **argv);
61 } img_cmd_t;
63 enum {
64 OPTION_OUTPUT = 256,
65 OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN = 257,
66 OPTION_OBJECT = 258,
67 OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS = 259,
68 OPTION_PATTERN = 260,
69 OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL = 261,
70 OPTION_NO_DRAIN = 262,
71 OPTION_TARGET_IMAGE_OPTS = 263,
72 OPTION_SIZE = 264,
73 OPTION_PREALLOCATION = 265,
74 OPTION_SHRINK = 266,
75 OPTION_SALVAGE = 267,
76 OPTION_TARGET_IS_ZERO = 268,
77 OPTION_ADD = 269,
78 OPTION_REMOVE = 270,
79 OPTION_CLEAR = 271,
80 OPTION_ENABLE = 272,
81 OPTION_DISABLE = 273,
82 OPTION_MERGE = 274,
83 OPTION_BITMAPS = 275,
84 OPTION_FORCE = 276,
87 typedef enum OutputFormat {
88 OFORMAT_JSON,
89 OFORMAT_HUMAN,
90 } OutputFormat;
92 /* Default to cache=writeback as data integrity is not important for qemu-img */
93 #define BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE "writeback"
95 static void format_print(void *opaque, const char *name)
97 printf(" %s", name);
100 static void QEMU_NORETURN GCC_FMT_ATTR(1, 2) error_exit(const char *fmt, ...)
102 va_list ap;
104 va_start(ap, fmt);
105 error_vreport(fmt, ap);
106 va_end(ap);
108 error_printf("Try 'qemu-img --help' for more information\n");
109 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
112 static void QEMU_NORETURN missing_argument(const char *option)
114 error_exit("missing argument for option '%s'", option);
117 static void QEMU_NORETURN unrecognized_option(const char *option)
119 error_exit("unrecognized option '%s'", option);
122 /* Please keep in synch with docs/tools/qemu-img.rst */
123 static void QEMU_NORETURN help(void)
125 const char *help_msg =
126 QEMU_IMG_VERSION
127 "usage: qemu-img [standard options] command [command options]\n"
128 "QEMU disk image utility\n"
129 "\n"
130 " '-h', '--help' display this help and exit\n"
131 " '-V', '--version' output version information and exit\n"
132 " '-T', '--trace' [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]\n"
133 " specify tracing options\n"
134 "\n"
135 "Command syntax:\n"
136 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
137 " " arg_string "\n"
138 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
139 #undef DEF
140 "\n"
141 "Command parameters:\n"
142 " 'filename' is a disk image filename\n"
143 " 'objectdef' is a QEMU user creatable object definition. See the qemu(1)\n"
144 " manual page for a description of the object properties. The most common\n"
145 " object type is a 'secret', which is used to supply passwords and/or\n"
146 " encryption keys.\n"
147 " 'fmt' is the disk image format. It is guessed automatically in most cases\n"
148 " 'cache' is the cache mode used to write the output disk image, the valid\n"
149 " options are: 'none', 'writeback' (default, except for convert), 'writethrough',\n"
150 " 'directsync' and 'unsafe' (default for convert)\n"
151 " 'src_cache' is the cache mode used to read input disk images, the valid\n"
152 " options are the same as for the 'cache' option\n"
153 " 'size' is the disk image size in bytes. Optional suffixes\n"
154 " 'k' or 'K' (kilobyte, 1024), 'M' (megabyte, 1024k), 'G' (gigabyte, 1024M),\n"
155 " 'T' (terabyte, 1024G), 'P' (petabyte, 1024T) and 'E' (exabyte, 1024P) are\n"
156 " supported. 'b' is ignored.\n"
157 " 'output_filename' is the destination disk image filename\n"
158 " 'output_fmt' is the destination format\n"
159 " 'options' is a comma separated list of format specific options in a\n"
160 " name=value format. Use -o ? for an overview of the options supported by the\n"
161 " used format\n"
162 " 'snapshot_param' is param used for internal snapshot, format\n"
163 " is 'snapshot.id=[ID],snapshot.name=[NAME]', or\n"
164 " '[ID_OR_NAME]'\n"
165 " '-c' indicates that target image must be compressed (qcow format only)\n"
166 " '-u' allows unsafe backing chains. For rebasing, it is assumed that old and\n"
167 " new backing file match exactly. The image doesn't need a working\n"
168 " backing file before rebasing in this case (useful for renaming the\n"
169 " backing file). For image creation, allow creating without attempting\n"
170 " to open the backing file.\n"
171 " '-h' with or without a command shows this help and lists the supported formats\n"
172 " '-p' show progress of command (only certain commands)\n"
173 " '-q' use Quiet mode - do not print any output (except errors)\n"
174 " '-S' indicates the consecutive number of bytes (defaults to 4k) that must\n"
175 " contain only zeros for qemu-img to create a sparse image during\n"
176 " conversion. If the number of bytes is 0, the source will not be scanned for\n"
177 " unallocated or zero sectors, and the destination image will always be\n"
178 " fully allocated\n"
179 " '--output' takes the format in which the output must be done (human or json)\n"
180 " '-n' skips the target volume creation (useful if the volume is created\n"
181 " prior to running qemu-img)\n"
182 "\n"
183 "Parameters to bitmap subcommand:\n"
184 " 'bitmap' is the name of the bitmap to manipulate, through one or more\n"
185 " actions from '--add', '--remove', '--clear', '--enable', '--disable',\n"
186 " or '--merge source'\n"
187 " '-g granularity' sets the granularity for '--add' actions\n"
188 " '-b source' and '-F src_fmt' tell '--merge' actions to find the source\n"
189 " bitmaps from an alternative file\n"
190 "\n"
191 "Parameters to check subcommand:\n"
192 " '-r' tries to repair any inconsistencies that are found during the check.\n"
193 " '-r leaks' repairs only cluster leaks, whereas '-r all' fixes all\n"
194 " kinds of errors, with a higher risk of choosing the wrong fix or\n"
195 " hiding corruption that has already occurred.\n"
196 "\n"
197 "Parameters to convert subcommand:\n"
198 " '--bitmaps' copies all top-level persistent bitmaps to destination\n"
199 " '-m' specifies how many coroutines work in parallel during the convert\n"
200 " process (defaults to 8)\n"
201 " '-W' allow to write to the target out of order rather than sequential\n"
202 "\n"
203 "Parameters to snapshot subcommand:\n"
204 " 'snapshot' is the name of the snapshot to create, apply or delete\n"
205 " '-a' applies a snapshot (revert disk to saved state)\n"
206 " '-c' creates a snapshot\n"
207 " '-d' deletes a snapshot\n"
208 " '-l' lists all snapshots in the given image\n"
209 "\n"
210 "Parameters to compare subcommand:\n"
211 " '-f' first image format\n"
212 " '-F' second image format\n"
213 " '-s' run in Strict mode - fail on different image size or sector allocation\n"
214 "\n"
215 "Parameters to dd subcommand:\n"
216 " 'bs=BYTES' read and write up to BYTES bytes at a time "
217 "(default: 512)\n"
218 " 'count=N' copy only N input blocks\n"
219 " 'if=FILE' read from FILE\n"
220 " 'of=FILE' write to FILE\n"
221 " 'skip=N' skip N bs-sized blocks at the start of input\n";
223 printf("%s\nSupported formats:", help_msg);
224 bdrv_iterate_format(format_print, NULL, false);
225 printf("\n\n" QEMU_HELP_BOTTOM "\n");
226 exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
229 static QemuOptsList qemu_object_opts = {
230 .name = "object",
231 .implied_opt_name = "qom-type",
232 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_object_opts.head),
233 .desc = {
238 static bool qemu_img_object_print_help(const char *type, QemuOpts *opts)
240 if (user_creatable_print_help(type, opts)) {
241 exit(0);
243 return true;
247 * Is @optarg safe for accumulate_options()?
248 * It is when multiple of them can be joined together separated by ','.
249 * To make that work, @optarg must not start with ',' (or else a
250 * separating ',' preceding it gets escaped), and it must not end with
251 * an odd number of ',' (or else a separating ',' following it gets
252 * escaped), or be empty (or else a separating ',' preceding it can
253 * escape a separating ',' following it).
256 static bool is_valid_option_list(const char *optarg)
258 size_t len = strlen(optarg);
259 size_t i;
261 if (!optarg[0] || optarg[0] == ',') {
262 return false;
265 for (i = len; i > 0 && optarg[i - 1] == ','; i--) {
267 if ((len - i) % 2) {
268 return false;
271 return true;
274 static int accumulate_options(char **options, char *optarg)
276 char *new_options;
278 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
279 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
280 return -1;
283 if (!*options) {
284 *options = g_strdup(optarg);
285 } else {
286 new_options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", *options, optarg);
287 g_free(*options);
288 *options = new_options;
290 return 0;
293 static QemuOptsList qemu_source_opts = {
294 .name = "source",
295 .implied_opt_name = "file",
296 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_source_opts.head),
297 .desc = {
302 static int GCC_FMT_ATTR(2, 3) qprintf(bool quiet, const char *fmt, ...)
304 int ret = 0;
305 if (!quiet) {
306 va_list args;
307 va_start(args, fmt);
308 ret = vprintf(fmt, args);
309 va_end(args);
311 return ret;
315 static int print_block_option_help(const char *filename, const char *fmt)
317 BlockDriver *drv, *proto_drv;
318 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
319 Error *local_err = NULL;
321 /* Find driver and parse its options */
322 drv = bdrv_find_format(fmt);
323 if (!drv) {
324 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt);
325 return 1;
328 if (!drv->create_opts) {
329 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation", fmt);
330 return 1;
333 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
334 if (filename) {
335 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(filename, true, &local_err);
336 if (!proto_drv) {
337 error_report_err(local_err);
338 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
339 return 1;
341 if (!proto_drv->create_opts) {
342 error_report("Protocol driver '%s' does not support image creation",
343 proto_drv->format_name);
344 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
345 return 1;
347 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
350 if (filename) {
351 printf("Supported options:\n");
352 } else {
353 printf("Supported %s options:\n", fmt);
355 qemu_opts_print_help(create_opts, false);
356 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
358 if (!filename) {
359 printf("\n"
360 "The protocol level may support further options.\n"
361 "Specify the target filename to include those options.\n");
364 return 0;
368 static BlockBackend *img_open_opts(const char *optstr,
369 QemuOpts *opts, int flags, bool writethrough,
370 bool quiet, bool force_share)
372 QDict *options;
373 Error *local_err = NULL;
374 BlockBackend *blk;
375 options = qemu_opts_to_qdict(opts, NULL);
376 if (force_share) {
377 if (qdict_haskey(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE)
378 && strcmp(qdict_get_str(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE), "on")) {
379 error_report("--force-share/-U conflicts with image options");
380 qobject_unref(options);
381 return NULL;
383 qdict_put_str(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, "on");
385 blk = blk_new_open(NULL, NULL, options, flags, &local_err);
386 if (!blk) {
387 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Could not open '%s': ", optstr);
388 return NULL;
390 blk_set_enable_write_cache(blk, !writethrough);
392 return blk;
395 static BlockBackend *img_open_file(const char *filename,
396 QDict *options,
397 const char *fmt, int flags,
398 bool writethrough, bool quiet,
399 bool force_share)
401 BlockBackend *blk;
402 Error *local_err = NULL;
404 if (!options) {
405 options = qdict_new();
407 if (fmt) {
408 qdict_put_str(options, "driver", fmt);
411 if (force_share) {
412 qdict_put_bool(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, true);
414 blk = blk_new_open(filename, NULL, options, flags, &local_err);
415 if (!blk) {
416 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Could not open '%s': ", filename);
417 return NULL;
419 blk_set_enable_write_cache(blk, !writethrough);
421 return blk;
425 static int img_add_key_secrets(void *opaque,
426 const char *name, const char *value,
427 Error **errp)
429 QDict *options = opaque;
431 if (g_str_has_suffix(name, "key-secret")) {
432 qdict_put_str(options, name, value);
435 return 0;
439 static BlockBackend *img_open(bool image_opts,
440 const char *filename,
441 const char *fmt, int flags, bool writethrough,
442 bool quiet, bool force_share)
444 BlockBackend *blk;
445 if (image_opts) {
446 QemuOpts *opts;
447 if (fmt) {
448 error_report("--image-opts and --format are mutually exclusive");
449 return NULL;
451 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("source"),
452 filename, true);
453 if (!opts) {
454 return NULL;
456 blk = img_open_opts(filename, opts, flags, writethrough, quiet,
457 force_share);
458 } else {
459 blk = img_open_file(filename, NULL, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
460 force_share);
462 return blk;
466 static int add_old_style_options(const char *fmt, QemuOpts *opts,
467 const char *base_filename,
468 const char *base_fmt)
470 if (base_filename) {
471 if (!qemu_opt_set(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE, base_filename,
472 NULL)) {
473 error_report("Backing file not supported for file format '%s'",
474 fmt);
475 return -1;
478 if (base_fmt) {
479 if (!qemu_opt_set(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FMT, base_fmt, NULL)) {
480 error_report("Backing file format not supported for file "
481 "format '%s'", fmt);
482 return -1;
485 return 0;
488 static int64_t cvtnum_full(const char *name, const char *value, int64_t min,
489 int64_t max)
491 int err;
492 uint64_t res;
494 err = qemu_strtosz(value, NULL, &res);
495 if (err < 0 && err != -ERANGE) {
496 error_report("Invalid %s specified. You may use "
497 "k, M, G, T, P or E suffixes for", name);
498 error_report("kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, "
499 "petabytes and exabytes.");
500 return err;
502 if (err == -ERANGE || res > max || res < min) {
503 error_report("Invalid %s specified. Must be between %" PRId64
504 " and %" PRId64 ".", name, min, max);
505 return -ERANGE;
507 return res;
510 static int64_t cvtnum(const char *name, const char *value)
512 return cvtnum_full(name, value, 0, INT64_MAX);
515 static int img_create(int argc, char **argv)
517 int c;
518 uint64_t img_size = -1;
519 const char *fmt = "raw";
520 const char *base_fmt = NULL;
521 const char *filename;
522 const char *base_filename = NULL;
523 char *options = NULL;
524 Error *local_err = NULL;
525 bool quiet = false;
526 int flags = 0;
528 for(;;) {
529 static const struct option long_options[] = {
530 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
531 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
532 {0, 0, 0, 0}
534 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":F:b:f:ho:qu",
535 long_options, NULL);
536 if (c == -1) {
537 break;
539 switch(c) {
540 case ':':
541 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
542 break;
543 case '?':
544 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
545 break;
546 case 'h':
547 help();
548 break;
549 case 'F':
550 base_fmt = optarg;
551 break;
552 case 'b':
553 base_filename = optarg;
554 break;
555 case 'f':
556 fmt = optarg;
557 break;
558 case 'o':
559 if (accumulate_options(&options, optarg) < 0) {
560 goto fail;
562 break;
563 case 'q':
564 quiet = true;
565 break;
566 case 'u':
567 flags |= BDRV_O_NO_BACKING;
568 break;
569 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
570 QemuOpts *opts;
571 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
572 optarg, true);
573 if (!opts) {
574 goto fail;
576 } break;
580 /* Get the filename */
581 filename = (optind < argc) ? argv[optind] : NULL;
582 if (options && has_help_option(options)) {
583 g_free(options);
584 return print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
587 if (optind >= argc) {
588 error_exit("Expecting image file name");
590 optind++;
592 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
593 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
594 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
595 goto fail;
598 /* Get image size, if specified */
599 if (optind < argc) {
600 int64_t sval;
602 sval = cvtnum("image size", argv[optind++]);
603 if (sval < 0) {
604 goto fail;
606 img_size = (uint64_t)sval;
608 if (optind != argc) {
609 error_exit("Unexpected argument: %s", argv[optind]);
612 bdrv_img_create(filename, fmt, base_filename, base_fmt,
613 options, img_size, flags, quiet, &local_err);
614 if (local_err) {
615 error_reportf_err(local_err, "%s: ", filename);
616 goto fail;
619 g_free(options);
620 return 0;
622 fail:
623 g_free(options);
624 return 1;
627 static void dump_json_image_check(ImageCheck *check, bool quiet)
629 GString *str;
630 QObject *obj;
631 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
633 visit_type_ImageCheck(v, NULL, &check, &error_abort);
634 visit_complete(v, &obj);
635 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj, true);
636 assert(str != NULL);
637 qprintf(quiet, "%s\n", str->str);
638 qobject_unref(obj);
639 visit_free(v);
640 g_string_free(str, true);
643 static void dump_human_image_check(ImageCheck *check, bool quiet)
645 if (!(check->corruptions || check->leaks || check->check_errors)) {
646 qprintf(quiet, "No errors were found on the image.\n");
647 } else {
648 if (check->corruptions) {
649 qprintf(quiet, "\n%" PRId64 " errors were found on the image.\n"
650 "Data may be corrupted, or further writes to the image "
651 "may corrupt it.\n",
652 check->corruptions);
655 if (check->leaks) {
656 qprintf(quiet,
657 "\n%" PRId64 " leaked clusters were found on the image.\n"
658 "This means waste of disk space, but no harm to data.\n",
659 check->leaks);
662 if (check->check_errors) {
663 qprintf(quiet,
664 "\n%" PRId64
665 " internal errors have occurred during the check.\n",
666 check->check_errors);
670 if (check->total_clusters != 0 && check->allocated_clusters != 0) {
671 qprintf(quiet, "%" PRId64 "/%" PRId64 " = %0.2f%% allocated, "
672 "%0.2f%% fragmented, %0.2f%% compressed clusters\n",
673 check->allocated_clusters, check->total_clusters,
674 check->allocated_clusters * 100.0 / check->total_clusters,
675 check->fragmented_clusters * 100.0 / check->allocated_clusters,
676 check->compressed_clusters * 100.0 /
677 check->allocated_clusters);
680 if (check->image_end_offset) {
681 qprintf(quiet,
682 "Image end offset: %" PRId64 "\n", check->image_end_offset);
686 static int collect_image_check(BlockDriverState *bs,
687 ImageCheck *check,
688 const char *filename,
689 const char *fmt,
690 int fix)
692 int ret;
693 BdrvCheckResult result;
695 ret = bdrv_check(bs, &result, fix);
696 if (ret < 0) {
697 return ret;
700 check->filename = g_strdup(filename);
701 check->format = g_strdup(bdrv_get_format_name(bs));
702 check->check_errors = result.check_errors;
703 check->corruptions = result.corruptions;
704 check->has_corruptions = result.corruptions != 0;
705 check->leaks = result.leaks;
706 check->has_leaks = result.leaks != 0;
707 check->corruptions_fixed = result.corruptions_fixed;
708 check->has_corruptions_fixed = result.corruptions_fixed != 0;
709 check->leaks_fixed = result.leaks_fixed;
710 check->has_leaks_fixed = result.leaks_fixed != 0;
711 check->image_end_offset = result.image_end_offset;
712 check->has_image_end_offset = result.image_end_offset != 0;
713 check->total_clusters = result.bfi.total_clusters;
714 check->has_total_clusters = result.bfi.total_clusters != 0;
715 check->allocated_clusters = result.bfi.allocated_clusters;
716 check->has_allocated_clusters = result.bfi.allocated_clusters != 0;
717 check->fragmented_clusters = result.bfi.fragmented_clusters;
718 check->has_fragmented_clusters = result.bfi.fragmented_clusters != 0;
719 check->compressed_clusters = result.bfi.compressed_clusters;
720 check->has_compressed_clusters = result.bfi.compressed_clusters != 0;
722 return 0;
726 * Checks an image for consistency. Exit codes:
728 * 0 - Check completed, image is good
729 * 1 - Check not completed because of internal errors
730 * 2 - Check completed, image is corrupted
731 * 3 - Check completed, image has leaked clusters, but is good otherwise
732 * 63 - Checks are not supported by the image format
734 static int img_check(int argc, char **argv)
736 int c, ret;
737 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
738 const char *filename, *fmt, *output, *cache;
739 BlockBackend *blk;
740 BlockDriverState *bs;
741 int fix = 0;
742 int flags = BDRV_O_CHECK;
743 bool writethrough;
744 ImageCheck *check;
745 bool quiet = false;
746 bool image_opts = false;
747 bool force_share = false;
749 fmt = NULL;
750 output = NULL;
751 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
753 for(;;) {
754 int option_index = 0;
755 static const struct option long_options[] = {
756 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
757 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
758 {"repair", required_argument, 0, 'r'},
759 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
760 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
761 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
762 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
763 {0, 0, 0, 0}
765 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:r:T:qU",
766 long_options, &option_index);
767 if (c == -1) {
768 break;
770 switch(c) {
771 case ':':
772 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
773 break;
774 case '?':
775 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
776 break;
777 case 'h':
778 help();
779 break;
780 case 'f':
781 fmt = optarg;
782 break;
783 case 'r':
784 flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
786 if (!strcmp(optarg, "leaks")) {
787 fix = BDRV_FIX_LEAKS;
788 } else if (!strcmp(optarg, "all")) {
789 fix = BDRV_FIX_LEAKS | BDRV_FIX_ERRORS;
790 } else {
791 error_exit("Unknown option value for -r "
792 "(expecting 'leaks' or 'all'): %s", optarg);
794 break;
795 case OPTION_OUTPUT:
796 output = optarg;
797 break;
798 case 'T':
799 cache = optarg;
800 break;
801 case 'q':
802 quiet = true;
803 break;
804 case 'U':
805 force_share = true;
806 break;
807 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
808 QemuOpts *opts;
809 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
810 optarg, true);
811 if (!opts) {
812 return 1;
814 } break;
815 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
816 image_opts = true;
817 break;
820 if (optind != argc - 1) {
821 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
823 filename = argv[optind++];
825 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
826 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
827 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
828 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
829 } else if (output) {
830 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
831 return 1;
834 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
835 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
836 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
837 return 1;
840 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
841 if (ret < 0) {
842 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", cache);
843 return 1;
846 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
847 force_share);
848 if (!blk) {
849 return 1;
851 bs = blk_bs(blk);
853 check = g_new0(ImageCheck, 1);
854 ret = collect_image_check(bs, check, filename, fmt, fix);
856 if (ret == -ENOTSUP) {
857 error_report("This image format does not support checks");
858 ret = 63;
859 goto fail;
862 if (check->corruptions_fixed || check->leaks_fixed) {
863 int corruptions_fixed, leaks_fixed;
864 bool has_leaks_fixed, has_corruptions_fixed;
866 leaks_fixed = check->leaks_fixed;
867 has_leaks_fixed = check->has_leaks_fixed;
868 corruptions_fixed = check->corruptions_fixed;
869 has_corruptions_fixed = check->has_corruptions_fixed;
871 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
872 qprintf(quiet,
873 "The following inconsistencies were found and repaired:\n\n"
874 " %" PRId64 " leaked clusters\n"
875 " %" PRId64 " corruptions\n\n"
876 "Double checking the fixed image now...\n",
877 check->leaks_fixed,
878 check->corruptions_fixed);
881 qapi_free_ImageCheck(check);
882 check = g_new0(ImageCheck, 1);
883 ret = collect_image_check(bs, check, filename, fmt, 0);
885 check->leaks_fixed = leaks_fixed;
886 check->has_leaks_fixed = has_leaks_fixed;
887 check->corruptions_fixed = corruptions_fixed;
888 check->has_corruptions_fixed = has_corruptions_fixed;
891 if (!ret) {
892 switch (output_format) {
893 case OFORMAT_HUMAN:
894 dump_human_image_check(check, quiet);
895 break;
896 case OFORMAT_JSON:
897 dump_json_image_check(check, quiet);
898 break;
902 if (ret || check->check_errors) {
903 if (ret) {
904 error_report("Check failed: %s", strerror(-ret));
905 } else {
906 error_report("Check failed");
908 ret = 1;
909 goto fail;
912 if (check->corruptions) {
913 ret = 2;
914 } else if (check->leaks) {
915 ret = 3;
916 } else {
917 ret = 0;
920 fail:
921 qapi_free_ImageCheck(check);
922 blk_unref(blk);
923 return ret;
926 typedef struct CommonBlockJobCBInfo {
927 BlockDriverState *bs;
928 Error **errp;
929 } CommonBlockJobCBInfo;
931 static void common_block_job_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
933 CommonBlockJobCBInfo *cbi = opaque;
935 if (ret < 0) {
936 error_setg_errno(cbi->errp, -ret, "Block job failed");
940 static void run_block_job(BlockJob *job, Error **errp)
942 AioContext *aio_context = blk_get_aio_context(job->blk);
943 int ret = 0;
945 aio_context_acquire(aio_context);
946 job_ref(&job->job);
947 do {
948 float progress = 0.0f;
949 aio_poll(aio_context, true);
950 if (job->job.progress.total) {
951 progress = (float)job->job.progress.current /
952 job->job.progress.total * 100.f;
954 qemu_progress_print(progress, 0);
955 } while (!job_is_ready(&job->job) && !job_is_completed(&job->job));
957 if (!job_is_completed(&job->job)) {
958 ret = job_complete_sync(&job->job, errp);
959 } else {
960 ret = job->job.ret;
962 job_unref(&job->job);
963 aio_context_release(aio_context);
965 /* publish completion progress only when success */
966 if (!ret) {
967 qemu_progress_print(100.f, 0);
971 static int img_commit(int argc, char **argv)
973 int c, ret, flags;
974 const char *filename, *fmt, *cache, *base;
975 BlockBackend *blk;
976 BlockDriverState *bs, *base_bs;
977 BlockJob *job;
978 bool progress = false, quiet = false, drop = false;
979 bool writethrough;
980 Error *local_err = NULL;
981 CommonBlockJobCBInfo cbi;
982 bool image_opts = false;
983 AioContext *aio_context;
984 int64_t rate_limit = 0;
986 fmt = NULL;
987 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
988 base = NULL;
989 for(;;) {
990 static const struct option long_options[] = {
991 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
992 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
993 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
994 {0, 0, 0, 0}
996 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:ht:b:dpqr:",
997 long_options, NULL);
998 if (c == -1) {
999 break;
1001 switch(c) {
1002 case ':':
1003 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
1004 break;
1005 case '?':
1006 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
1007 break;
1008 case 'h':
1009 help();
1010 break;
1011 case 'f':
1012 fmt = optarg;
1013 break;
1014 case 't':
1015 cache = optarg;
1016 break;
1017 case 'b':
1018 base = optarg;
1019 /* -b implies -d */
1020 drop = true;
1021 break;
1022 case 'd':
1023 drop = true;
1024 break;
1025 case 'p':
1026 progress = true;
1027 break;
1028 case 'q':
1029 quiet = true;
1030 break;
1031 case 'r':
1032 rate_limit = cvtnum("rate limit", optarg);
1033 if (rate_limit < 0) {
1034 return 1;
1036 break;
1037 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
1038 QemuOpts *opts;
1039 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
1040 optarg, true);
1041 if (!opts) {
1042 return 1;
1044 } break;
1045 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
1046 image_opts = true;
1047 break;
1051 /* Progress is not shown in Quiet mode */
1052 if (quiet) {
1053 progress = false;
1056 if (optind != argc - 1) {
1057 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
1059 filename = argv[optind++];
1061 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
1062 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
1063 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
1064 return 1;
1067 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_UNMAP;
1068 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
1069 if (ret < 0) {
1070 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
1071 return 1;
1074 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
1075 false);
1076 if (!blk) {
1077 return 1;
1079 bs = blk_bs(blk);
1081 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.f);
1082 qemu_progress_print(0.f, 100);
1084 if (base) {
1085 base_bs = bdrv_find_backing_image(bs, base);
1086 if (!base_bs) {
1087 error_setg(&local_err,
1088 "Did not find '%s' in the backing chain of '%s'",
1089 base, filename);
1090 goto done;
1092 } else {
1093 /* This is different from QMP, which by default uses the deepest file in
1094 * the backing chain (i.e., the very base); however, the traditional
1095 * behavior of qemu-img commit is using the immediate backing file. */
1096 base_bs = bdrv_backing_chain_next(bs);
1097 if (!base_bs) {
1098 error_setg(&local_err, "Image does not have a backing file");
1099 goto done;
1103 cbi = (CommonBlockJobCBInfo){
1104 .errp = &local_err,
1105 .bs = bs,
1108 aio_context = bdrv_get_aio_context(bs);
1109 aio_context_acquire(aio_context);
1110 commit_active_start("commit", bs, base_bs, JOB_DEFAULT, rate_limit,
1111 BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT, NULL, common_block_job_cb,
1112 &cbi, false, &local_err);
1113 aio_context_release(aio_context);
1114 if (local_err) {
1115 goto done;
1118 /* When the block job completes, the BlockBackend reference will point to
1119 * the old backing file. In order to avoid that the top image is already
1120 * deleted, so we can still empty it afterwards, increment the reference
1121 * counter here preemptively. */
1122 if (!drop) {
1123 bdrv_ref(bs);
1126 job = block_job_get("commit");
1127 assert(job);
1128 run_block_job(job, &local_err);
1129 if (local_err) {
1130 goto unref_backing;
1133 if (!drop) {
1134 BlockBackend *old_backing_blk;
1136 old_backing_blk = blk_new_with_bs(bs, BLK_PERM_WRITE, BLK_PERM_ALL,
1137 &local_err);
1138 if (!old_backing_blk) {
1139 goto unref_backing;
1141 ret = blk_make_empty(old_backing_blk, &local_err);
1142 blk_unref(old_backing_blk);
1143 if (ret == -ENOTSUP) {
1144 error_free(local_err);
1145 local_err = NULL;
1146 } else if (ret < 0) {
1147 goto unref_backing;
1151 unref_backing:
1152 if (!drop) {
1153 bdrv_unref(bs);
1156 done:
1157 qemu_progress_end();
1159 blk_unref(blk);
1161 if (local_err) {
1162 error_report_err(local_err);
1163 return 1;
1166 qprintf(quiet, "Image committed.\n");
1167 return 0;
1171 * Returns -1 if 'buf' contains only zeroes, otherwise the byte index
1172 * of the first sector boundary within buf where the sector contains a
1173 * non-zero byte. This function is robust to a buffer that is not
1174 * sector-aligned.
1176 static int64_t find_nonzero(const uint8_t *buf, int64_t n)
1178 int64_t i;
1179 int64_t end = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(n, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1181 for (i = 0; i < end; i += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE) {
1182 if (!buffer_is_zero(buf + i, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE)) {
1183 return i;
1186 if (i < n && !buffer_is_zero(buf + i, n - end)) {
1187 return i;
1189 return -1;
1193 * Returns true iff the first sector pointed to by 'buf' contains at least
1194 * a non-NUL byte.
1196 * 'pnum' is set to the number of sectors (including and immediately following
1197 * the first one) that are known to be in the same allocated/unallocated state.
1198 * The function will try to align the end offset to alignment boundaries so
1199 * that the request will at least end aligned and consecutive requests will
1200 * also start at an aligned offset.
1202 static int is_allocated_sectors(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum,
1203 int64_t sector_num, int alignment)
1205 bool is_zero;
1206 int i, tail;
1208 if (n <= 0) {
1209 *pnum = 0;
1210 return 0;
1212 is_zero = buffer_is_zero(buf, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1213 for(i = 1; i < n; i++) {
1214 buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1215 if (is_zero != buffer_is_zero(buf, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE)) {
1216 break;
1220 tail = (sector_num + i) & (alignment - 1);
1221 if (tail) {
1222 if (is_zero && i <= tail) {
1223 /* treat unallocated areas which only consist
1224 * of a small tail as allocated. */
1225 is_zero = false;
1227 if (!is_zero) {
1228 /* align up end offset of allocated areas. */
1229 i += alignment - tail;
1230 i = MIN(i, n);
1231 } else {
1232 /* align down end offset of zero areas. */
1233 i -= tail;
1236 *pnum = i;
1237 return !is_zero;
1241 * Like is_allocated_sectors, but if the buffer starts with a used sector,
1242 * up to 'min' consecutive sectors containing zeros are ignored. This avoids
1243 * breaking up write requests for only small sparse areas.
1245 static int is_allocated_sectors_min(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum,
1246 int min, int64_t sector_num, int alignment)
1248 int ret;
1249 int num_checked, num_used;
1251 if (n < min) {
1252 min = n;
1255 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buf, n, pnum, sector_num, alignment);
1256 if (!ret) {
1257 return ret;
1260 num_used = *pnum;
1261 buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * *pnum;
1262 n -= *pnum;
1263 sector_num += *pnum;
1264 num_checked = num_used;
1266 while (n > 0) {
1267 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buf, n, pnum, sector_num, alignment);
1269 buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * *pnum;
1270 n -= *pnum;
1271 sector_num += *pnum;
1272 num_checked += *pnum;
1273 if (ret) {
1274 num_used = num_checked;
1275 } else if (*pnum >= min) {
1276 break;
1280 *pnum = num_used;
1281 return 1;
1285 * Compares two buffers sector by sector. Returns 0 if the first
1286 * sector of each buffer matches, non-zero otherwise.
1288 * pnum is set to the sector-aligned size of the buffer prefix that
1289 * has the same matching status as the first sector.
1291 static int compare_buffers(const uint8_t *buf1, const uint8_t *buf2,
1292 int64_t bytes, int64_t *pnum)
1294 bool res;
1295 int64_t i = MIN(bytes, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1297 assert(bytes > 0);
1299 res = !!memcmp(buf1, buf2, i);
1300 while (i < bytes) {
1301 int64_t len = MIN(bytes - i, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1303 if (!!memcmp(buf1 + i, buf2 + i, len) != res) {
1304 break;
1306 i += len;
1309 *pnum = i;
1310 return res;
1313 #define IO_BUF_SIZE (2 * MiB)
1316 * Check if passed sectors are empty (not allocated or contain only 0 bytes)
1318 * Intended for use by 'qemu-img compare': Returns 0 in case sectors are
1319 * filled with 0, 1 if sectors contain non-zero data (this is a comparison
1320 * failure), and 4 on error (the exit status for read errors), after emitting
1321 * an error message.
1323 * @param blk: BlockBackend for the image
1324 * @param offset: Starting offset to check
1325 * @param bytes: Number of bytes to check
1326 * @param filename: Name of disk file we are checking (logging purpose)
1327 * @param buffer: Allocated buffer for storing read data
1328 * @param quiet: Flag for quiet mode
1330 static int check_empty_sectors(BlockBackend *blk, int64_t offset,
1331 int64_t bytes, const char *filename,
1332 uint8_t *buffer, bool quiet)
1334 int ret = 0;
1335 int64_t idx;
1337 ret = blk_pread(blk, offset, buffer, bytes);
1338 if (ret < 0) {
1339 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64 " of %s: %s",
1340 offset, filename, strerror(-ret));
1341 return 4;
1343 idx = find_nonzero(buffer, bytes);
1344 if (idx >= 0) {
1345 qprintf(quiet, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64 "!\n",
1346 offset + idx);
1347 return 1;
1350 return 0;
1354 * Compares two images. Exit codes:
1356 * 0 - Images are identical
1357 * 1 - Images differ
1358 * >1 - Error occurred
1360 static int img_compare(int argc, char **argv)
1362 const char *fmt1 = NULL, *fmt2 = NULL, *cache, *filename1, *filename2;
1363 BlockBackend *blk1, *blk2;
1364 BlockDriverState *bs1, *bs2;
1365 int64_t total_size1, total_size2;
1366 uint8_t *buf1 = NULL, *buf2 = NULL;
1367 int64_t pnum1, pnum2;
1368 int allocated1, allocated2;
1369 int ret = 0; /* return value - 0 Ident, 1 Different, >1 Error */
1370 bool progress = false, quiet = false, strict = false;
1371 int flags;
1372 bool writethrough;
1373 int64_t total_size;
1374 int64_t offset = 0;
1375 int64_t chunk;
1376 int c;
1377 uint64_t progress_base;
1378 bool image_opts = false;
1379 bool force_share = false;
1381 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
1382 for (;;) {
1383 static const struct option long_options[] = {
1384 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
1385 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
1386 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
1387 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
1388 {0, 0, 0, 0}
1390 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:F:T:pqsU",
1391 long_options, NULL);
1392 if (c == -1) {
1393 break;
1395 switch (c) {
1396 case ':':
1397 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
1398 break;
1399 case '?':
1400 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
1401 break;
1402 case 'h':
1403 help();
1404 break;
1405 case 'f':
1406 fmt1 = optarg;
1407 break;
1408 case 'F':
1409 fmt2 = optarg;
1410 break;
1411 case 'T':
1412 cache = optarg;
1413 break;
1414 case 'p':
1415 progress = true;
1416 break;
1417 case 'q':
1418 quiet = true;
1419 break;
1420 case 's':
1421 strict = true;
1422 break;
1423 case 'U':
1424 force_share = true;
1425 break;
1426 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
1427 QemuOpts *opts;
1428 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
1429 optarg, true);
1430 if (!opts) {
1431 ret = 2;
1432 goto out4;
1434 } break;
1435 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
1436 image_opts = true;
1437 break;
1441 /* Progress is not shown in Quiet mode */
1442 if (quiet) {
1443 progress = false;
1447 if (optind != argc - 2) {
1448 error_exit("Expecting two image file names");
1450 filename1 = argv[optind++];
1451 filename2 = argv[optind++];
1453 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
1454 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
1455 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
1456 ret = 2;
1457 goto out4;
1460 /* Initialize before goto out */
1461 qemu_progress_init(progress, 2.0);
1463 flags = 0;
1464 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
1465 if (ret < 0) {
1466 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", cache);
1467 ret = 2;
1468 goto out3;
1471 blk1 = img_open(image_opts, filename1, fmt1, flags, writethrough, quiet,
1472 force_share);
1473 if (!blk1) {
1474 ret = 2;
1475 goto out3;
1478 blk2 = img_open(image_opts, filename2, fmt2, flags, writethrough, quiet,
1479 force_share);
1480 if (!blk2) {
1481 ret = 2;
1482 goto out2;
1484 bs1 = blk_bs(blk1);
1485 bs2 = blk_bs(blk2);
1487 buf1 = blk_blockalign(blk1, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1488 buf2 = blk_blockalign(blk2, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1489 total_size1 = blk_getlength(blk1);
1490 if (total_size1 < 0) {
1491 error_report("Can't get size of %s: %s",
1492 filename1, strerror(-total_size1));
1493 ret = 4;
1494 goto out;
1496 total_size2 = blk_getlength(blk2);
1497 if (total_size2 < 0) {
1498 error_report("Can't get size of %s: %s",
1499 filename2, strerror(-total_size2));
1500 ret = 4;
1501 goto out;
1503 total_size = MIN(total_size1, total_size2);
1504 progress_base = MAX(total_size1, total_size2);
1506 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
1508 if (strict && total_size1 != total_size2) {
1509 ret = 1;
1510 qprintf(quiet, "Strict mode: Image size mismatch!\n");
1511 goto out;
1514 while (offset < total_size) {
1515 int status1, status2;
1517 status1 = bdrv_block_status_above(bs1, NULL, offset,
1518 total_size1 - offset, &pnum1, NULL,
1519 NULL);
1520 if (status1 < 0) {
1521 ret = 3;
1522 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename1);
1523 goto out;
1525 allocated1 = status1 & BDRV_BLOCK_ALLOCATED;
1527 status2 = bdrv_block_status_above(bs2, NULL, offset,
1528 total_size2 - offset, &pnum2, NULL,
1529 NULL);
1530 if (status2 < 0) {
1531 ret = 3;
1532 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename2);
1533 goto out;
1535 allocated2 = status2 & BDRV_BLOCK_ALLOCATED;
1537 assert(pnum1 && pnum2);
1538 chunk = MIN(pnum1, pnum2);
1540 if (strict) {
1541 if (status1 != status2) {
1542 ret = 1;
1543 qprintf(quiet, "Strict mode: Offset %" PRId64
1544 " block status mismatch!\n", offset);
1545 goto out;
1548 if ((status1 & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO) && (status2 & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO)) {
1549 /* nothing to do */
1550 } else if (allocated1 == allocated2) {
1551 if (allocated1) {
1552 int64_t pnum;
1554 chunk = MIN(chunk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1555 ret = blk_pread(blk1, offset, buf1, chunk);
1556 if (ret < 0) {
1557 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1558 " of %s: %s",
1559 offset, filename1, strerror(-ret));
1560 ret = 4;
1561 goto out;
1563 ret = blk_pread(blk2, offset, buf2, chunk);
1564 if (ret < 0) {
1565 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1566 " of %s: %s",
1567 offset, filename2, strerror(-ret));
1568 ret = 4;
1569 goto out;
1571 ret = compare_buffers(buf1, buf2, chunk, &pnum);
1572 if (ret || pnum != chunk) {
1573 qprintf(quiet, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64 "!\n",
1574 offset + (ret ? 0 : pnum));
1575 ret = 1;
1576 goto out;
1579 } else {
1580 chunk = MIN(chunk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1581 if (allocated1) {
1582 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk1, offset, chunk,
1583 filename1, buf1, quiet);
1584 } else {
1585 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk2, offset, chunk,
1586 filename2, buf1, quiet);
1588 if (ret) {
1589 goto out;
1592 offset += chunk;
1593 qemu_progress_print(((float) chunk / progress_base) * 100, 100);
1596 if (total_size1 != total_size2) {
1597 BlockBackend *blk_over;
1598 const char *filename_over;
1600 qprintf(quiet, "Warning: Image size mismatch!\n");
1601 if (total_size1 > total_size2) {
1602 blk_over = blk1;
1603 filename_over = filename1;
1604 } else {
1605 blk_over = blk2;
1606 filename_over = filename2;
1609 while (offset < progress_base) {
1610 ret = bdrv_block_status_above(blk_bs(blk_over), NULL, offset,
1611 progress_base - offset, &chunk,
1612 NULL, NULL);
1613 if (ret < 0) {
1614 ret = 3;
1615 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s",
1616 filename_over);
1617 goto out;
1620 if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ALLOCATED && !(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO)) {
1621 chunk = MIN(chunk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1622 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk_over, offset, chunk,
1623 filename_over, buf1, quiet);
1624 if (ret) {
1625 goto out;
1628 offset += chunk;
1629 qemu_progress_print(((float) chunk / progress_base) * 100, 100);
1633 qprintf(quiet, "Images are identical.\n");
1634 ret = 0;
1636 out:
1637 qemu_vfree(buf1);
1638 qemu_vfree(buf2);
1639 blk_unref(blk2);
1640 out2:
1641 blk_unref(blk1);
1642 out3:
1643 qemu_progress_end();
1644 out4:
1645 return ret;
1648 /* Convenience wrapper around qmp_block_dirty_bitmap_merge */
1649 static void do_dirty_bitmap_merge(const char *dst_node, const char *dst_name,
1650 const char *src_node, const char *src_name,
1651 Error **errp)
1653 BlockDirtyBitmapMergeSource *merge_src;
1654 BlockDirtyBitmapMergeSourceList *list = NULL;
1656 merge_src = g_new0(BlockDirtyBitmapMergeSource, 1);
1657 merge_src->type = QTYPE_QDICT;
1658 merge_src->u.external.node = g_strdup(src_node);
1659 merge_src->u.external.name = g_strdup(src_name);
1660 QAPI_LIST_PREPEND(list, merge_src);
1661 qmp_block_dirty_bitmap_merge(dst_node, dst_name, list, errp);
1662 qapi_free_BlockDirtyBitmapMergeSourceList(list);
1665 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus {
1666 BLK_DATA,
1667 BLK_ZERO,
1668 BLK_BACKING_FILE,
1671 #define MAX_COROUTINES 16
1672 #define CONVERT_THROTTLE_GROUP "img_convert"
1674 typedef struct ImgConvertState {
1675 BlockBackend **src;
1676 int64_t *src_sectors;
1677 int *src_alignment;
1678 int src_num;
1679 int64_t total_sectors;
1680 int64_t allocated_sectors;
1681 int64_t allocated_done;
1682 int64_t sector_num;
1683 int64_t wr_offs;
1684 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status;
1685 int64_t sector_next_status;
1686 BlockBackend *target;
1687 bool has_zero_init;
1688 bool compressed;
1689 bool target_is_new;
1690 bool target_has_backing;
1691 int64_t target_backing_sectors; /* negative if unknown */
1692 bool wr_in_order;
1693 bool copy_range;
1694 bool salvage;
1695 bool quiet;
1696 int min_sparse;
1697 int alignment;
1698 size_t cluster_sectors;
1699 size_t buf_sectors;
1700 long num_coroutines;
1701 int running_coroutines;
1702 Coroutine *co[MAX_COROUTINES];
1703 int64_t wait_sector_num[MAX_COROUTINES];
1704 CoMutex lock;
1705 int ret;
1706 } ImgConvertState;
1708 static void convert_select_part(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
1709 int *src_cur, int64_t *src_cur_offset)
1711 *src_cur = 0;
1712 *src_cur_offset = 0;
1713 while (sector_num - *src_cur_offset >= s->src_sectors[*src_cur]) {
1714 *src_cur_offset += s->src_sectors[*src_cur];
1715 (*src_cur)++;
1716 assert(*src_cur < s->src_num);
1720 static int convert_iteration_sectors(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num)
1722 int64_t src_cur_offset;
1723 int ret, n, src_cur;
1724 bool post_backing_zero = false;
1726 convert_select_part(s, sector_num, &src_cur, &src_cur_offset);
1728 assert(s->total_sectors > sector_num);
1729 n = MIN(s->total_sectors - sector_num, BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_SECTORS);
1731 if (s->target_backing_sectors >= 0) {
1732 if (sector_num >= s->target_backing_sectors) {
1733 post_backing_zero = true;
1734 } else if (sector_num + n > s->target_backing_sectors) {
1735 /* Split requests around target_backing_sectors (because
1736 * starting from there, zeros are handled differently) */
1737 n = s->target_backing_sectors - sector_num;
1741 if (s->sector_next_status <= sector_num) {
1742 uint64_t offset = (sector_num - src_cur_offset) * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1743 int64_t count;
1744 int tail;
1745 BlockDriverState *src_bs = blk_bs(s->src[src_cur]);
1746 BlockDriverState *base;
1748 if (s->target_has_backing) {
1749 base = bdrv_cow_bs(bdrv_skip_filters(src_bs));
1750 } else {
1751 base = NULL;
1754 do {
1755 count = n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1757 ret = bdrv_block_status_above(src_bs, base, offset, count, &count,
1758 NULL, NULL);
1760 if (ret < 0) {
1761 if (s->salvage) {
1762 if (n == 1) {
1763 if (!s->quiet) {
1764 warn_report("error while reading block status at "
1765 "offset %" PRIu64 ": %s", offset,
1766 strerror(-ret));
1768 /* Just try to read the data, then */
1769 ret = BDRV_BLOCK_DATA;
1770 count = BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1771 } else {
1772 /* Retry on a shorter range */
1773 n = DIV_ROUND_UP(n, 4);
1775 } else {
1776 error_report("error while reading block status at offset "
1777 "%" PRIu64 ": %s", offset, strerror(-ret));
1778 return ret;
1781 } while (ret < 0);
1783 n = DIV_ROUND_UP(count, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1786 * Avoid that s->sector_next_status becomes unaligned to the source
1787 * request alignment and/or cluster size to avoid unnecessary read
1788 * cycles.
1790 tail = (sector_num - src_cur_offset + n) % s->src_alignment[src_cur];
1791 if (n > tail) {
1792 n -= tail;
1795 if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO) {
1796 s->status = post_backing_zero ? BLK_BACKING_FILE : BLK_ZERO;
1797 } else if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA) {
1798 s->status = BLK_DATA;
1799 } else {
1800 s->status = s->target_has_backing ? BLK_BACKING_FILE : BLK_DATA;
1803 s->sector_next_status = sector_num + n;
1806 n = MIN(n, s->sector_next_status - sector_num);
1807 if (s->status == BLK_DATA) {
1808 n = MIN(n, s->buf_sectors);
1811 /* We need to write complete clusters for compressed images, so if an
1812 * unallocated area is shorter than that, we must consider the whole
1813 * cluster allocated. */
1814 if (s->compressed) {
1815 if (n < s->cluster_sectors) {
1816 n = MIN(s->cluster_sectors, s->total_sectors - sector_num);
1817 s->status = BLK_DATA;
1818 } else {
1819 n = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(n, s->cluster_sectors);
1823 return n;
1826 static int coroutine_fn convert_co_read(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
1827 int nb_sectors, uint8_t *buf)
1829 uint64_t single_read_until = 0;
1830 int n, ret;
1832 assert(nb_sectors <= s->buf_sectors);
1833 while (nb_sectors > 0) {
1834 BlockBackend *blk;
1835 int src_cur;
1836 int64_t bs_sectors, src_cur_offset;
1837 uint64_t offset;
1839 /* In the case of compression with multiple source files, we can get a
1840 * nb_sectors that spreads into the next part. So we must be able to
1841 * read across multiple BDSes for one convert_read() call. */
1842 convert_select_part(s, sector_num, &src_cur, &src_cur_offset);
1843 blk = s->src[src_cur];
1844 bs_sectors = s->src_sectors[src_cur];
1846 offset = (sector_num - src_cur_offset) << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
1848 n = MIN(nb_sectors, bs_sectors - (sector_num - src_cur_offset));
1849 if (single_read_until > offset) {
1850 n = 1;
1853 ret = blk_co_pread(blk, offset, n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, buf, 0);
1854 if (ret < 0) {
1855 if (s->salvage) {
1856 if (n > 1) {
1857 single_read_until = offset + (n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
1858 continue;
1859 } else {
1860 if (!s->quiet) {
1861 warn_report("error while reading offset %" PRIu64
1862 ": %s", offset, strerror(-ret));
1864 memset(buf, 0, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1866 } else {
1867 return ret;
1871 sector_num += n;
1872 nb_sectors -= n;
1873 buf += n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1876 return 0;
1880 static int coroutine_fn convert_co_write(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
1881 int nb_sectors, uint8_t *buf,
1882 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status)
1884 int ret;
1886 while (nb_sectors > 0) {
1887 int n = nb_sectors;
1888 BdrvRequestFlags flags = s->compressed ? BDRV_REQ_WRITE_COMPRESSED : 0;
1890 switch (status) {
1891 case BLK_BACKING_FILE:
1892 /* If we have a backing file, leave clusters unallocated that are
1893 * unallocated in the source image, so that the backing file is
1894 * visible at the respective offset. */
1895 assert(s->target_has_backing);
1896 break;
1898 case BLK_DATA:
1899 /* If we're told to keep the target fully allocated (-S 0) or there
1900 * is real non-zero data, we must write it. Otherwise we can treat
1901 * it as zero sectors.
1902 * Compressed clusters need to be written as a whole, so in that
1903 * case we can only save the write if the buffer is completely
1904 * zeroed. */
1905 if (!s->min_sparse ||
1906 (!s->compressed &&
1907 is_allocated_sectors_min(buf, n, &n, s->min_sparse,
1908 sector_num, s->alignment)) ||
1909 (s->compressed &&
1910 !buffer_is_zero(buf, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE)))
1912 ret = blk_co_pwrite(s->target, sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1913 n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, buf, flags);
1914 if (ret < 0) {
1915 return ret;
1917 break;
1919 /* fall-through */
1921 case BLK_ZERO:
1922 if (s->has_zero_init) {
1923 assert(!s->target_has_backing);
1924 break;
1926 ret = blk_co_pwrite_zeroes(s->target,
1927 sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1928 n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1929 BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP);
1930 if (ret < 0) {
1931 return ret;
1933 break;
1936 sector_num += n;
1937 nb_sectors -= n;
1938 buf += n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1941 return 0;
1944 static int coroutine_fn convert_co_copy_range(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
1945 int nb_sectors)
1947 int n, ret;
1949 while (nb_sectors > 0) {
1950 BlockBackend *blk;
1951 int src_cur;
1952 int64_t bs_sectors, src_cur_offset;
1953 int64_t offset;
1955 convert_select_part(s, sector_num, &src_cur, &src_cur_offset);
1956 offset = (sector_num - src_cur_offset) << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
1957 blk = s->src[src_cur];
1958 bs_sectors = s->src_sectors[src_cur];
1960 n = MIN(nb_sectors, bs_sectors - (sector_num - src_cur_offset));
1962 ret = blk_co_copy_range(blk, offset, s->target,
1963 sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1964 n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, 0, 0);
1965 if (ret < 0) {
1966 return ret;
1969 sector_num += n;
1970 nb_sectors -= n;
1972 return 0;
1975 static void coroutine_fn convert_co_do_copy(void *opaque)
1977 ImgConvertState *s = opaque;
1978 uint8_t *buf = NULL;
1979 int ret, i;
1980 int index = -1;
1982 for (i = 0; i < s->num_coroutines; i++) {
1983 if (s->co[i] == qemu_coroutine_self()) {
1984 index = i;
1985 break;
1988 assert(index >= 0);
1990 s->running_coroutines++;
1991 buf = blk_blockalign(s->target, s->buf_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1993 while (1) {
1994 int n;
1995 int64_t sector_num;
1996 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status;
1997 bool copy_range;
1999 qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
2000 if (s->ret != -EINPROGRESS || s->sector_num >= s->total_sectors) {
2001 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
2002 break;
2004 n = convert_iteration_sectors(s, s->sector_num);
2005 if (n < 0) {
2006 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
2007 s->ret = n;
2008 break;
2010 /* save current sector and allocation status to local variables */
2011 sector_num = s->sector_num;
2012 status = s->status;
2013 if (!s->min_sparse && s->status == BLK_ZERO) {
2014 n = MIN(n, s->buf_sectors);
2016 /* increment global sector counter so that other coroutines can
2017 * already continue reading beyond this request */
2018 s->sector_num += n;
2019 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
2021 if (status == BLK_DATA || (!s->min_sparse && status == BLK_ZERO)) {
2022 s->allocated_done += n;
2023 qemu_progress_print(100.0 * s->allocated_done /
2024 s->allocated_sectors, 0);
2027 retry:
2028 copy_range = s->copy_range && s->status == BLK_DATA;
2029 if (status == BLK_DATA && !copy_range) {
2030 ret = convert_co_read(s, sector_num, n, buf);
2031 if (ret < 0) {
2032 error_report("error while reading at byte %lld: %s",
2033 sector_num * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE, strerror(-ret));
2034 s->ret = ret;
2036 } else if (!s->min_sparse && status == BLK_ZERO) {
2037 status = BLK_DATA;
2038 memset(buf, 0x00, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
2041 if (s->wr_in_order) {
2042 /* keep writes in order */
2043 while (s->wr_offs != sector_num && s->ret == -EINPROGRESS) {
2044 s->wait_sector_num[index] = sector_num;
2045 qemu_coroutine_yield();
2047 s->wait_sector_num[index] = -1;
2050 if (s->ret == -EINPROGRESS) {
2051 if (copy_range) {
2052 ret = convert_co_copy_range(s, sector_num, n);
2053 if (ret) {
2054 s->copy_range = false;
2055 goto retry;
2057 } else {
2058 ret = convert_co_write(s, sector_num, n, buf, status);
2060 if (ret < 0) {
2061 error_report("error while writing at byte %lld: %s",
2062 sector_num * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE, strerror(-ret));
2063 s->ret = ret;
2067 if (s->wr_in_order) {
2068 /* reenter the coroutine that might have waited
2069 * for this write to complete */
2070 s->wr_offs = sector_num + n;
2071 for (i = 0; i < s->num_coroutines; i++) {
2072 if (s->co[i] && s->wait_sector_num[i] == s->wr_offs) {
2074 * A -> B -> A cannot occur because A has
2075 * s->wait_sector_num[i] == -1 during A -> B. Therefore
2076 * B will never enter A during this time window.
2078 qemu_coroutine_enter(s->co[i]);
2079 break;
2085 qemu_vfree(buf);
2086 s->co[index] = NULL;
2087 s->running_coroutines--;
2088 if (!s->running_coroutines && s->ret == -EINPROGRESS) {
2089 /* the convert job finished successfully */
2090 s->ret = 0;
2094 static int convert_do_copy(ImgConvertState *s)
2096 int ret, i, n;
2097 int64_t sector_num = 0;
2099 /* Check whether we have zero initialisation or can get it efficiently */
2100 if (!s->has_zero_init && s->target_is_new && s->min_sparse &&
2101 !s->target_has_backing) {
2102 s->has_zero_init = bdrv_has_zero_init(blk_bs(s->target));
2105 /* Allocate buffer for copied data. For compressed images, only one cluster
2106 * can be copied at a time. */
2107 if (s->compressed) {
2108 if (s->cluster_sectors <= 0 || s->cluster_sectors > s->buf_sectors) {
2109 error_report("invalid cluster size");
2110 return -EINVAL;
2112 s->buf_sectors = s->cluster_sectors;
2115 while (sector_num < s->total_sectors) {
2116 n = convert_iteration_sectors(s, sector_num);
2117 if (n < 0) {
2118 return n;
2120 if (s->status == BLK_DATA || (!s->min_sparse && s->status == BLK_ZERO))
2122 s->allocated_sectors += n;
2124 sector_num += n;
2127 /* Do the copy */
2128 s->sector_next_status = 0;
2129 s->ret = -EINPROGRESS;
2131 qemu_co_mutex_init(&s->lock);
2132 for (i = 0; i < s->num_coroutines; i++) {
2133 s->co[i] = qemu_coroutine_create(convert_co_do_copy, s);
2134 s->wait_sector_num[i] = -1;
2135 qemu_coroutine_enter(s->co[i]);
2138 while (s->running_coroutines) {
2139 main_loop_wait(false);
2142 if (s->compressed && !s->ret) {
2143 /* signal EOF to align */
2144 ret = blk_pwrite_compressed(s->target, 0, NULL, 0);
2145 if (ret < 0) {
2146 return ret;
2150 return s->ret;
2153 static int convert_copy_bitmaps(BlockDriverState *src, BlockDriverState *dst)
2155 BdrvDirtyBitmap *bm;
2156 Error *err = NULL;
2158 FOR_EACH_DIRTY_BITMAP(src, bm) {
2159 const char *name;
2161 if (!bdrv_dirty_bitmap_get_persistence(bm)) {
2162 continue;
2164 name = bdrv_dirty_bitmap_name(bm);
2165 qmp_block_dirty_bitmap_add(dst->node_name, name,
2166 true, bdrv_dirty_bitmap_granularity(bm),
2167 true, true,
2168 true, !bdrv_dirty_bitmap_enabled(bm),
2169 &err);
2170 if (err) {
2171 error_reportf_err(err, "Failed to create bitmap %s: ", name);
2172 return -1;
2175 do_dirty_bitmap_merge(dst->node_name, name, src->node_name, name,
2176 &err);
2177 if (err) {
2178 error_reportf_err(err, "Failed to populate bitmap %s: ", name);
2179 return -1;
2183 return 0;
2186 #define MAX_BUF_SECTORS 32768
2188 static void set_rate_limit(BlockBackend *blk, int64_t rate_limit)
2190 ThrottleConfig cfg;
2192 throttle_config_init(&cfg);
2193 cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_BPS_WRITE].avg = rate_limit;
2195 blk_io_limits_enable(blk, CONVERT_THROTTLE_GROUP);
2196 blk_set_io_limits(blk, &cfg);
2199 static int img_convert(int argc, char **argv)
2201 int c, bs_i, flags, src_flags = 0;
2202 const char *fmt = NULL, *out_fmt = NULL, *cache = "unsafe",
2203 *src_cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE, *out_baseimg = NULL,
2204 *out_filename, *out_baseimg_param, *snapshot_name = NULL;
2205 BlockDriver *drv = NULL, *proto_drv = NULL;
2206 BlockDriverInfo bdi;
2207 BlockDriverState *out_bs;
2208 QemuOpts *opts = NULL, *sn_opts = NULL;
2209 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
2210 QDict *open_opts = NULL;
2211 char *options = NULL;
2212 Error *local_err = NULL;
2213 bool writethrough, src_writethrough, image_opts = false,
2214 skip_create = false, progress = false, tgt_image_opts = false;
2215 int64_t ret = -EINVAL;
2216 bool force_share = false;
2217 bool explict_min_sparse = false;
2218 bool bitmaps = false;
2219 int64_t rate_limit = 0;
2221 ImgConvertState s = (ImgConvertState) {
2222 /* Need at least 4k of zeros for sparse detection */
2223 .min_sparse = 8,
2224 .copy_range = false,
2225 .buf_sectors = IO_BUF_SIZE / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
2226 .wr_in_order = true,
2227 .num_coroutines = 8,
2230 for(;;) {
2231 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2232 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2233 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
2234 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
2235 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
2236 {"target-image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_TARGET_IMAGE_OPTS},
2237 {"salvage", no_argument, 0, OPTION_SALVAGE},
2238 {"target-is-zero", no_argument, 0, OPTION_TARGET_IS_ZERO},
2239 {"bitmaps", no_argument, 0, OPTION_BITMAPS},
2240 {0, 0, 0, 0}
2242 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:O:B:Cco:l:S:pt:T:qnm:WUr:",
2243 long_options, NULL);
2244 if (c == -1) {
2245 break;
2247 switch(c) {
2248 case ':':
2249 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
2250 break;
2251 case '?':
2252 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
2253 break;
2254 case 'h':
2255 help();
2256 break;
2257 case 'f':
2258 fmt = optarg;
2259 break;
2260 case 'O':
2261 out_fmt = optarg;
2262 break;
2263 case 'B':
2264 out_baseimg = optarg;
2265 break;
2266 case 'C':
2267 s.copy_range = true;
2268 break;
2269 case 'c':
2270 s.compressed = true;
2271 break;
2272 case 'o':
2273 if (accumulate_options(&options, optarg) < 0) {
2274 goto fail_getopt;
2276 break;
2277 case 'l':
2278 if (strstart(optarg, SNAPSHOT_OPT_BASE, NULL)) {
2279 sn_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&internal_snapshot_opts,
2280 optarg, false);
2281 if (!sn_opts) {
2282 error_report("Failed in parsing snapshot param '%s'",
2283 optarg);
2284 goto fail_getopt;
2286 } else {
2287 snapshot_name = optarg;
2289 break;
2290 case 'S':
2292 int64_t sval;
2294 sval = cvtnum("buffer size for sparse output", optarg);
2295 if (sval < 0) {
2296 goto fail_getopt;
2297 } else if (!QEMU_IS_ALIGNED(sval, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE) ||
2298 sval / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE > MAX_BUF_SECTORS) {
2299 error_report("Invalid buffer size for sparse output specified. "
2300 "Valid sizes are multiples of %llu up to %llu. Select "
2301 "0 to disable sparse detection (fully allocates output).",
2302 BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE, MAX_BUF_SECTORS * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
2303 goto fail_getopt;
2306 s.min_sparse = sval / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
2307 explict_min_sparse = true;
2308 break;
2310 case 'p':
2311 progress = true;
2312 break;
2313 case 't':
2314 cache = optarg;
2315 break;
2316 case 'T':
2317 src_cache = optarg;
2318 break;
2319 case 'q':
2320 s.quiet = true;
2321 break;
2322 case 'n':
2323 skip_create = true;
2324 break;
2325 case 'm':
2326 if (qemu_strtol(optarg, NULL, 0, &s.num_coroutines) ||
2327 s.num_coroutines < 1 || s.num_coroutines > MAX_COROUTINES) {
2328 error_report("Invalid number of coroutines. Allowed number of"
2329 " coroutines is between 1 and %d", MAX_COROUTINES);
2330 goto fail_getopt;
2332 break;
2333 case 'W':
2334 s.wr_in_order = false;
2335 break;
2336 case 'U':
2337 force_share = true;
2338 break;
2339 case 'r':
2340 rate_limit = cvtnum("rate limit", optarg);
2341 if (rate_limit < 0) {
2342 goto fail_getopt;
2344 break;
2345 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
2346 QemuOpts *object_opts;
2347 object_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
2348 optarg, true);
2349 if (!object_opts) {
2350 goto fail_getopt;
2352 break;
2354 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2355 image_opts = true;
2356 break;
2357 case OPTION_SALVAGE:
2358 s.salvage = true;
2359 break;
2360 case OPTION_TARGET_IMAGE_OPTS:
2361 tgt_image_opts = true;
2362 break;
2363 case OPTION_TARGET_IS_ZERO:
2365 * The user asserting that the target is blank has the
2366 * same effect as the target driver supporting zero
2367 * initialisation.
2369 s.has_zero_init = true;
2370 break;
2371 case OPTION_BITMAPS:
2372 bitmaps = true;
2373 break;
2377 if (!out_fmt && !tgt_image_opts) {
2378 out_fmt = "raw";
2381 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
2382 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
2383 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
2384 goto fail_getopt;
2387 if (s.compressed && s.copy_range) {
2388 error_report("Cannot enable copy offloading when -c is used");
2389 goto fail_getopt;
2392 if (explict_min_sparse && s.copy_range) {
2393 error_report("Cannot enable copy offloading when -S is used");
2394 goto fail_getopt;
2397 if (s.copy_range && s.salvage) {
2398 error_report("Cannot use copy offloading in salvaging mode");
2399 goto fail_getopt;
2402 if (tgt_image_opts && !skip_create) {
2403 error_report("--target-image-opts requires use of -n flag");
2404 goto fail_getopt;
2407 if (skip_create && options) {
2408 error_report("-o has no effect when skipping image creation");
2409 goto fail_getopt;
2412 if (s.has_zero_init && !skip_create) {
2413 error_report("--target-is-zero requires use of -n flag");
2414 goto fail_getopt;
2417 s.src_num = argc - optind - 1;
2418 out_filename = s.src_num >= 1 ? argv[argc - 1] : NULL;
2420 if (options && has_help_option(options)) {
2421 if (out_fmt) {
2422 ret = print_block_option_help(out_filename, out_fmt);
2423 goto fail_getopt;
2424 } else {
2425 error_report("Option help requires a format be specified");
2426 goto fail_getopt;
2430 if (s.src_num < 1) {
2431 error_report("Must specify image file name");
2432 goto fail_getopt;
2435 /* ret is still -EINVAL until here */
2436 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(src_cache, &src_flags, &src_writethrough);
2437 if (ret < 0) {
2438 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", src_cache);
2439 goto fail_getopt;
2442 /* Initialize before goto out */
2443 if (s.quiet) {
2444 progress = false;
2446 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.0);
2447 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
2449 s.src = g_new0(BlockBackend *, s.src_num);
2450 s.src_sectors = g_new(int64_t, s.src_num);
2451 s.src_alignment = g_new(int, s.src_num);
2453 for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < s.src_num; bs_i++) {
2454 BlockDriverState *src_bs;
2455 s.src[bs_i] = img_open(image_opts, argv[optind + bs_i],
2456 fmt, src_flags, src_writethrough, s.quiet,
2457 force_share);
2458 if (!s.src[bs_i]) {
2459 ret = -1;
2460 goto out;
2462 s.src_sectors[bs_i] = blk_nb_sectors(s.src[bs_i]);
2463 if (s.src_sectors[bs_i] < 0) {
2464 error_report("Could not get size of %s: %s",
2465 argv[optind + bs_i], strerror(-s.src_sectors[bs_i]));
2466 ret = -1;
2467 goto out;
2469 src_bs = blk_bs(s.src[bs_i]);
2470 s.src_alignment[bs_i] = DIV_ROUND_UP(src_bs->bl.request_alignment,
2471 BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
2472 if (!bdrv_get_info(src_bs, &bdi)) {
2473 s.src_alignment[bs_i] = MAX(s.src_alignment[bs_i],
2474 bdi.cluster_size / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
2476 s.total_sectors += s.src_sectors[bs_i];
2479 if (sn_opts) {
2480 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp(blk_bs(s.src[0]),
2481 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_ID),
2482 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_NAME),
2483 &local_err);
2484 } else if (snapshot_name != NULL) {
2485 if (s.src_num > 1) {
2486 error_report("No support for concatenating multiple snapshot");
2487 ret = -1;
2488 goto out;
2491 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp_by_id_or_name(blk_bs(s.src[0]), snapshot_name,
2492 &local_err);
2494 if (local_err) {
2495 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Failed to load snapshot: ");
2496 ret = -1;
2497 goto out;
2500 if (!skip_create) {
2501 /* Find driver and parse its options */
2502 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
2503 if (!drv) {
2504 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", out_fmt);
2505 ret = -1;
2506 goto out;
2509 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(out_filename, true, &local_err);
2510 if (!proto_drv) {
2511 error_report_err(local_err);
2512 ret = -1;
2513 goto out;
2516 if (!drv->create_opts) {
2517 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation",
2518 drv->format_name);
2519 ret = -1;
2520 goto out;
2523 if (!proto_drv->create_opts) {
2524 error_report("Protocol driver '%s' does not support image creation",
2525 proto_drv->format_name);
2526 ret = -1;
2527 goto out;
2530 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
2531 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
2533 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
2534 if (options) {
2535 if (!qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, &local_err)) {
2536 error_report_err(local_err);
2537 ret = -1;
2538 goto out;
2542 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
2543 s.total_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE, &error_abort);
2544 ret = add_old_style_options(out_fmt, opts, out_baseimg, NULL);
2545 if (ret < 0) {
2546 goto out;
2550 /* Get backing file name if -o backing_file was used */
2551 out_baseimg_param = qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE);
2552 if (out_baseimg_param) {
2553 out_baseimg = out_baseimg_param;
2555 s.target_has_backing = (bool) out_baseimg;
2557 if (s.has_zero_init && s.target_has_backing) {
2558 error_report("Cannot use --target-is-zero when the destination "
2559 "image has a backing file");
2560 goto out;
2563 if (s.src_num > 1 && out_baseimg) {
2564 error_report("Having a backing file for the target makes no sense when "
2565 "concatenating multiple input images");
2566 ret = -1;
2567 goto out;
2570 if (out_baseimg_param) {
2571 if (!qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FMT)) {
2572 warn_report("Deprecated use of backing file without explicit "
2573 "backing format");
2577 /* Check if compression is supported */
2578 if (s.compressed) {
2579 bool encryption =
2580 qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT, false);
2581 const char *encryptfmt =
2582 qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT_FORMAT);
2583 const char *preallocation =
2584 qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_PREALLOC);
2586 if (drv && !block_driver_can_compress(drv)) {
2587 error_report("Compression not supported for this file format");
2588 ret = -1;
2589 goto out;
2592 if (encryption || encryptfmt) {
2593 error_report("Compression and encryption not supported at "
2594 "the same time");
2595 ret = -1;
2596 goto out;
2599 if (preallocation
2600 && strcmp(preallocation, "off"))
2602 error_report("Compression and preallocation not supported at "
2603 "the same time");
2604 ret = -1;
2605 goto out;
2609 /* Determine if bitmaps need copying */
2610 if (bitmaps) {
2611 if (s.src_num > 1) {
2612 error_report("Copying bitmaps only possible with single source");
2613 ret = -1;
2614 goto out;
2616 if (!bdrv_supports_persistent_dirty_bitmap(blk_bs(s.src[0]))) {
2617 error_report("Source lacks bitmap support");
2618 ret = -1;
2619 goto out;
2624 * The later open call will need any decryption secrets, and
2625 * bdrv_create() will purge "opts", so extract them now before
2626 * they are lost.
2628 if (!skip_create) {
2629 open_opts = qdict_new();
2630 qemu_opt_foreach(opts, img_add_key_secrets, open_opts, &error_abort);
2632 /* Create the new image */
2633 ret = bdrv_create(drv, out_filename, opts, &local_err);
2634 if (ret < 0) {
2635 error_reportf_err(local_err, "%s: error while converting %s: ",
2636 out_filename, out_fmt);
2637 goto out;
2641 s.target_is_new = !skip_create;
2643 flags = s.min_sparse ? (BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_UNMAP) : BDRV_O_RDWR;
2644 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
2645 if (ret < 0) {
2646 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
2647 goto out;
2650 if (skip_create) {
2651 s.target = img_open(tgt_image_opts, out_filename, out_fmt,
2652 flags, writethrough, s.quiet, false);
2653 } else {
2654 /* TODO ultimately we should allow --target-image-opts
2655 * to be used even when -n is not given.
2656 * That has to wait for bdrv_create to be improved
2657 * to allow filenames in option syntax
2659 s.target = img_open_file(out_filename, open_opts, out_fmt,
2660 flags, writethrough, s.quiet, false);
2661 open_opts = NULL; /* blk_new_open will have freed it */
2663 if (!s.target) {
2664 ret = -1;
2665 goto out;
2667 out_bs = blk_bs(s.target);
2669 if (bitmaps && !bdrv_supports_persistent_dirty_bitmap(out_bs)) {
2670 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support bitmaps",
2671 out_bs->drv->format_name);
2672 ret = -1;
2673 goto out;
2676 if (s.compressed && !block_driver_can_compress(out_bs->drv)) {
2677 error_report("Compression not supported for this file format");
2678 ret = -1;
2679 goto out;
2682 /* increase bufsectors from the default 4096 (2M) if opt_transfer
2683 * or discard_alignment of the out_bs is greater. Limit to
2684 * MAX_BUF_SECTORS as maximum which is currently 32768 (16MB). */
2685 s.buf_sectors = MIN(MAX_BUF_SECTORS,
2686 MAX(s.buf_sectors,
2687 MAX(out_bs->bl.opt_transfer >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
2688 out_bs->bl.pdiscard_alignment >>
2689 BDRV_SECTOR_BITS)));
2691 /* try to align the write requests to the destination to avoid unnecessary
2692 * RMW cycles. */
2693 s.alignment = MAX(pow2floor(s.min_sparse),
2694 DIV_ROUND_UP(out_bs->bl.request_alignment,
2695 BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE));
2696 assert(is_power_of_2(s.alignment));
2698 if (skip_create) {
2699 int64_t output_sectors = blk_nb_sectors(s.target);
2700 if (output_sectors < 0) {
2701 error_report("unable to get output image length: %s",
2702 strerror(-output_sectors));
2703 ret = -1;
2704 goto out;
2705 } else if (output_sectors < s.total_sectors) {
2706 error_report("output file is smaller than input file");
2707 ret = -1;
2708 goto out;
2712 if (s.target_has_backing && s.target_is_new) {
2713 /* Errors are treated as "backing length unknown" (which means
2714 * s.target_backing_sectors has to be negative, which it will
2715 * be automatically). The backing file length is used only
2716 * for optimizations, so such a case is not fatal. */
2717 s.target_backing_sectors =
2718 bdrv_nb_sectors(bdrv_backing_chain_next(out_bs));
2719 } else {
2720 s.target_backing_sectors = -1;
2723 ret = bdrv_get_info(out_bs, &bdi);
2724 if (ret < 0) {
2725 if (s.compressed) {
2726 error_report("could not get block driver info");
2727 goto out;
2729 } else {
2730 s.compressed = s.compressed || bdi.needs_compressed_writes;
2731 s.cluster_sectors = bdi.cluster_size / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
2734 if (rate_limit) {
2735 set_rate_limit(s.target, rate_limit);
2738 ret = convert_do_copy(&s);
2740 /* Now copy the bitmaps */
2741 if (bitmaps && ret == 0) {
2742 ret = convert_copy_bitmaps(blk_bs(s.src[0]), out_bs);
2745 out:
2746 if (!ret) {
2747 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
2749 qemu_progress_end();
2750 qemu_opts_del(opts);
2751 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
2752 qobject_unref(open_opts);
2753 blk_unref(s.target);
2754 if (s.src) {
2755 for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < s.src_num; bs_i++) {
2756 blk_unref(s.src[bs_i]);
2758 g_free(s.src);
2760 g_free(s.src_sectors);
2761 g_free(s.src_alignment);
2762 fail_getopt:
2763 qemu_opts_del(sn_opts);
2764 g_free(options);
2766 return !!ret;
2770 static void dump_snapshots(BlockDriverState *bs)
2772 QEMUSnapshotInfo *sn_tab, *sn;
2773 int nb_sns, i;
2775 nb_sns = bdrv_snapshot_list(bs, &sn_tab);
2776 if (nb_sns <= 0)
2777 return;
2778 printf("Snapshot list:\n");
2779 bdrv_snapshot_dump(NULL);
2780 printf("\n");
2781 for(i = 0; i < nb_sns; i++) {
2782 sn = &sn_tab[i];
2783 bdrv_snapshot_dump(sn);
2784 printf("\n");
2786 g_free(sn_tab);
2789 static void dump_json_image_info_list(ImageInfoList *list)
2791 GString *str;
2792 QObject *obj;
2793 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
2795 visit_type_ImageInfoList(v, NULL, &list, &error_abort);
2796 visit_complete(v, &obj);
2797 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj, true);
2798 assert(str != NULL);
2799 printf("%s\n", str->str);
2800 qobject_unref(obj);
2801 visit_free(v);
2802 g_string_free(str, true);
2805 static void dump_json_image_info(ImageInfo *info)
2807 GString *str;
2808 QObject *obj;
2809 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
2811 visit_type_ImageInfo(v, NULL, &info, &error_abort);
2812 visit_complete(v, &obj);
2813 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj, true);
2814 assert(str != NULL);
2815 printf("%s\n", str->str);
2816 qobject_unref(obj);
2817 visit_free(v);
2818 g_string_free(str, true);
2821 static void dump_human_image_info_list(ImageInfoList *list)
2823 ImageInfoList *elem;
2824 bool delim = false;
2826 for (elem = list; elem; elem = elem->next) {
2827 if (delim) {
2828 printf("\n");
2830 delim = true;
2832 bdrv_image_info_dump(elem->value);
2836 static gboolean str_equal_func(gconstpointer a, gconstpointer b)
2838 return strcmp(a, b) == 0;
2842 * Open an image file chain and return an ImageInfoList
2844 * @filename: topmost image filename
2845 * @fmt: topmost image format (may be NULL to autodetect)
2846 * @chain: true - enumerate entire backing file chain
2847 * false - only topmost image file
2849 * Returns a list of ImageInfo objects or NULL if there was an error opening an
2850 * image file. If there was an error a message will have been printed to
2851 * stderr.
2853 static ImageInfoList *collect_image_info_list(bool image_opts,
2854 const char *filename,
2855 const char *fmt,
2856 bool chain, bool force_share)
2858 ImageInfoList *head = NULL;
2859 ImageInfoList **tail = &head;
2860 GHashTable *filenames;
2861 Error *err = NULL;
2863 filenames = g_hash_table_new_full(g_str_hash, str_equal_func, NULL, NULL);
2865 while (filename) {
2866 BlockBackend *blk;
2867 BlockDriverState *bs;
2868 ImageInfo *info;
2870 if (g_hash_table_lookup_extended(filenames, filename, NULL, NULL)) {
2871 error_report("Backing file '%s' creates an infinite loop.",
2872 filename);
2873 goto err;
2875 g_hash_table_insert(filenames, (gpointer)filename, NULL);
2877 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt,
2878 BDRV_O_NO_BACKING | BDRV_O_NO_IO, false, false,
2879 force_share);
2880 if (!blk) {
2881 goto err;
2883 bs = blk_bs(blk);
2885 bdrv_query_image_info(bs, &info, &err);
2886 if (err) {
2887 error_report_err(err);
2888 blk_unref(blk);
2889 goto err;
2892 QAPI_LIST_APPEND(tail, info);
2894 blk_unref(blk);
2896 /* Clear parameters that only apply to the topmost image */
2897 filename = fmt = NULL;
2898 image_opts = false;
2900 if (chain) {
2901 if (info->has_full_backing_filename) {
2902 filename = info->full_backing_filename;
2903 } else if (info->has_backing_filename) {
2904 error_report("Could not determine absolute backing filename,"
2905 " but backing filename '%s' present",
2906 info->backing_filename);
2907 goto err;
2909 if (info->has_backing_filename_format) {
2910 fmt = info->backing_filename_format;
2914 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames);
2915 return head;
2917 err:
2918 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(head);
2919 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames);
2920 return NULL;
2923 static int img_info(int argc, char **argv)
2925 int c;
2926 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2927 bool chain = false;
2928 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
2929 ImageInfoList *list;
2930 bool image_opts = false;
2931 bool force_share = false;
2933 fmt = NULL;
2934 output = NULL;
2935 for(;;) {
2936 int option_index = 0;
2937 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2938 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2939 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
2940 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
2941 {"backing-chain", no_argument, 0, OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN},
2942 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
2943 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
2944 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
2945 {0, 0, 0, 0}
2947 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:hU",
2948 long_options, &option_index);
2949 if (c == -1) {
2950 break;
2952 switch(c) {
2953 case ':':
2954 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
2955 break;
2956 case '?':
2957 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
2958 break;
2959 case 'h':
2960 help();
2961 break;
2962 case 'f':
2963 fmt = optarg;
2964 break;
2965 case 'U':
2966 force_share = true;
2967 break;
2968 case OPTION_OUTPUT:
2969 output = optarg;
2970 break;
2971 case OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN:
2972 chain = true;
2973 break;
2974 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
2975 QemuOpts *opts;
2976 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
2977 optarg, true);
2978 if (!opts) {
2979 return 1;
2981 } break;
2982 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2983 image_opts = true;
2984 break;
2987 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2988 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2990 filename = argv[optind++];
2992 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
2993 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
2994 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
2995 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2996 } else if (output) {
2997 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
2998 return 1;
3001 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3002 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3003 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
3004 return 1;
3007 list = collect_image_info_list(image_opts, filename, fmt, chain,
3008 force_share);
3009 if (!list) {
3010 return 1;
3013 switch (output_format) {
3014 case OFORMAT_HUMAN:
3015 dump_human_image_info_list(list);
3016 break;
3017 case OFORMAT_JSON:
3018 if (chain) {
3019 dump_json_image_info_list(list);
3020 } else {
3021 dump_json_image_info(list->value);
3023 break;
3026 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(list);
3027 return 0;
3030 static int dump_map_entry(OutputFormat output_format, MapEntry *e,
3031 MapEntry *next)
3033 switch (output_format) {
3034 case OFORMAT_HUMAN:
3035 if (e->data && !e->has_offset) {
3036 error_report("File contains external, encrypted or compressed clusters.");
3037 return -1;
3039 if (e->data && !e->zero) {
3040 printf("%#-16"PRIx64"%#-16"PRIx64"%#-16"PRIx64"%s\n",
3041 e->start, e->length,
3042 e->has_offset ? e->offset : 0,
3043 e->has_filename ? e->filename : "");
3045 /* This format ignores the distinction between 0, ZERO and ZERO|DATA.
3046 * Modify the flags here to allow more coalescing.
3048 if (next && (!next->data || next->zero)) {
3049 next->data = false;
3050 next->zero = true;
3052 break;
3053 case OFORMAT_JSON:
3054 printf("{ \"start\": %"PRId64", \"length\": %"PRId64","
3055 " \"depth\": %"PRId64", \"zero\": %s, \"data\": %s",
3056 e->start, e->length, e->depth,
3057 e->zero ? "true" : "false",
3058 e->data ? "true" : "false");
3059 if (e->has_offset) {
3060 printf(", \"offset\": %"PRId64"", e->offset);
3062 putchar('}');
3064 if (next) {
3065 puts(",");
3067 break;
3069 return 0;
3072 static int get_block_status(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset,
3073 int64_t bytes, MapEntry *e)
3075 int ret;
3076 int depth;
3077 BlockDriverState *file;
3078 bool has_offset;
3079 int64_t map;
3080 char *filename = NULL;
3082 /* As an optimization, we could cache the current range of unallocated
3083 * clusters in each file of the chain, and avoid querying the same
3084 * range repeatedly.
3087 depth = 0;
3088 for (;;) {
3089 bs = bdrv_skip_filters(bs);
3090 ret = bdrv_block_status(bs, offset, bytes, &bytes, &map, &file);
3091 if (ret < 0) {
3092 return ret;
3094 assert(bytes);
3095 if (ret & (BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO|BDRV_BLOCK_DATA)) {
3096 break;
3098 bs = bdrv_cow_bs(bs);
3099 if (bs == NULL) {
3100 ret = 0;
3101 break;
3104 depth++;
3107 has_offset = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID);
3109 if (file && has_offset) {
3110 bdrv_refresh_filename(file);
3111 filename = file->filename;
3114 *e = (MapEntry) {
3115 .start = offset,
3116 .length = bytes,
3117 .data = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA),
3118 .zero = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO),
3119 .offset = map,
3120 .has_offset = has_offset,
3121 .depth = depth,
3122 .has_filename = filename,
3123 .filename = filename,
3126 return 0;
3129 static inline bool entry_mergeable(const MapEntry *curr, const MapEntry *next)
3131 if (curr->length == 0) {
3132 return false;
3134 if (curr->zero != next->zero ||
3135 curr->data != next->data ||
3136 curr->depth != next->depth ||
3137 curr->has_filename != next->has_filename ||
3138 curr->has_offset != next->has_offset) {
3139 return false;
3141 if (curr->has_filename && strcmp(curr->filename, next->filename)) {
3142 return false;
3144 if (curr->has_offset && curr->offset + curr->length != next->offset) {
3145 return false;
3147 return true;
3150 static int img_map(int argc, char **argv)
3152 int c;
3153 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
3154 BlockBackend *blk;
3155 BlockDriverState *bs;
3156 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
3157 int64_t length;
3158 MapEntry curr = { .length = 0 }, next;
3159 int ret = 0;
3160 bool image_opts = false;
3161 bool force_share = false;
3162 int64_t start_offset = 0;
3163 int64_t max_length = -1;
3165 fmt = NULL;
3166 output = NULL;
3167 for (;;) {
3168 int option_index = 0;
3169 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3170 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3171 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
3172 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
3173 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3174 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3175 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
3176 {"start-offset", required_argument, 0, 's'},
3177 {"max-length", required_argument, 0, 'l'},
3178 {0, 0, 0, 0}
3180 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:s:l:hU",
3181 long_options, &option_index);
3182 if (c == -1) {
3183 break;
3185 switch (c) {
3186 case ':':
3187 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3188 break;
3189 case '?':
3190 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3191 break;
3192 case 'h':
3193 help();
3194 break;
3195 case 'f':
3196 fmt = optarg;
3197 break;
3198 case 'U':
3199 force_share = true;
3200 break;
3201 case OPTION_OUTPUT:
3202 output = optarg;
3203 break;
3204 case 's':
3205 start_offset = cvtnum("start offset", optarg);
3206 if (start_offset < 0) {
3207 return 1;
3209 break;
3210 case 'l':
3211 max_length = cvtnum("max length", optarg);
3212 if (max_length < 0) {
3213 return 1;
3215 break;
3216 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
3217 QemuOpts *opts;
3218 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3219 optarg, true);
3220 if (!opts) {
3221 return 1;
3223 } break;
3224 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3225 image_opts = true;
3226 break;
3229 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3230 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
3232 filename = argv[optind];
3234 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
3235 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
3236 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
3237 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
3238 } else if (output) {
3239 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
3240 return 1;
3243 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3244 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3245 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
3246 return 1;
3249 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, 0, false, false, force_share);
3250 if (!blk) {
3251 return 1;
3253 bs = blk_bs(blk);
3255 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
3256 printf("%-16s%-16s%-16s%s\n", "Offset", "Length", "Mapped to", "File");
3257 } else if (output_format == OFORMAT_JSON) {
3258 putchar('[');
3261 length = blk_getlength(blk);
3262 if (length < 0) {
3263 error_report("Failed to get size for '%s'", filename);
3264 return 1;
3266 if (max_length != -1) {
3267 length = MIN(start_offset + max_length, length);
3270 curr.start = start_offset;
3271 while (curr.start + curr.length < length) {
3272 int64_t offset = curr.start + curr.length;
3273 int64_t n = length - offset;
3275 ret = get_block_status(bs, offset, n, &next);
3276 if (ret < 0) {
3277 error_report("Could not read file metadata: %s", strerror(-ret));
3278 goto out;
3281 if (entry_mergeable(&curr, &next)) {
3282 curr.length += next.length;
3283 continue;
3286 if (curr.length > 0) {
3287 ret = dump_map_entry(output_format, &curr, &next);
3288 if (ret < 0) {
3289 goto out;
3292 curr = next;
3295 ret = dump_map_entry(output_format, &curr, NULL);
3296 if (output_format == OFORMAT_JSON) {
3297 puts("]");
3300 out:
3301 blk_unref(blk);
3302 return ret < 0;
3305 #define SNAPSHOT_LIST 1
3306 #define SNAPSHOT_CREATE 2
3307 #define SNAPSHOT_APPLY 3
3308 #define SNAPSHOT_DELETE 4
3310 static int img_snapshot(int argc, char **argv)
3312 BlockBackend *blk;
3313 BlockDriverState *bs;
3314 QEMUSnapshotInfo sn;
3315 char *filename, *snapshot_name = NULL;
3316 int c, ret = 0, bdrv_oflags;
3317 int action = 0;
3318 qemu_timeval tv;
3319 bool quiet = false;
3320 Error *err = NULL;
3321 bool image_opts = false;
3322 bool force_share = false;
3324 bdrv_oflags = BDRV_O_RDWR;
3325 /* Parse commandline parameters */
3326 for(;;) {
3327 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3328 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3329 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3330 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3331 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
3332 {0, 0, 0, 0}
3334 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":la:c:d:hqU",
3335 long_options, NULL);
3336 if (c == -1) {
3337 break;
3339 switch(c) {
3340 case ':':
3341 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3342 break;
3343 case '?':
3344 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3345 break;
3346 case 'h':
3347 help();
3348 return 0;
3349 case 'l':
3350 if (action) {
3351 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
3352 return 0;
3354 action = SNAPSHOT_LIST;
3355 bdrv_oflags &= ~BDRV_O_RDWR; /* no need for RW */
3356 break;
3357 case 'a':
3358 if (action) {
3359 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
3360 return 0;
3362 action = SNAPSHOT_APPLY;
3363 snapshot_name = optarg;
3364 break;
3365 case 'c':
3366 if (action) {
3367 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
3368 return 0;
3370 action = SNAPSHOT_CREATE;
3371 snapshot_name = optarg;
3372 break;
3373 case 'd':
3374 if (action) {
3375 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
3376 return 0;
3378 action = SNAPSHOT_DELETE;
3379 snapshot_name = optarg;
3380 break;
3381 case 'q':
3382 quiet = true;
3383 break;
3384 case 'U':
3385 force_share = true;
3386 break;
3387 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
3388 QemuOpts *opts;
3389 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3390 optarg, true);
3391 if (!opts) {
3392 return 1;
3394 } break;
3395 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3396 image_opts = true;
3397 break;
3401 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3402 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
3404 filename = argv[optind++];
3406 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3407 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3408 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
3409 return 1;
3412 /* Open the image */
3413 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, NULL, bdrv_oflags, false, quiet,
3414 force_share);
3415 if (!blk) {
3416 return 1;
3418 bs = blk_bs(blk);
3420 /* Perform the requested action */
3421 switch(action) {
3422 case SNAPSHOT_LIST:
3423 dump_snapshots(bs);
3424 break;
3426 case SNAPSHOT_CREATE:
3427 memset(&sn, 0, sizeof(sn));
3428 pstrcpy(sn.name, sizeof(sn.name), snapshot_name);
3430 qemu_gettimeofday(&tv);
3431 sn.date_sec = tv.tv_sec;
3432 sn.date_nsec = tv.tv_usec * 1000;
3434 ret = bdrv_snapshot_create(bs, &sn);
3435 if (ret) {
3436 error_report("Could not create snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
3437 snapshot_name, ret, strerror(-ret));
3439 break;
3441 case SNAPSHOT_APPLY:
3442 ret = bdrv_snapshot_goto(bs, snapshot_name, &err);
3443 if (ret) {
3444 error_reportf_err(err, "Could not apply snapshot '%s': ",
3445 snapshot_name);
3447 break;
3449 case SNAPSHOT_DELETE:
3450 ret = bdrv_snapshot_find(bs, &sn, snapshot_name);
3451 if (ret < 0) {
3452 error_report("Could not delete snapshot '%s': snapshot not "
3453 "found", snapshot_name);
3454 ret = 1;
3455 } else {
3456 ret = bdrv_snapshot_delete(bs, sn.id_str, sn.name, &err);
3457 if (ret < 0) {
3458 error_reportf_err(err, "Could not delete snapshot '%s': ",
3459 snapshot_name);
3460 ret = 1;
3463 break;
3466 /* Cleanup */
3467 blk_unref(blk);
3468 if (ret) {
3469 return 1;
3471 return 0;
3474 static int img_rebase(int argc, char **argv)
3476 BlockBackend *blk = NULL, *blk_old_backing = NULL, *blk_new_backing = NULL;
3477 uint8_t *buf_old = NULL;
3478 uint8_t *buf_new = NULL;
3479 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL, *prefix_chain_bs = NULL;
3480 BlockDriverState *unfiltered_bs;
3481 char *filename;
3482 const char *fmt, *cache, *src_cache, *out_basefmt, *out_baseimg;
3483 int c, flags, src_flags, ret;
3484 bool writethrough, src_writethrough;
3485 int unsafe = 0;
3486 bool force_share = false;
3487 int progress = 0;
3488 bool quiet = false;
3489 Error *local_err = NULL;
3490 bool image_opts = false;
3492 /* Parse commandline parameters */
3493 fmt = NULL;
3494 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
3495 src_cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
3496 out_baseimg = NULL;
3497 out_basefmt = NULL;
3498 for(;;) {
3499 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3500 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3501 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3502 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3503 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
3504 {0, 0, 0, 0}
3506 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:F:b:upt:T:qU",
3507 long_options, NULL);
3508 if (c == -1) {
3509 break;
3511 switch(c) {
3512 case ':':
3513 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3514 break;
3515 case '?':
3516 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3517 break;
3518 case 'h':
3519 help();
3520 return 0;
3521 case 'f':
3522 fmt = optarg;
3523 break;
3524 case 'F':
3525 out_basefmt = optarg;
3526 break;
3527 case 'b':
3528 out_baseimg = optarg;
3529 break;
3530 case 'u':
3531 unsafe = 1;
3532 break;
3533 case 'p':
3534 progress = 1;
3535 break;
3536 case 't':
3537 cache = optarg;
3538 break;
3539 case 'T':
3540 src_cache = optarg;
3541 break;
3542 case 'q':
3543 quiet = true;
3544 break;
3545 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
3546 QemuOpts *opts;
3547 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3548 optarg, true);
3549 if (!opts) {
3550 return 1;
3552 } break;
3553 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3554 image_opts = true;
3555 break;
3556 case 'U':
3557 force_share = true;
3558 break;
3562 if (quiet) {
3563 progress = 0;
3566 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3567 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
3569 if (!unsafe && !out_baseimg) {
3570 error_exit("Must specify backing file (-b) or use unsafe mode (-u)");
3572 filename = argv[optind++];
3574 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3575 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3576 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
3577 return 1;
3580 qemu_progress_init(progress, 2.0);
3581 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
3583 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR | (unsafe ? BDRV_O_NO_BACKING : 0);
3584 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
3585 if (ret < 0) {
3586 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
3587 goto out;
3590 src_flags = 0;
3591 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(src_cache, &src_flags, &src_writethrough);
3592 if (ret < 0) {
3593 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", src_cache);
3594 goto out;
3597 /* The source files are opened read-only, don't care about WCE */
3598 assert((src_flags & BDRV_O_RDWR) == 0);
3599 (void) src_writethrough;
3602 * Open the images.
3604 * Ignore the old backing file for unsafe rebase in case we want to correct
3605 * the reference to a renamed or moved backing file.
3607 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
3608 false);
3609 if (!blk) {
3610 ret = -1;
3611 goto out;
3613 bs = blk_bs(blk);
3615 unfiltered_bs = bdrv_skip_filters(bs);
3617 if (out_basefmt != NULL) {
3618 if (bdrv_find_format(out_basefmt) == NULL) {
3619 error_report("Invalid format name: '%s'", out_basefmt);
3620 ret = -1;
3621 goto out;
3625 /* For safe rebasing we need to compare old and new backing file */
3626 if (!unsafe) {
3627 QDict *options = NULL;
3628 BlockDriverState *base_bs = bdrv_cow_bs(unfiltered_bs);
3630 if (base_bs) {
3631 blk_old_backing = blk_new(qemu_get_aio_context(),
3632 BLK_PERM_CONSISTENT_READ,
3633 BLK_PERM_ALL);
3634 ret = blk_insert_bs(blk_old_backing, base_bs,
3635 &local_err);
3636 if (ret < 0) {
3637 error_reportf_err(local_err,
3638 "Could not reuse old backing file '%s': ",
3639 base_bs->filename);
3640 goto out;
3642 } else {
3643 blk_old_backing = NULL;
3646 if (out_baseimg[0]) {
3647 const char *overlay_filename;
3648 char *out_real_path;
3650 options = qdict_new();
3651 if (out_basefmt) {
3652 qdict_put_str(options, "driver", out_basefmt);
3654 if (force_share) {
3655 qdict_put_bool(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, true);
3658 bdrv_refresh_filename(bs);
3659 overlay_filename = bs->exact_filename[0] ? bs->exact_filename
3660 : bs->filename;
3661 out_real_path =
3662 bdrv_get_full_backing_filename_from_filename(overlay_filename,
3663 out_baseimg,
3664 &local_err);
3665 if (local_err) {
3666 qobject_unref(options);
3667 error_reportf_err(local_err,
3668 "Could not resolve backing filename: ");
3669 ret = -1;
3670 goto out;
3674 * Find out whether we rebase an image on top of a previous image
3675 * in its chain.
3677 prefix_chain_bs = bdrv_find_backing_image(bs, out_real_path);
3678 if (prefix_chain_bs) {
3679 qobject_unref(options);
3680 g_free(out_real_path);
3682 blk_new_backing = blk_new(qemu_get_aio_context(),
3683 BLK_PERM_CONSISTENT_READ,
3684 BLK_PERM_ALL);
3685 ret = blk_insert_bs(blk_new_backing, prefix_chain_bs,
3686 &local_err);
3687 if (ret < 0) {
3688 error_reportf_err(local_err,
3689 "Could not reuse backing file '%s': ",
3690 out_baseimg);
3691 goto out;
3693 } else {
3694 blk_new_backing = blk_new_open(out_real_path, NULL,
3695 options, src_flags, &local_err);
3696 g_free(out_real_path);
3697 if (!blk_new_backing) {
3698 error_reportf_err(local_err,
3699 "Could not open new backing file '%s': ",
3700 out_baseimg);
3701 ret = -1;
3702 goto out;
3709 * Check each unallocated cluster in the COW file. If it is unallocated,
3710 * accesses go to the backing file. We must therefore compare this cluster
3711 * in the old and new backing file, and if they differ we need to copy it
3712 * from the old backing file into the COW file.
3714 * If qemu-img crashes during this step, no harm is done. The content of
3715 * the image is the same as the original one at any time.
3717 if (!unsafe) {
3718 int64_t size;
3719 int64_t old_backing_size = 0;
3720 int64_t new_backing_size = 0;
3721 uint64_t offset;
3722 int64_t n;
3723 float local_progress = 0;
3725 buf_old = blk_blockalign(blk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
3726 buf_new = blk_blockalign(blk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
3728 size = blk_getlength(blk);
3729 if (size < 0) {
3730 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
3731 filename, strerror(-size));
3732 ret = -1;
3733 goto out;
3735 if (blk_old_backing) {
3736 old_backing_size = blk_getlength(blk_old_backing);
3737 if (old_backing_size < 0) {
3738 char backing_name[PATH_MAX];
3740 bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs, backing_name,
3741 sizeof(backing_name));
3742 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
3743 backing_name, strerror(-old_backing_size));
3744 ret = -1;
3745 goto out;
3748 if (blk_new_backing) {
3749 new_backing_size = blk_getlength(blk_new_backing);
3750 if (new_backing_size < 0) {
3751 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
3752 out_baseimg, strerror(-new_backing_size));
3753 ret = -1;
3754 goto out;
3758 if (size != 0) {
3759 local_progress = (float)100 / (size / MIN(size, IO_BUF_SIZE));
3762 for (offset = 0; offset < size; offset += n) {
3763 bool buf_old_is_zero = false;
3765 /* How many bytes can we handle with the next read? */
3766 n = MIN(IO_BUF_SIZE, size - offset);
3768 /* If the cluster is allocated, we don't need to take action */
3769 ret = bdrv_is_allocated(unfiltered_bs, offset, n, &n);
3770 if (ret < 0) {
3771 error_report("error while reading image metadata: %s",
3772 strerror(-ret));
3773 goto out;
3775 if (ret) {
3776 continue;
3779 if (prefix_chain_bs) {
3781 * If cluster wasn't changed since prefix_chain, we don't need
3782 * to take action
3784 ret = bdrv_is_allocated_above(bdrv_cow_bs(unfiltered_bs),
3785 prefix_chain_bs, false,
3786 offset, n, &n);
3787 if (ret < 0) {
3788 error_report("error while reading image metadata: %s",
3789 strerror(-ret));
3790 goto out;
3792 if (!ret) {
3793 continue;
3798 * Read old and new backing file and take into consideration that
3799 * backing files may be smaller than the COW image.
3801 if (offset >= old_backing_size) {
3802 memset(buf_old, 0, n);
3803 buf_old_is_zero = true;
3804 } else {
3805 if (offset + n > old_backing_size) {
3806 n = old_backing_size - offset;
3809 ret = blk_pread(blk_old_backing, offset, buf_old, n);
3810 if (ret < 0) {
3811 error_report("error while reading from old backing file");
3812 goto out;
3816 if (offset >= new_backing_size || !blk_new_backing) {
3817 memset(buf_new, 0, n);
3818 } else {
3819 if (offset + n > new_backing_size) {
3820 n = new_backing_size - offset;
3823 ret = blk_pread(blk_new_backing, offset, buf_new, n);
3824 if (ret < 0) {
3825 error_report("error while reading from new backing file");
3826 goto out;
3830 /* If they differ, we need to write to the COW file */
3831 uint64_t written = 0;
3833 while (written < n) {
3834 int64_t pnum;
3836 if (compare_buffers(buf_old + written, buf_new + written,
3837 n - written, &pnum))
3839 if (buf_old_is_zero) {
3840 ret = blk_pwrite_zeroes(blk, offset + written, pnum, 0);
3841 } else {
3842 ret = blk_pwrite(blk, offset + written,
3843 buf_old + written, pnum, 0);
3845 if (ret < 0) {
3846 error_report("Error while writing to COW image: %s",
3847 strerror(-ret));
3848 goto out;
3852 written += pnum;
3854 qemu_progress_print(local_progress, 100);
3859 * Change the backing file. All clusters that are different from the old
3860 * backing file are overwritten in the COW file now, so the visible content
3861 * doesn't change when we switch the backing file.
3863 if (out_baseimg && *out_baseimg) {
3864 ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(unfiltered_bs, out_baseimg, out_basefmt,
3865 true);
3866 } else {
3867 ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(unfiltered_bs, NULL, NULL, false);
3870 if (ret == -ENOSPC) {
3871 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': No "
3872 "space left in the file header", out_baseimg);
3873 } else if (ret < 0) {
3874 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': %s",
3875 out_baseimg, strerror(-ret));
3878 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
3880 * TODO At this point it is possible to check if any clusters that are
3881 * allocated in the COW file are the same in the backing file. If so, they
3882 * could be dropped from the COW file. Don't do this before switching the
3883 * backing file, in case of a crash this would lead to corruption.
3885 out:
3886 qemu_progress_end();
3887 /* Cleanup */
3888 if (!unsafe) {
3889 blk_unref(blk_old_backing);
3890 blk_unref(blk_new_backing);
3892 qemu_vfree(buf_old);
3893 qemu_vfree(buf_new);
3895 blk_unref(blk);
3896 if (ret) {
3897 return 1;
3899 return 0;
3902 static int img_resize(int argc, char **argv)
3904 Error *err = NULL;
3905 int c, ret, relative;
3906 const char *filename, *fmt, *size;
3907 int64_t n, total_size, current_size;
3908 bool quiet = false;
3909 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
3910 PreallocMode prealloc = PREALLOC_MODE_OFF;
3911 QemuOpts *param;
3913 static QemuOptsList resize_options = {
3914 .name = "resize_options",
3915 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(resize_options.head),
3916 .desc = {
3918 .name = BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
3919 .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
3920 .help = "Virtual disk size"
3921 }, {
3922 /* end of list */
3926 bool image_opts = false;
3927 bool shrink = false;
3929 /* Remove size from argv manually so that negative numbers are not treated
3930 * as options by getopt. */
3931 if (argc < 3) {
3932 error_exit("Not enough arguments");
3933 return 1;
3936 size = argv[--argc];
3938 /* Parse getopt arguments */
3939 fmt = NULL;
3940 for(;;) {
3941 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3942 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3943 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3944 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3945 {"preallocation", required_argument, 0, OPTION_PREALLOCATION},
3946 {"shrink", no_argument, 0, OPTION_SHRINK},
3947 {0, 0, 0, 0}
3949 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:hq",
3950 long_options, NULL);
3951 if (c == -1) {
3952 break;
3954 switch(c) {
3955 case ':':
3956 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3957 break;
3958 case '?':
3959 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3960 break;
3961 case 'h':
3962 help();
3963 break;
3964 case 'f':
3965 fmt = optarg;
3966 break;
3967 case 'q':
3968 quiet = true;
3969 break;
3970 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
3971 QemuOpts *opts;
3972 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3973 optarg, true);
3974 if (!opts) {
3975 return 1;
3977 } break;
3978 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3979 image_opts = true;
3980 break;
3981 case OPTION_PREALLOCATION:
3982 prealloc = qapi_enum_parse(&PreallocMode_lookup, optarg,
3983 PREALLOC_MODE__MAX, NULL);
3984 if (prealloc == PREALLOC_MODE__MAX) {
3985 error_report("Invalid preallocation mode '%s'", optarg);
3986 return 1;
3988 break;
3989 case OPTION_SHRINK:
3990 shrink = true;
3991 break;
3994 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3995 error_exit("Expecting image file name and size");
3997 filename = argv[optind++];
3999 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
4000 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
4001 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
4002 return 1;
4005 /* Choose grow, shrink, or absolute resize mode */
4006 switch (size[0]) {
4007 case '+':
4008 relative = 1;
4009 size++;
4010 break;
4011 case '-':
4012 relative = -1;
4013 size++;
4014 break;
4015 default:
4016 relative = 0;
4017 break;
4020 /* Parse size */
4021 param = qemu_opts_create(&resize_options, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
4022 if (!qemu_opt_set(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, size, &err)) {
4023 error_report_err(err);
4024 ret = -1;
4025 qemu_opts_del(param);
4026 goto out;
4028 n = qemu_opt_get_size(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, 0);
4029 qemu_opts_del(param);
4031 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt,
4032 BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_RESIZE, false, quiet,
4033 false);
4034 if (!blk) {
4035 ret = -1;
4036 goto out;
4039 current_size = blk_getlength(blk);
4040 if (current_size < 0) {
4041 error_report("Failed to inquire current image length: %s",
4042 strerror(-current_size));
4043 ret = -1;
4044 goto out;
4047 if (relative) {
4048 total_size = current_size + n * relative;
4049 } else {
4050 total_size = n;
4052 if (total_size <= 0) {
4053 error_report("New image size must be positive");
4054 ret = -1;
4055 goto out;
4058 if (total_size <= current_size && prealloc != PREALLOC_MODE_OFF) {
4059 error_report("Preallocation can only be used for growing images");
4060 ret = -1;
4061 goto out;
4064 if (total_size < current_size && !shrink) {
4065 error_report("Use the --shrink option to perform a shrink operation.");
4066 warn_report("Shrinking an image will delete all data beyond the "
4067 "shrunken image's end. Before performing such an "
4068 "operation, make sure there is no important data there.");
4069 ret = -1;
4070 goto out;
4074 * The user expects the image to have the desired size after
4075 * resizing, so pass @exact=true. It is of no use to report
4076 * success when the image has not actually been resized.
4078 ret = blk_truncate(blk, total_size, true, prealloc, 0, &err);
4079 if (!ret) {
4080 qprintf(quiet, "Image resized.\n");
4081 } else {
4082 error_report_err(err);
4084 out:
4085 blk_unref(blk);
4086 if (ret) {
4087 return 1;
4089 return 0;
4092 static void amend_status_cb(BlockDriverState *bs,
4093 int64_t offset, int64_t total_work_size,
4094 void *opaque)
4096 qemu_progress_print(100.f * offset / total_work_size, 0);
4099 static int print_amend_option_help(const char *format)
4101 BlockDriver *drv;
4103 /* Find driver and parse its options */
4104 drv = bdrv_find_format(format);
4105 if (!drv) {
4106 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", format);
4107 return 1;
4110 if (!drv->bdrv_amend_options) {
4111 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support option amendment",
4112 format);
4113 return 1;
4116 /* Every driver supporting amendment must have amend_opts */
4117 assert(drv->amend_opts);
4119 printf("Amend options for '%s':\n", format);
4120 qemu_opts_print_help(drv->amend_opts, false);
4121 return 0;
4124 static int img_amend(int argc, char **argv)
4126 Error *err = NULL;
4127 int c, ret = 0;
4128 char *options = NULL;
4129 QemuOptsList *amend_opts = NULL;
4130 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
4131 const char *fmt = NULL, *filename, *cache;
4132 int flags;
4133 bool writethrough;
4134 bool quiet = false, progress = false;
4135 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
4136 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL;
4137 bool image_opts = false;
4138 bool force = false;
4140 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
4141 for (;;) {
4142 static const struct option long_options[] = {
4143 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
4144 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
4145 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
4146 {"force", no_argument, 0, OPTION_FORCE},
4147 {0, 0, 0, 0}
4149 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":ho:f:t:pq",
4150 long_options, NULL);
4151 if (c == -1) {
4152 break;
4155 switch (c) {
4156 case ':':
4157 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
4158 break;
4159 case '?':
4160 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
4161 break;
4162 case 'h':
4163 help();
4164 break;
4165 case 'o':
4166 if (accumulate_options(&options, optarg) < 0) {
4167 ret = -1;
4168 goto out_no_progress;
4170 break;
4171 case 'f':
4172 fmt = optarg;
4173 break;
4174 case 't':
4175 cache = optarg;
4176 break;
4177 case 'p':
4178 progress = true;
4179 break;
4180 case 'q':
4181 quiet = true;
4182 break;
4183 case OPTION_OBJECT:
4184 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
4185 optarg, true);
4186 if (!opts) {
4187 ret = -1;
4188 goto out_no_progress;
4190 break;
4191 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
4192 image_opts = true;
4193 break;
4194 case OPTION_FORCE:
4195 force = true;
4196 break;
4200 if (!options) {
4201 error_exit("Must specify options (-o)");
4204 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
4205 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
4206 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
4207 ret = -1;
4208 goto out_no_progress;
4211 if (quiet) {
4212 progress = false;
4214 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.0);
4216 filename = (optind == argc - 1) ? argv[argc - 1] : NULL;
4217 if (fmt && has_help_option(options)) {
4218 /* If a format is explicitly specified (and possibly no filename is
4219 * given), print option help here */
4220 ret = print_amend_option_help(fmt);
4221 goto out;
4224 if (optind != argc - 1) {
4225 error_report("Expecting one image file name");
4226 ret = -1;
4227 goto out;
4230 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR;
4231 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
4232 if (ret < 0) {
4233 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
4234 goto out;
4237 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
4238 false);
4239 if (!blk) {
4240 ret = -1;
4241 goto out;
4243 bs = blk_bs(blk);
4245 fmt = bs->drv->format_name;
4247 if (has_help_option(options)) {
4248 /* If the format was auto-detected, print option help here */
4249 ret = print_amend_option_help(fmt);
4250 goto out;
4253 if (!bs->drv->bdrv_amend_options) {
4254 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support option amendment",
4255 fmt);
4256 ret = -1;
4257 goto out;
4260 /* Every driver supporting amendment must have amend_opts */
4261 assert(bs->drv->amend_opts);
4263 amend_opts = qemu_opts_append(amend_opts, bs->drv->amend_opts);
4264 opts = qemu_opts_create(amend_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
4265 if (!qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, &err)) {
4266 /* Try to parse options using the create options */
4267 amend_opts = qemu_opts_append(amend_opts, bs->drv->create_opts);
4268 qemu_opts_del(opts);
4269 opts = qemu_opts_create(amend_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
4270 if (qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, NULL)) {
4271 error_append_hint(&err,
4272 "This option is only supported for image creation\n");
4275 error_report_err(err);
4276 ret = -1;
4277 goto out;
4280 /* In case the driver does not call amend_status_cb() */
4281 qemu_progress_print(0.f, 0);
4282 ret = bdrv_amend_options(bs, opts, &amend_status_cb, NULL, force, &err);
4283 qemu_progress_print(100.f, 0);
4284 if (ret < 0) {
4285 error_report_err(err);
4286 goto out;
4289 out:
4290 qemu_progress_end();
4292 out_no_progress:
4293 blk_unref(blk);
4294 qemu_opts_del(opts);
4295 qemu_opts_free(amend_opts);
4296 g_free(options);
4298 if (ret) {
4299 return 1;
4301 return 0;
4304 typedef struct BenchData {
4305 BlockBackend *blk;
4306 uint64_t image_size;
4307 bool write;
4308 int bufsize;
4309 int step;
4310 int nrreq;
4311 int n;
4312 int flush_interval;
4313 bool drain_on_flush;
4314 uint8_t *buf;
4315 QEMUIOVector *qiov;
4317 int in_flight;
4318 bool in_flush;
4319 uint64_t offset;
4320 } BenchData;
4322 static void bench_undrained_flush_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
4324 if (ret < 0) {
4325 error_report("Failed flush request: %s", strerror(-ret));
4326 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4330 static void bench_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
4332 BenchData *b = opaque;
4333 BlockAIOCB *acb;
4335 if (ret < 0) {
4336 error_report("Failed request: %s", strerror(-ret));
4337 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4340 if (b->in_flush) {
4341 /* Just finished a flush with drained queue: Start next requests */
4342 assert(b->in_flight == 0);
4343 b->in_flush = false;
4344 } else if (b->in_flight > 0) {
4345 int remaining = b->n - b->in_flight;
4347 b->n--;
4348 b->in_flight--;
4350 /* Time for flush? Drain queue if requested, then flush */
4351 if (b->flush_interval && remaining % b->flush_interval == 0) {
4352 if (!b->in_flight || !b->drain_on_flush) {
4353 BlockCompletionFunc *cb;
4355 if (b->drain_on_flush) {
4356 b->in_flush = true;
4357 cb = bench_cb;
4358 } else {
4359 cb = bench_undrained_flush_cb;
4362 acb = blk_aio_flush(b->blk, cb, b);
4363 if (!acb) {
4364 error_report("Failed to issue flush request");
4365 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4368 if (b->drain_on_flush) {
4369 return;
4374 while (b->n > b->in_flight && b->in_flight < b->nrreq) {
4375 int64_t offset = b->offset;
4376 /* blk_aio_* might look for completed I/Os and kick bench_cb
4377 * again, so make sure this operation is counted by in_flight
4378 * and b->offset is ready for the next submission.
4380 b->in_flight++;
4381 b->offset += b->step;
4382 b->offset %= b->image_size;
4383 if (b->write) {
4384 acb = blk_aio_pwritev(b->blk, offset, b->qiov, 0, bench_cb, b);
4385 } else {
4386 acb = blk_aio_preadv(b->blk, offset, b->qiov, 0, bench_cb, b);
4388 if (!acb) {
4389 error_report("Failed to issue request");
4390 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4395 static int img_bench(int argc, char **argv)
4397 int c, ret = 0;
4398 const char *fmt = NULL, *filename;
4399 bool quiet = false;
4400 bool image_opts = false;
4401 bool is_write = false;
4402 int count = 75000;
4403 int depth = 64;
4404 int64_t offset = 0;
4405 size_t bufsize = 4096;
4406 int pattern = 0;
4407 size_t step = 0;
4408 int flush_interval = 0;
4409 bool drain_on_flush = true;
4410 int64_t image_size;
4411 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
4412 BenchData data = {};
4413 int flags = 0;
4414 bool writethrough = false;
4415 struct timeval t1, t2;
4416 int i;
4417 bool force_share = false;
4418 size_t buf_size;
4420 for (;;) {
4421 static const struct option long_options[] = {
4422 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
4423 {"flush-interval", required_argument, 0, OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL},
4424 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
4425 {"pattern", required_argument, 0, OPTION_PATTERN},
4426 {"no-drain", no_argument, 0, OPTION_NO_DRAIN},
4427 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
4428 {0, 0, 0, 0}
4430 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hc:d:f:ni:o:qs:S:t:wU", long_options,
4431 NULL);
4432 if (c == -1) {
4433 break;
4436 switch (c) {
4437 case ':':
4438 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
4439 break;
4440 case '?':
4441 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
4442 break;
4443 case 'h':
4444 help();
4445 break;
4446 case 'c':
4448 unsigned long res;
4450 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
4451 error_report("Invalid request count specified");
4452 return 1;
4454 count = res;
4455 break;
4457 case 'd':
4459 unsigned long res;
4461 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
4462 error_report("Invalid queue depth specified");
4463 return 1;
4465 depth = res;
4466 break;
4468 case 'f':
4469 fmt = optarg;
4470 break;
4471 case 'n':
4472 flags |= BDRV_O_NATIVE_AIO;
4473 break;
4474 case 'i':
4475 ret = bdrv_parse_aio(optarg, &flags);
4476 if (ret < 0) {
4477 error_report("Invalid aio option: %s", optarg);
4478 ret = -1;
4479 goto out;
4481 break;
4482 case 'o':
4484 offset = cvtnum("offset", optarg);
4485 if (offset < 0) {
4486 return 1;
4488 break;
4490 break;
4491 case 'q':
4492 quiet = true;
4493 break;
4494 case 's':
4496 int64_t sval;
4498 sval = cvtnum_full("buffer size", optarg, 0, INT_MAX);
4499 if (sval < 0) {
4500 return 1;
4503 bufsize = sval;
4504 break;
4506 case 'S':
4508 int64_t sval;
4510 sval = cvtnum_full("step_size", optarg, 0, INT_MAX);
4511 if (sval < 0) {
4512 return 1;
4515 step = sval;
4516 break;
4518 case 't':
4519 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(optarg, &flags, &writethrough);
4520 if (ret < 0) {
4521 error_report("Invalid cache mode");
4522 ret = -1;
4523 goto out;
4525 break;
4526 case 'w':
4527 flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
4528 is_write = true;
4529 break;
4530 case 'U':
4531 force_share = true;
4532 break;
4533 case OPTION_PATTERN:
4535 unsigned long res;
4537 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > 0xff) {
4538 error_report("Invalid pattern byte specified");
4539 return 1;
4541 pattern = res;
4542 break;
4544 case OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL:
4546 unsigned long res;
4548 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
4549 error_report("Invalid flush interval specified");
4550 return 1;
4552 flush_interval = res;
4553 break;
4555 case OPTION_NO_DRAIN:
4556 drain_on_flush = false;
4557 break;
4558 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
4559 image_opts = true;
4560 break;
4564 if (optind != argc - 1) {
4565 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
4567 filename = argv[argc - 1];
4569 if (!is_write && flush_interval) {
4570 error_report("--flush-interval is only available in write tests");
4571 ret = -1;
4572 goto out;
4574 if (flush_interval && flush_interval < depth) {
4575 error_report("Flush interval can't be smaller than depth");
4576 ret = -1;
4577 goto out;
4580 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
4581 force_share);
4582 if (!blk) {
4583 ret = -1;
4584 goto out;
4587 image_size = blk_getlength(blk);
4588 if (image_size < 0) {
4589 ret = image_size;
4590 goto out;
4593 data = (BenchData) {
4594 .blk = blk,
4595 .image_size = image_size,
4596 .bufsize = bufsize,
4597 .step = step ?: bufsize,
4598 .nrreq = depth,
4599 .n = count,
4600 .offset = offset,
4601 .write = is_write,
4602 .flush_interval = flush_interval,
4603 .drain_on_flush = drain_on_flush,
4605 printf("Sending %d %s requests, %d bytes each, %d in parallel "
4606 "(starting at offset %" PRId64 ", step size %d)\n",
4607 data.n, data.write ? "write" : "read", data.bufsize, data.nrreq,
4608 data.offset, data.step);
4609 if (flush_interval) {
4610 printf("Sending flush every %d requests\n", flush_interval);
4613 buf_size = data.nrreq * data.bufsize;
4614 data.buf = blk_blockalign(blk, buf_size);
4615 memset(data.buf, pattern, data.nrreq * data.bufsize);
4617 blk_register_buf(blk, data.buf, buf_size);
4619 data.qiov = g_new(QEMUIOVector, data.nrreq);
4620 for (i = 0; i < data.nrreq; i++) {
4621 qemu_iovec_init(&data.qiov[i], 1);
4622 qemu_iovec_add(&data.qiov[i],
4623 data.buf + i * data.bufsize, data.bufsize);
4626 gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
4627 bench_cb(&data, 0);
4629 while (data.n > 0) {
4630 main_loop_wait(false);
4632 gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
4634 printf("Run completed in %3.3f seconds.\n",
4635 (t2.tv_sec - t1.tv_sec)
4636 + ((double)(t2.tv_usec - t1.tv_usec) / 1000000));
4638 out:
4639 if (data.buf) {
4640 blk_unregister_buf(blk, data.buf);
4642 qemu_vfree(data.buf);
4643 blk_unref(blk);
4645 if (ret) {
4646 return 1;
4648 return 0;
4651 enum ImgBitmapAct {
4652 BITMAP_ADD,
4653 BITMAP_REMOVE,
4654 BITMAP_CLEAR,
4655 BITMAP_ENABLE,
4656 BITMAP_DISABLE,
4657 BITMAP_MERGE,
4659 typedef struct ImgBitmapAction {
4660 enum ImgBitmapAct act;
4661 const char *src; /* only used for merge */
4662 QSIMPLEQ_ENTRY(ImgBitmapAction) next;
4663 } ImgBitmapAction;
4665 static int img_bitmap(int argc, char **argv)
4667 Error *err = NULL;
4668 int c, ret = 1;
4669 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
4670 const char *fmt = NULL, *src_fmt = NULL, *src_filename = NULL;
4671 const char *filename, *bitmap;
4672 BlockBackend *blk = NULL, *src = NULL;
4673 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL, *src_bs = NULL;
4674 bool image_opts = false;
4675 int64_t granularity = 0;
4676 bool add = false, merge = false;
4677 QSIMPLEQ_HEAD(, ImgBitmapAction) actions;
4678 ImgBitmapAction *act, *act_next;
4679 const char *op;
4681 QSIMPLEQ_INIT(&actions);
4683 for (;;) {
4684 static const struct option long_options[] = {
4685 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
4686 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
4687 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
4688 {"add", no_argument, 0, OPTION_ADD},
4689 {"remove", no_argument, 0, OPTION_REMOVE},
4690 {"clear", no_argument, 0, OPTION_CLEAR},
4691 {"enable", no_argument, 0, OPTION_ENABLE},
4692 {"disable", no_argument, 0, OPTION_DISABLE},
4693 {"merge", required_argument, 0, OPTION_MERGE},
4694 {"granularity", required_argument, 0, 'g'},
4695 {"source-file", required_argument, 0, 'b'},
4696 {"source-format", required_argument, 0, 'F'},
4697 {0, 0, 0, 0}
4699 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":b:f:F:g:h", long_options, NULL);
4700 if (c == -1) {
4701 break;
4704 switch (c) {
4705 case ':':
4706 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
4707 break;
4708 case '?':
4709 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
4710 break;
4711 case 'h':
4712 help();
4713 break;
4714 case 'b':
4715 src_filename = optarg;
4716 break;
4717 case 'f':
4718 fmt = optarg;
4719 break;
4720 case 'F':
4721 src_fmt = optarg;
4722 break;
4723 case 'g':
4724 granularity = cvtnum("granularity", optarg);
4725 if (granularity < 0) {
4726 return 1;
4728 break;
4729 case OPTION_ADD:
4730 act = g_new0(ImgBitmapAction, 1);
4731 act->act = BITMAP_ADD;
4732 QSIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&actions, act, next);
4733 add = true;
4734 break;
4735 case OPTION_REMOVE:
4736 act = g_new0(ImgBitmapAction, 1);
4737 act->act = BITMAP_REMOVE;
4738 QSIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&actions, act, next);
4739 break;
4740 case OPTION_CLEAR:
4741 act = g_new0(ImgBitmapAction, 1);
4742 act->act = BITMAP_CLEAR;
4743 QSIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&actions, act, next);
4744 break;
4745 case OPTION_ENABLE:
4746 act = g_new0(ImgBitmapAction, 1);
4747 act->act = BITMAP_ENABLE;
4748 QSIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&actions, act, next);
4749 break;
4750 case OPTION_DISABLE:
4751 act = g_new0(ImgBitmapAction, 1);
4752 act->act = BITMAP_DISABLE;
4753 QSIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&actions, act, next);
4754 break;
4755 case OPTION_MERGE:
4756 act = g_new0(ImgBitmapAction, 1);
4757 act->act = BITMAP_MERGE;
4758 act->src = optarg;
4759 QSIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&actions, act, next);
4760 merge = true;
4761 break;
4762 case OPTION_OBJECT:
4763 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts, optarg, true);
4764 if (!opts) {
4765 goto out;
4767 break;
4768 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
4769 image_opts = true;
4770 break;
4774 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
4775 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
4776 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
4777 goto out;
4780 if (QSIMPLEQ_EMPTY(&actions)) {
4781 error_report("Need at least one of --add, --remove, --clear, "
4782 "--enable, --disable, or --merge");
4783 goto out;
4786 if (granularity && !add) {
4787 error_report("granularity only supported with --add");
4788 goto out;
4790 if (src_fmt && !src_filename) {
4791 error_report("-F only supported with -b");
4792 goto out;
4794 if (src_filename && !merge) {
4795 error_report("Merge bitmap source file only supported with "
4796 "--merge");
4797 goto out;
4800 if (optind != argc - 2) {
4801 error_report("Expecting filename and bitmap name");
4802 goto out;
4805 filename = argv[optind];
4806 bitmap = argv[optind + 1];
4809 * No need to open backing chains; we will be manipulating bitmaps
4810 * directly in this image without reference to image contents.
4812 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_NO_BACKING,
4813 false, false, false);
4814 if (!blk) {
4815 goto out;
4817 bs = blk_bs(blk);
4818 if (src_filename) {
4819 src = img_open(false, src_filename, src_fmt, BDRV_O_NO_BACKING,
4820 false, false, false);
4821 if (!src) {
4822 goto out;
4824 src_bs = blk_bs(src);
4825 } else {
4826 src_bs = bs;
4829 QSIMPLEQ_FOREACH_SAFE(act, &actions, next, act_next) {
4830 switch (act->act) {
4831 case BITMAP_ADD:
4832 qmp_block_dirty_bitmap_add(bs->node_name, bitmap,
4833 !!granularity, granularity, true, true,
4834 false, false, &err);
4835 op = "add";
4836 break;
4837 case BITMAP_REMOVE:
4838 qmp_block_dirty_bitmap_remove(bs->node_name, bitmap, &err);
4839 op = "remove";
4840 break;
4841 case BITMAP_CLEAR:
4842 qmp_block_dirty_bitmap_clear(bs->node_name, bitmap, &err);
4843 op = "clear";
4844 break;
4845 case BITMAP_ENABLE:
4846 qmp_block_dirty_bitmap_enable(bs->node_name, bitmap, &err);
4847 op = "enable";
4848 break;
4849 case BITMAP_DISABLE:
4850 qmp_block_dirty_bitmap_disable(bs->node_name, bitmap, &err);
4851 op = "disable";
4852 break;
4853 case BITMAP_MERGE:
4854 do_dirty_bitmap_merge(bs->node_name, bitmap, src_bs->node_name,
4855 act->src, &err);
4856 op = "merge";
4857 break;
4858 default:
4859 g_assert_not_reached();
4862 if (err) {
4863 error_reportf_err(err, "Operation %s on bitmap %s failed: ",
4864 op, bitmap);
4865 goto out;
4867 g_free(act);
4870 ret = 0;
4872 out:
4873 blk_unref(src);
4874 blk_unref(blk);
4875 qemu_opts_del(opts);
4876 return ret;
4879 #define C_BS 01
4880 #define C_COUNT 02
4881 #define C_IF 04
4882 #define C_OF 010
4883 #define C_SKIP 020
4885 struct DdInfo {
4886 unsigned int flags;
4887 int64_t count;
4890 struct DdIo {
4891 int bsz; /* Block size */
4892 char *filename;
4893 uint8_t *buf;
4894 int64_t offset;
4897 struct DdOpts {
4898 const char *name;
4899 int (*f)(const char *, struct DdIo *, struct DdIo *, struct DdInfo *);
4900 unsigned int flag;
4903 static int img_dd_bs(const char *arg,
4904 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4905 struct DdInfo *dd)
4907 int64_t res;
4909 res = cvtnum_full("bs", arg, 1, INT_MAX);
4911 if (res < 0) {
4912 return 1;
4914 in->bsz = out->bsz = res;
4916 return 0;
4919 static int img_dd_count(const char *arg,
4920 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4921 struct DdInfo *dd)
4923 dd->count = cvtnum("count", arg);
4925 if (dd->count < 0) {
4926 return 1;
4929 return 0;
4932 static int img_dd_if(const char *arg,
4933 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4934 struct DdInfo *dd)
4936 in->filename = g_strdup(arg);
4938 return 0;
4941 static int img_dd_of(const char *arg,
4942 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4943 struct DdInfo *dd)
4945 out->filename = g_strdup(arg);
4947 return 0;
4950 static int img_dd_skip(const char *arg,
4951 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4952 struct DdInfo *dd)
4954 in->offset = cvtnum("skip", arg);
4956 if (in->offset < 0) {
4957 return 1;
4960 return 0;
4963 static int img_dd(int argc, char **argv)
4965 int ret = 0;
4966 char *arg = NULL;
4967 char *tmp;
4968 BlockDriver *drv = NULL, *proto_drv = NULL;
4969 BlockBackend *blk1 = NULL, *blk2 = NULL;
4970 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
4971 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
4972 Error *local_err = NULL;
4973 bool image_opts = false;
4974 int c, i;
4975 const char *out_fmt = "raw";
4976 const char *fmt = NULL;
4977 int64_t size = 0;
4978 int64_t block_count = 0, out_pos, in_pos;
4979 bool force_share = false;
4980 struct DdInfo dd = {
4981 .flags = 0,
4982 .count = 0,
4984 struct DdIo in = {
4985 .bsz = 512, /* Block size is by default 512 bytes */
4986 .filename = NULL,
4987 .buf = NULL,
4988 .offset = 0
4990 struct DdIo out = {
4991 .bsz = 512,
4992 .filename = NULL,
4993 .buf = NULL,
4994 .offset = 0
4997 const struct DdOpts options[] = {
4998 { "bs", img_dd_bs, C_BS },
4999 { "count", img_dd_count, C_COUNT },
5000 { "if", img_dd_if, C_IF },
5001 { "of", img_dd_of, C_OF },
5002 { "skip", img_dd_skip, C_SKIP },
5003 { NULL, NULL, 0 }
5005 const struct option long_options[] = {
5006 { "help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
5007 { "object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
5008 { "image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
5009 { "force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
5010 { 0, 0, 0, 0 }
5013 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:O:U", long_options, NULL))) {
5014 if (c == EOF) {
5015 break;
5017 switch (c) {
5018 case 'O':
5019 out_fmt = optarg;
5020 break;
5021 case 'f':
5022 fmt = optarg;
5023 break;
5024 case ':':
5025 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
5026 break;
5027 case '?':
5028 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
5029 break;
5030 case 'h':
5031 help();
5032 break;
5033 case 'U':
5034 force_share = true;
5035 break;
5036 case OPTION_OBJECT:
5037 if (!qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts, optarg, true)) {
5038 ret = -1;
5039 goto out;
5041 break;
5042 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
5043 image_opts = true;
5044 break;
5048 for (i = optind; i < argc; i++) {
5049 int j;
5050 arg = g_strdup(argv[i]);
5052 tmp = strchr(arg, '=');
5053 if (tmp == NULL) {
5054 error_report("unrecognized operand %s", arg);
5055 ret = -1;
5056 goto out;
5059 *tmp++ = '\0';
5061 for (j = 0; options[j].name != NULL; j++) {
5062 if (!strcmp(arg, options[j].name)) {
5063 break;
5066 if (options[j].name == NULL) {
5067 error_report("unrecognized operand %s", arg);
5068 ret = -1;
5069 goto out;
5072 if (options[j].f(tmp, &in, &out, &dd) != 0) {
5073 ret = -1;
5074 goto out;
5076 dd.flags |= options[j].flag;
5077 g_free(arg);
5078 arg = NULL;
5081 if (!(dd.flags & C_IF && dd.flags & C_OF)) {
5082 error_report("Must specify both input and output files");
5083 ret = -1;
5084 goto out;
5087 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
5088 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
5089 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
5090 ret = -1;
5091 goto out;
5094 blk1 = img_open(image_opts, in.filename, fmt, 0, false, false,
5095 force_share);
5097 if (!blk1) {
5098 ret = -1;
5099 goto out;
5102 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
5103 if (!drv) {
5104 error_report("Unknown file format");
5105 ret = -1;
5106 goto out;
5108 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(out.filename, true, &local_err);
5110 if (!proto_drv) {
5111 error_report_err(local_err);
5112 ret = -1;
5113 goto out;
5115 if (!drv->create_opts) {
5116 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation",
5117 drv->format_name);
5118 ret = -1;
5119 goto out;
5121 if (!proto_drv->create_opts) {
5122 error_report("Protocol driver '%s' does not support image creation",
5123 proto_drv->format_name);
5124 ret = -1;
5125 goto out;
5127 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
5128 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
5130 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
5132 size = blk_getlength(blk1);
5133 if (size < 0) {
5134 error_report("Failed to get size for '%s'", in.filename);
5135 ret = -1;
5136 goto out;
5139 if (dd.flags & C_COUNT && dd.count <= INT64_MAX / in.bsz &&
5140 dd.count * in.bsz < size) {
5141 size = dd.count * in.bsz;
5144 /* Overflow means the specified offset is beyond input image's size */
5145 if (dd.flags & C_SKIP && (in.offset > INT64_MAX / in.bsz ||
5146 size < in.bsz * in.offset)) {
5147 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, 0, &error_abort);
5148 } else {
5149 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
5150 size - in.bsz * in.offset, &error_abort);
5153 ret = bdrv_create(drv, out.filename, opts, &local_err);
5154 if (ret < 0) {
5155 error_reportf_err(local_err,
5156 "%s: error while creating output image: ",
5157 out.filename);
5158 ret = -1;
5159 goto out;
5162 /* TODO, we can't honour --image-opts for the target,
5163 * since it needs to be given in a format compatible
5164 * with the bdrv_create() call above which does not
5165 * support image-opts style.
5167 blk2 = img_open_file(out.filename, NULL, out_fmt, BDRV_O_RDWR,
5168 false, false, false);
5170 if (!blk2) {
5171 ret = -1;
5172 goto out;
5175 if (dd.flags & C_SKIP && (in.offset > INT64_MAX / in.bsz ||
5176 size < in.offset * in.bsz)) {
5177 /* We give a warning if the skip option is bigger than the input
5178 * size and create an empty output disk image (i.e. like dd(1)).
5180 error_report("%s: cannot skip to specified offset", in.filename);
5181 in_pos = size;
5182 } else {
5183 in_pos = in.offset * in.bsz;
5186 in.buf = g_new(uint8_t, in.bsz);
5188 for (out_pos = 0; in_pos < size; block_count++) {
5189 int in_ret, out_ret;
5191 if (in_pos + in.bsz > size) {
5192 in_ret = blk_pread(blk1, in_pos, in.buf, size - in_pos);
5193 } else {
5194 in_ret = blk_pread(blk1, in_pos, in.buf, in.bsz);
5196 if (in_ret < 0) {
5197 error_report("error while reading from input image file: %s",
5198 strerror(-in_ret));
5199 ret = -1;
5200 goto out;
5202 in_pos += in_ret;
5204 out_ret = blk_pwrite(blk2, out_pos, in.buf, in_ret, 0);
5206 if (out_ret < 0) {
5207 error_report("error while writing to output image file: %s",
5208 strerror(-out_ret));
5209 ret = -1;
5210 goto out;
5212 out_pos += out_ret;
5215 out:
5216 g_free(arg);
5217 qemu_opts_del(opts);
5218 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
5219 blk_unref(blk1);
5220 blk_unref(blk2);
5221 g_free(in.filename);
5222 g_free(out.filename);
5223 g_free(in.buf);
5224 g_free(out.buf);
5226 if (ret) {
5227 return 1;
5229 return 0;
5232 static void dump_json_block_measure_info(BlockMeasureInfo *info)
5234 GString *str;
5235 QObject *obj;
5236 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
5238 visit_type_BlockMeasureInfo(v, NULL, &info, &error_abort);
5239 visit_complete(v, &obj);
5240 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj, true);
5241 assert(str != NULL);
5242 printf("%s\n", str->str);
5243 qobject_unref(obj);
5244 visit_free(v);
5245 g_string_free(str, true);
5248 static int img_measure(int argc, char **argv)
5250 static const struct option long_options[] = {
5251 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
5252 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
5253 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
5254 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
5255 {"size", required_argument, 0, OPTION_SIZE},
5256 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
5257 {0, 0, 0, 0}
5259 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
5260 BlockBackend *in_blk = NULL;
5261 BlockDriver *drv;
5262 const char *filename = NULL;
5263 const char *fmt = NULL;
5264 const char *out_fmt = "raw";
5265 char *options = NULL;
5266 char *snapshot_name = NULL;
5267 bool force_share = false;
5268 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
5269 QemuOpts *object_opts = NULL;
5270 QemuOpts *sn_opts = NULL;
5271 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
5272 bool image_opts = false;
5273 uint64_t img_size = UINT64_MAX;
5274 BlockMeasureInfo *info = NULL;
5275 Error *local_err = NULL;
5276 int ret = 1;
5277 int c;
5279 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hf:O:o:l:U",
5280 long_options, NULL)) != -1) {
5281 switch (c) {
5282 case '?':
5283 case 'h':
5284 help();
5285 break;
5286 case 'f':
5287 fmt = optarg;
5288 break;
5289 case 'O':
5290 out_fmt = optarg;
5291 break;
5292 case 'o':
5293 if (accumulate_options(&options, optarg) < 0) {
5294 goto out;
5296 break;
5297 case 'l':
5298 if (strstart(optarg, SNAPSHOT_OPT_BASE, NULL)) {
5299 sn_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&internal_snapshot_opts,
5300 optarg, false);
5301 if (!sn_opts) {
5302 error_report("Failed in parsing snapshot param '%s'",
5303 optarg);
5304 goto out;
5306 } else {
5307 snapshot_name = optarg;
5309 break;
5310 case 'U':
5311 force_share = true;
5312 break;
5313 case OPTION_OBJECT:
5314 object_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
5315 optarg, true);
5316 if (!object_opts) {
5317 goto out;
5319 break;
5320 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
5321 image_opts = true;
5322 break;
5323 case OPTION_OUTPUT:
5324 if (!strcmp(optarg, "json")) {
5325 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
5326 } else if (!strcmp(optarg, "human")) {
5327 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
5328 } else {
5329 error_report("--output must be used with human or json "
5330 "as argument.");
5331 goto out;
5333 break;
5334 case OPTION_SIZE:
5336 int64_t sval;
5338 sval = cvtnum("image size", optarg);
5339 if (sval < 0) {
5340 goto out;
5342 img_size = (uint64_t)sval;
5344 break;
5348 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
5349 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
5350 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
5351 goto out;
5354 if (argc - optind > 1) {
5355 error_report("At most one filename argument is allowed.");
5356 goto out;
5357 } else if (argc - optind == 1) {
5358 filename = argv[optind];
5361 if (!filename && (image_opts || fmt || snapshot_name || sn_opts)) {
5362 error_report("--image-opts, -f, and -l require a filename argument.");
5363 goto out;
5365 if (filename && img_size != UINT64_MAX) {
5366 error_report("--size N cannot be used together with a filename.");
5367 goto out;
5369 if (!filename && img_size == UINT64_MAX) {
5370 error_report("Either --size N or one filename must be specified.");
5371 goto out;
5374 if (filename) {
5375 in_blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, 0,
5376 false, false, force_share);
5377 if (!in_blk) {
5378 goto out;
5381 if (sn_opts) {
5382 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp(blk_bs(in_blk),
5383 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_ID),
5384 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_NAME),
5385 &local_err);
5386 } else if (snapshot_name != NULL) {
5387 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp_by_id_or_name(blk_bs(in_blk),
5388 snapshot_name, &local_err);
5390 if (local_err) {
5391 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Failed to load snapshot: ");
5392 goto out;
5396 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
5397 if (!drv) {
5398 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", out_fmt);
5399 goto out;
5401 if (!drv->create_opts) {
5402 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation",
5403 drv->format_name);
5404 goto out;
5407 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
5408 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, bdrv_file.create_opts);
5409 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
5410 if (options) {
5411 if (!qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, &local_err)) {
5412 error_report_err(local_err);
5413 error_report("Invalid options for file format '%s'", out_fmt);
5414 goto out;
5417 if (img_size != UINT64_MAX) {
5418 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, img_size, &error_abort);
5421 info = bdrv_measure(drv, opts, in_blk ? blk_bs(in_blk) : NULL, &local_err);
5422 if (local_err) {
5423 error_report_err(local_err);
5424 goto out;
5427 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
5428 printf("required size: %" PRIu64 "\n", info->required);
5429 printf("fully allocated size: %" PRIu64 "\n", info->fully_allocated);
5430 if (info->has_bitmaps) {
5431 printf("bitmaps size: %" PRIu64 "\n", info->bitmaps);
5433 } else {
5434 dump_json_block_measure_info(info);
5437 ret = 0;
5439 out:
5440 qapi_free_BlockMeasureInfo(info);
5441 qemu_opts_del(object_opts);
5442 qemu_opts_del(opts);
5443 qemu_opts_del(sn_opts);
5444 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
5445 g_free(options);
5446 blk_unref(in_blk);
5447 return ret;
5450 static const img_cmd_t img_cmds[] = {
5451 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
5452 { option, callback },
5453 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
5454 #undef DEF
5455 { NULL, NULL, },
5458 int main(int argc, char **argv)
5460 const img_cmd_t *cmd;
5461 const char *cmdname;
5462 Error *local_error = NULL;
5463 int c;
5464 static const struct option long_options[] = {
5465 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
5466 {"version", no_argument, 0, 'V'},
5467 {"trace", required_argument, NULL, 'T'},
5468 {0, 0, 0, 0}
5471 #ifdef CONFIG_POSIX
5472 signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
5473 #endif
5475 socket_init();
5476 error_init(argv[0]);
5477 module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_TRACE);
5478 qemu_init_exec_dir(argv[0]);
5480 if (qemu_init_main_loop(&local_error)) {
5481 error_report_err(local_error);
5482 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5485 qcrypto_init(&error_fatal);
5487 module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_QOM);
5488 bdrv_init();
5489 if (argc < 2) {
5490 error_exit("Not enough arguments");
5493 qemu_add_opts(&qemu_object_opts);
5494 qemu_add_opts(&qemu_source_opts);
5495 qemu_add_opts(&qemu_trace_opts);
5497 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "+:hVT:", long_options, NULL)) != -1) {
5498 switch (c) {
5499 case ':':
5500 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
5501 return 0;
5502 case '?':
5503 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
5504 return 0;
5505 case 'h':
5506 help();
5507 return 0;
5508 case 'V':
5509 printf(QEMU_IMG_VERSION);
5510 return 0;
5511 case 'T':
5512 trace_opt_parse(optarg);
5513 break;
5517 cmdname = argv[optind];
5519 /* reset getopt_long scanning */
5520 argc -= optind;
5521 if (argc < 1) {
5522 return 0;
5524 argv += optind;
5525 qemu_reset_optind();
5527 if (!trace_init_backends()) {
5528 exit(1);
5530 trace_init_file();
5531 qemu_set_log(LOG_TRACE);
5533 /* find the command */
5534 for (cmd = img_cmds; cmd->name != NULL; cmd++) {
5535 if (!strcmp(cmdname, cmd->name)) {
5536 return cmd->handler(argc, argv);
5540 /* not found */
5541 error_exit("Command not found: %s", cmdname);