1 = How to convert to -device & friends =
3 === Specifying Bus and Address on Bus ===
5 In qdev, each device has a parent bus. Some devices provide one or
6 more buses for children. You can specify a device's parent bus with
9 A device typically has a device address on its parent bus. For buses
10 where this address can be configured, devices provide a bus-specific
13 bus property name value format
14 PCI addr %x.%x (dev.fn, .fn optional)
19 virtio-serial-bus nr %u
21 USB port %d(.%d)* (port.port...)
23 Example: device i440FX-pcihost is on the root bus, and provides a PCI
24 bus named pci.0. To put a FOO device into its slot 4, use -device
25 FOO,bus=/i440FX-pcihost/pci.0,addr=4. The abbreviated form bus=pci.0
26 also works as long as the bus name is unique.
30 A QEMU block device (drive) has a host and a guest part.
32 In the general case, the guest device is connected to a controller
33 device. For instance, the IDE controller provides two IDE buses, each
34 of which can have up to two devices, and each device is a guest part,
35 and is connected to a host part.
37 Except we sometimes lump controller, bus(es) and drive device(s) all
38 together into a single device. For instance, the ISA floppy
39 controller is connected to up to two host drives.
41 The old ways to define block devices define host and guest part
42 together. Sometimes, they can even define a controller device in
43 addition to the block device.
45 The new way keeps the parts separate: you create the host part with
46 -drive, and guest device(s) with -device.
48 The various old ways to define drives all boil down to the common form
50 -drive if=TYPE,bus=BUS,unit=UNIT,OPTS...
52 TYPE, BUS and UNIT identify the controller device, which of its buses
53 to use, and the drive's address on that bus. Details depend on TYPE.
55 Instead of bus=BUS,unit=UNIT, you can also say index=IDX.
57 In the new way, this becomes something like
59 -drive if=none,id=DRIVE-ID,HOST-OPTS...
60 -device DEVNAME,drive=DRIVE-ID,DEV-OPTS...
62 The old OPTS get split into HOST-OPTS and DEV-OPTS as follows:
64 * file, format, snapshot, cache, aio, readonly, rerror, werror go into
67 * cyls, head, secs and trans go into HOST-OPTS. Future work: they
68 should go into DEV-OPTS instead.
70 * serial goes into DEV-OPTS, for devices supporting serial numbers.
71 For other devices, it goes nowhere.
73 * media is special. In the old way, it selects disk vs. CD-ROM with
74 if=ide, if=scsi and if=xen. The new way uses DEVNAME for that.
75 Additionally, readonly=on goes into HOST-OPTS.
77 * addr is special, see if=virtio below.
79 The -device argument differs in detail for each type of drive:
83 -device DEVNAME,drive=DRIVE-ID,bus=IDE-BUS,unit=UNIT
85 where DEVNAME is either ide-hd or ide-cd, IDE-BUS identifies an IDE
86 bus, normally either ide.0 or ide.1, and UNIT is either 0 or 1.
90 The old way implicitly creates SCSI controllers as needed. The new
91 way makes that explicit:
93 -device lsi53c895a,id=ID
95 As for all PCI devices, you can add bus=PCI-BUS,addr=DEVFN to
96 control the PCI device address.
98 This SCSI controller provides a single SCSI bus, named ID.0. Put a
101 -device DEVNAME,drive=DRIVE-ID,bus=ID.0,scsi-id=UNIT
103 where DEVNAME is either scsi-hd, scsi-cd or scsi-generic.
107 -global isa-fdc.driveA=DRIVE-ID
108 -global isa-fdc.driveB=DRIVE-ID
110 This is -global instead of -device, because the floppy controller is
111 created automatically, and we want to configure that one, not create
112 a second one (which isn't possible anyway).
114 Without any -global isa-fdc,... you get an empty driveA and no
115 driveB. You can use -nodefaults to suppress the default driveA, see
120 -device virtio-blk-pci,drive=DRIVE-ID,class=C,vectors=V,ioeventfd=IOEVENTFD
122 This lets you control PCI device class and MSI-X vectors.
124 IOEVENTFD controls whether or not ioeventfd is used for virtqueue
125 notify. It can be set to on (default) or off.
127 As for all PCI devices, you can add bus=PCI-BUS,addr=DEVFN to
128 control the PCI device address. This replaces option addr available
129 with -drive if=virtio.
131 * if=pflash, if=mtd, if=sd, if=xen are not yet available with -device
133 For USB devices, the old way is actually different:
135 -usbdevice disk:format=FMT:FILENAME
137 Provides much less control than -drive's OPTS... The new way fixes
140 -device usb-storage,drive=DRIVE-ID,removable=RMB
142 The removable parameter gives control over the SCSI INQUIRY removable
143 (RMB) bit. USB thumbdrives usually set removable=on, while USB hard
144 disks set removable=off.
146 Bug: usb-storage pretends to be a block device, but it's really a SCSI
147 controller that can serve only a single device, which it creates
148 automatically. The automatic creation guesses what kind of guest part
149 to create from the host part, like -drive if=scsi. Host and guest
150 part are not cleanly separated.
152 === Character Devices ===
154 A QEMU character device has a host and a guest part.
156 The old ways to define character devices define host and guest part
159 The new way keeps the parts separate: you create the host part with
160 -chardev, and the guest device with -device.
162 The various old ways to define a character device are all of the
165 -FOO FOO-OPTS...,LEGACY-CHARDEV
167 where FOO-OPTS... is specific to -FOO, and the host part
168 LEGACY-CHARDEV is the same everywhere.
170 In the new way, this becomes
172 -chardev HOST-OPTS...,id=CHR-ID
173 -device DEVNAME,chardev=CHR-ID,DEV-OPTS...
175 The appropriate DEVNAME depends on the machine type. For type "pc":
177 * -serial becomes -device isa-serial,iobase=IOADDR,irq=IRQ,index=IDX
179 This lets you control I/O ports and IRQs.
181 * -parallel becomes -device isa-parallel,iobase=IOADDR,irq=IRQ,index=IDX
183 This lets you control I/O ports and IRQs.
185 * -usbdevice serial::chardev becomes -device usb-serial,chardev=dev.
187 * -usbdevice braille doesn't support LEGACY-CHARDEV syntax. It always
188 uses "braille". With -device, this useful default is gone, so you
189 have to use something like
191 -device usb-braille,chardev=braille -chardev braille,id=braille
193 LEGACY-CHARDEV translates to -chardev HOST-OPTS... as follows:
195 * null becomes -chardev null
197 * pty, msmouse, wctablet, braille, stdio likewise
199 * vc:WIDTHxHEIGHT becomes -chardev vc,width=WIDTH,height=HEIGHT
201 * vc:<COLS>Cx<ROWS>C becomes -chardev vc,cols=<COLS>,rows=<ROWS>
203 * con: becomes -chardev console
205 * COM<NUM> becomes -chardev serial,path=COM<NUM>
207 * file:FNAME becomes -chardev file,path=FNAME
209 * pipe:FNAME becomes -chardev pipe,path=FNAME
211 * tcp:HOST:PORT,OPTS... becomes -chardev socket,host=HOST,port=PORT,OPTS...
213 * telnet:HOST:PORT,OPTS... becomes
214 -chardev socket,host=HOST,port=PORT,OPTS...,telnet=on
216 * udp:HOST:PORT@LOCALADDR:LOCALPORT becomes
217 -chardev udp,host=HOST,port=PORT,localaddr=LOCALADDR,localport=LOCALPORT
219 * unix:FNAME becomes -chardev socket,path=FNAME
221 * /dev/parportN becomes -chardev parport,file=/dev/parportN
225 * Any other /dev/FNAME becomes -chardev tty,path=/dev/FNAME
227 * mon:LEGACY-CHARDEV is special: it multiplexes the monitor onto the
228 character device defined by LEGACY-CHARDEV. -chardev provides more
229 general multiplexing instead: you can connect up to four users to a
230 single host part. You need to pass mux=on to -chardev to enable
231 switching the input focus.
233 QEMU uses LEGACY-CHARDEV syntax not just to set up guest devices, but
234 also in various other places such as -monitor or -net
235 user,guestfwd=... You can use chardev:CHR-ID in place of
236 LEGACY-CHARDEV to refer to a host part defined with -chardev.
238 === Network Devices ===
240 Host and guest part of network devices have always been separate.
242 The old way to define the guest part looks like this:
244 -net nic,netdev=NET-ID,macaddr=MACADDR,model=MODEL,name=ID,addr=STR,vectors=V
246 Except for USB it looks like this:
248 -usbdevice net:netdev=NET-ID,macaddr=MACADDR,name=ID
250 The new way is -device:
252 -device DEVNAME,netdev=NET-ID,mac=MACADDR,DEV-OPTS...
254 DEVNAME equals MODEL, except for virtio you have to name the virtio
255 device appropriate for the bus (virtio-net-pci for PCI), and for USB
256 you have to use usb-net.
258 The old name=ID parameter becomes the usual id=ID with -device.
260 For PCI devices, you can add bus=PCI-BUS,addr=DEVFN to control the PCI
261 device address, as usual. The old -net nic provides parameter addr
262 for that, which is silently ignored when the NIC is not a PCI device.
264 For virtio-net-pci, you can control whether or not ioeventfd is used for
265 virtqueue notify by setting ioeventfd= to on or off (default).
267 -net nic accepts vectors=V for all models, but it's silently ignored
268 except for virtio-net-pci (model=virtio). With -device, only devices
269 that support it accept it.
271 Not all devices are available with -device at this time. All PCI
272 devices and ne2k_isa are.
274 Some PCI devices aren't available with -net nic, e.g. i82558a.
276 === Graphics Devices ===
278 Host and guest part of graphics devices have always been separate.
280 The old way to define the guest graphics device is -vga VGA. Not all
281 machines support all -vga options.
283 The new way is -device. The mapping from -vga argument to -device
284 depends on the machine type. For machine "pc", it's:
287 cirrus -device cirrus-vga
288 vmware -device vmware-svga
291 disables more than just VGA, see "Default Devices"
293 As for all PCI devices, you can add bus=PCI-BUS,addr=DEVFN to control
294 the PCI device address.
296 -device VGA supports properties bios-offset and bios-size, but they
297 aren't used with machine type "pc".
299 For machine "isapc", it's
302 cirrus not yet available with -device
304 disables more than just VGA, see "Default Devices"
306 Bug: the new way doesn't work for machine types "pc" and "isapc",
307 because it violates obscure device initialization ordering
310 === Audio Devices ===
312 Host and guest part of audio devices have always been separate.
314 The old way to define guest audio devices is -soundhw C1,...
316 The new way is to define each guest audio device separately with
319 Map from -soundhw sound card name to -device:
322 cs4231a -device cs4231a,iobase=IOADDR,irq=IRQ,dma=DMA
323 es1370 -device ES1370
324 gus -device gus,iobase=IOADDR,irq=IRQ,dma=DMA,freq=F
325 hda -device intel-hda,msi=MSI -device hda-duplex
326 sb16 -device sb16,iobase=IOADDR,irq=IRQ,dma=DMA,dma16=DMA16,version=V
327 adlib not yet available with -device
328 pcspk not yet available with -device
330 For PCI devices, you can add bus=PCI-BUS,addr=DEVFN to control the PCI
331 device address, as usual.
335 The old way to define a virtual USB device is -usbdevice DRIVER:OPTS...
337 The new way is -device DEVNAME,DEV-OPTS... Details depend on DRIVER:
339 * ccid -device usb-ccid
340 * keyboard -device usb-kbd
341 * mouse -device usb-mouse
342 * tablet -device usb-tablet
343 * wacom-tablet -device usb-wacom-tablet
344 * host:... See "Host Device Assignment"
345 * disk:... See "Block Devices"
346 * serial:... See "Character Devices"
347 * braille See "Character Devices"
348 * net:... See "Network Devices"
349 * bt:... not yet available with -device
351 === Watchdog Devices ===
353 Host and guest part of watchdog devices have always been separate.
355 The old way to define a guest watchdog device is -watchdog DEVNAME.
356 The new way is -device DEVNAME. For PCI devices, you can add
357 bus=PCI-BUS,addr=DEVFN to control the PCI device address, as usual.
359 === Host Device Assignment ===
361 QEMU supports assigning host PCI devices (qemu-kvm only at this time)
362 and host USB devices. PCI devices can only be assigned with -device:
364 -device vfio-pci,host=ADDR,id=ID
366 The old way to assign a host USB device is
368 -usbdevice host:auto:BUS.ADDR:VID:PRID
370 where any of BUS, ADDR, VID, PRID can be the wildcard *.
374 -device usb-host,hostbus=BUS,hostaddr=ADDR,vendorid=VID,productid=PRID
376 Omitted options match anything, just like the old way's wildcard.
378 === Default Devices ===
380 QEMU creates a number of devices by default, depending on the machine
383 -device DEVNAME... and global DEVNAME... suppress default devices for
386 default device suppressing DEVNAMEs
387 CD-ROM ide-cd, ide-drive, ide-hd, scsi-cd, scsi-hd
388 isa-fdc's driveA floppy, isa-fdc
389 parallel isa-parallel
391 VGA VGA, cirrus-vga, isa-vga, isa-cirrus-vga,
392 vmware-svga, qxl-vga, virtio-vga
393 virtioconsole virtio-serial-pci, virtio-serial
395 The default NIC is connected to a default part created along with it.
396 It is *not* suppressed by configuring a NIC with -device (you may call
397 that a bug). -net and -netdev suppress the default NIC.
399 -nodefaults suppresses all the default devices mentioned above, plus a
400 few other things such as default SD-Card drive and default monitor.