2 * QEMU disk image utility
4 * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
6 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
13 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
16 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
24 #include "qapi-visit.h"
25 #include "qapi/qmp-output-visitor.h"
26 #include "qapi/qmp/qjson.h"
27 #include "qemu-common.h"
28 #include "qemu/option.h"
29 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
30 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
31 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
32 #include "block/block_int.h"
33 #include "block/qapi.h"
42 typedef struct img_cmd_t
{
44 int (*handler
)(int argc
, char **argv
);
49 OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN
= 257,
52 typedef enum OutputFormat
{
57 /* Default to cache=writeback as data integrity is not important for qemu-tcg. */
58 #define BDRV_O_FLAGS BDRV_O_CACHE_WB
59 #define BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE "writeback"
61 static void format_print(void *opaque
, const char *name
)
66 /* Please keep in synch with qemu-img.texi */
67 static void QEMU_NORETURN
help(void)
69 const char *help_msg
=
70 "qemu-img version " QEMU_VERSION
", Copyright (c) 2004-2008 Fabrice Bellard\n"
71 "usage: qemu-img command [command options]\n"
72 "QEMU disk image utility\n"
75 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
77 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
81 "Command parameters:\n"
82 " 'filename' is a disk image filename\n"
83 " 'fmt' is the disk image format. It is guessed automatically in most cases\n"
84 " 'cache' is the cache mode used to write the output disk image, the valid\n"
85 " options are: 'none', 'writeback' (default, except for convert), 'writethrough',\n"
86 " 'directsync' and 'unsafe' (default for convert)\n"
87 " 'size' is the disk image size in bytes. Optional suffixes\n"
88 " 'k' or 'K' (kilobyte, 1024), 'M' (megabyte, 1024k), 'G' (gigabyte, 1024M),\n"
89 " 'T' (terabyte, 1024G), 'P' (petabyte, 1024T) and 'E' (exabyte, 1024P) are\n"
90 " supported. 'b' is ignored.\n"
91 " 'output_filename' is the destination disk image filename\n"
92 " 'output_fmt' is the destination format\n"
93 " 'options' is a comma separated list of format specific options in a\n"
94 " name=value format. Use -o ? for an overview of the options supported by the\n"
96 " '-c' indicates that target image must be compressed (qcow format only)\n"
97 " '-u' enables unsafe rebasing. It is assumed that old and new backing file\n"
98 " match exactly. The image doesn't need a working backing file before\n"
99 " rebasing in this case (useful for renaming the backing file)\n"
100 " '-h' with or without a command shows this help and lists the supported formats\n"
101 " '-p' show progress of command (only certain commands)\n"
102 " '-q' use Quiet mode - do not print any output (except errors)\n"
103 " '-S' indicates the consecutive number of bytes that must contain only zeros\n"
104 " for qemu-img to create a sparse image during conversion\n"
105 " '--output' takes the format in which the output must be done (human or json)\n"
106 " '-n' skips the target volume creation (useful if the volume is created\n"
107 " prior to running qemu-img)\n"
109 "Parameters to check subcommand:\n"
110 " '-r' tries to repair any inconsistencies that are found during the check.\n"
111 " '-r leaks' repairs only cluster leaks, whereas '-r all' fixes all\n"
112 " kinds of errors, with a higher risk of choosing the wrong fix or\n"
113 " hiding corruption that has already occurred.\n"
115 "Parameters to snapshot subcommand:\n"
116 " 'snapshot' is the name of the snapshot to create, apply or delete\n"
117 " '-a' applies a snapshot (revert disk to saved state)\n"
118 " '-c' creates a snapshot\n"
119 " '-d' deletes a snapshot\n"
120 " '-l' lists all snapshots in the given image\n"
122 "Parameters to compare subcommand:\n"
123 " '-f' first image format\n"
124 " '-F' second image format\n"
125 " '-s' run in Strict mode - fail on different image size or sector allocation\n";
127 printf("%s\nSupported formats:", help_msg
);
128 bdrv_iterate_format(format_print
, NULL
);
133 static int GCC_FMT_ATTR(2, 3) qprintf(bool quiet
, const char *fmt
, ...)
139 ret
= vprintf(fmt
, args
);
146 /* XXX: put correct support for win32 */
147 static int read_password(char *buf
, int buf_size
)
150 printf("Password: ");
157 if (i
< (buf_size
- 1))
168 static struct termios oldtty
;
170 static void term_exit(void)
172 tcsetattr (0, TCSANOW
, &oldtty
);
175 static void term_init(void)
182 tty
.c_iflag
&= ~(IGNBRK
|BRKINT
|PARMRK
|ISTRIP
183 |INLCR
|IGNCR
|ICRNL
|IXON
);
184 tty
.c_oflag
|= OPOST
;
185 tty
.c_lflag
&= ~(ECHO
|ECHONL
|ICANON
|IEXTEN
);
186 tty
.c_cflag
&= ~(CSIZE
|PARENB
);
191 tcsetattr (0, TCSANOW
, &tty
);
196 static int read_password(char *buf
, int buf_size
)
201 printf("password: ");
206 ret
= read(0, &ch
, 1);
208 if (errno
== EAGAIN
|| errno
== EINTR
) {
214 } else if (ret
== 0) {
222 if (i
< (buf_size
- 1))
233 static int print_block_option_help(const char *filename
, const char *fmt
)
235 BlockDriver
*drv
, *proto_drv
;
236 QEMUOptionParameter
*create_options
= NULL
;
238 /* Find driver and parse its options */
239 drv
= bdrv_find_format(fmt
);
241 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt
);
245 proto_drv
= bdrv_find_protocol(filename
, true);
247 error_report("Unknown protocol '%s'", filename
);
251 create_options
= append_option_parameters(create_options
,
252 drv
->create_options
);
253 create_options
= append_option_parameters(create_options
,
254 proto_drv
->create_options
);
255 print_option_help(create_options
);
256 free_option_parameters(create_options
);
260 static BlockDriverState
*bdrv_new_open(const char *filename
,
266 BlockDriverState
*bs
;
269 Error
*local_err
= NULL
;
272 bs
= bdrv_new("image");
275 drv
= bdrv_find_format(fmt
);
277 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt
);
284 ret
= bdrv_open(bs
, filename
, NULL
, flags
, drv
, &local_err
);
286 error_report("Could not open '%s': %s", filename
,
287 error_get_pretty(local_err
));
288 error_free(local_err
);
292 if (bdrv_is_encrypted(bs
) && require_io
) {
293 qprintf(quiet
, "Disk image '%s' is encrypted.\n", filename
);
294 if (read_password(password
, sizeof(password
)) < 0) {
295 error_report("No password given");
298 if (bdrv_set_key(bs
, password
) < 0) {
299 error_report("invalid password");
311 static int add_old_style_options(const char *fmt
, QEMUOptionParameter
*list
,
312 const char *base_filename
,
313 const char *base_fmt
)
316 if (set_option_parameter(list
, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE
, base_filename
)) {
317 error_report("Backing file not supported for file format '%s'",
323 if (set_option_parameter(list
, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FMT
, base_fmt
)) {
324 error_report("Backing file format not supported for file "
332 static int img_create(int argc
, char **argv
)
335 uint64_t img_size
= -1;
336 const char *fmt
= "raw";
337 const char *base_fmt
= NULL
;
338 const char *filename
;
339 const char *base_filename
= NULL
;
340 char *options
= NULL
;
341 Error
*local_err
= NULL
;
345 c
= getopt(argc
, argv
, "F:b:f:he6o:q");
358 base_filename
= optarg
;
364 error_report("option -e is deprecated, please use \'-o "
365 "encryption\' instead!");
368 error_report("option -6 is deprecated, please use \'-o "
369 "compat6\' instead!");
380 /* Get the filename */
381 if (optind
>= argc
) {
384 filename
= argv
[optind
++];
386 /* Get image size, if specified */
390 sval
= strtosz_suffix(argv
[optind
++], &end
, STRTOSZ_DEFSUFFIX_B
);
391 if (sval
< 0 || *end
) {
392 if (sval
== -ERANGE
) {
393 error_report("Image size must be less than 8 EiB!");
395 error_report("Invalid image size specified! You may use k, M, "
396 "G, T, P or E suffixes for ");
397 error_report("kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, "
398 "petabytes and exabytes.");
402 img_size
= (uint64_t)sval
;
404 if (optind
!= argc
) {
408 if (options
&& is_help_option(options
)) {
409 return print_block_option_help(filename
, fmt
);
412 bdrv_img_create(filename
, fmt
, base_filename
, base_fmt
,
413 options
, img_size
, BDRV_O_FLAGS
, &local_err
, quiet
);
414 if (error_is_set(&local_err
)) {
415 error_report("%s: %s", filename
, error_get_pretty(local_err
));
416 error_free(local_err
);
423 static void dump_json_image_check(ImageCheck
*check
, bool quiet
)
427 QmpOutputVisitor
*ov
= qmp_output_visitor_new();
429 visit_type_ImageCheck(qmp_output_get_visitor(ov
),
430 &check
, NULL
, &errp
);
431 obj
= qmp_output_get_qobject(ov
);
432 str
= qobject_to_json_pretty(obj
);
434 qprintf(quiet
, "%s\n", qstring_get_str(str
));
436 qmp_output_visitor_cleanup(ov
);
440 static void dump_human_image_check(ImageCheck
*check
, bool quiet
)
442 if (!(check
->corruptions
|| check
->leaks
|| check
->check_errors
)) {
443 qprintf(quiet
, "No errors were found on the image.\n");
445 if (check
->corruptions
) {
446 qprintf(quiet
, "\n%" PRId64
" errors were found on the image.\n"
447 "Data may be corrupted, or further writes to the image "
454 "\n%" PRId64
" leaked clusters were found on the image.\n"
455 "This means waste of disk space, but no harm to data.\n",
459 if (check
->check_errors
) {
462 " internal errors have occurred during the check.\n",
463 check
->check_errors
);
467 if (check
->total_clusters
!= 0 && check
->allocated_clusters
!= 0) {
468 qprintf(quiet
, "%" PRId64
"/%" PRId64
" = %0.2f%% allocated, "
469 "%0.2f%% fragmented, %0.2f%% compressed clusters\n",
470 check
->allocated_clusters
, check
->total_clusters
,
471 check
->allocated_clusters
* 100.0 / check
->total_clusters
,
472 check
->fragmented_clusters
* 100.0 / check
->allocated_clusters
,
473 check
->compressed_clusters
* 100.0 /
474 check
->allocated_clusters
);
477 if (check
->image_end_offset
) {
479 "Image end offset: %" PRId64
"\n", check
->image_end_offset
);
483 static int collect_image_check(BlockDriverState
*bs
,
485 const char *filename
,
490 BdrvCheckResult result
;
492 ret
= bdrv_check(bs
, &result
, fix
);
497 check
->filename
= g_strdup(filename
);
498 check
->format
= g_strdup(bdrv_get_format_name(bs
));
499 check
->check_errors
= result
.check_errors
;
500 check
->corruptions
= result
.corruptions
;
501 check
->has_corruptions
= result
.corruptions
!= 0;
502 check
->leaks
= result
.leaks
;
503 check
->has_leaks
= result
.leaks
!= 0;
504 check
->corruptions_fixed
= result
.corruptions_fixed
;
505 check
->has_corruptions_fixed
= result
.corruptions
!= 0;
506 check
->leaks_fixed
= result
.leaks_fixed
;
507 check
->has_leaks_fixed
= result
.leaks
!= 0;
508 check
->image_end_offset
= result
.image_end_offset
;
509 check
->has_image_end_offset
= result
.image_end_offset
!= 0;
510 check
->total_clusters
= result
.bfi
.total_clusters
;
511 check
->has_total_clusters
= result
.bfi
.total_clusters
!= 0;
512 check
->allocated_clusters
= result
.bfi
.allocated_clusters
;
513 check
->has_allocated_clusters
= result
.bfi
.allocated_clusters
!= 0;
514 check
->fragmented_clusters
= result
.bfi
.fragmented_clusters
;
515 check
->has_fragmented_clusters
= result
.bfi
.fragmented_clusters
!= 0;
516 check
->compressed_clusters
= result
.bfi
.compressed_clusters
;
517 check
->has_compressed_clusters
= result
.bfi
.compressed_clusters
!= 0;
523 * Checks an image for consistency. Exit codes:
525 * 0 - Check completed, image is good
526 * 1 - Check not completed because of internal errors
527 * 2 - Check completed, image is corrupted
528 * 3 - Check completed, image has leaked clusters, but is good otherwise
530 static int img_check(int argc
, char **argv
)
533 OutputFormat output_format
= OFORMAT_HUMAN
;
534 const char *filename
, *fmt
, *output
;
535 BlockDriverState
*bs
;
537 int flags
= BDRV_O_FLAGS
| BDRV_O_CHECK
;
544 int option_index
= 0;
545 static const struct option long_options
[] = {
546 {"help", no_argument
, 0, 'h'},
547 {"format", required_argument
, 0, 'f'},
548 {"repair", no_argument
, 0, 'r'},
549 {"output", required_argument
, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT
},
552 c
= getopt_long(argc
, argv
, "f:hr:q",
553 long_options
, &option_index
);
566 flags
|= BDRV_O_RDWR
;
568 if (!strcmp(optarg
, "leaks")) {
569 fix
= BDRV_FIX_LEAKS
;
570 } else if (!strcmp(optarg
, "all")) {
571 fix
= BDRV_FIX_LEAKS
| BDRV_FIX_ERRORS
;
584 if (optind
!= argc
- 1) {
587 filename
= argv
[optind
++];
589 if (output
&& !strcmp(output
, "json")) {
590 output_format
= OFORMAT_JSON
;
591 } else if (output
&& !strcmp(output
, "human")) {
592 output_format
= OFORMAT_HUMAN
;
594 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
598 bs
= bdrv_new_open(filename
, fmt
, flags
, true, quiet
);
603 check
= g_new0(ImageCheck
, 1);
604 ret
= collect_image_check(bs
, check
, filename
, fmt
, fix
);
606 if (ret
== -ENOTSUP
) {
607 if (output_format
== OFORMAT_HUMAN
) {
608 error_report("This image format does not support checks");
614 if (check
->corruptions_fixed
|| check
->leaks_fixed
) {
615 int corruptions_fixed
, leaks_fixed
;
617 leaks_fixed
= check
->leaks_fixed
;
618 corruptions_fixed
= check
->corruptions_fixed
;
620 if (output_format
== OFORMAT_HUMAN
) {
622 "The following inconsistencies were found and repaired:\n\n"
623 " %" PRId64
" leaked clusters\n"
624 " %" PRId64
" corruptions\n\n"
625 "Double checking the fixed image now...\n",
627 check
->corruptions_fixed
);
630 ret
= collect_image_check(bs
, check
, filename
, fmt
, 0);
632 check
->leaks_fixed
= leaks_fixed
;
633 check
->corruptions_fixed
= corruptions_fixed
;
636 switch (output_format
) {
638 dump_human_image_check(check
, quiet
);
641 dump_json_image_check(check
, quiet
);
645 if (ret
|| check
->check_errors
) {
650 if (check
->corruptions
) {
652 } else if (check
->leaks
) {
659 qapi_free_ImageCheck(check
);
665 static int img_commit(int argc
, char **argv
)
668 const char *filename
, *fmt
, *cache
;
669 BlockDriverState
*bs
;
673 cache
= BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE
;
675 c
= getopt(argc
, argv
, "f:ht:q");
695 if (optind
!= argc
- 1) {
698 filename
= argv
[optind
++];
701 ret
= bdrv_parse_cache_flags(cache
, &flags
);
703 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache
);
707 bs
= bdrv_new_open(filename
, fmt
, flags
, true, quiet
);
711 ret
= bdrv_commit(bs
);
714 qprintf(quiet
, "Image committed.\n");
717 error_report("No disk inserted");
720 error_report("Image is read-only");
723 error_report("Image is already committed");
726 error_report("Error while committing image");
738 * Returns true iff the first sector pointed to by 'buf' contains at least
741 * 'pnum' is set to the number of sectors (including and immediately following
742 * the first one) that are known to be in the same allocated/unallocated state.
744 static int is_allocated_sectors(const uint8_t *buf
, int n
, int *pnum
)
753 is_zero
= buffer_is_zero(buf
, 512);
754 for(i
= 1; i
< n
; i
++) {
756 if (is_zero
!= buffer_is_zero(buf
, 512)) {
765 * Like is_allocated_sectors, but if the buffer starts with a used sector,
766 * up to 'min' consecutive sectors containing zeros are ignored. This avoids
767 * breaking up write requests for only small sparse areas.
769 static int is_allocated_sectors_min(const uint8_t *buf
, int n
, int *pnum
,
773 int num_checked
, num_used
;
779 ret
= is_allocated_sectors(buf
, n
, pnum
);
785 buf
+= BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE
* *pnum
;
787 num_checked
= num_used
;
790 ret
= is_allocated_sectors(buf
, n
, pnum
);
792 buf
+= BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE
* *pnum
;
794 num_checked
+= *pnum
;
796 num_used
= num_checked
;
797 } else if (*pnum
>= min
) {
807 * Compares two buffers sector by sector. Returns 0 if the first sector of both
808 * buffers matches, non-zero otherwise.
810 * pnum is set to the number of sectors (including and immediately following
811 * the first one) that are known to have the same comparison result
813 static int compare_sectors(const uint8_t *buf1
, const uint8_t *buf2
, int n
,
823 res
= !!memcmp(buf1
, buf2
, 512);
824 for(i
= 1; i
< n
; i
++) {
828 if (!!memcmp(buf1
, buf2
, 512) != res
) {
837 #define IO_BUF_SIZE (2 * 1024 * 1024)
839 static int64_t sectors_to_bytes(int64_t sectors
)
841 return sectors
<< BDRV_SECTOR_BITS
;
844 static int64_t sectors_to_process(int64_t total
, int64_t from
)
846 return MIN(total
- from
, IO_BUF_SIZE
>> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS
);
850 * Check if passed sectors are empty (not allocated or contain only 0 bytes)
852 * Returns 0 in case sectors are filled with 0, 1 if sectors contain non-zero
853 * data and negative value on error.
855 * @param bs: Driver used for accessing file
856 * @param sect_num: Number of first sector to check
857 * @param sect_count: Number of sectors to check
858 * @param filename: Name of disk file we are checking (logging purpose)
859 * @param buffer: Allocated buffer for storing read data
860 * @param quiet: Flag for quiet mode
862 static int check_empty_sectors(BlockDriverState
*bs
, int64_t sect_num
,
863 int sect_count
, const char *filename
,
864 uint8_t *buffer
, bool quiet
)
867 ret
= bdrv_read(bs
, sect_num
, buffer
, sect_count
);
869 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
" of %s: %s",
870 sectors_to_bytes(sect_num
), filename
, strerror(-ret
));
873 ret
= is_allocated_sectors(buffer
, sect_count
, &pnum
);
874 if (ret
|| pnum
!= sect_count
) {
875 qprintf(quiet
, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64
"!\n",
876 sectors_to_bytes(ret
? sect_num
: sect_num
+ pnum
));
884 * Compares two images. Exit codes:
886 * 0 - Images are identical
888 * >1 - Error occurred
890 static int img_compare(int argc
, char **argv
)
892 const char *fmt1
= NULL
, *fmt2
= NULL
, *filename1
, *filename2
;
893 BlockDriverState
*bs1
, *bs2
;
894 int64_t total_sectors1
, total_sectors2
;
895 uint8_t *buf1
= NULL
, *buf2
= NULL
;
897 int allocated1
, allocated2
;
898 int ret
= 0; /* return value - 0 Ident, 1 Different, >1 Error */
899 bool progress
= false, quiet
= false, strict
= false;
900 int64_t total_sectors
;
901 int64_t sector_num
= 0;
905 uint64_t progress_base
;
908 c
= getopt(argc
, argv
, "hpf:F:sq");
935 /* Progress is not shown in Quiet mode */
941 if (optind
!= argc
- 2) {
944 filename1
= argv
[optind
++];
945 filename2
= argv
[optind
++];
947 /* Initialize before goto out */
948 qemu_progress_init(progress
, 2.0);
950 bs1
= bdrv_new_open(filename1
, fmt1
, BDRV_O_FLAGS
, true, quiet
);
952 error_report("Can't open file %s", filename1
);
957 bs2
= bdrv_new_open(filename2
, fmt2
, BDRV_O_FLAGS
, true, quiet
);
959 error_report("Can't open file %s", filename2
);
964 buf1
= qemu_blockalign(bs1
, IO_BUF_SIZE
);
965 buf2
= qemu_blockalign(bs2
, IO_BUF_SIZE
);
966 bdrv_get_geometry(bs1
, &bs_sectors
);
967 total_sectors1
= bs_sectors
;
968 bdrv_get_geometry(bs2
, &bs_sectors
);
969 total_sectors2
= bs_sectors
;
970 total_sectors
= MIN(total_sectors1
, total_sectors2
);
971 progress_base
= MAX(total_sectors1
, total_sectors2
);
973 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
975 if (strict
&& total_sectors1
!= total_sectors2
) {
977 qprintf(quiet
, "Strict mode: Image size mismatch!\n");
982 nb_sectors
= sectors_to_process(total_sectors
, sector_num
);
983 if (nb_sectors
<= 0) {
986 allocated1
= bdrv_is_allocated_above(bs1
, NULL
, sector_num
, nb_sectors
,
988 if (allocated1
< 0) {
990 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename1
);
994 allocated2
= bdrv_is_allocated_above(bs2
, NULL
, sector_num
, nb_sectors
,
996 if (allocated2
< 0) {
998 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename2
);
1001 nb_sectors
= MIN(pnum1
, pnum2
);
1003 if (allocated1
== allocated2
) {
1005 ret
= bdrv_read(bs1
, sector_num
, buf1
, nb_sectors
);
1007 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
" of %s:"
1008 " %s", sectors_to_bytes(sector_num
), filename1
,
1013 ret
= bdrv_read(bs2
, sector_num
, buf2
, nb_sectors
);
1015 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1016 " of %s: %s", sectors_to_bytes(sector_num
),
1017 filename2
, strerror(-ret
));
1021 ret
= compare_sectors(buf1
, buf2
, nb_sectors
, &pnum
);
1022 if (ret
|| pnum
!= nb_sectors
) {
1024 qprintf(quiet
, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64
"!\n",
1026 ret
? sector_num
: sector_num
+ pnum
));
1033 qprintf(quiet
, "Strict mode: Offset %" PRId64
1034 " allocation mismatch!\n",
1035 sectors_to_bytes(sector_num
));
1040 ret
= check_empty_sectors(bs1
, sector_num
, nb_sectors
,
1041 filename1
, buf1
, quiet
);
1043 ret
= check_empty_sectors(bs2
, sector_num
, nb_sectors
,
1044 filename2
, buf1
, quiet
);
1049 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
": %s",
1050 sectors_to_bytes(sector_num
), strerror(-ret
));
1055 sector_num
+= nb_sectors
;
1056 qemu_progress_print(((float) nb_sectors
/ progress_base
)*100, 100);
1059 if (total_sectors1
!= total_sectors2
) {
1060 BlockDriverState
*bs_over
;
1061 int64_t total_sectors_over
;
1062 const char *filename_over
;
1064 qprintf(quiet
, "Warning: Image size mismatch!\n");
1065 if (total_sectors1
> total_sectors2
) {
1066 total_sectors_over
= total_sectors1
;
1068 filename_over
= filename1
;
1070 total_sectors_over
= total_sectors2
;
1072 filename_over
= filename2
;
1076 nb_sectors
= sectors_to_process(total_sectors_over
, sector_num
);
1077 if (nb_sectors
<= 0) {
1080 ret
= bdrv_is_allocated_above(bs_over
, NULL
, sector_num
,
1084 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s",
1091 ret
= check_empty_sectors(bs_over
, sector_num
, nb_sectors
,
1092 filename_over
, buf1
, quiet
);
1096 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1097 " of %s: %s", sectors_to_bytes(sector_num
),
1098 filename_over
, strerror(-ret
));
1103 sector_num
+= nb_sectors
;
1104 qemu_progress_print(((float) nb_sectors
/ progress_base
)*100, 100);
1108 qprintf(quiet
, "Images are identical.\n");
1118 qemu_progress_end();
1122 static int img_convert(int argc
, char **argv
)
1124 int c
, ret
= 0, n
, n1
, bs_n
, bs_i
, compress
, cluster_size
,
1125 cluster_sectors
, skip_create
;
1126 int progress
= 0, flags
;
1127 const char *fmt
, *out_fmt
, *cache
, *out_baseimg
, *out_filename
;
1128 BlockDriver
*drv
, *proto_drv
;
1129 BlockDriverState
**bs
= NULL
, *out_bs
= NULL
;
1130 int64_t total_sectors
, nb_sectors
, sector_num
, bs_offset
;
1131 uint64_t bs_sectors
;
1132 uint8_t * buf
= NULL
;
1133 const uint8_t *buf1
;
1134 BlockDriverInfo bdi
;
1135 QEMUOptionParameter
*param
= NULL
, *create_options
= NULL
;
1136 QEMUOptionParameter
*out_baseimg_param
;
1137 char *options
= NULL
;
1138 const char *snapshot_name
= NULL
;
1139 float local_progress
= 0;
1140 int min_sparse
= 8; /* Need at least 4k of zeros for sparse detection */
1142 Error
*local_err
= NULL
;
1151 c
= getopt(argc
, argv
, "f:O:B:s:hce6o:pS:t:qn");
1167 out_baseimg
= optarg
;
1173 error_report("option -e is deprecated, please use \'-o "
1174 "encryption\' instead!");
1177 error_report("option -6 is deprecated, please use \'-o "
1178 "compat6\' instead!");
1184 snapshot_name
= optarg
;
1190 sval
= strtosz_suffix(optarg
, &end
, STRTOSZ_DEFSUFFIX_B
);
1191 if (sval
< 0 || *end
) {
1192 error_report("Invalid minimum zero buffer size for sparse output specified");
1196 min_sparse
= sval
/ BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE
;
1218 bs_n
= argc
- optind
- 1;
1223 out_filename
= argv
[argc
- 1];
1225 /* Initialize before goto out */
1226 qemu_progress_init(progress
, 2.0);
1228 if (options
&& is_help_option(options
)) {
1229 ret
= print_block_option_help(out_filename
, out_fmt
);
1233 if (bs_n
> 1 && out_baseimg
) {
1234 error_report("-B makes no sense when concatenating multiple input "
1240 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
1242 bs
= g_malloc0(bs_n
* sizeof(BlockDriverState
*));
1245 for (bs_i
= 0; bs_i
< bs_n
; bs_i
++) {
1246 bs
[bs_i
] = bdrv_new_open(argv
[optind
+ bs_i
], fmt
, BDRV_O_FLAGS
, true,
1249 error_report("Could not open '%s'", argv
[optind
+ bs_i
]);
1253 bdrv_get_geometry(bs
[bs_i
], &bs_sectors
);
1254 total_sectors
+= bs_sectors
;
1257 if (snapshot_name
!= NULL
) {
1259 error_report("No support for concatenating multiple snapshot");
1263 if (bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp(bs
[0], snapshot_name
) < 0) {
1264 error_report("Failed to load snapshot");
1270 /* Find driver and parse its options */
1271 drv
= bdrv_find_format(out_fmt
);
1273 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", out_fmt
);
1278 proto_drv
= bdrv_find_protocol(out_filename
, true);
1280 error_report("Unknown protocol '%s'", out_filename
);
1285 create_options
= append_option_parameters(create_options
,
1286 drv
->create_options
);
1287 create_options
= append_option_parameters(create_options
,
1288 proto_drv
->create_options
);
1291 param
= parse_option_parameters(options
, create_options
, param
);
1292 if (param
== NULL
) {
1293 error_report("Invalid options for file format '%s'.", out_fmt
);
1298 param
= parse_option_parameters("", create_options
, param
);
1301 set_option_parameter_int(param
, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE
, total_sectors
* 512);
1302 ret
= add_old_style_options(out_fmt
, param
, out_baseimg
, NULL
);
1307 /* Get backing file name if -o backing_file was used */
1308 out_baseimg_param
= get_option_parameter(param
, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE
);
1309 if (out_baseimg_param
) {
1310 out_baseimg
= out_baseimg_param
->value
.s
;
1313 /* Check if compression is supported */
1315 QEMUOptionParameter
*encryption
=
1316 get_option_parameter(param
, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT
);
1317 QEMUOptionParameter
*preallocation
=
1318 get_option_parameter(param
, BLOCK_OPT_PREALLOC
);
1320 if (!drv
->bdrv_write_compressed
) {
1321 error_report("Compression not supported for this file format");
1326 if (encryption
&& encryption
->value
.n
) {
1327 error_report("Compression and encryption not supported at "
1333 if (preallocation
&& preallocation
->value
.s
1334 && strcmp(preallocation
->value
.s
, "off"))
1336 error_report("Compression and preallocation not supported at "
1344 /* Create the new image */
1345 ret
= bdrv_create(drv
, out_filename
, param
, &local_err
);
1347 error_report("%s: error while converting %s: %s",
1348 out_filename
, out_fmt
, error_get_pretty(local_err
));
1349 error_free(local_err
);
1354 flags
= BDRV_O_RDWR
;
1355 ret
= bdrv_parse_cache_flags(cache
, &flags
);
1357 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache
);
1361 out_bs
= bdrv_new_open(out_filename
, out_fmt
, flags
, true, quiet
);
1369 bdrv_get_geometry(bs
[0], &bs_sectors
);
1370 buf
= qemu_blockalign(out_bs
, IO_BUF_SIZE
);
1373 int64_t output_length
= bdrv_getlength(out_bs
);
1374 if (output_length
< 0) {
1375 error_report("unable to get output image length: %s\n",
1376 strerror(-output_length
));
1379 } else if (output_length
< total_sectors
<< BDRV_SECTOR_BITS
) {
1380 error_report("output file is smaller than input file");
1387 ret
= bdrv_get_info(out_bs
, &bdi
);
1389 error_report("could not get block driver info");
1392 cluster_size
= bdi
.cluster_size
;
1393 if (cluster_size
<= 0 || cluster_size
> IO_BUF_SIZE
) {
1394 error_report("invalid cluster size");
1398 cluster_sectors
= cluster_size
>> 9;
1401 nb_sectors
= total_sectors
;
1402 if (nb_sectors
!= 0) {
1403 local_progress
= (float)100 /
1404 (nb_sectors
/ MIN(nb_sectors
, cluster_sectors
));
1412 nb_sectors
= total_sectors
- sector_num
;
1413 if (nb_sectors
<= 0)
1415 if (nb_sectors
>= cluster_sectors
)
1416 n
= cluster_sectors
;
1420 bs_num
= sector_num
- bs_offset
;
1421 assert (bs_num
>= 0);
1424 while (remainder
> 0) {
1426 while (bs_num
== bs_sectors
) {
1428 assert (bs_i
< bs_n
);
1429 bs_offset
+= bs_sectors
;
1430 bdrv_get_geometry(bs
[bs_i
], &bs_sectors
);
1432 /* printf("changing part: sector_num=%" PRId64 ", "
1433 "bs_i=%d, bs_offset=%" PRId64 ", bs_sectors=%" PRId64
1434 "\n", sector_num, bs_i, bs_offset, bs_sectors); */
1436 assert (bs_num
< bs_sectors
);
1438 nlow
= (remainder
> bs_sectors
- bs_num
) ? bs_sectors
- bs_num
: remainder
;
1440 ret
= bdrv_read(bs
[bs_i
], bs_num
, buf2
, nlow
);
1442 error_report("error while reading sector %" PRId64
": %s",
1443 bs_num
, strerror(-ret
));
1452 assert (remainder
== 0);
1454 if (!buffer_is_zero(buf
, n
* BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE
)) {
1455 ret
= bdrv_write_compressed(out_bs
, sector_num
, buf
, n
);
1457 error_report("error while compressing sector %" PRId64
1458 ": %s", sector_num
, strerror(-ret
));
1463 qemu_progress_print(local_progress
, 100);
1465 /* signal EOF to align */
1466 bdrv_write_compressed(out_bs
, 0, NULL
, 0);
1468 int has_zero_init
= bdrv_has_zero_init(out_bs
);
1470 sector_num
= 0; // total number of sectors converted so far
1471 nb_sectors
= total_sectors
- sector_num
;
1472 if (nb_sectors
!= 0) {
1473 local_progress
= (float)100 /
1474 (nb_sectors
/ MIN(nb_sectors
, IO_BUF_SIZE
/ 512));
1478 nb_sectors
= total_sectors
- sector_num
;
1479 if (nb_sectors
<= 0) {
1482 if (nb_sectors
>= (IO_BUF_SIZE
/ 512)) {
1483 n
= (IO_BUF_SIZE
/ 512);
1488 while (sector_num
- bs_offset
>= bs_sectors
) {
1490 assert (bs_i
< bs_n
);
1491 bs_offset
+= bs_sectors
;
1492 bdrv_get_geometry(bs
[bs_i
], &bs_sectors
);
1493 /* printf("changing part: sector_num=%" PRId64 ", bs_i=%d, "
1494 "bs_offset=%" PRId64 ", bs_sectors=%" PRId64 "\n",
1495 sector_num, bs_i, bs_offset, bs_sectors); */
1498 if (n
> bs_offset
+ bs_sectors
- sector_num
) {
1499 n
= bs_offset
+ bs_sectors
- sector_num
;
1502 /* If the output image is being created as a copy on write image,
1503 assume that sectors which are unallocated in the input image
1504 are present in both the output's and input's base images (no
1505 need to copy them). */
1507 ret
= bdrv_is_allocated(bs
[bs_i
], sector_num
- bs_offset
,
1510 error_report("error while reading metadata for sector "
1512 sector_num
- bs_offset
, strerror(-ret
));
1519 /* The next 'n1' sectors are allocated in the input image. Copy
1520 only those as they may be followed by unallocated sectors. */
1526 ret
= bdrv_read(bs
[bs_i
], sector_num
- bs_offset
, buf
, n
);
1528 error_report("error while reading sector %" PRId64
": %s",
1529 sector_num
- bs_offset
, strerror(-ret
));
1532 /* NOTE: at the same time we convert, we do not write zero
1533 sectors to have a chance to compress the image. Ideally, we
1534 should add a specific call to have the info to go faster */
1537 if (!has_zero_init
||
1538 is_allocated_sectors_min(buf1
, n
, &n1
, min_sparse
)) {
1539 ret
= bdrv_write(out_bs
, sector_num
, buf1
, n1
);
1541 error_report("error while writing sector %" PRId64
1542 ": %s", sector_num
, strerror(-ret
));
1550 qemu_progress_print(local_progress
, 100);
1554 qemu_progress_end();
1555 free_option_parameters(create_options
);
1556 free_option_parameters(param
);
1562 for (bs_i
= 0; bs_i
< bs_n
; bs_i
++) {
1564 bdrv_unref(bs
[bs_i
]);
1576 static void dump_snapshots(BlockDriverState
*bs
)
1578 QEMUSnapshotInfo
*sn_tab
, *sn
;
1581 nb_sns
= bdrv_snapshot_list(bs
, &sn_tab
);
1584 printf("Snapshot list:\n");
1585 bdrv_snapshot_dump(fprintf
, stdout
, NULL
);
1587 for(i
= 0; i
< nb_sns
; i
++) {
1589 bdrv_snapshot_dump(fprintf
, stdout
, sn
);
1595 static void dump_json_image_info_list(ImageInfoList
*list
)
1599 QmpOutputVisitor
*ov
= qmp_output_visitor_new();
1601 visit_type_ImageInfoList(qmp_output_get_visitor(ov
),
1602 &list
, NULL
, &errp
);
1603 obj
= qmp_output_get_qobject(ov
);
1604 str
= qobject_to_json_pretty(obj
);
1605 assert(str
!= NULL
);
1606 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str
));
1607 qobject_decref(obj
);
1608 qmp_output_visitor_cleanup(ov
);
1612 static void dump_json_image_info(ImageInfo
*info
)
1616 QmpOutputVisitor
*ov
= qmp_output_visitor_new();
1618 visit_type_ImageInfo(qmp_output_get_visitor(ov
),
1619 &info
, NULL
, &errp
);
1620 obj
= qmp_output_get_qobject(ov
);
1621 str
= qobject_to_json_pretty(obj
);
1622 assert(str
!= NULL
);
1623 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str
));
1624 qobject_decref(obj
);
1625 qmp_output_visitor_cleanup(ov
);
1629 static void dump_human_image_info_list(ImageInfoList
*list
)
1631 ImageInfoList
*elem
;
1634 for (elem
= list
; elem
; elem
= elem
->next
) {
1640 bdrv_image_info_dump(fprintf
, stdout
, elem
->value
);
1644 static gboolean
str_equal_func(gconstpointer a
, gconstpointer b
)
1646 return strcmp(a
, b
) == 0;
1650 * Open an image file chain and return an ImageInfoList
1652 * @filename: topmost image filename
1653 * @fmt: topmost image format (may be NULL to autodetect)
1654 * @chain: true - enumerate entire backing file chain
1655 * false - only topmost image file
1657 * Returns a list of ImageInfo objects or NULL if there was an error opening an
1658 * image file. If there was an error a message will have been printed to
1661 static ImageInfoList
*collect_image_info_list(const char *filename
,
1665 ImageInfoList
*head
= NULL
;
1666 ImageInfoList
**last
= &head
;
1667 GHashTable
*filenames
;
1670 filenames
= g_hash_table_new_full(g_str_hash
, str_equal_func
, NULL
, NULL
);
1673 BlockDriverState
*bs
;
1675 ImageInfoList
*elem
;
1677 if (g_hash_table_lookup_extended(filenames
, filename
, NULL
, NULL
)) {
1678 error_report("Backing file '%s' creates an infinite loop.",
1682 g_hash_table_insert(filenames
, (gpointer
)filename
, NULL
);
1684 bs
= bdrv_new_open(filename
, fmt
, BDRV_O_FLAGS
| BDRV_O_NO_BACKING
,
1690 bdrv_query_image_info(bs
, &info
, &err
);
1691 if (error_is_set(&err
)) {
1692 error_report("%s", error_get_pretty(err
));
1697 elem
= g_new0(ImageInfoList
, 1);
1704 filename
= fmt
= NULL
;
1706 if (info
->has_full_backing_filename
) {
1707 filename
= info
->full_backing_filename
;
1708 } else if (info
->has_backing_filename
) {
1709 filename
= info
->backing_filename
;
1711 if (info
->has_backing_filename_format
) {
1712 fmt
= info
->backing_filename_format
;
1716 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames
);
1720 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(head
);
1721 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames
);
1725 static int img_info(int argc
, char **argv
)
1728 OutputFormat output_format
= OFORMAT_HUMAN
;
1730 const char *filename
, *fmt
, *output
;
1731 ImageInfoList
*list
;
1736 int option_index
= 0;
1737 static const struct option long_options
[] = {
1738 {"help", no_argument
, 0, 'h'},
1739 {"format", required_argument
, 0, 'f'},
1740 {"output", required_argument
, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT
},
1741 {"backing-chain", no_argument
, 0, OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN
},
1744 c
= getopt_long(argc
, argv
, "f:h",
1745 long_options
, &option_index
);
1760 case OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN
:
1765 if (optind
!= argc
- 1) {
1768 filename
= argv
[optind
++];
1770 if (output
&& !strcmp(output
, "json")) {
1771 output_format
= OFORMAT_JSON
;
1772 } else if (output
&& !strcmp(output
, "human")) {
1773 output_format
= OFORMAT_HUMAN
;
1774 } else if (output
) {
1775 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
1779 list
= collect_image_info_list(filename
, fmt
, chain
);
1784 switch (output_format
) {
1786 dump_human_image_info_list(list
);
1790 dump_json_image_info_list(list
);
1792 dump_json_image_info(list
->value
);
1797 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(list
);
1801 static int img_update(int argc
, char **argv
)
1804 const char *filename
, *fmt
;
1805 BlockDriverState
*bs
;
1809 c
= getopt(argc
, argv
, "f:h");
1824 filename
= argv
[optind
++];
1826 bs
= bdrv_new_open(filename
, fmt
,
1827 BDRV_O_FLAGS
| BDRV_O_NO_BACKING
| BDRV_O_RDWR
,
1833 if (bs
->drv
->bdrv_update
==NULL
) {
1834 error_report("the 'update' command is not supported for the "
1835 "'%s' image format.", bdrv_get_format_name(bs
));
1838 bs
->drv
->bdrv_update(bs
, argc
-optind
, &argv
[optind
]);
1844 typedef struct MapEntry
{
1850 BlockDriverState
*bs
;
1853 static void dump_map_entry(OutputFormat output_format
, MapEntry
*e
,
1856 switch (output_format
) {
1858 if ((e
->flags
& BDRV_BLOCK_DATA
) &&
1859 !(e
->flags
& BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID
)) {
1860 error_report("File contains external, encrypted or compressed clusters.");
1863 if ((e
->flags
& (BDRV_BLOCK_DATA
|BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO
)) == BDRV_BLOCK_DATA
) {
1864 printf("%#-16"PRIx64
"%#-16"PRIx64
"%#-16"PRIx64
"%s\n",
1865 e
->start
, e
->length
, e
->offset
, e
->bs
->filename
);
1867 /* This format ignores the distinction between 0, ZERO and ZERO|DATA.
1868 * Modify the flags here to allow more coalescing.
1871 (next
->flags
& (BDRV_BLOCK_DATA
|BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO
)) != BDRV_BLOCK_DATA
) {
1872 next
->flags
&= ~BDRV_BLOCK_DATA
;
1873 next
->flags
|= BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO
;
1877 printf("%s{ \"start\": %"PRId64
", \"length\": %"PRId64
", \"depth\": %d,"
1878 " \"zero\": %s, \"data\": %s",
1879 (e
->start
== 0 ? "[" : ",\n"),
1880 e
->start
, e
->length
, e
->depth
,
1881 (e
->flags
& BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO
) ? "true" : "false",
1882 (e
->flags
& BDRV_BLOCK_DATA
) ? "true" : "false");
1883 if (e
->flags
& BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID
) {
1884 printf(", \"offset\": %"PRId64
"", e
->offset
);
1895 static int get_block_status(BlockDriverState
*bs
, int64_t sector_num
,
1896 int nb_sectors
, MapEntry
*e
)
1901 /* As an optimization, we could cache the current range of unallocated
1902 * clusters in each file of the chain, and avoid querying the same
1908 ret
= bdrv_get_block_status(bs
, sector_num
, nb_sectors
, &nb_sectors
);
1913 if (ret
& (BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO
|BDRV_BLOCK_DATA
)) {
1916 bs
= bs
->backing_hd
;
1925 e
->start
= sector_num
* BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE
;
1926 e
->length
= nb_sectors
* BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE
;
1927 e
->flags
= ret
& ~BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_MASK
;
1928 e
->offset
= ret
& BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_MASK
;
1934 static int img_map(int argc
, char **argv
)
1937 OutputFormat output_format
= OFORMAT_HUMAN
;
1938 BlockDriverState
*bs
;
1939 const char *filename
, *fmt
, *output
;
1941 MapEntry curr
= { .length
= 0 }, next
;
1947 int option_index
= 0;
1948 static const struct option long_options
[] = {
1949 {"help", no_argument
, 0, 'h'},
1950 {"format", required_argument
, 0, 'f'},
1951 {"output", required_argument
, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT
},
1954 c
= getopt_long(argc
, argv
, "f:h",
1955 long_options
, &option_index
);
1972 if (optind
>= argc
) {
1975 filename
= argv
[optind
++];
1977 if (output
&& !strcmp(output
, "json")) {
1978 output_format
= OFORMAT_JSON
;
1979 } else if (output
&& !strcmp(output
, "human")) {
1980 output_format
= OFORMAT_HUMAN
;
1981 } else if (output
) {
1982 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
1986 bs
= bdrv_new_open(filename
, fmt
, BDRV_O_FLAGS
, true, false);
1991 if (output_format
== OFORMAT_HUMAN
) {
1992 printf("%-16s%-16s%-16s%s\n", "Offset", "Length", "Mapped to", "File");
1995 length
= bdrv_getlength(bs
);
1996 while (curr
.start
+ curr
.length
< length
) {
1997 int64_t nsectors_left
;
2001 sector_num
= (curr
.start
+ curr
.length
) >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS
;
2003 /* Probe up to 1 GiB at a time. */
2004 nsectors_left
= DIV_ROUND_UP(length
, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE
) - sector_num
;
2005 n
= MIN(1 << (30 - BDRV_SECTOR_BITS
), nsectors_left
);
2006 ret
= get_block_status(bs
, sector_num
, n
, &next
);
2009 error_report("Could not read file metadata: %s", strerror(-ret
));
2013 if (curr
.length
!= 0 && curr
.flags
== next
.flags
&&
2014 curr
.depth
== next
.depth
&&
2015 ((curr
.flags
& BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID
) == 0 ||
2016 curr
.offset
+ curr
.length
== next
.offset
)) {
2017 curr
.length
+= next
.length
;
2021 if (curr
.length
> 0) {
2022 dump_map_entry(output_format
, &curr
, &next
);
2027 dump_map_entry(output_format
, &curr
, NULL
);
2034 #define SNAPSHOT_LIST 1
2035 #define SNAPSHOT_CREATE 2
2036 #define SNAPSHOT_APPLY 3
2037 #define SNAPSHOT_DELETE 4
2039 static int img_snapshot(int argc
, char **argv
)
2041 BlockDriverState
*bs
;
2042 QEMUSnapshotInfo sn
;
2043 char *filename
, *snapshot_name
= NULL
;
2044 int c
, ret
= 0, bdrv_oflags
;
2050 bdrv_oflags
= BDRV_O_FLAGS
| BDRV_O_RDWR
;
2051 /* Parse commandline parameters */
2053 c
= getopt(argc
, argv
, "la:c:d:hq");
2067 action
= SNAPSHOT_LIST
;
2068 bdrv_oflags
&= ~BDRV_O_RDWR
; /* no need for RW */
2075 action
= SNAPSHOT_APPLY
;
2076 snapshot_name
= optarg
;
2083 action
= SNAPSHOT_CREATE
;
2084 snapshot_name
= optarg
;
2091 action
= SNAPSHOT_DELETE
;
2092 snapshot_name
= optarg
;
2100 if (optind
!= argc
- 1) {
2103 filename
= argv
[optind
++];
2105 /* Open the image */
2106 bs
= bdrv_new_open(filename
, NULL
, bdrv_oflags
, true, quiet
);
2111 /* Perform the requested action */
2117 case SNAPSHOT_CREATE
:
2118 memset(&sn
, 0, sizeof(sn
));
2119 pstrcpy(sn
.name
, sizeof(sn
.name
), snapshot_name
);
2121 qemu_gettimeofday(&tv
);
2122 sn
.date_sec
= tv
.tv_sec
;
2123 sn
.date_nsec
= tv
.tv_usec
* 1000;
2125 ret
= bdrv_snapshot_create(bs
, &sn
);
2127 error_report("Could not create snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
2128 snapshot_name
, ret
, strerror(-ret
));
2132 case SNAPSHOT_APPLY
:
2133 ret
= bdrv_snapshot_goto(bs
, snapshot_name
);
2135 error_report("Could not apply snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
2136 snapshot_name
, ret
, strerror(-ret
));
2140 case SNAPSHOT_DELETE
:
2141 bdrv_snapshot_delete_by_id_or_name(bs
, snapshot_name
, &err
);
2142 if (error_is_set(&err
)) {
2143 error_report("Could not delete snapshot '%s': (%s)",
2144 snapshot_name
, error_get_pretty(err
));
2159 static int img_rebase(int argc
, char **argv
)
2161 BlockDriverState
*bs
, *bs_old_backing
= NULL
, *bs_new_backing
= NULL
;
2162 BlockDriver
*old_backing_drv
, *new_backing_drv
;
2164 const char *fmt
, *cache
, *out_basefmt
, *out_baseimg
;
2169 Error
*local_err
= NULL
;
2171 /* Parse commandline parameters */
2173 cache
= BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE
;
2177 c
= getopt(argc
, argv
, "uhf:F:b:pt:q");
2190 out_basefmt
= optarg
;
2193 out_baseimg
= optarg
;
2214 if ((optind
!= argc
- 1) || (!unsafe
&& !out_baseimg
)) {
2217 filename
= argv
[optind
++];
2219 qemu_progress_init(progress
, 2.0);
2220 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
2222 flags
= BDRV_O_RDWR
| (unsafe
? BDRV_O_NO_BACKING
: 0);
2223 ret
= bdrv_parse_cache_flags(cache
, &flags
);
2225 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache
);
2232 * Ignore the old backing file for unsafe rebase in case we want to correct
2233 * the reference to a renamed or moved backing file.
2235 bs
= bdrv_new_open(filename
, fmt
, flags
, true, quiet
);
2240 /* Find the right drivers for the backing files */
2241 old_backing_drv
= NULL
;
2242 new_backing_drv
= NULL
;
2244 if (!unsafe
&& bs
->backing_format
[0] != '\0') {
2245 old_backing_drv
= bdrv_find_format(bs
->backing_format
);
2246 if (old_backing_drv
== NULL
) {
2247 error_report("Invalid format name: '%s'", bs
->backing_format
);
2253 if (out_basefmt
!= NULL
) {
2254 new_backing_drv
= bdrv_find_format(out_basefmt
);
2255 if (new_backing_drv
== NULL
) {
2256 error_report("Invalid format name: '%s'", out_basefmt
);
2262 /* For safe rebasing we need to compare old and new backing file */
2264 /* Make the compiler happy */
2265 bs_old_backing
= NULL
;
2266 bs_new_backing
= NULL
;
2268 char backing_name
[1024];
2270 bs_old_backing
= bdrv_new("old_backing");
2271 bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs
, backing_name
, sizeof(backing_name
));
2272 ret
= bdrv_open(bs_old_backing
, backing_name
, NULL
, BDRV_O_FLAGS
,
2273 old_backing_drv
, &local_err
);
2275 error_report("Could not open old backing file '%s': %s",
2276 backing_name
, error_get_pretty(local_err
));
2277 error_free(local_err
);
2280 if (out_baseimg
[0]) {
2281 bs_new_backing
= bdrv_new("new_backing");
2282 ret
= bdrv_open(bs_new_backing
, out_baseimg
, NULL
, BDRV_O_FLAGS
,
2283 new_backing_drv
, &local_err
);
2285 error_report("Could not open new backing file '%s': %s",
2286 out_baseimg
, error_get_pretty(local_err
));
2287 error_free(local_err
);
2294 * Check each unallocated cluster in the COW file. If it is unallocated,
2295 * accesses go to the backing file. We must therefore compare this cluster
2296 * in the old and new backing file, and if they differ we need to copy it
2297 * from the old backing file into the COW file.
2299 * If qemu-img crashes during this step, no harm is done. The content of
2300 * the image is the same as the original one at any time.
2303 uint64_t num_sectors
;
2304 uint64_t old_backing_num_sectors
;
2305 uint64_t new_backing_num_sectors
= 0;
2310 float local_progress
= 0;
2312 buf_old
= qemu_blockalign(bs
, IO_BUF_SIZE
);
2313 buf_new
= qemu_blockalign(bs
, IO_BUF_SIZE
);
2315 bdrv_get_geometry(bs
, &num_sectors
);
2316 bdrv_get_geometry(bs_old_backing
, &old_backing_num_sectors
);
2317 if (bs_new_backing
) {
2318 bdrv_get_geometry(bs_new_backing
, &new_backing_num_sectors
);
2321 if (num_sectors
!= 0) {
2322 local_progress
= (float)100 /
2323 (num_sectors
/ MIN(num_sectors
, IO_BUF_SIZE
/ 512));
2326 for (sector
= 0; sector
< num_sectors
; sector
+= n
) {
2328 /* How many sectors can we handle with the next read? */
2329 if (sector
+ (IO_BUF_SIZE
/ 512) <= num_sectors
) {
2330 n
= (IO_BUF_SIZE
/ 512);
2332 n
= num_sectors
- sector
;
2335 /* If the cluster is allocated, we don't need to take action */
2336 ret
= bdrv_is_allocated(bs
, sector
, n
, &n
);
2338 error_report("error while reading image metadata: %s",
2347 * Read old and new backing file and take into consideration that
2348 * backing files may be smaller than the COW image.
2350 if (sector
>= old_backing_num_sectors
) {
2351 memset(buf_old
, 0, n
* BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE
);
2353 if (sector
+ n
> old_backing_num_sectors
) {
2354 n
= old_backing_num_sectors
- sector
;
2357 ret
= bdrv_read(bs_old_backing
, sector
, buf_old
, n
);
2359 error_report("error while reading from old backing file");
2364 if (sector
>= new_backing_num_sectors
|| !bs_new_backing
) {
2365 memset(buf_new
, 0, n
* BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE
);
2367 if (sector
+ n
> new_backing_num_sectors
) {
2368 n
= new_backing_num_sectors
- sector
;
2371 ret
= bdrv_read(bs_new_backing
, sector
, buf_new
, n
);
2373 error_report("error while reading from new backing file");
2378 /* If they differ, we need to write to the COW file */
2379 uint64_t written
= 0;
2381 while (written
< n
) {
2384 if (compare_sectors(buf_old
+ written
* 512,
2385 buf_new
+ written
* 512, n
- written
, &pnum
))
2387 ret
= bdrv_write(bs
, sector
+ written
,
2388 buf_old
+ written
* 512, pnum
);
2390 error_report("Error while writing to COW image: %s",
2398 qemu_progress_print(local_progress
, 100);
2401 qemu_vfree(buf_old
);
2402 qemu_vfree(buf_new
);
2406 * Change the backing file. All clusters that are different from the old
2407 * backing file are overwritten in the COW file now, so the visible content
2408 * doesn't change when we switch the backing file.
2410 if (out_baseimg
&& *out_baseimg
) {
2411 ret
= bdrv_change_backing_file(bs
, out_baseimg
, out_basefmt
);
2413 ret
= bdrv_change_backing_file(bs
, NULL
, NULL
);
2416 if (ret
== -ENOSPC
) {
2417 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': No "
2418 "space left in the file header", out_baseimg
);
2419 } else if (ret
< 0) {
2420 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': %s",
2421 out_baseimg
, strerror(-ret
));
2424 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
2426 * TODO At this point it is possible to check if any clusters that are
2427 * allocated in the COW file are the same in the backing file. If so, they
2428 * could be dropped from the COW file. Don't do this before switching the
2429 * backing file, in case of a crash this would lead to corruption.
2432 qemu_progress_end();
2435 if (bs_old_backing
!= NULL
) {
2436 bdrv_unref(bs_old_backing
);
2438 if (bs_new_backing
!= NULL
) {
2439 bdrv_unref(bs_new_backing
);
2450 static int img_resize(int argc
, char **argv
)
2452 int c
, ret
, relative
;
2453 const char *filename
, *fmt
, *size
;
2454 int64_t n
, total_size
;
2456 BlockDriverState
*bs
= NULL
;
2458 static QemuOptsList resize_options
= {
2459 .name
= "resize_options",
2460 .head
= QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(resize_options
.head
),
2463 .name
= BLOCK_OPT_SIZE
,
2464 .type
= QEMU_OPT_SIZE
,
2465 .help
= "Virtual disk size"
2472 /* Remove size from argv manually so that negative numbers are not treated
2473 * as options by getopt. */
2479 size
= argv
[--argc
];
2481 /* Parse getopt arguments */
2484 c
= getopt(argc
, argv
, "f:hq");
2501 if (optind
!= argc
- 1) {
2504 filename
= argv
[optind
++];
2506 /* Choose grow, shrink, or absolute resize mode */
2522 param
= qemu_opts_create_nofail(&resize_options
);
2523 if (qemu_opt_set(param
, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE
, size
)) {
2524 /* Error message already printed when size parsing fails */
2526 qemu_opts_del(param
);
2529 n
= qemu_opt_get_size(param
, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE
, 0);
2530 qemu_opts_del(param
);
2532 bs
= bdrv_new_open(filename
, fmt
, BDRV_O_FLAGS
| BDRV_O_RDWR
, true, quiet
);
2539 total_size
= bdrv_getlength(bs
) + n
* relative
;
2543 if (total_size
<= 0) {
2544 error_report("New image size must be positive");
2549 ret
= bdrv_truncate(bs
, total_size
);
2552 qprintf(quiet
, "Image resized.\n");
2555 error_report("This image does not support resize");
2558 error_report("Image is read-only");
2561 error_report("Error resizing image (%d)", -ret
);
2574 static int img_amend(int argc
, char **argv
)
2577 char *options
= NULL
;
2578 QEMUOptionParameter
*create_options
= NULL
, *options_param
= NULL
;
2579 const char *fmt
= NULL
, *filename
;
2581 BlockDriverState
*bs
= NULL
;
2584 c
= getopt(argc
, argv
, "hqf:o:");
2606 if (optind
!= argc
- 1) {
2614 filename
= argv
[argc
- 1];
2616 bs
= bdrv_new_open(filename
, fmt
, BDRV_O_FLAGS
| BDRV_O_RDWR
, true, quiet
);
2618 error_report("Could not open image '%s'", filename
);
2623 fmt
= bs
->drv
->format_name
;
2625 if (is_help_option(options
)) {
2626 ret
= print_block_option_help(filename
, fmt
);
2630 create_options
= append_option_parameters(create_options
,
2631 bs
->drv
->create_options
);
2632 options_param
= parse_option_parameters(options
, create_options
,
2634 if (options_param
== NULL
) {
2635 error_report("Invalid options for file format '%s'", fmt
);
2640 ret
= bdrv_amend_options(bs
, options_param
);
2642 error_report("Error while amending options: %s", strerror(-ret
));
2650 free_option_parameters(create_options
);
2651 free_option_parameters(options_param
);
2658 static const img_cmd_t img_cmds
[] = {
2659 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
2660 { option, callback },
2661 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
2667 int main(int argc
, char **argv
)
2669 const img_cmd_t
*cmd
;
2670 const char *cmdname
;
2673 signal(SIGPIPE
, SIG_IGN
);
2676 error_set_progname(argv
[0]);
2678 qemu_init_main_loop();
2685 /* find the command */
2686 for(cmd
= img_cmds
; cmd
->name
!= NULL
; cmd
++) {
2687 if (!strcmp(cmdname
, cmd
->name
)) {
2688 return cmd
->handler(argc
, argv
);