6 QEMU supports working with gdb via gdb's remote-connection facility
7 (the "gdbstub"). This allows you to debug guest code in the same
8 way that you might with a low-level debug facility like JTAG
9 on real hardware. You can stop and start the virtual machine,
10 examine state like registers and memory, and set breakpoints and
13 In order to use gdb, launch QEMU with the ``-s`` and ``-S`` options.
14 The ``-s`` option will make QEMU listen for an incoming connection
15 from gdb on TCP port 1234, and ``-S`` will make QEMU not start the
16 guest until you tell it to from gdb. (If you want to specify which
17 TCP port to use or to use something other than TCP for the gdbstub
18 connection, use the ``-gdb dev`` option instead of ``-s``.)
22 |qemu_system| -s -S -kernel bzImage -hda rootdisk.img -append "root=/dev/hda"
24 QEMU will launch but will silently wait for gdb to connect.
26 Then launch gdb on the 'vmlinux' executable::
30 In gdb, connect to QEMU::
32 (gdb) target remote localhost:1234
34 Then you can use gdb normally. For example, type 'c' to launch the
39 Here are some useful tips in order to use gdb on system code:
41 1. Use ``info reg`` to display all the CPU registers.
43 2. Use ``x/10i $eip`` to display the code at the PC position.
45 3. Use ``set architecture i8086`` to dump 16 bit code. Then use
46 ``x/10i $cs*16+$eip`` to dump the code at the PC position.
48 Advanced debugging options:
50 The default single stepping behavior is step with the IRQs and timer
51 service routines off. It is set this way because when gdb executes a
52 single step it expects to advance beyond the current instruction. With
53 the IRQs and timer service routines on, a single step might jump into
54 the one of the interrupt or exception vectors instead of executing the
55 current instruction. This means you may hit the same breakpoint a number
56 of times before executing the instruction gdb wants to have executed.
57 Because there are rare circumstances where you want to single step into
58 an interrupt vector the behavior can be controlled from GDB. There are
59 three commands you can query and set the single step behavior:
61 ``maintenance packet qqemu.sstepbits``
62 This will display the MASK bits used to control the single stepping
67 (gdb) maintenance packet qqemu.sstepbits
68 sending: "qqemu.sstepbits"
69 received: "ENABLE=1,NOIRQ=2,NOTIMER=4"
71 ``maintenance packet qqemu.sstep``
72 This will display the current value of the mask used when single
77 (gdb) maintenance packet qqemu.sstep
78 sending: "qqemu.sstep"
81 ``maintenance packet Qqemu.sstep=HEX_VALUE``
82 This will change the single step mask, so if wanted to enable IRQs on
83 the single step, but not timers, you would use:
87 (gdb) maintenance packet Qqemu.sstep=0x5
88 sending: "qemu.sstep=0x5"
92 Another feature that QEMU gdbstub provides is to toggle the memory GDB
93 works with, by default GDB will show the current process memory respecting
94 the virtual address translation.
96 If you want to examine/change the physical memory you can set the gdbstub
97 to work with the physical memory rather with the virtual one.
99 The memory mode can be checked by sending the following command:
101 ``maintenance packet qqemu.PhyMemMode``
102 This will return either 0 or 1, 1 indicates you are currently in the
103 physical memory mode.
105 ``maintenance packet Qqemu.PhyMemMode:1``
106 This will change the memory mode to physical memory.
108 ``maintenance packet Qqemu.PhyMemMode:0``
109 This will change it back to normal memory mode.