5 What follows is a record of recently removed, formerly deprecated
6 features that serves as a record for users who have encountered
7 trouble after a recent upgrade.
9 System emulator command line arguments
10 --------------------------------------
12 ``-net ...,name=``\ *name* (removed in 5.1)
13 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
15 The ``name`` parameter of the ``-net`` option was a synonym
16 for the ``id`` parameter, which should now be used instead.
18 ``-no-kvm`` (removed in 5.2)
19 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
21 The ``-no-kvm`` argument was a synonym for setting ``-machine accel=tcg``.
23 ``-realtime`` (removed in 6.0)
24 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
26 The ``-realtime mlock=on|off`` argument has been replaced by the
27 ``-overcommit mem-lock=on|off`` argument.
29 ``-show-cursor`` option (removed in 6.0)
30 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
32 Use ``-display sdl,show-cursor=on``, ``-display gtk,show-cursor=on``
33 or ``-display default,show-cursor=on`` instead.
35 ``-tb-size`` option (removed in 6.0)
36 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
38 QEMU 5.0 introduced an alternative syntax to specify the size of the translation
39 block cache, ``-accel tcg,tb-size=``.
41 ``-usbdevice audio`` (removed in 6.0)
42 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
44 This option lacked the possibility to specify an audio backend device.
45 Use ``-device usb-audio`` now instead (and specify a corresponding USB
46 host controller or ``-usb`` if necessary).
48 ``-vnc acl`` (removed in 6.0)
49 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
51 The ``acl`` option to the ``-vnc`` argument has been replaced
52 by the ``tls-authz`` and ``sasl-authz`` options.
54 ``-mon ...,control=readline,pretty=on|off`` (removed in 6.0)
55 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
57 The ``pretty=on|off`` switch has no effect for HMP monitors and
60 ``-drive file=json:{...{'driver':'file'}}`` (removed 6.0)
61 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
63 The 'file' driver for drives is no longer appropriate for character or host
64 devices and will only accept regular files (S_IFREG). The correct driver
65 for these file types is 'host_cdrom' or 'host_device' as appropriate.
67 Floppy controllers' drive properties (removed in 6.0)
68 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
70 Use ``-device floppy,...`` instead. When configuring onboard floppy
74 -global isa-fdc.driveA=...
75 -global sysbus-fdc.driveA=...
76 -global SUNW,fdtwo.drive=...
81 -device floppy,unit=0,drive=...
86 -global isa-fdc.driveB=...
87 -global sysbus-fdc.driveB=...
92 -device floppy,unit=1,drive=...
94 When plugging in a floppy controller
97 -device isa-fdc,...,driveA=...
103 -device floppy,unit=0,drive=...
108 -device isa-fdc,...,driveB=...
114 -device floppy,unit=1,drive=...
116 ``-drive`` with bogus interface type (removed in 6.0)
117 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
119 Drives with interface types other than ``if=none`` are for onboard
120 devices. Drives the board doesn't pick up can no longer be used with
121 -device. Use ``if=none`` instead.
123 ``-usbdevice ccid`` (removed in 6.0)
124 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
126 This option was undocumented and not used in the field.
127 Use `-device usb-ccid`` instead.
129 RISC-V firmware not booted by default (removed in 5.1)
130 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
132 QEMU 5.1 changes the default behaviour from ``-bios none`` to ``-bios default``
133 for the RISC-V ``virt`` machine and ``sifive_u`` machine.
135 QEMU Machine Protocol (QMP) commands
136 ------------------------------------
138 ``block-dirty-bitmap-add`` "autoload" parameter (removed in 4.2.0)
139 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
141 The "autoload" parameter has been ignored since 2.12.0. All bitmaps
142 are automatically loaded from qcow2 images.
144 ``cpu-add`` (removed in 5.2)
145 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
147 Use ``device_add`` for hotplugging vCPUs instead of ``cpu-add``. See
148 documentation of ``query-hotpluggable-cpus`` for additional details.
150 ``change`` (removed in 6.0)
151 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''
153 Use ``blockdev-change-medium`` or ``change-vnc-password`` instead.
155 ``query-events`` (removed in 6.0)
156 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
158 The ``query-events`` command has been superseded by the more powerful
159 and accurate ``query-qmp-schema`` command.
161 ``migrate_set_cache_size`` and ``query-migrate-cache-size`` (removed in 6.0)
162 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
164 Use ``migrate_set_parameter`` and ``info migrate_parameters`` instead.
166 ``migrate_set_downtime`` and ``migrate_set_speed`` (removed in 6.0)
167 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
169 Use ``migrate_set_parameter`` instead.
171 ``query-cpus`` (removed in 6.0)
172 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
174 The ``query-cpus`` command is replaced by the ``query-cpus-fast`` command.
176 ``query-cpus-fast`` ``arch`` output member (removed in 6.0)
177 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
179 The ``arch`` output member of the ``query-cpus-fast`` command is
180 replaced by the ``target`` output member.
182 chardev client socket with ``wait`` option (removed in 6.0)
183 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
185 Character devices creating sockets in client mode should not specify
186 the 'wait' field, which is only applicable to sockets in server mode
188 ``query-named-block-nodes`` result ``encryption_key_missing`` (removed in 6.0)
189 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
191 Removed with no replacement.
193 ``query-block`` result ``inserted.encryption_key_missing`` (removed in 6.0)
194 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
196 Removed with no replacement.
198 ``query-named-block-nodes`` and ``query-block`` result dirty-bitmaps[i].status (removed in 6.0)
199 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
201 The ``status`` field of the ``BlockDirtyInfo`` structure, returned by
202 these commands is removed. Two new boolean fields, ``recording`` and
203 ``busy`` effectively replace it.
205 ``query-block`` result field ``dirty-bitmaps`` (removed in 6.0)
206 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
208 The ``dirty-bitmaps`` field of the ``BlockInfo`` structure, returned by
209 the query-block command is itself now removed. The ``dirty-bitmaps``
210 field of the ``BlockDeviceInfo`` struct should be used instead, which is the
211 type of the ``inserted`` field in query-block replies, as well as the
212 type of array items in query-named-block-nodes.
214 ``object-add`` option ``props`` (removed in 6.0)
215 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
217 Specify the properties for the object as top-level arguments instead.
219 Human Monitor Protocol (HMP) commands
220 -------------------------------------
222 The ``hub_id`` parameter of ``hostfwd_add`` / ``hostfwd_remove`` (removed in 5.0)
223 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
225 The ``[hub_id name]`` parameter tuple of the 'hostfwd_add' and
226 'hostfwd_remove' HMP commands has been replaced by ``netdev_id``.
228 ``cpu-add`` (removed in 5.2)
229 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
231 Use ``device_add`` for hotplugging vCPUs instead of ``cpu-add``. See
232 documentation of ``query-hotpluggable-cpus`` for additional details.
234 ``change vnc TARGET`` (removed in 6.0)
235 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
237 No replacement. The ``change vnc password`` and ``change DEVICE MEDIUM``
238 commands are not affected.
240 ``acl_show``, ``acl_reset``, ``acl_policy``, ``acl_add``, ``acl_remove`` (removed in 6.0)
241 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
243 The ``acl_show``, ``acl_reset``, ``acl_policy``, ``acl_add``, and
244 ``acl_remove`` commands were removed with no replacement. Authorization
245 for VNC should be performed using the pluggable QAuthZ objects.
247 ``migrate-set-cache-size`` and ``info migrate-cache-size`` (removed in 6.0)
248 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
250 Use ``migrate-set-parameters`` and ``info migrate-parameters`` instead.
252 ``migrate_set_downtime`` and ``migrate_set_speed`` (removed in 6.0)
253 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
255 Use ``migrate-set-parameters`` instead.
257 ``info cpustats`` (removed in 6.1)
258 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
260 This command didn't produce any output already. Removed with no replacement.
265 RISC-V ISA privilege specification version 1.09.1 (removed in 5.1)
266 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
268 The RISC-V ISA privilege specification version 1.09.1 has been removed.
269 QEMU supports both the newer version 1.10.0 and the ratified version 1.11.0, these
270 should be used instead of the 1.09.1 version.
275 KVM guest support on 32-bit Arm hosts (removed in 5.2)
276 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
278 The Linux kernel has dropped support for allowing 32-bit Arm systems
279 to host KVM guests as of the 5.7 kernel. Accordingly, QEMU is deprecating
280 its support for this configuration and will remove it in a future version.
281 Running 32-bit guests on a 64-bit Arm host remains supported.
283 RISC-V ISA Specific CPUs (removed in 5.1)
284 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
286 The RISC-V cpus with the ISA version in the CPU name have been removed. The
287 four CPUs are: ``rv32gcsu-v1.9.1``, ``rv32gcsu-v1.10.0``, ``rv64gcsu-v1.9.1`` and
288 ``rv64gcsu-v1.10.0``. Instead the version can be specified via the CPU ``priv_spec``
289 option when using the ``rv32`` or ``rv64`` CPUs.
291 RISC-V no MMU CPUs (removed in 5.1)
292 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
294 The RISC-V no MMU cpus have been removed. The two CPUs: ``rv32imacu-nommu`` and
295 ``rv64imacu-nommu`` can no longer be used. Instead the MMU status can be specified
296 via the CPU ``mmu`` option when using the ``rv32`` or ``rv64`` CPUs.
298 ``compat`` property of server class POWER CPUs (removed in 6.0)
299 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
301 The ``max-cpu-compat`` property of the ``pseries`` machine type should be used
304 ``moxie`` CPU (removed in 6.1)
305 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
307 Nobody was using this CPU emulation in QEMU, and there were no test images
308 available to make sure that the code is still working, so it has been removed
311 ``lm32`` CPUs (removed in 6.1.0)
312 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
314 The only public user of this architecture was the milkymist project,
315 which has been dead for years; there was never an upstream Linux
316 port. Removed without replacement.
318 ``unicore32`` CPUs (since 6.1.0)
319 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
321 Support for this CPU was removed from the upstream Linux kernel, and
322 there is no available upstream toolchain to build binaries for it.
323 Removed without replacement.
325 System emulator machines
326 ------------------------
328 ``spike_v1.9.1`` and ``spike_v1.10`` (removed in 5.1)
329 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
331 The version specific Spike machines have been removed in favour of the
332 generic ``spike`` machine. If you need to specify an older version of the RISC-V
333 spec you can use the ``-cpu rv64gcsu,priv_spec=v1.10.0`` command line argument.
335 mips ``r4k`` platform (removed in 5.2)
336 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
338 This machine type was very old and unmaintained. Users should use the ``malta``
339 machine type instead.
341 mips ``fulong2e`` machine alias (removed in 6.0)
342 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
344 This machine has been renamed ``fuloong2e``.
346 ``pc-1.0``, ``pc-1.1``, ``pc-1.2`` and ``pc-1.3`` (removed in 6.0)
347 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
349 These machine types were very old and likely could not be used for live
350 migration from old QEMU versions anymore. Use a newer machine type instead.
356 ``tilegx`` CPUs (removed in 6.0)
357 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
359 The ``tilegx`` guest CPU support has been removed without replacement. It was
360 only implemented in linux-user mode, but support for this CPU was removed from
361 the upstream Linux kernel in 2018, and it has also been dropped from glibc, so
362 there is no new Linux development taking place with this architecture. For
363 running the old binaries, you can use older versions of QEMU.
365 System emulator devices
366 -----------------------
368 ``ide-drive`` (removed in 6.0)
369 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
371 The 'ide-drive' device has been removed. Users should use 'ide-hd' or
372 'ide-cd' as appropriate to get an IDE hard disk or CD-ROM as needed.
374 ``scsi-disk`` (removed in 6.0)
375 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
377 The 'scsi-disk' device has been removed. Users should use 'scsi-hd' or
378 'scsi-cd' as appropriate to get a SCSI hard disk or CD-ROM as needed.
383 ``qemu-nbd --partition`` (removed in 5.0)
384 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
386 The ``qemu-nbd --partition $digit`` code (also spelled ``-P``)
387 could only handle MBR partitions, and never correctly handled logical
388 partitions beyond partition 5. Exporting a partition can still be
389 done by utilizing the ``--image-opts`` option with a raw blockdev
390 using the ``offset`` and ``size`` parameters layered on top of
391 any other existing blockdev. For example, if partition 1 is 100MiB
392 long starting at 1MiB, the old command::
394 qemu-nbd -t -P 1 -f qcow2 file.qcow2
396 can be rewritten as::
398 qemu-nbd -t --image-opts driver=raw,offset=1M,size=100M,file.driver=qcow2,file.file.driver=file,file.file.filename=file.qcow2
400 ``qemu-img convert -n -o`` (removed in 5.1)
401 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
403 All options specified in ``-o`` are image creation options, so
404 they are now rejected when used with ``-n`` to skip image creation.
407 ``qemu-img create -b bad file $size`` (removed in 5.1)
408 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
410 When creating an image with a backing file that could not be opened,
411 ``qemu-img create`` used to issue a warning about the failure but
412 proceed with the image creation if an explicit size was provided.
413 However, as the ``-u`` option exists for this purpose, it is safer to
414 enforce that any failure to open the backing image (including if the
415 backing file is missing or an incorrect format was specified) is an
416 error when ``-u`` is not used.
421 ``-smp`` (invalid topologies) (removed 5.2)
422 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
424 CPU topology properties should describe whole machine topology including
427 However, historically it was possible to start QEMU with an incorrect topology
428 where *n* <= *sockets* * *cores* * *threads* < *maxcpus*,
429 which could lead to an incorrect topology enumeration by the guest.
430 Support for invalid topologies is removed, the user must ensure
431 topologies described with -smp include all possible cpus, i.e.
432 *sockets* * *cores* * *threads* = *maxcpus*.
434 ``-numa`` node (without memory specified) (removed 5.2)
435 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
437 Splitting RAM by default between NUMA nodes had the same issues as ``mem``
438 parameter with the difference that the role of the user plays QEMU using
439 implicit generic or board specific splitting rule.
440 Use ``memdev`` with *memory-backend-ram* backend or ``mem`` (if
441 it's supported by used machine type) to define mapping explicitly instead.
442 Users of existing VMs, wishing to preserve the same RAM distribution, should
443 configure it explicitly using ``-numa node,memdev`` options. Current RAM
444 distribution can be retrieved using HMP command ``info numa`` and if separate
445 memory devices (pc|nv-dimm) are present use ``info memory-device`` and subtract
446 device memory from output of ``info numa``.
448 ``-numa node,mem=``\ *size* (removed in 5.1)
449 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
451 The parameter ``mem`` of ``-numa node`` was used to assign a part of
452 guest RAM to a NUMA node. But when using it, it's impossible to manage a specified
453 RAM chunk on the host side (like bind it to a host node, setting bind policy, ...),
454 so the guest ends up with the fake NUMA configuration with suboptiomal performance.
455 However since 2014 there is an alternative way to assign RAM to a NUMA node
456 using parameter ``memdev``, which does the same as ``mem`` and adds
457 means to actually manage node RAM on the host side. Use parameter ``memdev``
458 with *memory-backend-ram* backend as replacement for parameter ``mem``
459 to achieve the same fake NUMA effect or a properly configured
460 *memory-backend-file* backend to actually benefit from NUMA configuration.
461 New machine versions (since 5.1) will not accept the option but it will still
462 work with old machine types. User can check the QAPI schema to see if the legacy
463 option is supported by looking at MachineInfo::numa-mem-supported property.
465 ``-mem-path`` fallback to RAM (removed in 5.0)
466 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
468 If guest RAM allocation from file pointed by ``mem-path`` failed,
469 QEMU was falling back to allocating from RAM, which might have resulted
470 in unpredictable behavior since the backing file specified by the user
471 as ignored. Currently, users are responsible for making sure the backing storage
472 specified with ``-mem-path`` can actually provide the guest RAM configured with
473 ``-m`` and QEMU fails to start up if RAM allocation is unsuccessful.
475 ``-smp`` (invalid topologies) (removed 5.2)
476 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
478 CPU topology properties should describe whole machine topology including
481 However, historically it was possible to start QEMU with an incorrect topology
482 where *n* <= *sockets* * *cores* * *threads* < *maxcpus*,
483 which could lead to an incorrect topology enumeration by the guest.
484 Support for invalid topologies is removed, the user must ensure
485 topologies described with -smp include all possible cpus, i.e.
486 *sockets* * *cores* * *threads* = *maxcpus*.
488 ``-machine enforce-config-section=on|off`` (removed 5.2)
489 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
491 The ``enforce-config-section`` property was replaced by the
492 ``-global migration.send-configuration={on|off}`` option.
497 VXHS backend (removed in 5.1)
498 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
500 The VXHS code did not compile since v2.12.0. It was removed in 5.1.
502 ``sheepdog`` driver (removed in 6.0)
503 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
505 The corresponding upstream server project is no longer maintained.
506 Users are recommended to switch to an alternative distributed block
507 device driver such as RBD.