qemu-io.c

   1 /*
   2  * Command line utility to exercise the QEMU I/O path.
   3  *
   4  * Copyright (C) 2009 Red Hat, Inc.
   5  * Copyright (c) 2003-2005 Silicon Graphics, Inc.
   6  *
   7  * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or later.
   8  * See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
   9  */
  10
  11 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
  12 #include <getopt.h>
  13 #include <libgen.h>
  14 #ifndef _WIN32
  15 #include <termios.h>
  16 #endif
  17
  18 #include "qemu-common.h"
  19 #include "qapi/error.h"
  20 #include "qemu-io.h"
  21 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
  22 #include "qemu/main-loop.h"
  23 #include "qemu/module.h"
  24 #include "qemu/option.h"
  25 #include "qemu/config-file.h"
  26 #include "qemu/readline.h"
  27 #include "qemu/log.h"
  28 #include "qemu/sockets.h"
  29 #include "qapi/qmp/qstring.h"
  30 #include "qapi/qmp/qdict.h"
  31 #include "qom/object_interfaces.h"
  32 #include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
  33 #include "block/block_int.h"
  34 #include "trace/control.h"
  35 #include "crypto/init.h"
  36 #include "qemu-version.h"
  37
  38 #define CMD_NOFILE_OK   0x01
  39
  40 static BlockBackend *qemuio_blk;
  41 static bool quit_qemu_io;
  42
  43 /* qemu-io commands passed using -c */
  44 static int ncmdline;
  45 static char **cmdline;
  46 static bool imageOpts;
  47
  48 static ReadLineState *readline_state;
  49
  50 static int ttyEOF;
  51
  52 static int get_eof_char(void)
  53 {
  54 #ifdef _WIN32
  55     return 0x4; /* Ctrl-D */
  56 #else
  57     struct termios tty;
  58     if (tcgetattr(STDIN_FILENO, &tty) != 0) {
  59         if (errno == ENOTTY) {
  60             return 0x0; /* just expect read() == 0 */
  61         } else {
  62             return 0x4; /* Ctrl-D */
  63         }
  64     }
  65
  66     return tty.c_cc[VEOF];
  67 #endif
  68 }
  69
  70 static int close_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
  71 {
  72     blk_unref(qemuio_blk);
  73     qemuio_blk = NULL;
  74     return 0;
  75 }
  76
  77 static const cmdinfo_t close_cmd = {
  78     .name       = "close",
  79     .altname    = "c",
  80     .cfunc      = close_f,
  81     .oneline    = "close the current open file",
  82 };
  83
  84 static int openfile(char *name, int flags, bool writethrough, bool force_share,
  85                     QDict *opts)
  86 {
  87     Error *local_err = NULL;
  88
  89     if (qemuio_blk) {
  90         error_report("file open already, try 'help close'");
  91         qobject_unref(opts);
  92         return 1;
  93     }
  94
  95     if (force_share) {
  96         if (!opts) {
  97             opts = qdict_new();
  98         }
  99         if (qdict_haskey(opts, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE)
 100             && strcmp(qdict_get_str(opts, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE), "on")) {
 101             error_report("-U conflicts with image options");
 102             qobject_unref(opts);
 103             return 1;
 104         }
 105         qdict_put_str(opts, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, "on");
 106     }
 107     qemuio_blk = blk_new_open(name, NULL, opts, flags, &local_err);
 108     if (!qemuio_blk) {
 109         error_reportf_err(local_err, "can't open%s%s: ",
 110                           name ? " device " : "", name ?: "");
 111         return 1;
 112     }
 113
 114     blk_set_enable_write_cache(qemuio_blk, !writethrough);
 115
 116     return 0;
 117 }
 118
 119 static void open_help(void)
 120 {
 121     printf(
 122 "\n"
 123 " opens a new file in the requested mode\n"
 124 "\n"
 125 " Example:\n"
 126 " 'open -n -o driver=raw /tmp/data' - opens raw data file read-write, uncached\n"
 127 "\n"
 128 " Opens a file for subsequent use by all of the other qemu-io commands.\n"
 129 " -r, -- open file read-only\n"
 130 " -s, -- use snapshot file\n"
 131 " -C, -- use copy-on-read\n"
 132 " -n, -- disable host cache, short for -t none\n"
 133 " -U, -- force shared permissions\n"
 134 " -k, -- use kernel AIO implementation (Linux only, prefer use of -i)\n"
 135 " -i, -- use AIO mode (threads, native or io_uring)\n"
 136 " -t, -- use the given cache mode for the image\n"
 137 " -d, -- use the given discard mode for the image\n"
 138 " -o, -- options to be given to the block driver"
 139 "\n");
 140 }
 141
 142 static int open_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv);
 143
 144 static const cmdinfo_t open_cmd = {
 145     .name       = "open",
 146     .altname    = "o",
 147     .cfunc      = open_f,
 148     .argmin     = 1,
 149     .argmax     = -1,
 150     .flags      = CMD_NOFILE_OK,
 151     .args       = "[-rsCnkU] [-t cache] [-d discard] [-o options] [path]",
 152     .oneline    = "open the file specified by path",
 153     .help       = open_help,
 154 };
 155
 156 static QemuOptsList empty_opts = {
 157     .name = "drive",
 158     .merge_lists = true,
 159     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(empty_opts.head),
 160     .desc = {
 161         /* no elements => accept any params */
 162         { /* end of list */ }
 163     },
 164 };
 165
 166 static int open_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
 167 {
 168     int flags = BDRV_O_UNMAP;
 169     int readonly = 0;
 170     bool writethrough = true;
 171     int c;
 172     int ret;
 173     QemuOpts *qopts;
 174     QDict *opts;
 175     bool force_share = false;
 176
 177     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "snCro:ki:t:d:U")) != -1) {
 178         switch (c) {
 179         case 's':
 180             flags |= BDRV_O_SNAPSHOT;
 181             break;
 182         case 'n':
 183             flags |= BDRV_O_NOCACHE;
 184             writethrough = false;
 185             break;
 186         case 'C':
 187             flags |= BDRV_O_COPY_ON_READ;
 188             break;
 189         case 'r':
 190             readonly = 1;
 191             break;
 192         case 'k':
 193             flags |= BDRV_O_NATIVE_AIO;
 194             break;
 195         case 't':
 196             if (bdrv_parse_cache_mode(optarg, &flags, &writethrough) < 0) {
 197                 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", optarg);
 198                 qemu_opts_reset(&empty_opts);
 199                 return -EINVAL;
 200             }
 201             break;
 202         case 'd':
 203             if (bdrv_parse_discard_flags(optarg, &flags) < 0) {
 204                 error_report("Invalid discard option: %s", optarg);
 205                 qemu_opts_reset(&empty_opts);
 206                 return -EINVAL;
 207             }
 208             break;
 209         case 'i':
 210             if (bdrv_parse_aio(optarg, &flags) < 0) {
 211                 error_report("Invalid aio option: %s", optarg);
 212                 qemu_opts_reset(&empty_opts);
 213                 return -EINVAL;
 214             }
 215             break;
 216         case 'o':
 217             if (imageOpts) {
 218                 printf("--image-opts and 'open -o' are mutually exclusive\n");
 219                 qemu_opts_reset(&empty_opts);
 220                 return -EINVAL;
 221             }
 222             if (!qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&empty_opts, optarg, false)) {
 223                 qemu_opts_reset(&empty_opts);
 224                 return -EINVAL;
 225             }
 226             break;
 227         case 'U':
 228             force_share = true;
 229             break;
 230         default:
 231             qemu_opts_reset(&empty_opts);
 232             qemuio_command_usage(&open_cmd);
 233             return -EINVAL;
 234         }
 235     }
 236
 237     if (!readonly) {
 238         flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
 239     }
 240
 241     if (imageOpts && (optind == argc - 1)) {
 242         if (!qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&empty_opts, argv[optind], false)) {
 243             qemu_opts_reset(&empty_opts);
 244             return -EINVAL;
 245         }
 246         optind++;
 247     }
 248
 249     qopts = qemu_opts_find(&empty_opts, NULL);
 250     opts = qopts ? qemu_opts_to_qdict(qopts, NULL) : NULL;
 251     qemu_opts_reset(&empty_opts);
 252
 253     if (optind == argc - 1) {
 254         ret = openfile(argv[optind], flags, writethrough, force_share, opts);
 255     } else if (optind == argc) {
 256         ret = openfile(NULL, flags, writethrough, force_share, opts);
 257     } else {
 258         qobject_unref(opts);
 259         qemuio_command_usage(&open_cmd);
 260         return -EINVAL;
 261     }
 262
 263     if (ret) {
 264         return -EINVAL;
 265     }
 266
 267     return 0;
 268 }
 269
 270 static int quit_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
 271 {
 272     quit_qemu_io = true;
 273     return 0;
 274 }
 275
 276 static const cmdinfo_t quit_cmd = {
 277     .name       = "quit",
 278     .altname    = "q",
 279     .cfunc      = quit_f,
 280     .argmin     = -1,
 281     .argmax     = -1,
 282     .flags      = CMD_FLAG_GLOBAL,
 283     .oneline    = "exit the program",
 284 };
 285
 286 static void usage(const char *name)
 287 {
 288     printf(
 289 "Usage: %s [OPTIONS]... [-c STRING]... [file]\n"
 290 "QEMU Disk exerciser\n"
 291 "\n"
 292 "  --object OBJECTDEF   define an object such as 'secret' for\n"
 293 "                       passwords and/or encryption keys\n"
 294 "  --image-opts         treat file as option string\n"
 295 "  -c, --cmd STRING     execute command with its arguments\n"
 296 "                       from the given string\n"
 297 "  -f, --format FMT     specifies the block driver to use\n"
 298 "  -r, --read-only      export read-only\n"
 299 "  -s, --snapshot       use snapshot file\n"
 300 "  -n, --nocache        disable host cache, short for -t none\n"
 301 "  -C, --copy-on-read   enable copy-on-read\n"
 302 "  -m, --misalign       misalign allocations for O_DIRECT\n"
 303 "  -k, --native-aio     use kernel AIO implementation\n"
 304 "                       (Linux only, prefer use of -i)\n"
 305 "  -i, --aio=MODE       use AIO mode (threads, native or io_uring)\n"
 306 "  -t, --cache=MODE     use the given cache mode for the image\n"
 307 "  -d, --discard=MODE   use the given discard mode for the image\n"
 308 "  -T, --trace [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]\n"
 309 "                       specify tracing options\n"
 310 "                       see qemu-img(1) man page for full description\n"
 311 "  -U, --force-share    force shared permissions\n"
 312 "  -h, --help           display this help and exit\n"
 313 "  -V, --version        output version information and exit\n"
 314 "\n"
 315 "See '%s -c help' for information on available commands.\n"
 316 "\n"
 317 QEMU_HELP_BOTTOM "\n",
 318     name, name);
 319 }
 320
 321 static char *get_prompt(void)
 322 {
 323     static char prompt[FILENAME_MAX + 2 /*"> "*/ + 1 /*"\0"*/ ];
 324
 325     if (!prompt[0]) {
 326         snprintf(prompt, sizeof(prompt), "%s> ", error_get_progname());
 327     }
 328
 329     return prompt;
 330 }
 331
 332 static void GCC_FMT_ATTR(2, 3) readline_printf_func(void *opaque,
 333                                                     const char *fmt, ...)
 334 {
 335     va_list ap;
 336     va_start(ap, fmt);
 337     vprintf(fmt, ap);
 338     va_end(ap);
 339 }
 340
 341 static void readline_flush_func(void *opaque)
 342 {
 343     fflush(stdout);
 344 }
 345
 346 static void readline_func(void *opaque, const char *str, void *readline_opaque)
 347 {
 348     char **line = readline_opaque;
 349     *line = g_strdup(str);
 350 }
 351
 352 static void completion_match(const char *cmd, void *opaque)
 353 {
 354     readline_add_completion(readline_state, cmd);
 355 }
 356
 357 static void readline_completion_func(void *opaque, const char *str)
 358 {
 359     readline_set_completion_index(readline_state, strlen(str));
 360     qemuio_complete_command(str, completion_match, NULL);
 361 }
 362
 363 static char *fetchline_readline(void)
 364 {
 365     char *line = NULL;
 366
 367     readline_start(readline_state, get_prompt(), 0, readline_func, &line);
 368     while (!line) {
 369         int ch = getchar();
 370         if (ttyEOF != 0x0 && ch == ttyEOF) {
 371             printf("\n");
 372             break;
 373         }
 374         readline_handle_byte(readline_state, ch);
 375     }
 376     return line;
 377 }
 378
 379 #define MAXREADLINESZ 1024
 380 static char *fetchline_fgets(void)
 381 {
 382     char *p, *line = g_malloc(MAXREADLINESZ);
 383
 384     if (!fgets(line, MAXREADLINESZ, stdin)) {
 385         g_free(line);
 386         return NULL;
 387     }
 388
 389     p = line + strlen(line);
 390     if (p != line && p[-1] == '\n') {
 391         p[-1] = '\0';
 392     }
 393
 394     return line;
 395 }
 396
 397 static char *fetchline(void)
 398 {
 399     if (readline_state) {
 400         return fetchline_readline();
 401     } else {
 402         return fetchline_fgets();
 403     }
 404 }
 405
 406 static void prep_fetchline(void *opaque)
 407 {
 408     int *fetchable = opaque;
 409
 410     qemu_set_fd_handler(STDIN_FILENO, NULL, NULL, NULL);
 411     *fetchable= 1;
 412 }
 413
 414 static int command_loop(void)
 415 {
 416     int i, fetchable = 0, prompted = 0;
 417     int ret, last_error = 0;
 418     char *input;
 419
 420     for (i = 0; !quit_qemu_io && i < ncmdline; i++) {
 421         ret = qemuio_command(qemuio_blk, cmdline[i]);
 422         if (ret < 0) {
 423             last_error = ret;
 424         }
 425     }
 426     if (cmdline) {
 427         g_free(cmdline);
 428         return last_error;
 429     }
 430
 431     while (!quit_qemu_io) {
 432         if (!prompted) {
 433             printf("%s", get_prompt());
 434             fflush(stdout);
 435             qemu_set_fd_handler(STDIN_FILENO, prep_fetchline, NULL, &fetchable);
 436             prompted = 1;
 437         }
 438
 439         main_loop_wait(false);
 440
 441         if (!fetchable) {
 442             continue;
 443         }
 444
 445         input = fetchline();
 446         if (input == NULL) {
 447             break;
 448         }
 449         ret = qemuio_command(qemuio_blk, input);
 450         g_free(input);
 451
 452         if (ret < 0) {
 453             last_error = ret;
 454         }
 455
 456         prompted = 0;
 457         fetchable = 0;
 458     }
 459     qemu_set_fd_handler(STDIN_FILENO, NULL, NULL, NULL);
 460
 461     return last_error;
 462 }
 463
 464 static void add_user_command(char *optarg)
 465 {
 466     cmdline = g_renew(char *, cmdline, ++ncmdline);
 467     cmdline[ncmdline-1] = optarg;
 468 }
 469
 470 static void reenable_tty_echo(void)
 471 {
 472     qemu_set_tty_echo(STDIN_FILENO, true);
 473 }
 474
 475 enum {
 476     OPTION_OBJECT = 256,
 477     OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS = 257,
 478 };
 479
 480 static QemuOptsList qemu_object_opts = {
 481     .name = "object",
 482     .implied_opt_name = "qom-type",
 483     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_object_opts.head),
 484     .desc = {
 485         { }
 486     },
 487 };
 488
 489 static bool qemu_io_object_print_help(const char *type, QemuOpts *opts)
 490 {
 491     if (user_creatable_print_help(type, opts)) {
 492         exit(0);
 493     }
 494     return true;
 495 }
 496
 497 static QemuOptsList file_opts = {
 498     .name = "file",
 499     .implied_opt_name = "file",
 500     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(file_opts.head),
 501     .desc = {
 502         /* no elements => accept any params */
 503         { /* end of list */ }
 504     },
 505 };
 506
 507 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 508 {
 509     int readonly = 0;
 510     const char *sopt = "hVc:d:f:rsnCmki:t:T:U";
 511     const struct option lopt[] = {
 512         { "help", no_argument, NULL, 'h' },
 513         { "version", no_argument, NULL, 'V' },
 514         { "cmd", required_argument, NULL, 'c' },
 515         { "format", required_argument, NULL, 'f' },
 516         { "read-only", no_argument, NULL, 'r' },
 517         { "snapshot", no_argument, NULL, 's' },
 518         { "nocache", no_argument, NULL, 'n' },
 519         { "copy-on-read", no_argument, NULL, 'C' },
 520         { "misalign", no_argument, NULL, 'm' },
 521         { "native-aio", no_argument, NULL, 'k' },
 522         { "aio", required_argument, NULL, 'i' },
 523         { "discard", required_argument, NULL, 'd' },
 524         { "cache", required_argument, NULL, 't' },
 525         { "trace", required_argument, NULL, 'T' },
 526         { "object", required_argument, NULL, OPTION_OBJECT },
 527         { "image-opts", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS },
 528         { "force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
 529         { NULL, 0, NULL, 0 }
 530     };
 531     int c;
 532     int opt_index = 0;
 533     int flags = BDRV_O_UNMAP;
 534     int ret;
 535     bool writethrough = true;
 536     Error *local_error = NULL;
 537     QDict *opts = NULL;
 538     const char *format = NULL;
 539     char *trace_file = NULL;
 540     bool force_share = false;
 541
 542 #ifdef CONFIG_POSIX
 543     signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
 544 #endif
 545
 546     socket_init();
 547     error_init(argv[0]);
 548     module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_TRACE);
 549     qemu_init_exec_dir(argv[0]);
 550
 551     qcrypto_init(&error_fatal);
 552
 553     module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_QOM);
 554     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_object_opts);
 555     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_trace_opts);
 556     bdrv_init();
 557
 558     while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, sopt, lopt, &opt_index)) != -1) {
 559         switch (c) {
 560         case 's':
 561             flags |= BDRV_O_SNAPSHOT;
 562             break;
 563         case 'n':
 564             flags |= BDRV_O_NOCACHE;
 565             writethrough = false;
 566             break;
 567         case 'C':
 568             flags |= BDRV_O_COPY_ON_READ;
 569             break;
 570         case 'd':
 571             if (bdrv_parse_discard_flags(optarg, &flags) < 0) {
 572                 error_report("Invalid discard option: %s", optarg);
 573                 exit(1);
 574             }
 575             break;
 576         case 'f':
 577             format = optarg;
 578             break;
 579         case 'c':
 580             add_user_command(optarg);
 581             break;
 582         case 'r':
 583             readonly = 1;
 584             break;
 585         case 'm':
 586             qemuio_misalign = true;
 587             break;
 588         case 'k':
 589             flags |= BDRV_O_NATIVE_AIO;
 590             break;
 591         case 'i':
 592             if (bdrv_parse_aio(optarg, &flags) < 0) {
 593                 error_report("Invalid aio option: %s", optarg);
 594                 exit(1);
 595             }
 596             break;
 597         case 't':
 598             if (bdrv_parse_cache_mode(optarg, &flags, &writethrough) < 0) {
 599                 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", optarg);
 600                 exit(1);
 601             }
 602             break;
 603         case 'T':
 604             g_free(trace_file);
 605             trace_file = trace_opt_parse(optarg);
 606             break;
 607         case 'V':
 608             printf("%s version " QEMU_FULL_VERSION "\n"
 609                    QEMU_COPYRIGHT "\n", error_get_progname());
 610             exit(0);
 611         case 'h':
 612             usage(error_get_progname());
 613             exit(0);
 614         case 'U':
 615             force_share = true;
 616             break;
 617         case OPTION_OBJECT: {
 618             QemuOpts *qopts;
 619             qopts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
 620                                             optarg, true);
 621             if (!qopts) {
 622                 exit(1);
 623             }
 624         }   break;
 625         case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
 626             imageOpts = true;
 627             break;
 628         default:
 629             usage(error_get_progname());
 630             exit(1);
 631         }
 632     }
 633
 634     if ((argc - optind) > 1) {
 635         usage(error_get_progname());
 636         exit(1);
 637     }
 638
 639     if (format && imageOpts) {
 640         error_report("--image-opts and -f are mutually exclusive");
 641         exit(1);
 642     }
 643
 644     if (qemu_init_main_loop(&local_error)) {
 645         error_report_err(local_error);
 646         exit(1);
 647     }
 648
 649     qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
 650                       user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
 651                       qemu_io_object_print_help, &error_fatal);
 652
 653     if (!trace_init_backends()) {
 654         exit(1);
 655     }
 656     trace_init_file(trace_file);
 657     qemu_set_log(LOG_TRACE);
 658
 659     /* initialize commands */
 660     qemuio_add_command(&quit_cmd);
 661     qemuio_add_command(&open_cmd);
 662     qemuio_add_command(&close_cmd);
 663
 664     if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO)) {
 665         ttyEOF = get_eof_char();
 666         readline_state = readline_init(readline_printf_func,
 667                                        readline_flush_func,
 668                                        NULL,
 669                                        readline_completion_func);
 670         qemu_set_tty_echo(STDIN_FILENO, false);
 671         atexit(reenable_tty_echo);
 672     }
 673
 674     /* open the device */
 675     if (!readonly) {
 676         flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
 677     }
 678
 679     if ((argc - optind) == 1) {
 680         if (imageOpts) {
 681             QemuOpts *qopts = NULL;
 682             qopts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&file_opts, argv[optind], false);
 683             if (!qopts) {
 684                 exit(1);
 685             }
 686             opts = qemu_opts_to_qdict(qopts, NULL);
 687             if (openfile(NULL, flags, writethrough, force_share, opts)) {
 688                 exit(1);
 689             }
 690         } else {
 691             if (format) {
 692                 opts = qdict_new();
 693                 qdict_put_str(opts, "driver", format);
 694             }
 695             if (openfile(argv[optind], flags, writethrough,
 696                          force_share, opts)) {
 697                 exit(1);
 698             }
 699         }
 700     }
 701     ret = command_loop();
 702
 703     /*
 704      * Make sure all outstanding requests complete before the program exits.
 705      */
 706     bdrv_drain_all();
 707
 708     blk_unref(qemuio_blk);
 709     g_free(readline_state);
 710
 711     if (ret < 0) {
 712         return 1;
 713     } else {
 714         return 0;
 715     }
 716 }