fw_cfg: add fw_cfg_modify_i16 (update) method
[qemu/ar7.git] / qemu-img.c
blob60c820d002f5b47d0b7be15fa0d1b8ab0dc69adc
1 /*
2 * QEMU disk image utility
4 * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
6 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
13 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
16 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
22 * THE SOFTWARE.
24 #include "qapi-visit.h"
25 #include "qapi/qmp-output-visitor.h"
26 #include "qapi/qmp/qjson.h"
27 #include "qemu-common.h"
28 #include "qemu/option.h"
29 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
30 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
31 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
32 #include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
33 #include "block/block_int.h"
34 #include "block/blockjob.h"
35 #include "block/qapi.h"
36 #include <getopt.h>
38 #define QEMU_IMG_VERSION "qemu-img version " QEMU_VERSION QEMU_PKGVERSION \
39 ", Copyright (c) 2004-2008 Fabrice Bellard\n"
41 typedef struct img_cmd_t {
42 const char *name;
43 int (*handler)(int argc, char **argv);
44 } img_cmd_t;
46 enum {
47 OPTION_OUTPUT = 256,
48 OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN = 257,
51 typedef enum OutputFormat {
52 OFORMAT_JSON,
53 OFORMAT_HUMAN,
54 } OutputFormat;
56 /* Default to cache=writeback as data integrity is not important for qemu-tcg. */
57 #define BDRV_O_FLAGS BDRV_O_CACHE_WB
58 #define BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE "writeback"
60 static void format_print(void *opaque, const char *name)
62 printf(" %s", name);
65 static void QEMU_NORETURN GCC_FMT_ATTR(1, 2) error_exit(const char *fmt, ...)
67 va_list ap;
69 error_printf("qemu-img: ");
71 va_start(ap, fmt);
72 error_vprintf(fmt, ap);
73 va_end(ap);
75 error_printf("\nTry 'qemu-img --help' for more information\n");
76 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
79 /* Please keep in synch with qemu-img.texi */
80 static void QEMU_NORETURN help(void)
82 const char *help_msg =
83 QEMU_IMG_VERSION
84 "usage: qemu-img command [command options]\n"
85 "QEMU disk image utility\n"
86 "\n"
87 "Command syntax:\n"
88 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
89 " " arg_string "\n"
90 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
91 #undef DEF
92 #undef GEN_DOCS
93 "\n"
94 "Command parameters:\n"
95 " 'filename' is a disk image filename\n"
96 " 'fmt' is the disk image format. It is guessed automatically in most cases\n"
97 " 'cache' is the cache mode used to write the output disk image, the valid\n"
98 " options are: 'none', 'writeback' (default, except for convert), 'writethrough',\n"
99 " 'directsync' and 'unsafe' (default for convert)\n"
100 " 'src_cache' is the cache mode used to read input disk images, the valid\n"
101 " options are the same as for the 'cache' option\n"
102 " 'size' is the disk image size in bytes. Optional suffixes\n"
103 " 'k' or 'K' (kilobyte, 1024), 'M' (megabyte, 1024k), 'G' (gigabyte, 1024M),\n"
104 " 'T' (terabyte, 1024G), 'P' (petabyte, 1024T) and 'E' (exabyte, 1024P) are\n"
105 " supported. 'b' is ignored.\n"
106 " 'output_filename' is the destination disk image filename\n"
107 " 'output_fmt' is the destination format\n"
108 " 'options' is a comma separated list of format specific options in a\n"
109 " name=value format. Use -o ? for an overview of the options supported by the\n"
110 " used format\n"
111 " 'snapshot_param' is param used for internal snapshot, format\n"
112 " is 'snapshot.id=[ID],snapshot.name=[NAME]', or\n"
113 " '[ID_OR_NAME]'\n"
114 " 'snapshot_id_or_name' is deprecated, use 'snapshot_param'\n"
115 " instead\n"
116 " '-c' indicates that target image must be compressed (qcow format only)\n"
117 " '-u' enables unsafe rebasing. It is assumed that old and new backing file\n"
118 " match exactly. The image doesn't need a working backing file before\n"
119 " rebasing in this case (useful for renaming the backing file)\n"
120 " '-h' with or without a command shows this help and lists the supported formats\n"
121 " '-p' show progress of command (only certain commands)\n"
122 " '-q' use Quiet mode - do not print any output (except errors)\n"
123 " '-S' indicates the consecutive number of bytes (defaults to 4k) that must\n"
124 " contain only zeros for qemu-img to create a sparse image during\n"
125 " conversion. If the number of bytes is 0, the source will not be scanned for\n"
126 " unallocated or zero sectors, and the destination image will always be\n"
127 " fully allocated\n"
128 " '--output' takes the format in which the output must be done (human or json)\n"
129 " '-n' skips the target volume creation (useful if the volume is created\n"
130 " prior to running qemu-img)\n"
131 "\n"
132 "Parameters to check subcommand:\n"
133 " '-r' tries to repair any inconsistencies that are found during the check.\n"
134 " '-r leaks' repairs only cluster leaks, whereas '-r all' fixes all\n"
135 " kinds of errors, with a higher risk of choosing the wrong fix or\n"
136 " hiding corruption that has already occurred.\n"
137 "\n"
138 "Parameters to snapshot subcommand:\n"
139 " 'snapshot' is the name of the snapshot to create, apply or delete\n"
140 " '-a' applies a snapshot (revert disk to saved state)\n"
141 " '-c' creates a snapshot\n"
142 " '-d' deletes a snapshot\n"
143 " '-l' lists all snapshots in the given image\n"
144 "\n"
145 "Parameters to compare subcommand:\n"
146 " '-f' first image format\n"
147 " '-F' second image format\n"
148 " '-s' run in Strict mode - fail on different image size or sector allocation\n";
150 printf("%s\nSupported formats:", help_msg);
151 bdrv_iterate_format(format_print, NULL);
152 printf("\n");
153 exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
156 static int GCC_FMT_ATTR(2, 3) qprintf(bool quiet, const char *fmt, ...)
158 int ret = 0;
159 if (!quiet) {
160 va_list args;
161 va_start(args, fmt);
162 ret = vprintf(fmt, args);
163 va_end(args);
165 return ret;
169 static int print_block_option_help(const char *filename, const char *fmt)
171 BlockDriver *drv, *proto_drv;
172 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
173 Error *local_err = NULL;
175 /* Find driver and parse its options */
176 drv = bdrv_find_format(fmt);
177 if (!drv) {
178 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt);
179 return 1;
182 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
183 if (filename) {
184 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(filename, true, &local_err);
185 if (!proto_drv) {
186 error_report_err(local_err);
187 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
188 return 1;
190 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
193 qemu_opts_print_help(create_opts);
194 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
195 return 0;
198 static BlockBackend *img_open(const char *id, const char *filename,
199 const char *fmt, int flags,
200 bool require_io, bool quiet)
202 BlockBackend *blk;
203 BlockDriverState *bs;
204 char password[256];
205 Error *local_err = NULL;
206 QDict *options = NULL;
208 if (fmt) {
209 options = qdict_new();
210 qdict_put(options, "driver", qstring_from_str(fmt));
213 blk = blk_new_open(id, filename, NULL, options, flags, &local_err);
214 if (!blk) {
215 error_report("Could not open '%s': %s", filename,
216 error_get_pretty(local_err));
217 error_free(local_err);
218 goto fail;
221 bs = blk_bs(blk);
222 if (bdrv_is_encrypted(bs) && require_io) {
223 qprintf(quiet, "Disk image '%s' is encrypted.\n", filename);
224 if (qemu_read_password(password, sizeof(password)) < 0) {
225 error_report("No password given");
226 goto fail;
228 if (bdrv_set_key(bs, password) < 0) {
229 error_report("invalid password");
230 goto fail;
233 return blk;
234 fail:
235 blk_unref(blk);
236 return NULL;
239 static int add_old_style_options(const char *fmt, QemuOpts *opts,
240 const char *base_filename,
241 const char *base_fmt)
243 Error *err = NULL;
245 if (base_filename) {
246 qemu_opt_set(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE, base_filename, &err);
247 if (err) {
248 error_report("Backing file not supported for file format '%s'",
249 fmt);
250 error_free(err);
251 return -1;
254 if (base_fmt) {
255 qemu_opt_set(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FMT, base_fmt, &err);
256 if (err) {
257 error_report("Backing file format not supported for file "
258 "format '%s'", fmt);
259 error_free(err);
260 return -1;
263 return 0;
266 static int img_create(int argc, char **argv)
268 int c;
269 uint64_t img_size = -1;
270 const char *fmt = "raw";
271 const char *base_fmt = NULL;
272 const char *filename;
273 const char *base_filename = NULL;
274 char *options = NULL;
275 Error *local_err = NULL;
276 bool quiet = false;
278 for(;;) {
279 c = getopt(argc, argv, "F:b:f:he6o:q");
280 if (c == -1) {
281 break;
283 switch(c) {
284 case '?':
285 case 'h':
286 help();
287 break;
288 case 'F':
289 base_fmt = optarg;
290 break;
291 case 'b':
292 base_filename = optarg;
293 break;
294 case 'f':
295 fmt = optarg;
296 break;
297 case 'e':
298 error_report("option -e is deprecated, please use \'-o "
299 "encryption\' instead!");
300 goto fail;
301 case '6':
302 error_report("option -6 is deprecated, please use \'-o "
303 "compat6\' instead!");
304 goto fail;
305 case 'o':
306 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
307 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
308 goto fail;
310 if (!options) {
311 options = g_strdup(optarg);
312 } else {
313 char *old_options = options;
314 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
315 g_free(old_options);
317 break;
318 case 'q':
319 quiet = true;
320 break;
324 /* Get the filename */
325 filename = (optind < argc) ? argv[optind] : NULL;
326 if (options && has_help_option(options)) {
327 g_free(options);
328 return print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
331 if (optind >= argc) {
332 error_exit("Expecting image file name");
334 optind++;
336 /* Get image size, if specified */
337 if (optind < argc) {
338 int64_t sval;
339 char *end;
340 sval = strtosz_suffix(argv[optind++], &end, STRTOSZ_DEFSUFFIX_B);
341 if (sval < 0 || *end) {
342 if (sval == -ERANGE) {
343 error_report("Image size must be less than 8 EiB!");
344 } else {
345 error_report("Invalid image size specified! You may use k, M, "
346 "G, T, P or E suffixes for ");
347 error_report("kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, "
348 "petabytes and exabytes.");
350 goto fail;
352 img_size = (uint64_t)sval;
354 if (optind != argc) {
355 error_exit("Unexpected argument: %s", argv[optind]);
358 bdrv_img_create(filename, fmt, base_filename, base_fmt,
359 options, img_size, BDRV_O_FLAGS, &local_err, quiet);
360 if (local_err) {
361 error_report("%s: %s", filename, error_get_pretty(local_err));
362 error_free(local_err);
363 goto fail;
366 g_free(options);
367 return 0;
369 fail:
370 g_free(options);
371 return 1;
374 static void dump_json_image_check(ImageCheck *check, bool quiet)
376 Error *local_err = NULL;
377 QString *str;
378 QmpOutputVisitor *ov = qmp_output_visitor_new();
379 QObject *obj;
380 visit_type_ImageCheck(qmp_output_get_visitor(ov),
381 &check, NULL, &local_err);
382 obj = qmp_output_get_qobject(ov);
383 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
384 assert(str != NULL);
385 qprintf(quiet, "%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
386 qobject_decref(obj);
387 qmp_output_visitor_cleanup(ov);
388 QDECREF(str);
391 static void dump_human_image_check(ImageCheck *check, bool quiet)
393 if (!(check->corruptions || check->leaks || check->check_errors)) {
394 qprintf(quiet, "No errors were found on the image.\n");
395 } else {
396 if (check->corruptions) {
397 qprintf(quiet, "\n%" PRId64 " errors were found on the image.\n"
398 "Data may be corrupted, or further writes to the image "
399 "may corrupt it.\n",
400 check->corruptions);
403 if (check->leaks) {
404 qprintf(quiet,
405 "\n%" PRId64 " leaked clusters were found on the image.\n"
406 "This means waste of disk space, but no harm to data.\n",
407 check->leaks);
410 if (check->check_errors) {
411 qprintf(quiet,
412 "\n%" PRId64
413 " internal errors have occurred during the check.\n",
414 check->check_errors);
418 if (check->total_clusters != 0 && check->allocated_clusters != 0) {
419 qprintf(quiet, "%" PRId64 "/%" PRId64 " = %0.2f%% allocated, "
420 "%0.2f%% fragmented, %0.2f%% compressed clusters\n",
421 check->allocated_clusters, check->total_clusters,
422 check->allocated_clusters * 100.0 / check->total_clusters,
423 check->fragmented_clusters * 100.0 / check->allocated_clusters,
424 check->compressed_clusters * 100.0 /
425 check->allocated_clusters);
428 if (check->image_end_offset) {
429 qprintf(quiet,
430 "Image end offset: %" PRId64 "\n", check->image_end_offset);
434 static int collect_image_check(BlockDriverState *bs,
435 ImageCheck *check,
436 const char *filename,
437 const char *fmt,
438 int fix)
440 int ret;
441 BdrvCheckResult result;
443 ret = bdrv_check(bs, &result, fix);
444 if (ret < 0) {
445 return ret;
448 check->filename = g_strdup(filename);
449 check->format = g_strdup(bdrv_get_format_name(bs));
450 check->check_errors = result.check_errors;
451 check->corruptions = result.corruptions;
452 check->has_corruptions = result.corruptions != 0;
453 check->leaks = result.leaks;
454 check->has_leaks = result.leaks != 0;
455 check->corruptions_fixed = result.corruptions_fixed;
456 check->has_corruptions_fixed = result.corruptions != 0;
457 check->leaks_fixed = result.leaks_fixed;
458 check->has_leaks_fixed = result.leaks != 0;
459 check->image_end_offset = result.image_end_offset;
460 check->has_image_end_offset = result.image_end_offset != 0;
461 check->total_clusters = result.bfi.total_clusters;
462 check->has_total_clusters = result.bfi.total_clusters != 0;
463 check->allocated_clusters = result.bfi.allocated_clusters;
464 check->has_allocated_clusters = result.bfi.allocated_clusters != 0;
465 check->fragmented_clusters = result.bfi.fragmented_clusters;
466 check->has_fragmented_clusters = result.bfi.fragmented_clusters != 0;
467 check->compressed_clusters = result.bfi.compressed_clusters;
468 check->has_compressed_clusters = result.bfi.compressed_clusters != 0;
470 return 0;
474 * Checks an image for consistency. Exit codes:
476 * 0 - Check completed, image is good
477 * 1 - Check not completed because of internal errors
478 * 2 - Check completed, image is corrupted
479 * 3 - Check completed, image has leaked clusters, but is good otherwise
480 * 63 - Checks are not supported by the image format
482 static int img_check(int argc, char **argv)
484 int c, ret;
485 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
486 const char *filename, *fmt, *output, *cache;
487 BlockBackend *blk;
488 BlockDriverState *bs;
489 int fix = 0;
490 int flags = BDRV_O_FLAGS | BDRV_O_CHECK;
491 ImageCheck *check;
492 bool quiet = false;
494 fmt = NULL;
495 output = NULL;
496 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
497 for(;;) {
498 int option_index = 0;
499 static const struct option long_options[] = {
500 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
501 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
502 {"repair", required_argument, 0, 'r'},
503 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
504 {0, 0, 0, 0}
506 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hf:r:T:q",
507 long_options, &option_index);
508 if (c == -1) {
509 break;
511 switch(c) {
512 case '?':
513 case 'h':
514 help();
515 break;
516 case 'f':
517 fmt = optarg;
518 break;
519 case 'r':
520 flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
522 if (!strcmp(optarg, "leaks")) {
523 fix = BDRV_FIX_LEAKS;
524 } else if (!strcmp(optarg, "all")) {
525 fix = BDRV_FIX_LEAKS | BDRV_FIX_ERRORS;
526 } else {
527 error_exit("Unknown option value for -r "
528 "(expecting 'leaks' or 'all'): %s", optarg);
530 break;
531 case OPTION_OUTPUT:
532 output = optarg;
533 break;
534 case 'T':
535 cache = optarg;
536 break;
537 case 'q':
538 quiet = true;
539 break;
542 if (optind != argc - 1) {
543 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
545 filename = argv[optind++];
547 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
548 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
549 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
550 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
551 } else if (output) {
552 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
553 return 1;
556 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_flags(cache, &flags);
557 if (ret < 0) {
558 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", cache);
559 return 1;
562 blk = img_open("image", filename, fmt, flags, true, quiet);
563 if (!blk) {
564 return 1;
566 bs = blk_bs(blk);
568 check = g_new0(ImageCheck, 1);
569 ret = collect_image_check(bs, check, filename, fmt, fix);
571 if (ret == -ENOTSUP) {
572 error_report("This image format does not support checks");
573 ret = 63;
574 goto fail;
577 if (check->corruptions_fixed || check->leaks_fixed) {
578 int corruptions_fixed, leaks_fixed;
580 leaks_fixed = check->leaks_fixed;
581 corruptions_fixed = check->corruptions_fixed;
583 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
584 qprintf(quiet,
585 "The following inconsistencies were found and repaired:\n\n"
586 " %" PRId64 " leaked clusters\n"
587 " %" PRId64 " corruptions\n\n"
588 "Double checking the fixed image now...\n",
589 check->leaks_fixed,
590 check->corruptions_fixed);
593 ret = collect_image_check(bs, check, filename, fmt, 0);
595 check->leaks_fixed = leaks_fixed;
596 check->corruptions_fixed = corruptions_fixed;
599 if (!ret) {
600 switch (output_format) {
601 case OFORMAT_HUMAN:
602 dump_human_image_check(check, quiet);
603 break;
604 case OFORMAT_JSON:
605 dump_json_image_check(check, quiet);
606 break;
610 if (ret || check->check_errors) {
611 if (ret) {
612 error_report("Check failed: %s", strerror(-ret));
613 } else {
614 error_report("Check failed");
616 ret = 1;
617 goto fail;
620 if (check->corruptions) {
621 ret = 2;
622 } else if (check->leaks) {
623 ret = 3;
624 } else {
625 ret = 0;
628 fail:
629 qapi_free_ImageCheck(check);
630 blk_unref(blk);
631 return ret;
634 typedef struct CommonBlockJobCBInfo {
635 BlockDriverState *bs;
636 Error **errp;
637 } CommonBlockJobCBInfo;
639 static void common_block_job_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
641 CommonBlockJobCBInfo *cbi = opaque;
643 if (ret < 0) {
644 error_setg_errno(cbi->errp, -ret, "Block job failed");
647 /* Drop this block job's reference */
648 bdrv_unref(cbi->bs);
651 static void run_block_job(BlockJob *job, Error **errp)
653 AioContext *aio_context = bdrv_get_aio_context(job->bs);
655 do {
656 aio_poll(aio_context, true);
657 qemu_progress_print((float)job->offset / job->len * 100.f, 0);
658 } while (!job->ready);
660 block_job_complete_sync(job, errp);
662 /* A block job may finish instantaneously without publishing any progress,
663 * so just signal completion here */
664 qemu_progress_print(100.f, 0);
667 static int img_commit(int argc, char **argv)
669 int c, ret, flags;
670 const char *filename, *fmt, *cache, *base;
671 BlockBackend *blk;
672 BlockDriverState *bs, *base_bs;
673 bool progress = false, quiet = false, drop = false;
674 Error *local_err = NULL;
675 CommonBlockJobCBInfo cbi;
677 fmt = NULL;
678 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
679 base = NULL;
680 for(;;) {
681 c = getopt(argc, argv, "f:ht:b:dpq");
682 if (c == -1) {
683 break;
685 switch(c) {
686 case '?':
687 case 'h':
688 help();
689 break;
690 case 'f':
691 fmt = optarg;
692 break;
693 case 't':
694 cache = optarg;
695 break;
696 case 'b':
697 base = optarg;
698 /* -b implies -d */
699 drop = true;
700 break;
701 case 'd':
702 drop = true;
703 break;
704 case 'p':
705 progress = true;
706 break;
707 case 'q':
708 quiet = true;
709 break;
713 /* Progress is not shown in Quiet mode */
714 if (quiet) {
715 progress = false;
718 if (optind != argc - 1) {
719 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
721 filename = argv[optind++];
723 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_UNMAP;
724 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_flags(cache, &flags);
725 if (ret < 0) {
726 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
727 return 1;
730 blk = img_open("image", filename, fmt, flags, true, quiet);
731 if (!blk) {
732 return 1;
734 bs = blk_bs(blk);
736 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.f);
737 qemu_progress_print(0.f, 100);
739 if (base) {
740 base_bs = bdrv_find_backing_image(bs, base);
741 if (!base_bs) {
742 error_set(&local_err, QERR_BASE_NOT_FOUND, base);
743 goto done;
745 } else {
746 /* This is different from QMP, which by default uses the deepest file in
747 * the backing chain (i.e., the very base); however, the traditional
748 * behavior of qemu-img commit is using the immediate backing file. */
749 base_bs = bs->backing_hd;
750 if (!base_bs) {
751 error_setg(&local_err, "Image does not have a backing file");
752 goto done;
756 cbi = (CommonBlockJobCBInfo){
757 .errp = &local_err,
758 .bs = bs,
761 commit_active_start(bs, base_bs, 0, BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT,
762 common_block_job_cb, &cbi, &local_err);
763 if (local_err) {
764 goto done;
767 /* The block job will swap base_bs and bs (which is not what we really want
768 * here, but okay) and unref base_bs (after the swap, i.e., the old top
769 * image). In order to still be able to empty that top image afterwards,
770 * increment the reference counter here preemptively. */
771 if (!drop) {
772 bdrv_ref(base_bs);
775 run_block_job(bs->job, &local_err);
776 if (local_err) {
777 goto unref_backing;
780 if (!drop && base_bs->drv->bdrv_make_empty) {
781 ret = base_bs->drv->bdrv_make_empty(base_bs);
782 if (ret) {
783 error_setg_errno(&local_err, -ret, "Could not empty %s",
784 filename);
785 goto unref_backing;
789 unref_backing:
790 if (!drop) {
791 bdrv_unref(base_bs);
794 done:
795 qemu_progress_end();
797 blk_unref(blk);
799 if (local_err) {
800 error_report_err(local_err);
801 return 1;
804 qprintf(quiet, "Image committed.\n");
805 return 0;
809 * Returns true iff the first sector pointed to by 'buf' contains at least
810 * a non-NUL byte.
812 * 'pnum' is set to the number of sectors (including and immediately following
813 * the first one) that are known to be in the same allocated/unallocated state.
815 static int is_allocated_sectors(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum)
817 bool is_zero;
818 int i;
820 if (n <= 0) {
821 *pnum = 0;
822 return 0;
824 is_zero = buffer_is_zero(buf, 512);
825 for(i = 1; i < n; i++) {
826 buf += 512;
827 if (is_zero != buffer_is_zero(buf, 512)) {
828 break;
831 *pnum = i;
832 return !is_zero;
836 * Like is_allocated_sectors, but if the buffer starts with a used sector,
837 * up to 'min' consecutive sectors containing zeros are ignored. This avoids
838 * breaking up write requests for only small sparse areas.
840 static int is_allocated_sectors_min(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum,
841 int min)
843 int ret;
844 int num_checked, num_used;
846 if (n < min) {
847 min = n;
850 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buf, n, pnum);
851 if (!ret) {
852 return ret;
855 num_used = *pnum;
856 buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * *pnum;
857 n -= *pnum;
858 num_checked = num_used;
860 while (n > 0) {
861 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buf, n, pnum);
863 buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * *pnum;
864 n -= *pnum;
865 num_checked += *pnum;
866 if (ret) {
867 num_used = num_checked;
868 } else if (*pnum >= min) {
869 break;
873 *pnum = num_used;
874 return 1;
878 * Compares two buffers sector by sector. Returns 0 if the first sector of both
879 * buffers matches, non-zero otherwise.
881 * pnum is set to the number of sectors (including and immediately following
882 * the first one) that are known to have the same comparison result
884 static int compare_sectors(const uint8_t *buf1, const uint8_t *buf2, int n,
885 int *pnum)
887 bool res;
888 int i;
890 if (n <= 0) {
891 *pnum = 0;
892 return 0;
895 res = !!memcmp(buf1, buf2, 512);
896 for(i = 1; i < n; i++) {
897 buf1 += 512;
898 buf2 += 512;
900 if (!!memcmp(buf1, buf2, 512) != res) {
901 break;
905 *pnum = i;
906 return res;
909 #define IO_BUF_SIZE (2 * 1024 * 1024)
911 static int64_t sectors_to_bytes(int64_t sectors)
913 return sectors << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
916 static int64_t sectors_to_process(int64_t total, int64_t from)
918 return MIN(total - from, IO_BUF_SIZE >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
922 * Check if passed sectors are empty (not allocated or contain only 0 bytes)
924 * Returns 0 in case sectors are filled with 0, 1 if sectors contain non-zero
925 * data and negative value on error.
927 * @param blk: BlockBackend for the image
928 * @param sect_num: Number of first sector to check
929 * @param sect_count: Number of sectors to check
930 * @param filename: Name of disk file we are checking (logging purpose)
931 * @param buffer: Allocated buffer for storing read data
932 * @param quiet: Flag for quiet mode
934 static int check_empty_sectors(BlockBackend *blk, int64_t sect_num,
935 int sect_count, const char *filename,
936 uint8_t *buffer, bool quiet)
938 int pnum, ret = 0;
939 ret = blk_read(blk, sect_num, buffer, sect_count);
940 if (ret < 0) {
941 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64 " of %s: %s",
942 sectors_to_bytes(sect_num), filename, strerror(-ret));
943 return ret;
945 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buffer, sect_count, &pnum);
946 if (ret || pnum != sect_count) {
947 qprintf(quiet, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64 "!\n",
948 sectors_to_bytes(ret ? sect_num : sect_num + pnum));
949 return 1;
952 return 0;
956 * Compares two images. Exit codes:
958 * 0 - Images are identical
959 * 1 - Images differ
960 * >1 - Error occurred
962 static int img_compare(int argc, char **argv)
964 const char *fmt1 = NULL, *fmt2 = NULL, *cache, *filename1, *filename2;
965 BlockBackend *blk1, *blk2;
966 BlockDriverState *bs1, *bs2;
967 int64_t total_sectors1, total_sectors2;
968 uint8_t *buf1 = NULL, *buf2 = NULL;
969 int pnum1, pnum2;
970 int allocated1, allocated2;
971 int ret = 0; /* return value - 0 Ident, 1 Different, >1 Error */
972 bool progress = false, quiet = false, strict = false;
973 int flags;
974 int64_t total_sectors;
975 int64_t sector_num = 0;
976 int64_t nb_sectors;
977 int c, pnum;
978 uint64_t progress_base;
980 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
981 for (;;) {
982 c = getopt(argc, argv, "hf:F:T:pqs");
983 if (c == -1) {
984 break;
986 switch (c) {
987 case '?':
988 case 'h':
989 help();
990 break;
991 case 'f':
992 fmt1 = optarg;
993 break;
994 case 'F':
995 fmt2 = optarg;
996 break;
997 case 'T':
998 cache = optarg;
999 break;
1000 case 'p':
1001 progress = true;
1002 break;
1003 case 'q':
1004 quiet = true;
1005 break;
1006 case 's':
1007 strict = true;
1008 break;
1012 /* Progress is not shown in Quiet mode */
1013 if (quiet) {
1014 progress = false;
1018 if (optind != argc - 2) {
1019 error_exit("Expecting two image file names");
1021 filename1 = argv[optind++];
1022 filename2 = argv[optind++];
1024 /* Initialize before goto out */
1025 qemu_progress_init(progress, 2.0);
1027 flags = BDRV_O_FLAGS;
1028 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_flags(cache, &flags);
1029 if (ret < 0) {
1030 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", cache);
1031 ret = 2;
1032 goto out3;
1035 blk1 = img_open("image_1", filename1, fmt1, flags, true, quiet);
1036 if (!blk1) {
1037 ret = 2;
1038 goto out3;
1040 bs1 = blk_bs(blk1);
1042 blk2 = img_open("image_2", filename2, fmt2, flags, true, quiet);
1043 if (!blk2) {
1044 ret = 2;
1045 goto out2;
1047 bs2 = blk_bs(blk2);
1049 buf1 = blk_blockalign(blk1, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1050 buf2 = blk_blockalign(blk2, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1051 total_sectors1 = blk_nb_sectors(blk1);
1052 if (total_sectors1 < 0) {
1053 error_report("Can't get size of %s: %s",
1054 filename1, strerror(-total_sectors1));
1055 ret = 4;
1056 goto out;
1058 total_sectors2 = blk_nb_sectors(blk2);
1059 if (total_sectors2 < 0) {
1060 error_report("Can't get size of %s: %s",
1061 filename2, strerror(-total_sectors2));
1062 ret = 4;
1063 goto out;
1065 total_sectors = MIN(total_sectors1, total_sectors2);
1066 progress_base = MAX(total_sectors1, total_sectors2);
1068 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
1070 if (strict && total_sectors1 != total_sectors2) {
1071 ret = 1;
1072 qprintf(quiet, "Strict mode: Image size mismatch!\n");
1073 goto out;
1076 for (;;) {
1077 nb_sectors = sectors_to_process(total_sectors, sector_num);
1078 if (nb_sectors <= 0) {
1079 break;
1081 allocated1 = bdrv_is_allocated_above(bs1, NULL, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1082 &pnum1);
1083 if (allocated1 < 0) {
1084 ret = 3;
1085 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename1);
1086 goto out;
1089 allocated2 = bdrv_is_allocated_above(bs2, NULL, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1090 &pnum2);
1091 if (allocated2 < 0) {
1092 ret = 3;
1093 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename2);
1094 goto out;
1096 nb_sectors = MIN(pnum1, pnum2);
1098 if (allocated1 == allocated2) {
1099 if (allocated1) {
1100 ret = blk_read(blk1, sector_num, buf1, nb_sectors);
1101 if (ret < 0) {
1102 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64 " of %s:"
1103 " %s", sectors_to_bytes(sector_num), filename1,
1104 strerror(-ret));
1105 ret = 4;
1106 goto out;
1108 ret = blk_read(blk2, sector_num, buf2, nb_sectors);
1109 if (ret < 0) {
1110 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1111 " of %s: %s", sectors_to_bytes(sector_num),
1112 filename2, strerror(-ret));
1113 ret = 4;
1114 goto out;
1116 ret = compare_sectors(buf1, buf2, nb_sectors, &pnum);
1117 if (ret || pnum != nb_sectors) {
1118 qprintf(quiet, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64 "!\n",
1119 sectors_to_bytes(
1120 ret ? sector_num : sector_num + pnum));
1121 ret = 1;
1122 goto out;
1125 } else {
1126 if (strict) {
1127 ret = 1;
1128 qprintf(quiet, "Strict mode: Offset %" PRId64
1129 " allocation mismatch!\n",
1130 sectors_to_bytes(sector_num));
1131 goto out;
1134 if (allocated1) {
1135 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk1, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1136 filename1, buf1, quiet);
1137 } else {
1138 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk2, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1139 filename2, buf1, quiet);
1141 if (ret) {
1142 if (ret < 0) {
1143 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64 ": %s",
1144 sectors_to_bytes(sector_num), strerror(-ret));
1145 ret = 4;
1147 goto out;
1150 sector_num += nb_sectors;
1151 qemu_progress_print(((float) nb_sectors / progress_base)*100, 100);
1154 if (total_sectors1 != total_sectors2) {
1155 BlockBackend *blk_over;
1156 int64_t total_sectors_over;
1157 const char *filename_over;
1159 qprintf(quiet, "Warning: Image size mismatch!\n");
1160 if (total_sectors1 > total_sectors2) {
1161 total_sectors_over = total_sectors1;
1162 blk_over = blk1;
1163 filename_over = filename1;
1164 } else {
1165 total_sectors_over = total_sectors2;
1166 blk_over = blk2;
1167 filename_over = filename2;
1170 for (;;) {
1171 nb_sectors = sectors_to_process(total_sectors_over, sector_num);
1172 if (nb_sectors <= 0) {
1173 break;
1175 ret = bdrv_is_allocated_above(blk_bs(blk_over), NULL, sector_num,
1176 nb_sectors, &pnum);
1177 if (ret < 0) {
1178 ret = 3;
1179 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s",
1180 filename_over);
1181 goto out;
1184 nb_sectors = pnum;
1185 if (ret) {
1186 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk_over, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1187 filename_over, buf1, quiet);
1188 if (ret) {
1189 if (ret < 0) {
1190 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1191 " of %s: %s", sectors_to_bytes(sector_num),
1192 filename_over, strerror(-ret));
1193 ret = 4;
1195 goto out;
1198 sector_num += nb_sectors;
1199 qemu_progress_print(((float) nb_sectors / progress_base)*100, 100);
1203 qprintf(quiet, "Images are identical.\n");
1204 ret = 0;
1206 out:
1207 qemu_vfree(buf1);
1208 qemu_vfree(buf2);
1209 blk_unref(blk2);
1210 out2:
1211 blk_unref(blk1);
1212 out3:
1213 qemu_progress_end();
1214 return ret;
1217 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus {
1218 BLK_DATA,
1219 BLK_ZERO,
1220 BLK_BACKING_FILE,
1223 typedef struct ImgConvertState {
1224 BlockBackend **src;
1225 int64_t *src_sectors;
1226 int src_cur, src_num;
1227 int64_t src_cur_offset;
1228 int64_t total_sectors;
1229 int64_t allocated_sectors;
1230 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status;
1231 int64_t sector_next_status;
1232 BlockBackend *target;
1233 bool has_zero_init;
1234 bool compressed;
1235 bool target_has_backing;
1236 int min_sparse;
1237 size_t cluster_sectors;
1238 size_t buf_sectors;
1239 } ImgConvertState;
1241 static void convert_select_part(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num)
1243 assert(sector_num >= s->src_cur_offset);
1244 while (sector_num - s->src_cur_offset >= s->src_sectors[s->src_cur]) {
1245 s->src_cur_offset += s->src_sectors[s->src_cur];
1246 s->src_cur++;
1247 assert(s->src_cur < s->src_num);
1251 static int convert_iteration_sectors(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num)
1253 int64_t ret;
1254 int n;
1256 convert_select_part(s, sector_num);
1258 assert(s->total_sectors > sector_num);
1259 n = MIN(s->total_sectors - sector_num, BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_SECTORS);
1261 if (s->sector_next_status <= sector_num) {
1262 ret = bdrv_get_block_status(blk_bs(s->src[s->src_cur]),
1263 sector_num - s->src_cur_offset,
1264 n, &n);
1265 if (ret < 0) {
1266 return ret;
1269 if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO) {
1270 s->status = BLK_ZERO;
1271 } else if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA) {
1272 s->status = BLK_DATA;
1273 } else if (!s->target_has_backing) {
1274 /* Without a target backing file we must copy over the contents of
1275 * the backing file as well. */
1276 /* TODO Check block status of the backing file chain to avoid
1277 * needlessly reading zeroes and limiting the iteration to the
1278 * buffer size */
1279 s->status = BLK_DATA;
1280 } else {
1281 s->status = BLK_BACKING_FILE;
1284 s->sector_next_status = sector_num + n;
1287 n = MIN(n, s->sector_next_status - sector_num);
1288 if (s->status == BLK_DATA) {
1289 n = MIN(n, s->buf_sectors);
1292 /* We need to write complete clusters for compressed images, so if an
1293 * unallocated area is shorter than that, we must consider the whole
1294 * cluster allocated. */
1295 if (s->compressed) {
1296 if (n < s->cluster_sectors) {
1297 n = MIN(s->cluster_sectors, s->total_sectors - sector_num);
1298 s->status = BLK_DATA;
1299 } else {
1300 n = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(n, s->cluster_sectors);
1304 return n;
1307 static int convert_read(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num, int nb_sectors,
1308 uint8_t *buf)
1310 int n;
1311 int ret;
1313 if (s->status == BLK_ZERO || s->status == BLK_BACKING_FILE) {
1314 return 0;
1317 assert(nb_sectors <= s->buf_sectors);
1318 while (nb_sectors > 0) {
1319 BlockBackend *blk;
1320 int64_t bs_sectors;
1322 /* In the case of compression with multiple source files, we can get a
1323 * nb_sectors that spreads into the next part. So we must be able to
1324 * read across multiple BDSes for one convert_read() call. */
1325 convert_select_part(s, sector_num);
1326 blk = s->src[s->src_cur];
1327 bs_sectors = s->src_sectors[s->src_cur];
1329 n = MIN(nb_sectors, bs_sectors - (sector_num - s->src_cur_offset));
1330 ret = blk_read(blk, sector_num - s->src_cur_offset, buf, n);
1331 if (ret < 0) {
1332 return ret;
1335 sector_num += n;
1336 nb_sectors -= n;
1337 buf += n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1340 return 0;
1343 static int convert_write(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num, int nb_sectors,
1344 const uint8_t *buf)
1346 int ret;
1348 while (nb_sectors > 0) {
1349 int n = nb_sectors;
1351 switch (s->status) {
1352 case BLK_BACKING_FILE:
1353 /* If we have a backing file, leave clusters unallocated that are
1354 * unallocated in the source image, so that the backing file is
1355 * visible at the respective offset. */
1356 assert(s->target_has_backing);
1357 break;
1359 case BLK_DATA:
1360 /* We must always write compressed clusters as a whole, so don't
1361 * try to find zeroed parts in the buffer. We can only save the
1362 * write if the buffer is completely zeroed and we're allowed to
1363 * keep the target sparse. */
1364 if (s->compressed) {
1365 if (s->has_zero_init && s->min_sparse &&
1366 buffer_is_zero(buf, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE))
1368 assert(!s->target_has_backing);
1369 break;
1372 ret = blk_write_compressed(s->target, sector_num, buf, n);
1373 if (ret < 0) {
1374 return ret;
1376 break;
1379 /* If there is real non-zero data or we're told to keep the target
1380 * fully allocated (-S 0), we must write it. Otherwise we can treat
1381 * it as zero sectors. */
1382 if (!s->min_sparse ||
1383 is_allocated_sectors_min(buf, n, &n, s->min_sparse))
1385 ret = blk_write(s->target, sector_num, buf, n);
1386 if (ret < 0) {
1387 return ret;
1389 break;
1391 /* fall-through */
1393 case BLK_ZERO:
1394 if (s->has_zero_init) {
1395 break;
1397 ret = blk_write_zeroes(s->target, sector_num, n, 0);
1398 if (ret < 0) {
1399 return ret;
1401 break;
1404 sector_num += n;
1405 nb_sectors -= n;
1406 buf += n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1409 return 0;
1412 static int convert_do_copy(ImgConvertState *s)
1414 uint8_t *buf = NULL;
1415 int64_t sector_num, allocated_done;
1416 int ret;
1417 int n;
1419 /* Check whether we have zero initialisation or can get it efficiently */
1420 s->has_zero_init = s->min_sparse && !s->target_has_backing
1421 ? bdrv_has_zero_init(blk_bs(s->target))
1422 : false;
1424 if (!s->has_zero_init && !s->target_has_backing &&
1425 bdrv_can_write_zeroes_with_unmap(blk_bs(s->target)))
1427 ret = bdrv_make_zero(blk_bs(s->target), BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP);
1428 if (ret == 0) {
1429 s->has_zero_init = true;
1433 /* Allocate buffer for copied data. For compressed images, only one cluster
1434 * can be copied at a time. */
1435 if (s->compressed) {
1436 if (s->cluster_sectors <= 0 || s->cluster_sectors > s->buf_sectors) {
1437 error_report("invalid cluster size");
1438 ret = -EINVAL;
1439 goto fail;
1441 s->buf_sectors = s->cluster_sectors;
1443 buf = blk_blockalign(s->target, s->buf_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1445 /* Calculate allocated sectors for progress */
1446 s->allocated_sectors = 0;
1447 sector_num = 0;
1448 while (sector_num < s->total_sectors) {
1449 n = convert_iteration_sectors(s, sector_num);
1450 if (n < 0) {
1451 ret = n;
1452 goto fail;
1454 if (s->status == BLK_DATA) {
1455 s->allocated_sectors += n;
1457 sector_num += n;
1460 /* Do the copy */
1461 s->src_cur = 0;
1462 s->src_cur_offset = 0;
1463 s->sector_next_status = 0;
1465 sector_num = 0;
1466 allocated_done = 0;
1468 while (sector_num < s->total_sectors) {
1469 n = convert_iteration_sectors(s, sector_num);
1470 if (n < 0) {
1471 ret = n;
1472 goto fail;
1474 if (s->status == BLK_DATA) {
1475 allocated_done += n;
1476 qemu_progress_print(100.0 * allocated_done / s->allocated_sectors,
1480 ret = convert_read(s, sector_num, n, buf);
1481 if (ret < 0) {
1482 error_report("error while reading sector %" PRId64
1483 ": %s", sector_num, strerror(-ret));
1484 goto fail;
1487 ret = convert_write(s, sector_num, n, buf);
1488 if (ret < 0) {
1489 error_report("error while writing sector %" PRId64
1490 ": %s", sector_num, strerror(-ret));
1491 goto fail;
1494 sector_num += n;
1497 if (s->compressed) {
1498 /* signal EOF to align */
1499 ret = blk_write_compressed(s->target, 0, NULL, 0);
1500 if (ret < 0) {
1501 goto fail;
1505 ret = 0;
1506 fail:
1507 qemu_vfree(buf);
1508 return ret;
1511 static int img_convert(int argc, char **argv)
1513 int c, bs_n, bs_i, compress, cluster_sectors, skip_create;
1514 int64_t ret = 0;
1515 int progress = 0, flags, src_flags;
1516 const char *fmt, *out_fmt, *cache, *src_cache, *out_baseimg, *out_filename;
1517 BlockDriver *drv, *proto_drv;
1518 BlockBackend **blk = NULL, *out_blk = NULL;
1519 BlockDriverState **bs = NULL, *out_bs = NULL;
1520 int64_t total_sectors;
1521 int64_t *bs_sectors = NULL;
1522 size_t bufsectors = IO_BUF_SIZE / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1523 BlockDriverInfo bdi;
1524 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
1525 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
1526 const char *out_baseimg_param;
1527 char *options = NULL;
1528 const char *snapshot_name = NULL;
1529 int min_sparse = 8; /* Need at least 4k of zeros for sparse detection */
1530 bool quiet = false;
1531 Error *local_err = NULL;
1532 QemuOpts *sn_opts = NULL;
1533 ImgConvertState state;
1535 fmt = NULL;
1536 out_fmt = "raw";
1537 cache = "unsafe";
1538 src_cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
1539 out_baseimg = NULL;
1540 compress = 0;
1541 skip_create = 0;
1542 for(;;) {
1543 c = getopt(argc, argv, "hf:O:B:ce6o:s:l:S:pt:T:qn");
1544 if (c == -1) {
1545 break;
1547 switch(c) {
1548 case '?':
1549 case 'h':
1550 help();
1551 break;
1552 case 'f':
1553 fmt = optarg;
1554 break;
1555 case 'O':
1556 out_fmt = optarg;
1557 break;
1558 case 'B':
1559 out_baseimg = optarg;
1560 break;
1561 case 'c':
1562 compress = 1;
1563 break;
1564 case 'e':
1565 error_report("option -e is deprecated, please use \'-o "
1566 "encryption\' instead!");
1567 ret = -1;
1568 goto fail_getopt;
1569 case '6':
1570 error_report("option -6 is deprecated, please use \'-o "
1571 "compat6\' instead!");
1572 ret = -1;
1573 goto fail_getopt;
1574 case 'o':
1575 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
1576 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
1577 ret = -1;
1578 goto fail_getopt;
1580 if (!options) {
1581 options = g_strdup(optarg);
1582 } else {
1583 char *old_options = options;
1584 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
1585 g_free(old_options);
1587 break;
1588 case 's':
1589 snapshot_name = optarg;
1590 break;
1591 case 'l':
1592 if (strstart(optarg, SNAPSHOT_OPT_BASE, NULL)) {
1593 sn_opts = qemu_opts_parse(&internal_snapshot_opts, optarg, 0);
1594 if (!sn_opts) {
1595 error_report("Failed in parsing snapshot param '%s'",
1596 optarg);
1597 ret = -1;
1598 goto fail_getopt;
1600 } else {
1601 snapshot_name = optarg;
1603 break;
1604 case 'S':
1606 int64_t sval;
1607 char *end;
1608 sval = strtosz_suffix(optarg, &end, STRTOSZ_DEFSUFFIX_B);
1609 if (sval < 0 || *end) {
1610 error_report("Invalid minimum zero buffer size for sparse output specified");
1611 ret = -1;
1612 goto fail_getopt;
1615 min_sparse = sval / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1616 break;
1618 case 'p':
1619 progress = 1;
1620 break;
1621 case 't':
1622 cache = optarg;
1623 break;
1624 case 'T':
1625 src_cache = optarg;
1626 break;
1627 case 'q':
1628 quiet = true;
1629 break;
1630 case 'n':
1631 skip_create = 1;
1632 break;
1636 /* Initialize before goto out */
1637 if (quiet) {
1638 progress = 0;
1640 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.0);
1643 bs_n = argc - optind - 1;
1644 out_filename = bs_n >= 1 ? argv[argc - 1] : NULL;
1646 if (options && has_help_option(options)) {
1647 ret = print_block_option_help(out_filename, out_fmt);
1648 goto out;
1651 if (bs_n < 1) {
1652 error_exit("Must specify image file name");
1656 if (bs_n > 1 && out_baseimg) {
1657 error_report("-B makes no sense when concatenating multiple input "
1658 "images");
1659 ret = -1;
1660 goto out;
1663 src_flags = BDRV_O_FLAGS;
1664 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_flags(src_cache, &src_flags);
1665 if (ret < 0) {
1666 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", src_cache);
1667 goto out;
1670 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
1672 blk = g_new0(BlockBackend *, bs_n);
1673 bs = g_new0(BlockDriverState *, bs_n);
1674 bs_sectors = g_new(int64_t, bs_n);
1676 total_sectors = 0;
1677 for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < bs_n; bs_i++) {
1678 char *id = bs_n > 1 ? g_strdup_printf("source_%d", bs_i)
1679 : g_strdup("source");
1680 blk[bs_i] = img_open(id, argv[optind + bs_i], fmt, src_flags,
1681 true, quiet);
1682 g_free(id);
1683 if (!blk[bs_i]) {
1684 ret = -1;
1685 goto out;
1687 bs[bs_i] = blk_bs(blk[bs_i]);
1688 bs_sectors[bs_i] = blk_nb_sectors(blk[bs_i]);
1689 if (bs_sectors[bs_i] < 0) {
1690 error_report("Could not get size of %s: %s",
1691 argv[optind + bs_i], strerror(-bs_sectors[bs_i]));
1692 ret = -1;
1693 goto out;
1695 total_sectors += bs_sectors[bs_i];
1698 if (sn_opts) {
1699 ret = bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp(bs[0],
1700 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_ID),
1701 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_NAME),
1702 &local_err);
1703 } else if (snapshot_name != NULL) {
1704 if (bs_n > 1) {
1705 error_report("No support for concatenating multiple snapshot");
1706 ret = -1;
1707 goto out;
1710 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp_by_id_or_name(bs[0], snapshot_name, &local_err);
1712 if (local_err) {
1713 error_report("Failed to load snapshot: %s",
1714 error_get_pretty(local_err));
1715 error_free(local_err);
1716 ret = -1;
1717 goto out;
1720 /* Find driver and parse its options */
1721 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
1722 if (!drv) {
1723 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", out_fmt);
1724 ret = -1;
1725 goto out;
1728 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(out_filename, true, &local_err);
1729 if (!proto_drv) {
1730 error_report_err(local_err);
1731 ret = -1;
1732 goto out;
1735 if (!skip_create) {
1736 if (!drv->create_opts) {
1737 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation",
1738 drv->format_name);
1739 ret = -1;
1740 goto out;
1743 if (!proto_drv->create_opts) {
1744 error_report("Protocol driver '%s' does not support image creation",
1745 proto_drv->format_name);
1746 ret = -1;
1747 goto out;
1750 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
1751 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
1753 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
1754 if (options) {
1755 qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, &local_err);
1756 if (local_err) {
1757 error_report_err(local_err);
1758 ret = -1;
1759 goto out;
1763 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, total_sectors * 512,
1764 &error_abort);
1765 ret = add_old_style_options(out_fmt, opts, out_baseimg, NULL);
1766 if (ret < 0) {
1767 goto out;
1771 /* Get backing file name if -o backing_file was used */
1772 out_baseimg_param = qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE);
1773 if (out_baseimg_param) {
1774 out_baseimg = out_baseimg_param;
1777 /* Check if compression is supported */
1778 if (compress) {
1779 bool encryption =
1780 qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT, false);
1781 const char *preallocation =
1782 qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_PREALLOC);
1784 if (!drv->bdrv_write_compressed) {
1785 error_report("Compression not supported for this file format");
1786 ret = -1;
1787 goto out;
1790 if (encryption) {
1791 error_report("Compression and encryption not supported at "
1792 "the same time");
1793 ret = -1;
1794 goto out;
1797 if (preallocation
1798 && strcmp(preallocation, "off"))
1800 error_report("Compression and preallocation not supported at "
1801 "the same time");
1802 ret = -1;
1803 goto out;
1807 if (!skip_create) {
1808 /* Create the new image */
1809 ret = bdrv_create(drv, out_filename, opts, &local_err);
1810 if (ret < 0) {
1811 error_report("%s: error while converting %s: %s",
1812 out_filename, out_fmt, error_get_pretty(local_err));
1813 error_free(local_err);
1814 goto out;
1818 flags = min_sparse ? (BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_UNMAP) : BDRV_O_RDWR;
1819 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_flags(cache, &flags);
1820 if (ret < 0) {
1821 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
1822 goto out;
1825 out_blk = img_open("target", out_filename, out_fmt, flags, true, quiet);
1826 if (!out_blk) {
1827 ret = -1;
1828 goto out;
1830 out_bs = blk_bs(out_blk);
1832 /* increase bufsectors from the default 4096 (2M) if opt_transfer_length
1833 * or discard_alignment of the out_bs is greater. Limit to 32768 (16MB)
1834 * as maximum. */
1835 bufsectors = MIN(32768,
1836 MAX(bufsectors, MAX(out_bs->bl.opt_transfer_length,
1837 out_bs->bl.discard_alignment))
1840 if (skip_create) {
1841 int64_t output_sectors = blk_nb_sectors(out_blk);
1842 if (output_sectors < 0) {
1843 error_report("unable to get output image length: %s",
1844 strerror(-output_sectors));
1845 ret = -1;
1846 goto out;
1847 } else if (output_sectors < total_sectors) {
1848 error_report("output file is smaller than input file");
1849 ret = -1;
1850 goto out;
1854 cluster_sectors = 0;
1855 ret = bdrv_get_info(out_bs, &bdi);
1856 if (ret < 0) {
1857 if (compress) {
1858 error_report("could not get block driver info");
1859 goto out;
1861 } else {
1862 compress = compress || bdi.needs_compressed_writes;
1863 cluster_sectors = bdi.cluster_size / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1866 state = (ImgConvertState) {
1867 .src = blk,
1868 .src_sectors = bs_sectors,
1869 .src_num = bs_n,
1870 .total_sectors = total_sectors,
1871 .target = out_blk,
1872 .compressed = compress,
1873 .target_has_backing = (bool) out_baseimg,
1874 .min_sparse = min_sparse,
1875 .cluster_sectors = cluster_sectors,
1876 .buf_sectors = bufsectors,
1878 ret = convert_do_copy(&state);
1880 out:
1881 if (!ret) {
1882 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
1884 qemu_progress_end();
1885 qemu_opts_del(opts);
1886 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
1887 qemu_opts_del(sn_opts);
1888 blk_unref(out_blk);
1889 g_free(bs);
1890 if (blk) {
1891 for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < bs_n; bs_i++) {
1892 blk_unref(blk[bs_i]);
1894 g_free(blk);
1896 g_free(bs_sectors);
1897 fail_getopt:
1898 g_free(options);
1900 if (ret) {
1901 return 1;
1903 return 0;
1907 static void dump_snapshots(BlockDriverState *bs)
1909 QEMUSnapshotInfo *sn_tab, *sn;
1910 int nb_sns, i;
1912 nb_sns = bdrv_snapshot_list(bs, &sn_tab);
1913 if (nb_sns <= 0)
1914 return;
1915 printf("Snapshot list:\n");
1916 bdrv_snapshot_dump(fprintf, stdout, NULL);
1917 printf("\n");
1918 for(i = 0; i < nb_sns; i++) {
1919 sn = &sn_tab[i];
1920 bdrv_snapshot_dump(fprintf, stdout, sn);
1921 printf("\n");
1923 g_free(sn_tab);
1926 static void dump_json_image_info_list(ImageInfoList *list)
1928 Error *local_err = NULL;
1929 QString *str;
1930 QmpOutputVisitor *ov = qmp_output_visitor_new();
1931 QObject *obj;
1932 visit_type_ImageInfoList(qmp_output_get_visitor(ov),
1933 &list, NULL, &local_err);
1934 obj = qmp_output_get_qobject(ov);
1935 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
1936 assert(str != NULL);
1937 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
1938 qobject_decref(obj);
1939 qmp_output_visitor_cleanup(ov);
1940 QDECREF(str);
1943 static void dump_json_image_info(ImageInfo *info)
1945 Error *local_err = NULL;
1946 QString *str;
1947 QmpOutputVisitor *ov = qmp_output_visitor_new();
1948 QObject *obj;
1949 visit_type_ImageInfo(qmp_output_get_visitor(ov),
1950 &info, NULL, &local_err);
1951 obj = qmp_output_get_qobject(ov);
1952 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
1953 assert(str != NULL);
1954 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
1955 qobject_decref(obj);
1956 qmp_output_visitor_cleanup(ov);
1957 QDECREF(str);
1960 static void dump_human_image_info_list(ImageInfoList *list)
1962 ImageInfoList *elem;
1963 bool delim = false;
1965 for (elem = list; elem; elem = elem->next) {
1966 if (delim) {
1967 printf("\n");
1969 delim = true;
1971 bdrv_image_info_dump(fprintf, stdout, elem->value);
1975 static gboolean str_equal_func(gconstpointer a, gconstpointer b)
1977 return strcmp(a, b) == 0;
1981 * Open an image file chain and return an ImageInfoList
1983 * @filename: topmost image filename
1984 * @fmt: topmost image format (may be NULL to autodetect)
1985 * @chain: true - enumerate entire backing file chain
1986 * false - only topmost image file
1988 * Returns a list of ImageInfo objects or NULL if there was an error opening an
1989 * image file. If there was an error a message will have been printed to
1990 * stderr.
1992 static ImageInfoList *collect_image_info_list(const char *filename,
1993 const char *fmt,
1994 bool chain)
1996 ImageInfoList *head = NULL;
1997 ImageInfoList **last = &head;
1998 GHashTable *filenames;
1999 Error *err = NULL;
2001 filenames = g_hash_table_new_full(g_str_hash, str_equal_func, NULL, NULL);
2003 while (filename) {
2004 BlockBackend *blk;
2005 BlockDriverState *bs;
2006 ImageInfo *info;
2007 ImageInfoList *elem;
2009 if (g_hash_table_lookup_extended(filenames, filename, NULL, NULL)) {
2010 error_report("Backing file '%s' creates an infinite loop.",
2011 filename);
2012 goto err;
2014 g_hash_table_insert(filenames, (gpointer)filename, NULL);
2016 blk = img_open("image", filename, fmt,
2017 BDRV_O_FLAGS | BDRV_O_NO_BACKING, false, false);
2018 if (!blk) {
2019 goto err;
2021 bs = blk_bs(blk);
2023 bdrv_query_image_info(bs, &info, &err);
2024 if (err) {
2025 error_report_err(err);
2026 blk_unref(blk);
2027 goto err;
2030 elem = g_new0(ImageInfoList, 1);
2031 elem->value = info;
2032 *last = elem;
2033 last = &elem->next;
2035 blk_unref(blk);
2037 filename = fmt = NULL;
2038 if (chain) {
2039 if (info->has_full_backing_filename) {
2040 filename = info->full_backing_filename;
2041 } else if (info->has_backing_filename) {
2042 filename = info->backing_filename;
2044 if (info->has_backing_filename_format) {
2045 fmt = info->backing_filename_format;
2049 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames);
2050 return head;
2052 err:
2053 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(head);
2054 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames);
2055 return NULL;
2058 static int img_info(int argc, char **argv)
2060 int c;
2061 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2062 bool chain = false;
2063 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
2064 ImageInfoList *list;
2066 fmt = NULL;
2067 output = NULL;
2068 for(;;) {
2069 int option_index = 0;
2070 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2071 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2072 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
2073 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
2074 {"backing-chain", no_argument, 0, OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN},
2075 {0, 0, 0, 0}
2077 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "f:h",
2078 long_options, &option_index);
2079 if (c == -1) {
2080 break;
2082 switch(c) {
2083 case '?':
2084 case 'h':
2085 help();
2086 break;
2087 case 'f':
2088 fmt = optarg;
2089 break;
2090 case OPTION_OUTPUT:
2091 output = optarg;
2092 break;
2093 case OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN:
2094 chain = true;
2095 break;
2098 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2099 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2101 filename = argv[optind++];
2103 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
2104 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
2105 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
2106 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2107 } else if (output) {
2108 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
2109 return 1;
2112 list = collect_image_info_list(filename, fmt, chain);
2113 if (!list) {
2114 return 1;
2117 switch (output_format) {
2118 case OFORMAT_HUMAN:
2119 dump_human_image_info_list(list);
2120 break;
2121 case OFORMAT_JSON:
2122 if (chain) {
2123 dump_json_image_info_list(list);
2124 } else {
2125 dump_json_image_info(list->value);
2127 break;
2130 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(list);
2131 return 0;
2135 typedef struct MapEntry {
2136 int flags;
2137 int depth;
2138 int64_t start;
2139 int64_t length;
2140 int64_t offset;
2141 BlockDriverState *bs;
2142 } MapEntry;
2144 static void dump_map_entry(OutputFormat output_format, MapEntry *e,
2145 MapEntry *next)
2147 switch (output_format) {
2148 case OFORMAT_HUMAN:
2149 if ((e->flags & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA) &&
2150 !(e->flags & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID)) {
2151 error_report("File contains external, encrypted or compressed clusters.");
2152 exit(1);
2154 if ((e->flags & (BDRV_BLOCK_DATA|BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO)) == BDRV_BLOCK_DATA) {
2155 printf("%#-16"PRIx64"%#-16"PRIx64"%#-16"PRIx64"%s\n",
2156 e->start, e->length, e->offset, e->bs->filename);
2158 /* This format ignores the distinction between 0, ZERO and ZERO|DATA.
2159 * Modify the flags here to allow more coalescing.
2161 if (next &&
2162 (next->flags & (BDRV_BLOCK_DATA|BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO)) != BDRV_BLOCK_DATA) {
2163 next->flags &= ~BDRV_BLOCK_DATA;
2164 next->flags |= BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO;
2166 break;
2167 case OFORMAT_JSON:
2168 printf("%s{ \"start\": %"PRId64", \"length\": %"PRId64", \"depth\": %d,"
2169 " \"zero\": %s, \"data\": %s",
2170 (e->start == 0 ? "[" : ",\n"),
2171 e->start, e->length, e->depth,
2172 (e->flags & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO) ? "true" : "false",
2173 (e->flags & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA) ? "true" : "false");
2174 if (e->flags & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID) {
2175 printf(", \"offset\": %"PRId64"", e->offset);
2177 putchar('}');
2179 if (!next) {
2180 printf("]\n");
2182 break;
2186 static int get_block_status(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sector_num,
2187 int nb_sectors, MapEntry *e)
2189 int64_t ret;
2190 int depth;
2192 /* As an optimization, we could cache the current range of unallocated
2193 * clusters in each file of the chain, and avoid querying the same
2194 * range repeatedly.
2197 depth = 0;
2198 for (;;) {
2199 ret = bdrv_get_block_status(bs, sector_num, nb_sectors, &nb_sectors);
2200 if (ret < 0) {
2201 return ret;
2203 assert(nb_sectors);
2204 if (ret & (BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO|BDRV_BLOCK_DATA)) {
2205 break;
2207 bs = bs->backing_hd;
2208 if (bs == NULL) {
2209 ret = 0;
2210 break;
2213 depth++;
2216 e->start = sector_num * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
2217 e->length = nb_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
2218 e->flags = ret & ~BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_MASK;
2219 e->offset = ret & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_MASK;
2220 e->depth = depth;
2221 e->bs = bs;
2222 return 0;
2225 static int img_map(int argc, char **argv)
2227 int c;
2228 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2229 BlockBackend *blk;
2230 BlockDriverState *bs;
2231 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
2232 int64_t length;
2233 MapEntry curr = { .length = 0 }, next;
2234 int ret = 0;
2236 fmt = NULL;
2237 output = NULL;
2238 for (;;) {
2239 int option_index = 0;
2240 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2241 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2242 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
2243 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
2244 {0, 0, 0, 0}
2246 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "f:h",
2247 long_options, &option_index);
2248 if (c == -1) {
2249 break;
2251 switch (c) {
2252 case '?':
2253 case 'h':
2254 help();
2255 break;
2256 case 'f':
2257 fmt = optarg;
2258 break;
2259 case OPTION_OUTPUT:
2260 output = optarg;
2261 break;
2264 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2265 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2267 filename = argv[optind];
2269 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
2270 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
2271 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
2272 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2273 } else if (output) {
2274 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
2275 return 1;
2278 blk = img_open("image", filename, fmt, BDRV_O_FLAGS, true, false);
2279 if (!blk) {
2280 return 1;
2282 bs = blk_bs(blk);
2284 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
2285 printf("%-16s%-16s%-16s%s\n", "Offset", "Length", "Mapped to", "File");
2288 length = blk_getlength(blk);
2289 while (curr.start + curr.length < length) {
2290 int64_t nsectors_left;
2291 int64_t sector_num;
2292 int n;
2294 sector_num = (curr.start + curr.length) >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
2296 /* Probe up to 1 GiB at a time. */
2297 nsectors_left = DIV_ROUND_UP(length, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE) - sector_num;
2298 n = MIN(1 << (30 - BDRV_SECTOR_BITS), nsectors_left);
2299 ret = get_block_status(bs, sector_num, n, &next);
2301 if (ret < 0) {
2302 error_report("Could not read file metadata: %s", strerror(-ret));
2303 goto out;
2306 if (curr.length != 0 && curr.flags == next.flags &&
2307 curr.depth == next.depth &&
2308 ((curr.flags & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID) == 0 ||
2309 curr.offset + curr.length == next.offset)) {
2310 curr.length += next.length;
2311 continue;
2314 if (curr.length > 0) {
2315 dump_map_entry(output_format, &curr, &next);
2317 curr = next;
2320 dump_map_entry(output_format, &curr, NULL);
2322 out:
2323 blk_unref(blk);
2324 return ret < 0;
2327 #define SNAPSHOT_LIST 1
2328 #define SNAPSHOT_CREATE 2
2329 #define SNAPSHOT_APPLY 3
2330 #define SNAPSHOT_DELETE 4
2332 static int img_snapshot(int argc, char **argv)
2334 BlockBackend *blk;
2335 BlockDriverState *bs;
2336 QEMUSnapshotInfo sn;
2337 char *filename, *snapshot_name = NULL;
2338 int c, ret = 0, bdrv_oflags;
2339 int action = 0;
2340 qemu_timeval tv;
2341 bool quiet = false;
2342 Error *err = NULL;
2344 bdrv_oflags = BDRV_O_FLAGS | BDRV_O_RDWR;
2345 /* Parse commandline parameters */
2346 for(;;) {
2347 c = getopt(argc, argv, "la:c:d:hq");
2348 if (c == -1) {
2349 break;
2351 switch(c) {
2352 case '?':
2353 case 'h':
2354 help();
2355 return 0;
2356 case 'l':
2357 if (action) {
2358 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2359 return 0;
2361 action = SNAPSHOT_LIST;
2362 bdrv_oflags &= ~BDRV_O_RDWR; /* no need for RW */
2363 break;
2364 case 'a':
2365 if (action) {
2366 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2367 return 0;
2369 action = SNAPSHOT_APPLY;
2370 snapshot_name = optarg;
2371 break;
2372 case 'c':
2373 if (action) {
2374 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2375 return 0;
2377 action = SNAPSHOT_CREATE;
2378 snapshot_name = optarg;
2379 break;
2380 case 'd':
2381 if (action) {
2382 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2383 return 0;
2385 action = SNAPSHOT_DELETE;
2386 snapshot_name = optarg;
2387 break;
2388 case 'q':
2389 quiet = true;
2390 break;
2394 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2395 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2397 filename = argv[optind++];
2399 /* Open the image */
2400 blk = img_open("image", filename, NULL, bdrv_oflags, true, quiet);
2401 if (!blk) {
2402 return 1;
2404 bs = blk_bs(blk);
2406 /* Perform the requested action */
2407 switch(action) {
2408 case SNAPSHOT_LIST:
2409 dump_snapshots(bs);
2410 break;
2412 case SNAPSHOT_CREATE:
2413 memset(&sn, 0, sizeof(sn));
2414 pstrcpy(sn.name, sizeof(sn.name), snapshot_name);
2416 qemu_gettimeofday(&tv);
2417 sn.date_sec = tv.tv_sec;
2418 sn.date_nsec = tv.tv_usec * 1000;
2420 ret = bdrv_snapshot_create(bs, &sn);
2421 if (ret) {
2422 error_report("Could not create snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
2423 snapshot_name, ret, strerror(-ret));
2425 break;
2427 case SNAPSHOT_APPLY:
2428 ret = bdrv_snapshot_goto(bs, snapshot_name);
2429 if (ret) {
2430 error_report("Could not apply snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
2431 snapshot_name, ret, strerror(-ret));
2433 break;
2435 case SNAPSHOT_DELETE:
2436 bdrv_snapshot_delete_by_id_or_name(bs, snapshot_name, &err);
2437 if (err) {
2438 error_report("Could not delete snapshot '%s': (%s)",
2439 snapshot_name, error_get_pretty(err));
2440 error_free(err);
2441 ret = 1;
2443 break;
2446 /* Cleanup */
2447 blk_unref(blk);
2448 if (ret) {
2449 return 1;
2451 return 0;
2454 static int img_rebase(int argc, char **argv)
2456 BlockBackend *blk = NULL, *blk_old_backing = NULL, *blk_new_backing = NULL;
2457 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL;
2458 char *filename;
2459 const char *fmt, *cache, *src_cache, *out_basefmt, *out_baseimg;
2460 int c, flags, src_flags, ret;
2461 int unsafe = 0;
2462 int progress = 0;
2463 bool quiet = false;
2464 Error *local_err = NULL;
2466 /* Parse commandline parameters */
2467 fmt = NULL;
2468 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
2469 src_cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
2470 out_baseimg = NULL;
2471 out_basefmt = NULL;
2472 for(;;) {
2473 c = getopt(argc, argv, "hf:F:b:upt:T:q");
2474 if (c == -1) {
2475 break;
2477 switch(c) {
2478 case '?':
2479 case 'h':
2480 help();
2481 return 0;
2482 case 'f':
2483 fmt = optarg;
2484 break;
2485 case 'F':
2486 out_basefmt = optarg;
2487 break;
2488 case 'b':
2489 out_baseimg = optarg;
2490 break;
2491 case 'u':
2492 unsafe = 1;
2493 break;
2494 case 'p':
2495 progress = 1;
2496 break;
2497 case 't':
2498 cache = optarg;
2499 break;
2500 case 'T':
2501 src_cache = optarg;
2502 break;
2503 case 'q':
2504 quiet = true;
2505 break;
2509 if (quiet) {
2510 progress = 0;
2513 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2514 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2516 if (!unsafe && !out_baseimg) {
2517 error_exit("Must specify backing file (-b) or use unsafe mode (-u)");
2519 filename = argv[optind++];
2521 qemu_progress_init(progress, 2.0);
2522 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
2524 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR | (unsafe ? BDRV_O_NO_BACKING : 0);
2525 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_flags(cache, &flags);
2526 if (ret < 0) {
2527 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
2528 goto out;
2531 src_flags = BDRV_O_FLAGS;
2532 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_flags(src_cache, &src_flags);
2533 if (ret < 0) {
2534 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", src_cache);
2535 goto out;
2539 * Open the images.
2541 * Ignore the old backing file for unsafe rebase in case we want to correct
2542 * the reference to a renamed or moved backing file.
2544 blk = img_open("image", filename, fmt, flags, true, quiet);
2545 if (!blk) {
2546 ret = -1;
2547 goto out;
2549 bs = blk_bs(blk);
2551 if (out_basefmt != NULL) {
2552 if (bdrv_find_format(out_basefmt) == NULL) {
2553 error_report("Invalid format name: '%s'", out_basefmt);
2554 ret = -1;
2555 goto out;
2559 /* For safe rebasing we need to compare old and new backing file */
2560 if (!unsafe) {
2561 char backing_name[PATH_MAX];
2562 QDict *options = NULL;
2564 if (bs->backing_format[0] != '\0') {
2565 options = qdict_new();
2566 qdict_put(options, "driver", qstring_from_str(bs->backing_format));
2569 bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs, backing_name, sizeof(backing_name));
2570 blk_old_backing = blk_new_open("old_backing", backing_name, NULL,
2571 options, src_flags, &local_err);
2572 if (!blk_old_backing) {
2573 error_report("Could not open old backing file '%s': %s",
2574 backing_name, error_get_pretty(local_err));
2575 error_free(local_err);
2576 goto out;
2579 if (out_baseimg[0]) {
2580 if (out_basefmt) {
2581 options = qdict_new();
2582 qdict_put(options, "driver", qstring_from_str(out_basefmt));
2583 } else {
2584 options = NULL;
2587 blk_new_backing = blk_new_open("new_backing", out_baseimg, NULL,
2588 options, src_flags, &local_err);
2589 if (!blk_new_backing) {
2590 error_report("Could not open new backing file '%s': %s",
2591 out_baseimg, error_get_pretty(local_err));
2592 error_free(local_err);
2593 goto out;
2599 * Check each unallocated cluster in the COW file. If it is unallocated,
2600 * accesses go to the backing file. We must therefore compare this cluster
2601 * in the old and new backing file, and if they differ we need to copy it
2602 * from the old backing file into the COW file.
2604 * If qemu-img crashes during this step, no harm is done. The content of
2605 * the image is the same as the original one at any time.
2607 if (!unsafe) {
2608 int64_t num_sectors;
2609 int64_t old_backing_num_sectors;
2610 int64_t new_backing_num_sectors = 0;
2611 uint64_t sector;
2612 int n;
2613 uint8_t * buf_old;
2614 uint8_t * buf_new;
2615 float local_progress = 0;
2617 buf_old = blk_blockalign(blk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
2618 buf_new = blk_blockalign(blk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
2620 num_sectors = blk_nb_sectors(blk);
2621 if (num_sectors < 0) {
2622 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
2623 filename, strerror(-num_sectors));
2624 ret = -1;
2625 goto out;
2627 old_backing_num_sectors = blk_nb_sectors(blk_old_backing);
2628 if (old_backing_num_sectors < 0) {
2629 char backing_name[PATH_MAX];
2631 bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs, backing_name, sizeof(backing_name));
2632 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
2633 backing_name, strerror(-old_backing_num_sectors));
2634 ret = -1;
2635 goto out;
2637 if (blk_new_backing) {
2638 new_backing_num_sectors = blk_nb_sectors(blk_new_backing);
2639 if (new_backing_num_sectors < 0) {
2640 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
2641 out_baseimg, strerror(-new_backing_num_sectors));
2642 ret = -1;
2643 goto out;
2647 if (num_sectors != 0) {
2648 local_progress = (float)100 /
2649 (num_sectors / MIN(num_sectors, IO_BUF_SIZE / 512));
2652 for (sector = 0; sector < num_sectors; sector += n) {
2654 /* How many sectors can we handle with the next read? */
2655 if (sector + (IO_BUF_SIZE / 512) <= num_sectors) {
2656 n = (IO_BUF_SIZE / 512);
2657 } else {
2658 n = num_sectors - sector;
2661 /* If the cluster is allocated, we don't need to take action */
2662 ret = bdrv_is_allocated(bs, sector, n, &n);
2663 if (ret < 0) {
2664 error_report("error while reading image metadata: %s",
2665 strerror(-ret));
2666 goto out;
2668 if (ret) {
2669 continue;
2673 * Read old and new backing file and take into consideration that
2674 * backing files may be smaller than the COW image.
2676 if (sector >= old_backing_num_sectors) {
2677 memset(buf_old, 0, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
2678 } else {
2679 if (sector + n > old_backing_num_sectors) {
2680 n = old_backing_num_sectors - sector;
2683 ret = blk_read(blk_old_backing, sector, buf_old, n);
2684 if (ret < 0) {
2685 error_report("error while reading from old backing file");
2686 goto out;
2690 if (sector >= new_backing_num_sectors || !blk_new_backing) {
2691 memset(buf_new, 0, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
2692 } else {
2693 if (sector + n > new_backing_num_sectors) {
2694 n = new_backing_num_sectors - sector;
2697 ret = blk_read(blk_new_backing, sector, buf_new, n);
2698 if (ret < 0) {
2699 error_report("error while reading from new backing file");
2700 goto out;
2704 /* If they differ, we need to write to the COW file */
2705 uint64_t written = 0;
2707 while (written < n) {
2708 int pnum;
2710 if (compare_sectors(buf_old + written * 512,
2711 buf_new + written * 512, n - written, &pnum))
2713 ret = blk_write(blk, sector + written,
2714 buf_old + written * 512, pnum);
2715 if (ret < 0) {
2716 error_report("Error while writing to COW image: %s",
2717 strerror(-ret));
2718 goto out;
2722 written += pnum;
2724 qemu_progress_print(local_progress, 100);
2727 qemu_vfree(buf_old);
2728 qemu_vfree(buf_new);
2732 * Change the backing file. All clusters that are different from the old
2733 * backing file are overwritten in the COW file now, so the visible content
2734 * doesn't change when we switch the backing file.
2736 if (out_baseimg && *out_baseimg) {
2737 ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, out_baseimg, out_basefmt);
2738 } else {
2739 ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, NULL, NULL);
2742 if (ret == -ENOSPC) {
2743 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': No "
2744 "space left in the file header", out_baseimg);
2745 } else if (ret < 0) {
2746 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': %s",
2747 out_baseimg, strerror(-ret));
2750 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
2752 * TODO At this point it is possible to check if any clusters that are
2753 * allocated in the COW file are the same in the backing file. If so, they
2754 * could be dropped from the COW file. Don't do this before switching the
2755 * backing file, in case of a crash this would lead to corruption.
2757 out:
2758 qemu_progress_end();
2759 /* Cleanup */
2760 if (!unsafe) {
2761 blk_unref(blk_old_backing);
2762 blk_unref(blk_new_backing);
2765 blk_unref(blk);
2766 if (ret) {
2767 return 1;
2769 return 0;
2772 static int img_resize(int argc, char **argv)
2774 Error *err = NULL;
2775 int c, ret, relative;
2776 const char *filename, *fmt, *size;
2777 int64_t n, total_size;
2778 bool quiet = false;
2779 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
2780 QemuOpts *param;
2781 static QemuOptsList resize_options = {
2782 .name = "resize_options",
2783 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(resize_options.head),
2784 .desc = {
2786 .name = BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
2787 .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
2788 .help = "Virtual disk size"
2789 }, {
2790 /* end of list */
2795 /* Remove size from argv manually so that negative numbers are not treated
2796 * as options by getopt. */
2797 if (argc < 3) {
2798 error_exit("Not enough arguments");
2799 return 1;
2802 size = argv[--argc];
2804 /* Parse getopt arguments */
2805 fmt = NULL;
2806 for(;;) {
2807 c = getopt(argc, argv, "f:hq");
2808 if (c == -1) {
2809 break;
2811 switch(c) {
2812 case '?':
2813 case 'h':
2814 help();
2815 break;
2816 case 'f':
2817 fmt = optarg;
2818 break;
2819 case 'q':
2820 quiet = true;
2821 break;
2824 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2825 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2827 filename = argv[optind++];
2829 /* Choose grow, shrink, or absolute resize mode */
2830 switch (size[0]) {
2831 case '+':
2832 relative = 1;
2833 size++;
2834 break;
2835 case '-':
2836 relative = -1;
2837 size++;
2838 break;
2839 default:
2840 relative = 0;
2841 break;
2844 /* Parse size */
2845 param = qemu_opts_create(&resize_options, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
2846 qemu_opt_set(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, size, &err);
2847 if (err) {
2848 error_report_err(err);
2849 ret = -1;
2850 qemu_opts_del(param);
2851 goto out;
2853 n = qemu_opt_get_size(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, 0);
2854 qemu_opts_del(param);
2856 blk = img_open("image", filename, fmt, BDRV_O_FLAGS | BDRV_O_RDWR,
2857 true, quiet);
2858 if (!blk) {
2859 ret = -1;
2860 goto out;
2863 if (relative) {
2864 total_size = blk_getlength(blk) + n * relative;
2865 } else {
2866 total_size = n;
2868 if (total_size <= 0) {
2869 error_report("New image size must be positive");
2870 ret = -1;
2871 goto out;
2874 ret = blk_truncate(blk, total_size);
2875 switch (ret) {
2876 case 0:
2877 qprintf(quiet, "Image resized.\n");
2878 break;
2879 case -ENOTSUP:
2880 error_report("This image does not support resize");
2881 break;
2882 case -EACCES:
2883 error_report("Image is read-only");
2884 break;
2885 default:
2886 error_report("Error resizing image (%d)", -ret);
2887 break;
2889 out:
2890 blk_unref(blk);
2891 if (ret) {
2892 return 1;
2894 return 0;
2897 static void amend_status_cb(BlockDriverState *bs,
2898 int64_t offset, int64_t total_work_size)
2900 qemu_progress_print(100.f * offset / total_work_size, 0);
2903 static int img_amend(int argc, char **argv)
2905 Error *err = NULL;
2906 int c, ret = 0;
2907 char *options = NULL;
2908 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
2909 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
2910 const char *fmt = NULL, *filename, *cache;
2911 int flags;
2912 bool quiet = false, progress = false;
2913 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
2914 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL;
2916 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
2917 for (;;) {
2918 c = getopt(argc, argv, "ho:f:t:pq");
2919 if (c == -1) {
2920 break;
2923 switch (c) {
2924 case 'h':
2925 case '?':
2926 help();
2927 break;
2928 case 'o':
2929 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
2930 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
2931 ret = -1;
2932 goto out;
2934 if (!options) {
2935 options = g_strdup(optarg);
2936 } else {
2937 char *old_options = options;
2938 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
2939 g_free(old_options);
2941 break;
2942 case 'f':
2943 fmt = optarg;
2944 break;
2945 case 't':
2946 cache = optarg;
2947 break;
2948 case 'p':
2949 progress = true;
2950 break;
2951 case 'q':
2952 quiet = true;
2953 break;
2957 if (!options) {
2958 error_exit("Must specify options (-o)");
2961 if (quiet) {
2962 progress = false;
2964 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.0);
2966 filename = (optind == argc - 1) ? argv[argc - 1] : NULL;
2967 if (fmt && has_help_option(options)) {
2968 /* If a format is explicitly specified (and possibly no filename is
2969 * given), print option help here */
2970 ret = print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
2971 goto out;
2974 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2975 error_report("Expecting one image file name");
2976 ret = -1;
2977 goto out;
2980 flags = BDRV_O_FLAGS | BDRV_O_RDWR;
2981 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_flags(cache, &flags);
2982 if (ret < 0) {
2983 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
2984 goto out;
2987 blk = img_open("image", filename, fmt, flags, true, quiet);
2988 if (!blk) {
2989 ret = -1;
2990 goto out;
2992 bs = blk_bs(blk);
2994 fmt = bs->drv->format_name;
2996 if (has_help_option(options)) {
2997 /* If the format was auto-detected, print option help here */
2998 ret = print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
2999 goto out;
3002 if (!bs->drv->create_opts) {
3003 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support any options to amend",
3004 fmt);
3005 ret = -1;
3006 goto out;
3009 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, bs->drv->create_opts);
3010 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
3011 if (options) {
3012 qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, &err);
3013 if (err) {
3014 error_report_err(err);
3015 ret = -1;
3016 goto out;
3020 /* In case the driver does not call amend_status_cb() */
3021 qemu_progress_print(0.f, 0);
3022 ret = bdrv_amend_options(bs, opts, &amend_status_cb);
3023 qemu_progress_print(100.f, 0);
3024 if (ret < 0) {
3025 error_report("Error while amending options: %s", strerror(-ret));
3026 goto out;
3029 out:
3030 qemu_progress_end();
3032 blk_unref(blk);
3033 qemu_opts_del(opts);
3034 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
3035 g_free(options);
3037 if (ret) {
3038 return 1;
3040 return 0;
3043 static const img_cmd_t img_cmds[] = {
3044 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
3045 { option, callback },
3046 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
3047 #undef DEF
3048 #undef GEN_DOCS
3049 { NULL, NULL, },
3052 int main(int argc, char **argv)
3054 const img_cmd_t *cmd;
3055 const char *cmdname;
3056 Error *local_error = NULL;
3057 int c;
3058 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3059 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3060 {"version", no_argument, 0, 'v'},
3061 {0, 0, 0, 0}
3064 #ifdef CONFIG_POSIX
3065 signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
3066 #endif
3068 error_set_progname(argv[0]);
3069 qemu_init_exec_dir(argv[0]);
3071 if (qemu_init_main_loop(&local_error)) {
3072 error_report_err(local_error);
3073 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3076 bdrv_init();
3077 if (argc < 2) {
3078 error_exit("Not enough arguments");
3080 cmdname = argv[1];
3082 /* find the command */
3083 for (cmd = img_cmds; cmd->name != NULL; cmd++) {
3084 if (!strcmp(cmdname, cmd->name)) {
3085 return cmd->handler(argc - 1, argv + 1);
3089 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "h", long_options, NULL);
3091 if (c == 'h') {
3092 help();
3094 if (c == 'v') {
3095 printf(QEMU_IMG_VERSION);
3096 return 0;
3099 /* not found */
3100 error_exit("Command not found: %s", cmdname);