qemu-io.c

   1 /*
   2  * Command line utility to exercise the QEMU I/O path.
   3  *
   4  * Copyright (C) 2009 Red Hat, Inc.
   5  * Copyright (c) 2003-2005 Silicon Graphics, Inc.
   6  *
   7  * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or later.
   8  * See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
   9  */
  10
  11 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
  12 #include <getopt.h>
  13 #include <libgen.h>
  14 #ifndef _WIN32
  15 #include <termios.h>
  16 #endif
  17
  18 #include "qemu-common.h"
  19 #include "qapi/error.h"
  20 #include "qemu-io.h"
  21 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
  22 #include "qemu/main-loop.h"
  23 #include "qemu/module.h"
  24 #include "qemu/option.h"
  25 #include "qemu/config-file.h"
  26 #include "qemu/readline.h"
  27 #include "qemu/log.h"
  28 #include "qapi/qmp/qstring.h"
  29 #include "qapi/qmp/qdict.h"
  30 #include "qom/object_interfaces.h"
  31 #include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
  32 #include "block/block_int.h"
  33 #include "trace/control.h"
  34 #include "crypto/init.h"
  35 #include "qemu-version.h"
  36
  37 #define CMD_NOFILE_OK   0x01
  38
  39 static BlockBackend *qemuio_blk;
  40 static bool quit_qemu_io;
  41
  42 /* qemu-io commands passed using -c */
  43 static int ncmdline;
  44 static char **cmdline;
  45 static bool imageOpts;
  46
  47 static ReadLineState *readline_state;
  48
  49 static int ttyEOF;
  50
  51 static int get_eof_char(void)
  52 {
  53 #ifdef _WIN32
  54     return 0x4; /* Ctrl-D */
  55 #else
  56     struct termios tty;
  57     if (tcgetattr(STDIN_FILENO, &tty) != 0) {
  58         if (errno == ENOTTY) {
  59             return 0x0; /* just expect read() == 0 */
  60         } else {
  61             return 0x4; /* Ctrl-D */
  62         }
  63     }
  64
  65     return tty.c_cc[VEOF];
  66 #endif
  67 }
  68
  69 static int close_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
  70 {
  71     blk_unref(qemuio_blk);
  72     qemuio_blk = NULL;
  73     return 0;
  74 }
  75
  76 static const cmdinfo_t close_cmd = {
  77     .name       = "close",
  78     .altname    = "c",
  79     .cfunc      = close_f,
  80     .oneline    = "close the current open file",
  81 };
  82
  83 static int openfile(char *name, int flags, bool writethrough, bool force_share,
  84                     QDict *opts)
  85 {
  86     Error *local_err = NULL;
  87
  88     if (qemuio_blk) {
  89         error_report("file open already, try 'help close'");
  90         qobject_unref(opts);
  91         return 1;
  92     }
  93
  94     if (force_share) {
  95         if (!opts) {
  96             opts = qdict_new();
  97         }
  98         if (qdict_haskey(opts, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE)
  99             && strcmp(qdict_get_str(opts, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE), "on")) {
 100             error_report("-U conflicts with image options");
 101             qobject_unref(opts);
 102             return 1;
 103         }
 104         qdict_put_str(opts, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, "on");
 105     }
 106     qemuio_blk = blk_new_open(name, NULL, opts, flags, &local_err);
 107     if (!qemuio_blk) {
 108         error_reportf_err(local_err, "can't open%s%s: ",
 109                           name ? " device " : "", name ?: "");
 110         return 1;
 111     }
 112
 113     blk_set_enable_write_cache(qemuio_blk, !writethrough);
 114
 115     return 0;
 116 }
 117
 118 static void open_help(void)
 119 {
 120     printf(
 121 "\n"
 122 " opens a new file in the requested mode\n"
 123 "\n"
 124 " Example:\n"
 125 " 'open -n -o driver=raw /tmp/data' - opens raw data file read-write, uncached\n"
 126 "\n"
 127 " Opens a file for subsequent use by all of the other qemu-io commands.\n"
 128 " -r, -- open file read-only\n"
 129 " -s, -- use snapshot file\n"
 130 " -C, -- use copy-on-read\n"
 131 " -n, -- disable host cache, short for -t none\n"
 132 " -U, -- force shared permissions\n"
 133 " -k, -- use kernel AIO implementation (Linux only, prefer use of -i)\n"
 134 " -i, -- use AIO mode (threads, native or io_uring)\n"
 135 " -t, -- use the given cache mode for the image\n"
 136 " -d, -- use the given discard mode for the image\n"
 137 " -o, -- options to be given to the block driver"
 138 "\n");
 139 }
 140
 141 static int open_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv);
 142
 143 static const cmdinfo_t open_cmd = {
 144     .name       = "open",
 145     .altname    = "o",
 146     .cfunc      = open_f,
 147     .argmin     = 1,
 148     .argmax     = -1,
 149     .flags      = CMD_NOFILE_OK,
 150     .args       = "[-rsCnkU] [-t cache] [-d discard] [-o options] [path]",
 151     .oneline    = "open the file specified by path",
 152     .help       = open_help,
 153 };
 154
 155 static QemuOptsList empty_opts = {
 156     .name = "drive",
 157     .merge_lists = true,
 158     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(empty_opts.head),
 159     .desc = {
 160         /* no elements => accept any params */
 161         { /* end of list */ }
 162     },
 163 };
 164
 165 static int open_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
 166 {
 167     int flags = BDRV_O_UNMAP;
 168     int readonly = 0;
 169     bool writethrough = true;
 170     int c;
 171     int ret;
 172     QemuOpts *qopts;
 173     QDict *opts;
 174     bool force_share = false;
 175
 176     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "snCro:ki:t:d:U")) != -1) {
 177         switch (c) {
 178         case 's':
 179             flags |= BDRV_O_SNAPSHOT;
 180             break;
 181         case 'n':
 182             flags |= BDRV_O_NOCACHE;
 183             writethrough = false;
 184             break;
 185         case 'C':
 186             flags |= BDRV_O_COPY_ON_READ;
 187             break;
 188         case 'r':
 189             readonly = 1;
 190             break;
 191         case 'k':
 192             flags |= BDRV_O_NATIVE_AIO;
 193             break;
 194         case 't':
 195             if (bdrv_parse_cache_mode(optarg, &flags, &writethrough) < 0) {
 196                 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", optarg);
 197                 qemu_opts_reset(&empty_opts);
 198                 return -EINVAL;
 199             }
 200             break;
 201         case 'd':
 202             if (bdrv_parse_discard_flags(optarg, &flags) < 0) {
 203                 error_report("Invalid discard option: %s", optarg);
 204                 qemu_opts_reset(&empty_opts);
 205                 return -EINVAL;
 206             }
 207             break;
 208         case 'i':
 209             if (bdrv_parse_aio(optarg, &flags) < 0) {
 210                 error_report("Invalid aio option: %s", optarg);
 211                 qemu_opts_reset(&empty_opts);
 212                 return -EINVAL;
 213             }
 214             break;
 215         case 'o':
 216             if (imageOpts) {
 217                 printf("--image-opts and 'open -o' are mutually exclusive\n");
 218                 qemu_opts_reset(&empty_opts);
 219                 return -EINVAL;
 220             }
 221             if (!qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&empty_opts, optarg, false)) {
 222                 qemu_opts_reset(&empty_opts);
 223                 return -EINVAL;
 224             }
 225             break;
 226         case 'U':
 227             force_share = true;
 228             break;
 229         default:
 230             qemu_opts_reset(&empty_opts);
 231             qemuio_command_usage(&open_cmd);
 232             return -EINVAL;
 233         }
 234     }
 235
 236     if (!readonly) {
 237         flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
 238     }
 239
 240     if (imageOpts && (optind == argc - 1)) {
 241         if (!qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&empty_opts, argv[optind], false)) {
 242             qemu_opts_reset(&empty_opts);
 243             return -EINVAL;
 244         }
 245         optind++;
 246     }
 247
 248     qopts = qemu_opts_find(&empty_opts, NULL);
 249     opts = qopts ? qemu_opts_to_qdict(qopts, NULL) : NULL;
 250     qemu_opts_reset(&empty_opts);
 251
 252     if (optind == argc - 1) {
 253         ret = openfile(argv[optind], flags, writethrough, force_share, opts);
 254     } else if (optind == argc) {
 255         ret = openfile(NULL, flags, writethrough, force_share, opts);
 256     } else {
 257         qobject_unref(opts);
 258         qemuio_command_usage(&open_cmd);
 259         return -EINVAL;
 260     }
 261
 262     if (ret) {
 263         return -EINVAL;
 264     }
 265
 266     return 0;
 267 }
 268
 269 static int quit_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
 270 {
 271     quit_qemu_io = true;
 272     return 0;
 273 }
 274
 275 static const cmdinfo_t quit_cmd = {
 276     .name       = "quit",
 277     .altname    = "q",
 278     .cfunc      = quit_f,
 279     .argmin     = -1,
 280     .argmax     = -1,
 281     .flags      = CMD_FLAG_GLOBAL,
 282     .oneline    = "exit the program",
 283 };
 284
 285 static void usage(const char *name)
 286 {
 287     printf(
 288 "Usage: %s [OPTIONS]... [-c STRING]... [file]\n"
 289 "QEMU Disk exerciser\n"
 290 "\n"
 291 "  --object OBJECTDEF   define an object such as 'secret' for\n"
 292 "                       passwords and/or encryption keys\n"
 293 "  --image-opts         treat file as option string\n"
 294 "  -c, --cmd STRING     execute command with its arguments\n"
 295 "                       from the given string\n"
 296 "  -f, --format FMT     specifies the block driver to use\n"
 297 "  -r, --read-only      export read-only\n"
 298 "  -s, --snapshot       use snapshot file\n"
 299 "  -n, --nocache        disable host cache, short for -t none\n"
 300 "  -C, --copy-on-read   enable copy-on-read\n"
 301 "  -m, --misalign       misalign allocations for O_DIRECT\n"
 302 "  -k, --native-aio     use kernel AIO implementation\n"
 303 "                       (Linux only, prefer use of -i)\n"
 304 "  -i, --aio=MODE       use AIO mode (threads, native or io_uring)\n"
 305 "  -t, --cache=MODE     use the given cache mode for the image\n"
 306 "  -d, --discard=MODE   use the given discard mode for the image\n"
 307 "  -T, --trace [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]\n"
 308 "                       specify tracing options\n"
 309 "                       see qemu-img(1) man page for full description\n"
 310 "  -U, --force-share    force shared permissions\n"
 311 "  -h, --help           display this help and exit\n"
 312 "  -V, --version        output version information and exit\n"
 313 "\n"
 314 "See '%s -c help' for information on available commands.\n"
 315 "\n"
 316 QEMU_HELP_BOTTOM "\n",
 317     name, name);
 318 }
 319
 320 static char *get_prompt(void)
 321 {
 322     static char prompt[FILENAME_MAX + 2 /*"> "*/ + 1 /*"\0"*/ ];
 323
 324     if (!prompt[0]) {
 325         snprintf(prompt, sizeof(prompt), "%s> ", error_get_progname());
 326     }
 327
 328     return prompt;
 329 }
 330
 331 static void GCC_FMT_ATTR(2, 3) readline_printf_func(void *opaque,
 332                                                     const char *fmt, ...)
 333 {
 334     va_list ap;
 335     va_start(ap, fmt);
 336     vprintf(fmt, ap);
 337     va_end(ap);
 338 }
 339
 340 static void readline_flush_func(void *opaque)
 341 {
 342     fflush(stdout);
 343 }
 344
 345 static void readline_func(void *opaque, const char *str, void *readline_opaque)
 346 {
 347     char **line = readline_opaque;
 348     *line = g_strdup(str);
 349 }
 350
 351 static void completion_match(const char *cmd, void *opaque)
 352 {
 353     readline_add_completion(readline_state, cmd);
 354 }
 355
 356 static void readline_completion_func(void *opaque, const char *str)
 357 {
 358     readline_set_completion_index(readline_state, strlen(str));
 359     qemuio_complete_command(str, completion_match, NULL);
 360 }
 361
 362 static char *fetchline_readline(void)
 363 {
 364     char *line = NULL;
 365
 366     readline_start(readline_state, get_prompt(), 0, readline_func, &line);
 367     while (!line) {
 368         int ch = getchar();
 369         if (ttyEOF != 0x0 && ch == ttyEOF) {
 370             printf("\n");
 371             break;
 372         }
 373         readline_handle_byte(readline_state, ch);
 374     }
 375     return line;
 376 }
 377
 378 #define MAXREADLINESZ 1024
 379 static char *fetchline_fgets(void)
 380 {
 381     char *p, *line = g_malloc(MAXREADLINESZ);
 382
 383     if (!fgets(line, MAXREADLINESZ, stdin)) {
 384         g_free(line);
 385         return NULL;
 386     }
 387
 388     p = line + strlen(line);
 389     if (p != line && p[-1] == '\n') {
 390         p[-1] = '\0';
 391     }
 392
 393     return line;
 394 }
 395
 396 static char *fetchline(void)
 397 {
 398     if (readline_state) {
 399         return fetchline_readline();
 400     } else {
 401         return fetchline_fgets();
 402     }
 403 }
 404
 405 static void prep_fetchline(void *opaque)
 406 {
 407     int *fetchable = opaque;
 408
 409     qemu_set_fd_handler(STDIN_FILENO, NULL, NULL, NULL);
 410     *fetchable= 1;
 411 }
 412
 413 static int command_loop(void)
 414 {
 415     int i, fetchable = 0, prompted = 0;
 416     int ret, last_error = 0;
 417     char *input;
 418
 419     for (i = 0; !quit_qemu_io && i < ncmdline; i++) {
 420         ret = qemuio_command(qemuio_blk, cmdline[i]);
 421         if (ret < 0) {
 422             last_error = ret;
 423         }
 424     }
 425     if (cmdline) {
 426         g_free(cmdline);
 427         return last_error;
 428     }
 429
 430     while (!quit_qemu_io) {
 431         if (!prompted) {
 432             printf("%s", get_prompt());
 433             fflush(stdout);
 434             qemu_set_fd_handler(STDIN_FILENO, prep_fetchline, NULL, &fetchable);
 435             prompted = 1;
 436         }
 437
 438         main_loop_wait(false);
 439
 440         if (!fetchable) {
 441             continue;
 442         }
 443
 444         input = fetchline();
 445         if (input == NULL) {
 446             break;
 447         }
 448         ret = qemuio_command(qemuio_blk, input);
 449         g_free(input);
 450
 451         if (ret < 0) {
 452             last_error = ret;
 453         }
 454
 455         prompted = 0;
 456         fetchable = 0;
 457     }
 458     qemu_set_fd_handler(STDIN_FILENO, NULL, NULL, NULL);
 459
 460     return last_error;
 461 }
 462
 463 static void add_user_command(char *optarg)
 464 {
 465     cmdline = g_renew(char *, cmdline, ++ncmdline);
 466     cmdline[ncmdline-1] = optarg;
 467 }
 468
 469 static void reenable_tty_echo(void)
 470 {
 471     qemu_set_tty_echo(STDIN_FILENO, true);
 472 }
 473
 474 enum {
 475     OPTION_OBJECT = 256,
 476     OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS = 257,
 477 };
 478
 479 static QemuOptsList qemu_object_opts = {
 480     .name = "object",
 481     .implied_opt_name = "qom-type",
 482     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_object_opts.head),
 483     .desc = {
 484         { }
 485     },
 486 };
 487
 488 static bool qemu_io_object_print_help(const char *type, QemuOpts *opts)
 489 {
 490     if (user_creatable_print_help(type, opts)) {
 491         exit(0);
 492     }
 493     return true;
 494 }
 495
 496 static QemuOptsList file_opts = {
 497     .name = "file",
 498     .implied_opt_name = "file",
 499     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(file_opts.head),
 500     .desc = {
 501         /* no elements => accept any params */
 502         { /* end of list */ }
 503     },
 504 };
 505
 506 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 507 {
 508     int readonly = 0;
 509     const char *sopt = "hVc:d:f:rsnCmki:t:T:U";
 510     const struct option lopt[] = {
 511         { "help", no_argument, NULL, 'h' },
 512         { "version", no_argument, NULL, 'V' },
 513         { "cmd", required_argument, NULL, 'c' },
 514         { "format", required_argument, NULL, 'f' },
 515         { "read-only", no_argument, NULL, 'r' },
 516         { "snapshot", no_argument, NULL, 's' },
 517         { "nocache", no_argument, NULL, 'n' },
 518         { "copy-on-read", no_argument, NULL, 'C' },
 519         { "misalign", no_argument, NULL, 'm' },
 520         { "native-aio", no_argument, NULL, 'k' },
 521         { "aio", required_argument, NULL, 'i' },
 522         { "discard", required_argument, NULL, 'd' },
 523         { "cache", required_argument, NULL, 't' },
 524         { "trace", required_argument, NULL, 'T' },
 525         { "object", required_argument, NULL, OPTION_OBJECT },
 526         { "image-opts", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS },
 527         { "force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
 528         { NULL, 0, NULL, 0 }
 529     };
 530     int c;
 531     int opt_index = 0;
 532     int flags = BDRV_O_UNMAP;
 533     int ret;
 534     bool writethrough = true;
 535     Error *local_error = NULL;
 536     QDict *opts = NULL;
 537     const char *format = NULL;
 538     char *trace_file = NULL;
 539     bool force_share = false;
 540
 541 #ifdef CONFIG_POSIX
 542     signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
 543 #endif
 544
 545     error_init(argv[0]);
 546     module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_TRACE);
 547     qemu_init_exec_dir(argv[0]);
 548
 549     qcrypto_init(&error_fatal);
 550
 551     module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_QOM);
 552     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_object_opts);
 553     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_trace_opts);
 554     bdrv_init();
 555
 556     while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, sopt, lopt, &opt_index)) != -1) {
 557         switch (c) {
 558         case 's':
 559             flags |= BDRV_O_SNAPSHOT;
 560             break;
 561         case 'n':
 562             flags |= BDRV_O_NOCACHE;
 563             writethrough = false;
 564             break;
 565         case 'C':
 566             flags |= BDRV_O_COPY_ON_READ;
 567             break;
 568         case 'd':
 569             if (bdrv_parse_discard_flags(optarg, &flags) < 0) {
 570                 error_report("Invalid discard option: %s", optarg);
 571                 exit(1);
 572             }
 573             break;
 574         case 'f':
 575             format = optarg;
 576             break;
 577         case 'c':
 578             add_user_command(optarg);
 579             break;
 580         case 'r':
 581             readonly = 1;
 582             break;
 583         case 'm':
 584             qemuio_misalign = true;
 585             break;
 586         case 'k':
 587             flags |= BDRV_O_NATIVE_AIO;
 588             break;
 589         case 'i':
 590             if (bdrv_parse_aio(optarg, &flags) < 0) {
 591                 error_report("Invalid aio option: %s", optarg);
 592                 exit(1);
 593             }
 594             break;
 595         case 't':
 596             if (bdrv_parse_cache_mode(optarg, &flags, &writethrough) < 0) {
 597                 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", optarg);
 598                 exit(1);
 599             }
 600             break;
 601         case 'T':
 602             g_free(trace_file);
 603             trace_file = trace_opt_parse(optarg);
 604             break;
 605         case 'V':
 606             printf("%s version " QEMU_FULL_VERSION "\n"
 607                    QEMU_COPYRIGHT "\n", error_get_progname());
 608             exit(0);
 609         case 'h':
 610             usage(error_get_progname());
 611             exit(0);
 612         case 'U':
 613             force_share = true;
 614             break;
 615         case OPTION_OBJECT: {
 616             QemuOpts *qopts;
 617             qopts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
 618                                             optarg, true);
 619             if (!qopts) {
 620                 exit(1);
 621             }
 622         }   break;
 623         case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
 624             imageOpts = true;
 625             break;
 626         default:
 627             usage(error_get_progname());
 628             exit(1);
 629         }
 630     }
 631
 632     if ((argc - optind) > 1) {
 633         usage(error_get_progname());
 634         exit(1);
 635     }
 636
 637     if (format && imageOpts) {
 638         error_report("--image-opts and -f are mutually exclusive");
 639         exit(1);
 640     }
 641
 642     if (qemu_init_main_loop(&local_error)) {
 643         error_report_err(local_error);
 644         exit(1);
 645     }
 646
 647     qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
 648                       user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
 649                       qemu_io_object_print_help, &error_fatal);
 650
 651     if (!trace_init_backends()) {
 652         exit(1);
 653     }
 654     trace_init_file(trace_file);
 655     qemu_set_log(LOG_TRACE);
 656
 657     /* initialize commands */
 658     qemuio_add_command(&quit_cmd);
 659     qemuio_add_command(&open_cmd);
 660     qemuio_add_command(&close_cmd);
 661
 662     if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO)) {
 663         ttyEOF = get_eof_char();
 664         readline_state = readline_init(readline_printf_func,
 665                                        readline_flush_func,
 666                                        NULL,
 667                                        readline_completion_func);
 668         qemu_set_tty_echo(STDIN_FILENO, false);
 669         atexit(reenable_tty_echo);
 670     }
 671
 672     /* open the device */
 673     if (!readonly) {
 674         flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
 675     }
 676
 677     if ((argc - optind) == 1) {
 678         if (imageOpts) {
 679             QemuOpts *qopts = NULL;
 680             qopts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&file_opts, argv[optind], false);
 681             if (!qopts) {
 682                 exit(1);
 683             }
 684             opts = qemu_opts_to_qdict(qopts, NULL);
 685             if (openfile(NULL, flags, writethrough, force_share, opts)) {
 686                 exit(1);
 687             }
 688         } else {
 689             if (format) {
 690                 opts = qdict_new();
 691                 qdict_put_str(opts, "driver", format);
 692             }
 693             if (openfile(argv[optind], flags, writethrough,
 694                          force_share, opts)) {
 695                 exit(1);
 696             }
 697         }
 698     }
 699     ret = command_loop();
 700
 701     /*
 702      * Make sure all outstanding requests complete before the program exits.
 703      */
 704     bdrv_drain_all();
 705
 706     blk_unref(qemuio_blk);
 707     g_free(readline_state);
 708
 709     if (ret < 0) {
 710         return 1;
 711     } else {
 712         return 0;
 713     }
 714 }