qemu-img.c

   1 /*
   2  * QEMU disk image utility
   3  *
   4  * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
   5  *
   6  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
   7  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
   8  * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
   9  * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
  10  * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
  11  * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
  12  *
  13  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
  14  * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
  15  *
  16  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
  17  * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
  18  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
  19  * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
  20  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
  21  * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
  22  * THE SOFTWARE.
  23  */
  24 #include "qemu-common.h"
  25 #include "qemu-option.h"
  26 #include "osdep.h"
  27 #include "block_int.h"
  28 #include <stdio.h>
  29
  30 #ifdef _WIN32
  31 #include <windows.h>
  32 #endif
  33
  34 typedef struct img_cmd_t {
  35     const char *name;
  36     int (*handler)(int argc, char **argv);
  37 } img_cmd_t;
  38
  39 /* Default to cache=writeback as data integrity is not important for qemu-tcg. */
  40 #define BRDV_O_FLAGS BDRV_O_CACHE_WB
  41
  42 static void QEMU_NORETURN error(const char *fmt, ...)
  43 {
  44     va_list ap;
  45     va_start(ap, fmt);
  46     fprintf(stderr, "qemu-img: ");
  47     vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
  48     fprintf(stderr, "\n");
  49     exit(1);
  50     va_end(ap);
  51 }
  52
  53 static void format_print(void *opaque, const char *name)
  54 {
  55     printf(" %s", name);
  56 }
  57
  58 /* Please keep in synch with qemu-img.texi */
  59 static void help(void)
  60 {
  61     printf("qemu-img version " QEMU_VERSION ", Copyright (c) 2004-2008 Fabrice Bellard\n"
  62            "usage: qemu-img command [command options]\n"
  63            "QEMU disk image utility\n"
  64            "\n"
  65            "Command syntax:\n"
  66 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string)        \
  67            "  " arg_string "\n"
  68 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
  69 #undef DEF
  70 #undef GEN_DOCS
  71            "\n"
  72            "Command parameters:\n"
  73            "  'filename' is a disk image filename\n"
  74            "  'base_image' is the read-only disk image which is used as base for a copy on\n"
  75            "    write image; the copy on write image only stores the modified data\n"
  76            "  'output_base_image' forces the output image to be created as a copy on write\n"
  77            "    image of the specified base image; 'output_base_image' should have the same\n"
  78            "    content as the input's base image, however the path, image format, etc may\n"
  79            "    differ\n"
  80            "  'fmt' is the disk image format. It is guessed automatically in most cases\n"
  81            "  'size' is the disk image size in kilobytes. Optional suffixes\n"
  82            "    'M' (megabyte, 1024 * 1024) and 'G' (gigabyte, 1024 * 1024 * 1024) are\n"
  83            "    supported any 'k' or 'K' is ignored\n"
  84            "  'output_filename' is the destination disk image filename\n"
  85            "  'output_fmt' is the destination format\n"
  86            "  'options' is a comma separated list of format specific options in a\n"
  87            "    name=value format. Use -o ? for an overview of the options supported by the\n"
  88            "    used format\n"
  89            "  '-c' indicates that target image must be compressed (qcow format only)\n"
  90            "  '-h' with or without a command shows this help and lists the supported formats\n"
  91            "\n"
  92            "Parameters to snapshot subcommand:\n"
  93            "  'snapshot' is the name of the snapshot to create, apply or delete\n"
  94            "  '-a' applies a snapshot (revert disk to saved state)\n"
  95            "  '-c' creates a snapshot\n"
  96            "  '-d' deletes a snapshot\n"
  97            "  '-l' lists all snapshots in the given image\n"
  98            );
  99     printf("\nSupported formats:");
 100     bdrv_iterate_format(format_print, NULL);
 101     printf("\n");
 102     exit(1);
 103 }
 104
 105 #if defined(WIN32)
 106 /* XXX: put correct support for win32 */
 107 static int read_password(char *buf, int buf_size)
 108 {
 109     int c, i;
 110     printf("Password: ");
 111     fflush(stdout);
 112     i = 0;
 113     for(;;) {
 114         c = getchar();
 115         if (c == '\n')
 116             break;
 117         if (i < (buf_size - 1))
 118             buf[i++] = c;
 119     }
 120     buf[i] = '\0';
 121     return 0;
 122 }
 123
 124 #else
 125
 126 #include <termios.h>
 127
 128 static struct termios oldtty;
 129
 130 static void term_exit(void)
 131 {
 132     tcsetattr (0, TCSANOW, &oldtty);
 133 }
 134
 135 static void term_init(void)
 136 {
 137     struct termios tty;
 138
 139     tcgetattr (0, &tty);
 140     oldtty = tty;
 141
 142     tty.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK|BRKINT|PARMRK|ISTRIP
 143                           |INLCR|IGNCR|ICRNL|IXON);
 144     tty.c_oflag |= OPOST;
 145     tty.c_lflag &= ~(ECHO|ECHONL|ICANON|IEXTEN);
 146     tty.c_cflag &= ~(CSIZE|PARENB);
 147     tty.c_cflag |= CS8;
 148     tty.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
 149     tty.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
 150
 151     tcsetattr (0, TCSANOW, &tty);
 152
 153     atexit(term_exit);
 154 }
 155
 156 static int read_password(char *buf, int buf_size)
 157 {
 158     uint8_t ch;
 159     int i, ret;
 160
 161     printf("password: ");
 162     fflush(stdout);
 163     term_init();
 164     i = 0;
 165     for(;;) {
 166         ret = read(0, &ch, 1);
 167         if (ret == -1) {
 168             if (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EINTR) {
 169                 continue;
 170             } else {
 171                 ret = -1;
 172                 break;
 173             }
 174         } else if (ret == 0) {
 175             ret = -1;
 176             break;
 177         } else {
 178             if (ch == '\r') {
 179                 ret = 0;
 180                 break;
 181             }
 182             if (i < (buf_size - 1))
 183                 buf[i++] = ch;
 184         }
 185     }
 186     term_exit();
 187     buf[i] = '\0';
 188     printf("\n");
 189     return ret;
 190 }
 191 #endif
 192
 193 static BlockDriverState *bdrv_new_open(const char *filename,
 194                                        const char *fmt)
 195 {
 196     BlockDriverState *bs;
 197     BlockDriver *drv;
 198     char password[256];
 199
 200     bs = bdrv_new("");
 201     if (!bs)
 202         error("Not enough memory");
 203     if (fmt) {
 204         drv = bdrv_find_format(fmt);
 205         if (!drv)
 206             error("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt);
 207     } else {
 208         drv = NULL;
 209     }
 210     if (bdrv_open2(bs, filename, BRDV_O_FLAGS, drv) < 0) {
 211         error("Could not open '%s'", filename);
 212     }
 213     if (bdrv_is_encrypted(bs)) {
 214         printf("Disk image '%s' is encrypted.\n", filename);
 215         if (read_password(password, sizeof(password)) < 0)
 216             error("No password given");
 217         if (bdrv_set_key(bs, password) < 0)
 218             error("invalid password");
 219     }
 220     return bs;
 221 }
 222
 223 static void add_old_style_options(const char *fmt, QEMUOptionParameter *list,
 224     int flags, const char *base_filename, const char *base_fmt)
 225 {
 226     if (flags & BLOCK_FLAG_ENCRYPT) {
 227         if (set_option_parameter(list, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT, "on")) {
 228             error("Encryption not supported for file format '%s'", fmt);
 229         }
 230     }
 231     if (flags & BLOCK_FLAG_COMPAT6) {
 232         if (set_option_parameter(list, BLOCK_OPT_COMPAT6, "on")) {
 233             error("VMDK version 6 not supported for file format '%s'", fmt);
 234         }
 235     }
 236
 237     if (base_filename) {
 238         if (set_option_parameter(list, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE, base_filename)) {
 239             error("Backing file not supported for file format '%s'", fmt);
 240         }
 241     }
 242     if (base_fmt) {
 243         if (set_option_parameter(list, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FMT, base_fmt)) {
 244             error("Backing file format not supported for file format '%s'", fmt);
 245         }
 246     }
 247 }
 248
 249 static int img_create(int argc, char **argv)
 250 {
 251     int c, ret, flags;
 252     const char *fmt = "raw";
 253     const char *base_fmt = NULL;
 254     const char *filename;
 255     const char *base_filename = NULL;
 256     BlockDriver *drv;
 257     QEMUOptionParameter *param = NULL;
 258     char *options = NULL;
 259
 260     flags = 0;
 261     for(;;) {
 262         c = getopt(argc, argv, "F:b:f:he6o:");
 263         if (c == -1)
 264             break;
 265         switch(c) {
 266         case 'h':
 267             help();
 268             break;
 269         case 'F':
 270             base_fmt = optarg;
 271             break;
 272         case 'b':
 273             base_filename = optarg;
 274             break;
 275         case 'f':
 276             fmt = optarg;
 277             break;
 278         case 'e':
 279             flags |= BLOCK_FLAG_ENCRYPT;
 280             break;
 281         case '6':
 282             flags |= BLOCK_FLAG_COMPAT6;
 283             break;
 284         case 'o':
 285             options = optarg;
 286             break;
 287         }
 288     }
 289
 290     /* Find driver and parse its options */
 291     drv = bdrv_find_format(fmt);
 292     if (!drv)
 293         error("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt);
 294
 295     if (options && !strcmp(options, "?")) {
 296         print_option_help(drv->create_options);
 297         return 0;
 298     }
 299
 300     if (options) {
 301         param = parse_option_parameters(options, drv->create_options, param);
 302         if (param == NULL) {
 303             error("Invalid options for file format '%s'.", fmt);
 304         }
 305     } else {
 306         param = parse_option_parameters("", drv->create_options, param);
 307     }
 308
 309     /* Get the filename */
 310     if (optind >= argc)
 311         help();
 312     filename = argv[optind++];
 313
 314     /* Add size to parameters */
 315     if (optind < argc) {
 316         set_option_parameter(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, argv[optind++]);
 317     }
 318
 319     /* Add old-style options to parameters */
 320     add_old_style_options(fmt, param, flags, base_filename, base_fmt);
 321
 322     // The size for the image must always be specified, with one exception:
 323     // If we are using a backing file, we can obtain the size from there
 324     if (get_option_parameter(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE)->value.n == 0) {
 325
 326         QEMUOptionParameter *backing_file =
 327             get_option_parameter(param, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE);
 328         QEMUOptionParameter *backing_fmt =
 329             get_option_parameter(param, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FMT);
 330
 331         if (backing_file && backing_file->value.s) {
 332             BlockDriverState *bs;
 333             uint64_t size;
 334             const char *fmt = NULL;
 335             char buf[32];
 336
 337             if (backing_fmt && backing_fmt->value.s) {
 338                  if (bdrv_find_format(backing_fmt->value.s)) {
 339                      fmt = backing_fmt->value.s;
 340                 } else {
 341                      error("Unknown backing file format '%s'",
 342                         backing_fmt->value.s);
 343                 }
 344             }
 345
 346             bs = bdrv_new_open(backing_file->value.s, fmt);
 347             bdrv_get_geometry(bs, &size);
 348             size *= 512;
 349             bdrv_delete(bs);
 350
 351             snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%" PRId64, size);
 352             set_option_parameter(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, buf);
 353         } else {
 354             error("Image creation needs a size parameter");
 355         }
 356     }
 357
 358     printf("Formatting '%s', fmt=%s ", filename, fmt);
 359     print_option_parameters(param);
 360     puts("");
 361
 362     ret = bdrv_create(drv, filename, param);
 363     free_option_parameters(param);
 364
 365     if (ret < 0) {
 366         if (ret == -ENOTSUP) {
 367             error("Formatting or formatting option not supported for file format '%s'", fmt);
 368         } else if (ret == -EFBIG) {
 369             error("The image size is too large for file format '%s'", fmt);
 370         } else {
 371             error("Error while formatting");
 372         }
 373     }
 374     return 0;
 375 }
 376
 377 static int img_check(int argc, char **argv)
 378 {
 379     int c, ret;
 380     const char *filename, *fmt;
 381     BlockDriver *drv;
 382     BlockDriverState *bs;
 383
 384     fmt = NULL;
 385     for(;;) {
 386         c = getopt(argc, argv, "f:h");
 387         if (c == -1)
 388             break;
 389         switch(c) {
 390         case 'h':
 391             help();
 392             break;
 393         case 'f':
 394             fmt = optarg;
 395             break;
 396         }
 397     }
 398     if (optind >= argc)
 399         help();
 400     filename = argv[optind++];
 401
 402     bs = bdrv_new("");
 403     if (!bs)
 404         error("Not enough memory");
 405     if (fmt) {
 406         drv = bdrv_find_format(fmt);
 407         if (!drv)
 408             error("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt);
 409     } else {
 410         drv = NULL;
 411     }
 412     if (bdrv_open2(bs, filename, BRDV_O_FLAGS, drv) < 0) {
 413         error("Could not open '%s'", filename);
 414     }
 415     ret = bdrv_check(bs);
 416     switch(ret) {
 417     case 0:
 418         printf("No errors were found on the image.\n");
 419         break;
 420     case -ENOTSUP:
 421         error("This image format does not support checks");
 422         break;
 423     default:
 424         if (ret < 0) {
 425             error("An error occurred during the check");
 426         } else {
 427             printf("%d errors were found on the image.\n", ret);
 428         }
 429         break;
 430     }
 431
 432     bdrv_delete(bs);
 433     return 0;
 434 }
 435
 436 static int img_commit(int argc, char **argv)
 437 {
 438     int c, ret;
 439     const char *filename, *fmt;
 440     BlockDriver *drv;
 441     BlockDriverState *bs;
 442
 443     fmt = NULL;
 444     for(;;) {
 445         c = getopt(argc, argv, "f:h");
 446         if (c == -1)
 447             break;
 448         switch(c) {
 449         case 'h':
 450             help();
 451             break;
 452         case 'f':
 453             fmt = optarg;
 454             break;
 455         }
 456     }
 457     if (optind >= argc)
 458         help();
 459     filename = argv[optind++];
 460
 461     bs = bdrv_new("");
 462     if (!bs)
 463         error("Not enough memory");
 464     if (fmt) {
 465         drv = bdrv_find_format(fmt);
 466         if (!drv)
 467             error("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt);
 468     } else {
 469         drv = NULL;
 470     }
 471     if (bdrv_open2(bs, filename, BRDV_O_FLAGS, drv) < 0) {
 472         error("Could not open '%s'", filename);
 473     }
 474     ret = bdrv_commit(bs);
 475     switch(ret) {
 476     case 0:
 477         printf("Image committed.\n");
 478         break;
 479     case -ENOENT:
 480         error("No disk inserted");
 481         break;
 482     case -EACCES:
 483         error("Image is read-only");
 484         break;
 485     case -ENOTSUP:
 486         error("Image is already committed");
 487         break;
 488     default:
 489         error("Error while committing image");
 490         break;
 491     }
 492
 493     bdrv_delete(bs);
 494     return 0;
 495 }
 496
 497 static int is_not_zero(const uint8_t *sector, int len)
 498 {
 499     int i;
 500     len >>= 2;
 501     for(i = 0;i < len; i++) {
 502         if (((uint32_t *)sector)[i] != 0)
 503             return 1;
 504     }
 505     return 0;
 506 }
 507
 508 /*
 509  * Returns true iff the first sector pointed to by 'buf' contains at least
 510  * a non-NUL byte.
 511  *
 512  * 'pnum' is set to the number of sectors (including and immediately following
 513  * the first one) that are known to be in the same allocated/unallocated state.
 514  */
 515 static int is_allocated_sectors(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum)
 516 {
 517     int v, i;
 518
 519     if (n <= 0) {
 520         *pnum = 0;
 521         return 0;
 522     }
 523     v = is_not_zero(buf, 512);
 524     for(i = 1; i < n; i++) {
 525         buf += 512;
 526         if (v != is_not_zero(buf, 512))
 527             break;
 528     }
 529     *pnum = i;
 530     return v;
 531 }
 532
 533 #define IO_BUF_SIZE 65536
 534
 535 static int img_convert(int argc, char **argv)
 536 {
 537     int c, ret, n, n1, bs_n, bs_i, flags, cluster_size, cluster_sectors;
 538     const char *fmt, *out_fmt, *out_baseimg, *out_filename;
 539     BlockDriver *drv;
 540     BlockDriverState **bs, *out_bs;
 541     int64_t total_sectors, nb_sectors, sector_num, bs_offset;
 542     uint64_t bs_sectors;
 543     uint8_t buf[IO_BUF_SIZE];
 544     const uint8_t *buf1;
 545     BlockDriverInfo bdi;
 546     QEMUOptionParameter *param = NULL;
 547     char *options = NULL;
 548
 549     fmt = NULL;
 550     out_fmt = "raw";
 551     out_baseimg = NULL;
 552     flags = 0;
 553     for(;;) {
 554         c = getopt(argc, argv, "f:O:B:hce6o:");
 555         if (c == -1)
 556             break;
 557         switch(c) {
 558         case 'h':
 559             help();
 560             break;
 561         case 'f':
 562             fmt = optarg;
 563             break;
 564         case 'O':
 565             out_fmt = optarg;
 566             break;
 567         case 'B':
 568             out_baseimg = optarg;
 569             break;
 570         case 'c':
 571             flags |= BLOCK_FLAG_COMPRESS;
 572             break;
 573         case 'e':
 574             flags |= BLOCK_FLAG_ENCRYPT;
 575             break;
 576         case '6':
 577             flags |= BLOCK_FLAG_COMPAT6;
 578             break;
 579         case 'o':
 580             options = optarg;
 581             break;
 582         }
 583     }
 584
 585     bs_n = argc - optind - 1;
 586     if (bs_n < 1) help();
 587
 588     out_filename = argv[argc - 1];
 589
 590     if (bs_n > 1 && out_baseimg)
 591         error("-B makes no sense when concatenating multiple input images");
 592
 593     bs = calloc(bs_n, sizeof(BlockDriverState *));
 594     if (!bs)
 595         error("Out of memory");
 596
 597     total_sectors = 0;
 598     for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < bs_n; bs_i++) {
 599         bs[bs_i] = bdrv_new_open(argv[optind + bs_i], fmt);
 600         if (!bs[bs_i])
 601             error("Could not open '%s'", argv[optind + bs_i]);
 602         bdrv_get_geometry(bs[bs_i], &bs_sectors);
 603         total_sectors += bs_sectors;
 604     }
 605
 606     /* Find driver and parse its options */
 607     drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
 608     if (!drv)
 609         error("Unknown file format '%s'", out_fmt);
 610
 611     if (options && !strcmp(options, "?")) {
 612         print_option_help(drv->create_options);
 613         return 0;
 614     }
 615
 616     if (options) {
 617         param = parse_option_parameters(options, drv->create_options, param);
 618         if (param == NULL) {
 619             error("Invalid options for file format '%s'.", out_fmt);
 620         }
 621     } else {
 622         param = parse_option_parameters("", drv->create_options, param);
 623     }
 624
 625     set_option_parameter_int(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, total_sectors * 512);
 626     add_old_style_options(out_fmt, param, flags, out_baseimg, NULL);
 627
 628     /* Check if compression is supported */
 629     if (flags & BLOCK_FLAG_COMPRESS) {
 630         QEMUOptionParameter *encryption =
 631             get_option_parameter(param, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT);
 632
 633         if (!drv->bdrv_write_compressed) {
 634             error("Compression not supported for this file format");
 635         }
 636
 637         if (encryption && encryption->value.n) {
 638             error("Compression and encryption not supported at the same time");
 639         }
 640     }
 641
 642     /* Create the new image */
 643     ret = bdrv_create(drv, out_filename, param);
 644     free_option_parameters(param);
 645
 646     if (ret < 0) {
 647         if (ret == -ENOTSUP) {
 648             error("Formatting not supported for file format '%s'", out_fmt);
 649         } else if (ret == -EFBIG) {
 650             error("The image size is too large for file format '%s'", out_fmt);
 651         } else {
 652             error("Error while formatting '%s'", out_filename);
 653         }
 654     }
 655
 656     out_bs = bdrv_new_open(out_filename, out_fmt);
 657
 658     bs_i = 0;
 659     bs_offset = 0;
 660     bdrv_get_geometry(bs[0], &bs_sectors);
 661
 662     if (flags & BLOCK_FLAG_COMPRESS) {
 663         if (bdrv_get_info(out_bs, &bdi) < 0)
 664             error("could not get block driver info");
 665         cluster_size = bdi.cluster_size;
 666         if (cluster_size <= 0 || cluster_size > IO_BUF_SIZE)
 667             error("invalid cluster size");
 668         cluster_sectors = cluster_size >> 9;
 669         sector_num = 0;
 670         for(;;) {
 671             int64_t bs_num;
 672             int remainder;
 673             uint8_t *buf2;
 674
 675             nb_sectors = total_sectors - sector_num;
 676             if (nb_sectors <= 0)
 677                 break;
 678             if (nb_sectors >= cluster_sectors)
 679                 n = cluster_sectors;
 680             else
 681                 n = nb_sectors;
 682
 683             bs_num = sector_num - bs_offset;
 684             assert (bs_num >= 0);
 685             remainder = n;
 686             buf2 = buf;
 687             while (remainder > 0) {
 688                 int nlow;
 689                 while (bs_num == bs_sectors) {
 690                     bs_i++;
 691                     assert (bs_i < bs_n);
 692                     bs_offset += bs_sectors;
 693                     bdrv_get_geometry(bs[bs_i], &bs_sectors);
 694                     bs_num = 0;
 695                     /* printf("changing part: sector_num=%lld, "
 696                        "bs_i=%d, bs_offset=%lld, bs_sectors=%lld\n",
 697                        sector_num, bs_i, bs_offset, bs_sectors); */
 698                 }
 699                 assert (bs_num < bs_sectors);
 700
 701                 nlow = (remainder > bs_sectors - bs_num) ? bs_sectors - bs_num : remainder;
 702
 703                 if (bdrv_read(bs[bs_i], bs_num, buf2, nlow) < 0)
 704                     error("error while reading");
 705
 706                 buf2 += nlow * 512;
 707                 bs_num += nlow;
 708
 709                 remainder -= nlow;
 710             }
 711             assert (remainder == 0);
 712
 713             if (n < cluster_sectors)
 714                 memset(buf + n * 512, 0, cluster_size - n * 512);
 715             if (is_not_zero(buf, cluster_size)) {
 716                 if (bdrv_write_compressed(out_bs, sector_num, buf,
 717                                           cluster_sectors) != 0)
 718                     error("error while compressing sector %" PRId64,
 719                           sector_num);
 720             }
 721             sector_num += n;
 722         }
 723         /* signal EOF to align */
 724         bdrv_write_compressed(out_bs, 0, NULL, 0);
 725     } else {
 726         sector_num = 0; // total number of sectors converted so far
 727         for(;;) {
 728             nb_sectors = total_sectors - sector_num;
 729             if (nb_sectors <= 0)
 730                 break;
 731             if (nb_sectors >= (IO_BUF_SIZE / 512))
 732                 n = (IO_BUF_SIZE / 512);
 733             else
 734                 n = nb_sectors;
 735
 736             while (sector_num - bs_offset >= bs_sectors) {
 737                 bs_i ++;
 738                 assert (bs_i < bs_n);
 739                 bs_offset += bs_sectors;
 740                 bdrv_get_geometry(bs[bs_i], &bs_sectors);
 741                 /* printf("changing part: sector_num=%lld, bs_i=%d, "
 742                   "bs_offset=%lld, bs_sectors=%lld\n",
 743                    sector_num, bs_i, bs_offset, bs_sectors); */
 744             }
 745
 746             if (n > bs_offset + bs_sectors - sector_num)
 747                 n = bs_offset + bs_sectors - sector_num;
 748
 749             if (strcmp(drv->format_name, "host_device")) {
 750                 /* If the output image is being created as a copy on write image,
 751                    assume that sectors which are unallocated in the input image
 752                    are present in both the output's and input's base images (no
 753                    need to copy them). */
 754                 if (out_baseimg) {
 755                     if (!bdrv_is_allocated(bs[bs_i], sector_num - bs_offset,
 756                                            n, &n1)) {
 757                         sector_num += n1;
 758                         continue;
 759                     }
 760                     /* The next 'n1' sectors are allocated in the input image. Copy
 761                        only those as they may be followed by unallocated sectors. */
 762                     n = n1;
 763                 }
 764             } else {
 765                 n1 = n;
 766             }
 767
 768             if (bdrv_read(bs[bs_i], sector_num - bs_offset, buf, n) < 0)
 769                 error("error while reading");
 770             /* NOTE: at the same time we convert, we do not write zero
 771                sectors to have a chance to compress the image. Ideally, we
 772                should add a specific call to have the info to go faster */
 773             buf1 = buf;
 774             while (n > 0) {
 775                 /* If the output image is being created as a copy on write image,
 776                    copy all sectors even the ones containing only NUL bytes,
 777                    because they may differ from the sectors in the base image.
 778
 779                    If the output is to a host device, we also write out
 780                    sectors that are entirely 0, since whatever data was
 781                    already there is garbage, not 0s. */
 782                 if (strcmp(drv->format_name, "host_device") == 0 || out_baseimg ||
 783                     is_allocated_sectors(buf1, n, &n1)) {
 784                     if (bdrv_write(out_bs, sector_num, buf1, n1) < 0)
 785                         error("error while writing");
 786                 }
 787                 sector_num += n1;
 788                 n -= n1;
 789                 buf1 += n1 * 512;
 790             }
 791         }
 792     }
 793     bdrv_delete(out_bs);
 794     for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < bs_n; bs_i++)
 795         bdrv_delete(bs[bs_i]);
 796     free(bs);
 797     return 0;
 798 }
 799
 800 #ifdef _WIN32
 801 static int64_t get_allocated_file_size(const char *filename)
 802 {
 803     typedef DWORD (WINAPI * get_compressed_t)(const char *filename, DWORD *high);
 804     get_compressed_t get_compressed;
 805     struct _stati64 st;
 806
 807     /* WinNT support GetCompressedFileSize to determine allocate size */
 808     get_compressed = (get_compressed_t) GetProcAddress(GetModuleHandle("kernel32"), "GetCompressedFileSizeA");
 809     if (get_compressed) {
 810         DWORD high, low;
 811         low = get_compressed(filename, &high);
 812         if (low != 0xFFFFFFFFlu || GetLastError() == NO_ERROR)
 813             return (((int64_t) high) << 32) + low;
 814     }
 815
 816     if (_stati64(filename, &st) < 0)
 817         return -1;
 818     return st.st_size;
 819 }
 820 #else
 821 static int64_t get_allocated_file_size(const char *filename)
 822 {
 823     struct stat st;
 824     if (stat(filename, &st) < 0)
 825         return -1;
 826     return (int64_t)st.st_blocks * 512;
 827 }
 828 #endif
 829
 830 static void dump_snapshots(BlockDriverState *bs)
 831 {
 832     QEMUSnapshotInfo *sn_tab, *sn;
 833     int nb_sns, i;
 834     char buf[256];
 835
 836     nb_sns = bdrv_snapshot_list(bs, &sn_tab);
 837     if (nb_sns <= 0)
 838         return;
 839     printf("Snapshot list:\n");
 840     printf("%s\n", bdrv_snapshot_dump(buf, sizeof(buf), NULL));
 841     for(i = 0; i < nb_sns; i++) {
 842         sn = &sn_tab[i];
 843         printf("%s\n", bdrv_snapshot_dump(buf, sizeof(buf), sn));
 844     }
 845     qemu_free(sn_tab);
 846 }
 847
 848 static int img_info(int argc, char **argv)
 849 {
 850     int c;
 851     const char *filename, *fmt;
 852     BlockDriver *drv;
 853     BlockDriverState *bs;
 854     char fmt_name[128], size_buf[128], dsize_buf[128];
 855     uint64_t total_sectors;
 856     int64_t allocated_size;
 857     char backing_filename[1024];
 858     char backing_filename2[1024];
 859     BlockDriverInfo bdi;
 860
 861     fmt = NULL;
 862     for(;;) {
 863         c = getopt(argc, argv, "f:h");
 864         if (c == -1)
 865             break;
 866         switch(c) {
 867         case 'h':
 868             help();
 869             break;
 870         case 'f':
 871             fmt = optarg;
 872             break;
 873         }
 874     }
 875     if (optind >= argc)
 876         help();
 877     filename = argv[optind++];
 878
 879     bs = bdrv_new("");
 880     if (!bs)
 881         error("Not enough memory");
 882     if (fmt) {
 883         drv = bdrv_find_format(fmt);
 884         if (!drv)
 885             error("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt);
 886     } else {
 887         drv = NULL;
 888     }
 889     if (bdrv_open2(bs, filename, BRDV_O_FLAGS, drv) < 0) {
 890         error("Could not open '%s'", filename);
 891     }
 892     bdrv_get_format(bs, fmt_name, sizeof(fmt_name));
 893     bdrv_get_geometry(bs, &total_sectors);
 894     get_human_readable_size(size_buf, sizeof(size_buf), total_sectors * 512);
 895     allocated_size = get_allocated_file_size(filename);
 896     if (allocated_size < 0)
 897         snprintf(dsize_buf, sizeof(dsize_buf), "unavailable");
 898     else
 899         get_human_readable_size(dsize_buf, sizeof(dsize_buf),
 900                                 allocated_size);
 901     printf("image: %s\n"
 902            "file format: %s\n"
 903            "virtual size: %s (%" PRId64 " bytes)\n"
 904            "disk size: %s\n",
 905            filename, fmt_name, size_buf,
 906            (total_sectors * 512),
 907            dsize_buf);
 908     if (bdrv_is_encrypted(bs))
 909         printf("encrypted: yes\n");
 910     if (bdrv_get_info(bs, &bdi) >= 0) {
 911         if (bdi.cluster_size != 0)
 912             printf("cluster_size: %d\n", bdi.cluster_size);
 913     }
 914     bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs, backing_filename, sizeof(backing_filename));
 915     if (backing_filename[0] != '\0') {
 916         path_combine(backing_filename2, sizeof(backing_filename2),
 917                      filename, backing_filename);
 918         printf("backing file: %s (actual path: %s)\n",
 919                backing_filename,
 920                backing_filename2);
 921     }
 922     dump_snapshots(bs);
 923     bdrv_delete(bs);
 924     return 0;
 925 }
 926
 927 #define SNAPSHOT_LIST   1
 928 #define SNAPSHOT_CREATE 2
 929 #define SNAPSHOT_APPLY  3
 930 #define SNAPSHOT_DELETE 4
 931
 932 static int img_snapshot(int argc, char **argv)
 933 {
 934     BlockDriverState *bs;
 935     QEMUSnapshotInfo sn;
 936     char *filename, *snapshot_name = NULL;
 937     int c, ret;
 938     int action = 0;
 939     qemu_timeval tv;
 940
 941     /* Parse commandline parameters */
 942     for(;;) {
 943         c = getopt(argc, argv, "la:c:d:h");
 944         if (c == -1)
 945             break;
 946         switch(c) {
 947         case 'h':
 948             help();
 949             return 0;
 950         case 'l':
 951             if (action) {
 952                 help();
 953                 return 0;
 954             }
 955             action = SNAPSHOT_LIST;
 956             break;
 957         case 'a':
 958             if (action) {
 959                 help();
 960                 return 0;
 961             }
 962             action = SNAPSHOT_APPLY;
 963             snapshot_name = optarg;
 964             break;
 965         case 'c':
 966             if (action) {
 967                 help();
 968                 return 0;
 969             }
 970             action = SNAPSHOT_CREATE;
 971             snapshot_name = optarg;
 972             break;
 973         case 'd':
 974             if (action) {
 975                 help();
 976                 return 0;
 977             }
 978             action = SNAPSHOT_DELETE;
 979             snapshot_name = optarg;
 980             break;
 981         }
 982     }
 983
 984     if (optind >= argc)
 985         help();
 986     filename = argv[optind++];
 987
 988     /* Open the image */
 989     bs = bdrv_new("");
 990     if (!bs)
 991         error("Not enough memory");
 992
 993     if (bdrv_open2(bs, filename, 0, NULL) < 0) {
 994         error("Could not open '%s'", filename);
 995     }
 996
 997     /* Perform the requested action */
 998     switch(action) {
 999     case SNAPSHOT_LIST:
1000         dump_snapshots(bs);
1001         break;
1002
1003     case SNAPSHOT_CREATE:
1004         memset(&sn, 0, sizeof(sn));
1005         pstrcpy(sn.name, sizeof(sn.name), snapshot_name);
1006
1007         qemu_gettimeofday(&tv);
1008         sn.date_sec = tv.tv_sec;
1009         sn.date_nsec = tv.tv_usec * 1000;
1010
1011         ret = bdrv_snapshot_create(bs, &sn);
1012         if (ret)
1013             error("Could not create snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
1014                 snapshot_name, ret, strerror(-ret));
1015         break;
1016
1017     case SNAPSHOT_APPLY:
1018         ret = bdrv_snapshot_goto(bs, snapshot_name);
1019         if (ret)
1020             error("Could not apply snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
1021                 snapshot_name, ret, strerror(-ret));
1022         break;
1023
1024     case SNAPSHOT_DELETE:
1025         ret = bdrv_snapshot_delete(bs, snapshot_name);
1026         if (ret)
1027             error("Could not delete snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
1028                 snapshot_name, ret, strerror(-ret));
1029         break;
1030     }
1031
1032     /* Cleanup */
1033     bdrv_delete(bs);
1034
1035     return 0;
1036 }
1037
1038 static const img_cmd_t img_cmds[] = {
1039 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string)        \
1040     { option, callback },
1041 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
1042 #undef DEF
1043 #undef GEN_DOCS
1044     { NULL, NULL, },
1045 };
1046
1047 int main(int argc, char **argv)
1048 {
1049     const img_cmd_t *cmd;
1050     const char *cmdname;
1051
1052     bdrv_init();
1053     if (argc < 2)
1054         help();
1055     cmdname = argv[1];
1056     argc--; argv++;
1057
1058     /* find the command */
1059     for(cmd = img_cmds; cmd->name != NULL; cmd++) {
1060         if (!strcmp(cmdname, cmd->name)) {
1061             return cmd->handler(argc, argv);
1062         }
1063     }
1064
1065     /* not found */
1066     help();
1067     return 0;
1068 }