1 QEMU CCID Device Documentation.
6 3. Using ccid-card-emulated with hardware
7 4. Using ccid-card-emulated with certificates
8 5. Using ccid-card-passthru with client side hardware
9 6. Using ccid-card-passthru with client side certificates
10 7. Passthrough protocol scenario
15 The USB CCID device is a USB device implementing the CCID specification, which
16 lets one connect smart card readers that implement the same spec. For more
17 information see the specification:
20 Device Class: Smart Card
23 Integrated Circuit(s) Cards Interface Devices
27 Smartcards are used for authentication, single sign on, decryption in
28 public/private schemes and digital signatures. A smartcard reader on the client
29 cannot be used on a guest with simple usb passthrough since it will then not be
30 available on the client, possibly locking the computer when it is "removed". On
31 the other hand this device can let you use the smartcard on both the client and
32 the guest machine. It is also possible to have a completely virtual smart card
33 reader and smart card (i.e. not backed by a physical device) using this device.
37 The cryptographic functions and access to the physical card is done via the
38 libcacard library, whose development package must be installed prior to
42 yum install libcacard-devel
44 apt-get install libcacard-dev
46 Configuring and building:
47 ./configure --enable-smartcard && make
50 3. Using ccid-card-emulated with hardware
52 Assuming you have a working smartcard on the host with the current
53 user, using libcacard, QEMU acts as another client using ccid-card-emulated:
55 qemu -usb -device usb-ccid -device ccid-card-emulated
58 4. Using ccid-card-emulated with certificates stored in files
60 You must create the CA and card certificates. This is a one time process.
61 We use NSS certificates:
65 certutil -N -d sql:$PWD
66 certutil -S -d sql:$PWD -s "CN=Fake Smart Card CA" -x -t TC,TC,TC -n fake-smartcard-ca
67 certutil -S -d sql:$PWD -t ,, -s "CN=John Doe" -n id-cert -c fake-smartcard-ca
68 certutil -S -d sql:$PWD -t ,, -s "CN=John Doe (signing)" --nsCertType smime -n signing-cert -c fake-smartcard-ca
69 certutil -S -d sql:$PWD -t ,, -s "CN=John Doe (encryption)" --nsCertType sslClient -n encryption-cert -c fake-smartcard-ca
71 Note: you must have exactly three certificates.
73 You can use the emulated card type with the certificates backend:
75 qemu -usb -device usb-ccid -device ccid-card-emulated,backend=certificates,db=sql:$PWD,cert1=id-cert,cert2=signing-cert,cert3=encryption-cert
77 To use the certificates in the guest, export the CA certificate:
79 certutil -L -r -d sql:$PWD -o fake-smartcard-ca.cer -n fake-smartcard-ca
81 and import it in the guest:
83 certutil -A -d /etc/pki/nssdb -i fake-smartcard-ca.cer -t TC,TC,TC -n fake-smartcard-ca
85 In a Linux guest you can then use the CoolKey PKCS #11 module to access
88 certutil -d /etc/pki/nssdb -L -h all
90 It will prompt you for the PIN (which is the password you assigned to the
91 certificate database early on), and then show you all three certificates
92 together with the manually imported CA cert:
94 Certificate Nickname Trust Attributes
95 fake-smartcard-ca CT,C,C
96 John Doe:CAC ID Certificate u,u,u
97 John Doe:CAC Email Signature Certificate u,u,u
98 John Doe:CAC Email Encryption Certificate u,u,u
100 If this does not happen, CoolKey is not installed or not registered with
101 NSS. Registration can be done from Firefox or the command line:
103 modutil -dbdir /etc/pki/nssdb -add "CAC Module" -libfile /usr/lib64/pkcs11/libcoolkeypk11.so
104 modutil -dbdir /etc/pki/nssdb -list
107 5. Using ccid-card-passthru with client side hardware
109 on the host specify the ccid-card-passthru device with a suitable chardev:
111 qemu -chardev socket,server=on,host=0.0.0.0,port=2001,id=ccid,wait=off \
112 -usb -device usb-ccid -device ccid-card-passthru,chardev=ccid
114 on the client run vscclient, built when you built QEMU:
116 vscclient <qemu-host> 2001
119 6. Using ccid-card-passthru with client side certificates
121 This case is not particularly useful, but you can use it to debug
122 your setup if #4 works but #5 does not.
124 Follow instructions as per #4, except run QEMU and vscclient as follows:
125 Run qemu as per #5, and run vscclient from the "fake-smartcard"
126 directory as follows:
128 qemu -chardev socket,server=on,host=0.0.0.0,port=2001,id=ccid,wait=off \
129 -usb -device usb-ccid -device ccid-card-passthru,chardev=ccid
130 vscclient -e "db=\"sql:$PWD\" use_hw=no soft=(,Test,CAC,,id-cert,signing-cert,encryption-cert)" <qemu-host> 2001
133 7. Passthrough protocol scenario
135 This is a typical interchange of messages when using the passthru card device.
136 usb-ccid is a usb device. It defaults to an unattached usb device on startup.
137 usb-ccid expects a chardev and expects the protocol defined in
138 cac_card/vscard_common.h to be passed over that.
139 The usb-ccid device can be in one of three modes:
141 * attached with no card
144 A typical interchange is: (the arrow shows who started each exchange, it can be client
145 originated or guest originated)
147 client event | vscclient | passthru | usb-ccid | guest event
148 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
150 | VSC_ReaderAdd | | attach |
151 | | | | sees new usb device.
152 card inserted -> | | | |
153 | VSC_ATR | insert | insert | see new card
155 | VSC_APDU | VSC_APDU | | <- guest sends APDU
156 client<->physical | | | |
157 card APDU exchange| | | |
158 client response ->| VSC_APDU | VSC_APDU | | receive APDU response
160 [APDU<->APDU repeats several times]
162 card removed -> | | | |
163 | VSC_CardRemove | remove | remove | card removed
165 [(card insert, apdu's, card remove) repeat]
169 | VSC_ReaderRemove | | detach |
170 | | | | usb device removed.
175 Both ccid-card-emulated and vscclient use libcacard as the card emulator.
176 libcacard implements a completely virtual CAC (DoD standard for smart
177 cards) compliant card and uses NSS to retrieve certificates and do
178 any encryption. The backend can then be a real reader and card, or
179 certificates stored in files.
181 For documentation of the library see docs/libcacard.txt.