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s390x/virtio-ccw: wire up irq routing and irqfds
[qemu.git] / qemu-img.c
blob04ce02aeb4da61bc0a15d8c2ff9b373c3097aec3
1 /*
2 * QEMU disk image utility
3 *
4 * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
5 *
6 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
12 *
13 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
15 *
16 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
22 * THE SOFTWARE.
23 */
24 #include "qapi-visit.h"
25 #include "qapi/qmp-output-visitor.h"
26 #include "qapi/qmp/qjson.h"
27 #include "qemu-common.h"
28 #include "qemu/option.h"
29 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
30 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
31 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
32 #include "block/block_int.h"
33 #include "block/qapi.h"
34 #include <getopt.h>
35 #include <glib.h>
36
37 #define QEMU_IMG_VERSION "qemu-img version " QEMU_VERSION \
38 ", Copyright (c) 2004-2008 Fabrice Bellard\n"
39
40 typedef struct img_cmd_t {
41 const char *name;
42 int (*handler)(int argc, char **argv);
43 } img_cmd_t;
44
45 enum {
46 OPTION_OUTPUT = 256,
47 OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN = 257,
48 };
49
50 typedef enum OutputFormat {
51 OFORMAT_JSON,
52 OFORMAT_HUMAN,
53 } OutputFormat;
54
55 /* Default to cache=writeback as data integrity is not important for qemu-tcg. */
56 #define BDRV_O_FLAGS BDRV_O_CACHE_WB
57 #define BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE "writeback"
58
59 static gint compare_data(gconstpointer a, gconstpointer b, gpointer user)
60 {
61 return g_strcmp0(a, b);
62 }
63
64 static void print_format(gpointer data, gpointer user)
65 {
66 printf(" %s", (char *)data);
67 }
68
69 static void add_format_to_seq(void *opaque, const char *fmt_name)
70 {
71 GSequence *seq = opaque;
72
73 if (!g_sequence_lookup(seq, (gpointer)fmt_name,
74 compare_data, NULL)) {
75 g_sequence_insert_sorted(seq, (gpointer)fmt_name,
76 compare_data, NULL);
77 }
78 }
79
80 static void QEMU_NORETURN GCC_FMT_ATTR(1, 2) error_exit(const char *fmt, ...)
81 {
82 va_list ap;
83
84 error_printf("qemu-img: ");
85
86 va_start(ap, fmt);
87 error_vprintf(fmt, ap);
88 va_end(ap);
89
90 error_printf("\nTry 'qemu-img --help' for more information\n");
91 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
92 }
93
94 /* Please keep in synch with qemu-img.texi */
95 static void QEMU_NORETURN help(void)
96 {
97 const char *help_msg =
98 QEMU_IMG_VERSION
99 "usage: qemu-img command [command options]\n"
100 "QEMU disk image utility\n"
101 "\n"
102 "Command syntax:\n"
103 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
104 " " arg_string "\n"
105 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
106 #undef DEF
107 #undef GEN_DOCS
108 "\n"
109 "Command parameters:\n"
110 " 'filename' is a disk image filename\n"
111 " 'fmt' is the disk image format. It is guessed automatically in most cases\n"
112 " 'cache' is the cache mode used to write the output disk image, the valid\n"
113 " options are: 'none', 'writeback' (default, except for convert), 'writethrough',\n"
114 " 'directsync' and 'unsafe' (default for convert)\n"
115 " 'size' is the disk image size in bytes. Optional suffixes\n"
116 " 'k' or 'K' (kilobyte, 1024), 'M' (megabyte, 1024k), 'G' (gigabyte, 1024M),\n"
117 " 'T' (terabyte, 1024G), 'P' (petabyte, 1024T) and 'E' (exabyte, 1024P) are\n"
118 " supported. 'b' is ignored.\n"
119 " 'output_filename' is the destination disk image filename\n"
120 " 'output_fmt' is the destination format\n"
121 " 'options' is a comma separated list of format specific options in a\n"
122 " name=value format. Use -o ? for an overview of the options supported by the\n"
123 " used format\n"
124 " 'snapshot_param' is param used for internal snapshot, format\n"
125 " is 'snapshot.id=[ID],snapshot.name=[NAME]', or\n"
126 " '[ID_OR_NAME]'\n"
127 " 'snapshot_id_or_name' is deprecated, use 'snapshot_param'\n"
128 " instead\n"
129 " '-c' indicates that target image must be compressed (qcow format only)\n"
130 " '-u' enables unsafe rebasing. It is assumed that old and new backing file\n"
131 " match exactly. The image doesn't need a working backing file before\n"
132 " rebasing in this case (useful for renaming the backing file)\n"
133 " '-h' with or without a command shows this help and lists the supported formats\n"
134 " '-p' show progress of command (only certain commands)\n"
135 " '-q' use Quiet mode - do not print any output (except errors)\n"
136 " '-S' indicates the consecutive number of bytes (defaults to 4k) that must\n"
137 " contain only zeros for qemu-img to create a sparse image during\n"
138 " conversion. If the number of bytes is 0, the source will not be scanned for\n"
139 " unallocated or zero sectors, and the destination image will always be\n"
140 " fully allocated\n"
141 " '--output' takes the format in which the output must be done (human or json)\n"
142 " '-n' skips the target volume creation (useful if the volume is created\n"
143 " prior to running qemu-img)\n"
144 "\n"
145 "Parameters to check subcommand:\n"
146 " '-r' tries to repair any inconsistencies that are found during the check.\n"
147 " '-r leaks' repairs only cluster leaks, whereas '-r all' fixes all\n"
148 " kinds of errors, with a higher risk of choosing the wrong fix or\n"
149 " hiding corruption that has already occurred.\n"
150 "\n"
151 "Parameters to snapshot subcommand:\n"
152 " 'snapshot' is the name of the snapshot to create, apply or delete\n"
153 " '-a' applies a snapshot (revert disk to saved state)\n"
154 " '-c' creates a snapshot\n"
155 " '-d' deletes a snapshot\n"
156 " '-l' lists all snapshots in the given image\n"
157 "\n"
158 "Parameters to compare subcommand:\n"
159 " '-f' first image format\n"
160 " '-F' second image format\n"
161 " '-s' run in Strict mode - fail on different image size or sector allocation\n";
162 GSequence *seq;
163
164 printf("%s\nSupported formats:", help_msg);
165 seq = g_sequence_new(NULL);
166 bdrv_iterate_format(add_format_to_seq, seq);
167 g_sequence_foreach(seq, print_format, NULL);
168 printf("\n");
169 g_sequence_free(seq);
170
171 exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
172 }
173
174 static int GCC_FMT_ATTR(2, 3) qprintf(bool quiet, const char *fmt, ...)
175 {
176 int ret = 0;
177 if (!quiet) {
178 va_list args;
179 va_start(args, fmt);
180 ret = vprintf(fmt, args);
181 va_end(args);
182 }
183 return ret;
184 }
185
186 #if defined(WIN32)
187 /* XXX: put correct support for win32 */
188 static int read_password(char *buf, int buf_size)
189 {
190 int c, i;
191 printf("Password: ");
192 fflush(stdout);
193 i = 0;
194 for(;;) {
195 c = getchar();
196 if (c == '\n')
197 break;
198 if (i < (buf_size - 1))
199 buf[i++] = c;
200 }
201 buf[i] = '\0';
202 return 0;
203 }
204
205 #else
206
207 #include <termios.h>
208
209 static struct termios oldtty;
210
211 static void term_exit(void)
212 {
213 tcsetattr (0, TCSANOW, &oldtty);
214 }
215
216 static void term_init(void)
217 {
218 struct termios tty;
219
220 tcgetattr (0, &tty);
221 oldtty = tty;
222
223 tty.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK|BRKINT|PARMRK|ISTRIP
224 |INLCR|IGNCR|ICRNL|IXON);
225 tty.c_oflag |= OPOST;
226 tty.c_lflag &= ~(ECHO|ECHONL|ICANON|IEXTEN);
227 tty.c_cflag &= ~(CSIZE|PARENB);
228 tty.c_cflag |= CS8;
229 tty.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
230 tty.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
231
232 tcsetattr (0, TCSANOW, &tty);
233
234 atexit(term_exit);
235 }
236
237 static int read_password(char *buf, int buf_size)
238 {
239 uint8_t ch;
240 int i, ret;
241
242 printf("password: ");
243 fflush(stdout);
244 term_init();
245 i = 0;
246 for(;;) {
247 ret = read(0, &ch, 1);
248 if (ret == -1) {
249 if (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EINTR) {
250 continue;
251 } else {
252 ret = -1;
253 break;
254 }
255 } else if (ret == 0) {
256 ret = -1;
257 break;
258 } else {
259 if (ch == '\r') {
260 ret = 0;
261 break;
262 }
263 if (i < (buf_size - 1))
264 buf[i++] = ch;
265 }
266 }
267 term_exit();
268 buf[i] = '\0';
269 printf("\n");
270 return ret;
271 }
272 #endif
273
274 static int print_block_option_help(const char *filename, const char *fmt)
275 {
276 BlockDriver *drv, *proto_drv;
277 QEMUOptionParameter *create_options = NULL;
278
279 /* Find driver and parse its options */
280 drv = bdrv_find_format(fmt);
281 if (!drv) {
282 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt);
283 return 1;
284 }
285
286 create_options = append_option_parameters(create_options,
287 drv->create_options);
288
289 if (filename) {
290 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(filename, true);
291 if (!proto_drv) {
292 error_report("Unknown protocol '%s'", filename);
293 return 1;
294 }
295 create_options = append_option_parameters(create_options,
296 proto_drv->create_options);
297 }
298
299 print_option_help(create_options);
300 free_option_parameters(create_options);
301 return 0;
302 }
303
304 static BlockDriverState *bdrv_new_open(const char *id,
305 const char *filename,
306 const char *fmt,
307 int flags,
308 bool require_io,
309 bool quiet)
310 {
311 BlockDriverState *bs;
312 BlockDriver *drv;
313 char password[256];
314 Error *local_err = NULL;
315 int ret;
316
317 bs = bdrv_new(id, &error_abort);
318
319 if (fmt) {
320 drv = bdrv_find_format(fmt);
321 if (!drv) {
322 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt);
323 goto fail;
324 }
325 } else {
326 drv = NULL;
327 }
328
329 ret = bdrv_open(&bs, filename, NULL, NULL, flags, drv, &local_err);
330 if (ret < 0) {
331 error_report("Could not open '%s': %s", filename,
332 error_get_pretty(local_err));
333 error_free(local_err);
334 goto fail;
335 }
336
337 if (bdrv_is_encrypted(bs) && require_io) {
338 qprintf(quiet, "Disk image '%s' is encrypted.\n", filename);
339 if (read_password(password, sizeof(password)) < 0) {
340 error_report("No password given");
341 goto fail;
342 }
343 if (bdrv_set_key(bs, password) < 0) {
344 error_report("invalid password");
345 goto fail;
346 }
347 }
348 return bs;
349 fail:
350 bdrv_unref(bs);
351 return NULL;
352 }
353
354 static int add_old_style_options(const char *fmt, QEMUOptionParameter *list,
355 const char *base_filename,
356 const char *base_fmt)
357 {
358 if (base_filename) {
359 if (set_option_parameter(list, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE, base_filename)) {
360 error_report("Backing file not supported for file format '%s'",
361 fmt);
362 return -1;
363 }
364 }
365 if (base_fmt) {
366 if (set_option_parameter(list, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FMT, base_fmt)) {
367 error_report("Backing file format not supported for file "
368 "format '%s'", fmt);
369 return -1;
370 }
371 }
372 return 0;
373 }
374
375 static int img_create(int argc, char **argv)
376 {
377 int c;
378 uint64_t img_size = -1;
379 const char *fmt = "raw";
380 const char *base_fmt = NULL;
381 const char *filename;
382 const char *base_filename = NULL;
383 char *options = NULL;
384 Error *local_err = NULL;
385 bool quiet = false;
386
387 for(;;) {
388 c = getopt(argc, argv, "F:b:f:he6o:q");
389 if (c == -1) {
390 break;
391 }
392 switch(c) {
393 case '?':
394 case 'h':
395 help();
396 break;
397 case 'F':
398 base_fmt = optarg;
399 break;
400 case 'b':
401 base_filename = optarg;
402 break;
403 case 'f':
404 fmt = optarg;
405 break;
406 case 'e':
407 error_report("option -e is deprecated, please use \'-o "
408 "encryption\' instead!");
409 goto fail;
410 case '6':
411 error_report("option -6 is deprecated, please use \'-o "
412 "compat6\' instead!");
413 goto fail;
414 case 'o':
415 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
416 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
417 goto fail;
418 }
419 if (!options) {
420 options = g_strdup(optarg);
421 } else {
422 char *old_options = options;
423 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
424 g_free(old_options);
425 }
426 break;
427 case 'q':
428 quiet = true;
429 break;
430 }
431 }
432
433 /* Get the filename */
434 filename = (optind < argc) ? argv[optind] : NULL;
435 if (options && has_help_option(options)) {
436 g_free(options);
437 return print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
438 }
439
440 if (optind >= argc) {
441 error_exit("Expecting image file name");
442 }
443 optind++;
444
445 /* Get image size, if specified */
446 if (optind < argc) {
447 int64_t sval;
448 char *end;
449 sval = strtosz_suffix(argv[optind++], &end, STRTOSZ_DEFSUFFIX_B);
450 if (sval < 0 || *end) {
451 if (sval == -ERANGE) {
452 error_report("Image size must be less than 8 EiB!");
453 } else {
454 error_report("Invalid image size specified! You may use k, M, "
455 "G, T, P or E suffixes for ");
456 error_report("kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, "
457 "petabytes and exabytes.");
458 }
459 goto fail;
460 }
461 img_size = (uint64_t)sval;
462 }
463 if (optind != argc) {
464 error_exit("Unexpected argument: %s", argv[optind]);
465 }
466
467 bdrv_img_create(filename, fmt, base_filename, base_fmt,
468 options, img_size, BDRV_O_FLAGS, &local_err, quiet);
469 if (local_err) {
470 error_report("%s: %s", filename, error_get_pretty(local_err));
471 error_free(local_err);
472 goto fail;
473 }
474
475 g_free(options);
476 return 0;
477
478 fail:
479 g_free(options);
480 return 1;
481 }
482
483 static void dump_json_image_check(ImageCheck *check, bool quiet)
484 {
485 Error *local_err = NULL;
486 QString *str;
487 QmpOutputVisitor *ov = qmp_output_visitor_new();
488 QObject *obj;
489 visit_type_ImageCheck(qmp_output_get_visitor(ov),
490 &check, NULL, &local_err);
491 obj = qmp_output_get_qobject(ov);
492 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
493 assert(str != NULL);
494 qprintf(quiet, "%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
495 qobject_decref(obj);
496 qmp_output_visitor_cleanup(ov);
497 QDECREF(str);
498 }
499
500 static void dump_human_image_check(ImageCheck *check, bool quiet)
501 {
502 if (!(check->corruptions || check->leaks || check->check_errors)) {
503 qprintf(quiet, "No errors were found on the image.\n");
504 } else {
505 if (check->corruptions) {
506 qprintf(quiet, "\n%" PRId64 " errors were found on the image.\n"
507 "Data may be corrupted, or further writes to the image "
508 "may corrupt it.\n",
509 check->corruptions);
510 }
511
512 if (check->leaks) {
513 qprintf(quiet,
514 "\n%" PRId64 " leaked clusters were found on the image.\n"
515 "This means waste of disk space, but no harm to data.\n",
516 check->leaks);
517 }
518
519 if (check->check_errors) {
520 qprintf(quiet,
521 "\n%" PRId64
522 " internal errors have occurred during the check.\n",
523 check->check_errors);
524 }
525 }
526
527 if (check->total_clusters != 0 && check->allocated_clusters != 0) {
528 qprintf(quiet, "%" PRId64 "/%" PRId64 " = %0.2f%% allocated, "
529 "%0.2f%% fragmented, %0.2f%% compressed clusters\n",
530 check->allocated_clusters, check->total_clusters,
531 check->allocated_clusters * 100.0 / check->total_clusters,
532 check->fragmented_clusters * 100.0 / check->allocated_clusters,
533 check->compressed_clusters * 100.0 /
534 check->allocated_clusters);
535 }
536
537 if (check->image_end_offset) {
538 qprintf(quiet,
539 "Image end offset: %" PRId64 "\n", check->image_end_offset);
540 }
541 }
542
543 static int collect_image_check(BlockDriverState *bs,
544 ImageCheck *check,
545 const char *filename,
546 const char *fmt,
547 int fix)
548 {
549 int ret;
550 BdrvCheckResult result;
551
552 ret = bdrv_check(bs, &result, fix);
553 if (ret < 0) {
554 return ret;
555 }
556
557 check->filename = g_strdup(filename);
558 check->format = g_strdup(bdrv_get_format_name(bs));
559 check->check_errors = result.check_errors;
560 check->corruptions = result.corruptions;
561 check->has_corruptions = result.corruptions != 0;
562 check->leaks = result.leaks;
563 check->has_leaks = result.leaks != 0;
564 check->corruptions_fixed = result.corruptions_fixed;
565 check->has_corruptions_fixed = result.corruptions != 0;
566 check->leaks_fixed = result.leaks_fixed;
567 check->has_leaks_fixed = result.leaks != 0;
568 check->image_end_offset = result.image_end_offset;
569 check->has_image_end_offset = result.image_end_offset != 0;
570 check->total_clusters = result.bfi.total_clusters;
571 check->has_total_clusters = result.bfi.total_clusters != 0;
572 check->allocated_clusters = result.bfi.allocated_clusters;
573 check->has_allocated_clusters = result.bfi.allocated_clusters != 0;
574 check->fragmented_clusters = result.bfi.fragmented_clusters;
575 check->has_fragmented_clusters = result.bfi.fragmented_clusters != 0;
576 check->compressed_clusters = result.bfi.compressed_clusters;
577 check->has_compressed_clusters = result.bfi.compressed_clusters != 0;
578
579 return 0;
580 }
581
582 /*
583 * Checks an image for consistency. Exit codes:
584 *
585 * 0 - Check completed, image is good
586 * 1 - Check not completed because of internal errors
587 * 2 - Check completed, image is corrupted
588 * 3 - Check completed, image has leaked clusters, but is good otherwise
589 */
590 static int img_check(int argc, char **argv)
591 {
592 int c, ret;
593 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
594 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
595 BlockDriverState *bs;
596 int fix = 0;
597 int flags = BDRV_O_FLAGS | BDRV_O_CHECK;
598 ImageCheck *check;
599 bool quiet = false;
600
601 fmt = NULL;
602 output = NULL;
603 for(;;) {
604 int option_index = 0;
605 static const struct option long_options[] = {
606 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
607 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
608 {"repair", required_argument, 0, 'r'},
609 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
610 {0, 0, 0, 0}
611 };
612 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "f:hr:q",
613 long_options, &option_index);
614 if (c == -1) {
615 break;
616 }
617 switch(c) {
618 case '?':
619 case 'h':
620 help();
621 break;
622 case 'f':
623 fmt = optarg;
624 break;
625 case 'r':
626 flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
627
628 if (!strcmp(optarg, "leaks")) {
629 fix = BDRV_FIX_LEAKS;
630 } else if (!strcmp(optarg, "all")) {
631 fix = BDRV_FIX_LEAKS | BDRV_FIX_ERRORS;
632 } else {
633 error_exit("Unknown option value for -r "
634 "(expecting 'leaks' or 'all'): %s", optarg);
635 }
636 break;
637 case OPTION_OUTPUT:
638 output = optarg;
639 break;
640 case 'q':
641 quiet = true;
642 break;
643 }
644 }
645 if (optind != argc - 1) {
646 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
647 }
648 filename = argv[optind++];
649
650 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
651 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
652 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
653 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
654 } else if (output) {
655 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
656 return 1;
657 }
658
659 bs = bdrv_new_open("image", filename, fmt, flags, true, quiet);
660 if (!bs) {
661 return 1;
662 }
663
664 check = g_new0(ImageCheck, 1);
665 ret = collect_image_check(bs, check, filename, fmt, fix);
666
667 if (ret == -ENOTSUP) {
668 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
669 error_report("This image format does not support checks");
670 }
671 ret = 63;
672 goto fail;
673 }
674
675 if (check->corruptions_fixed || check->leaks_fixed) {
676 int corruptions_fixed, leaks_fixed;
677
678 leaks_fixed = check->leaks_fixed;
679 corruptions_fixed = check->corruptions_fixed;
680
681 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
682 qprintf(quiet,
683 "The following inconsistencies were found and repaired:\n\n"
684 " %" PRId64 " leaked clusters\n"
685 " %" PRId64 " corruptions\n\n"
686 "Double checking the fixed image now...\n",
687 check->leaks_fixed,
688 check->corruptions_fixed);
689 }
690
691 ret = collect_image_check(bs, check, filename, fmt, 0);
692
693 check->leaks_fixed = leaks_fixed;
694 check->corruptions_fixed = corruptions_fixed;
695 }
696
697 switch (output_format) {
698 case OFORMAT_HUMAN:
699 dump_human_image_check(check, quiet);
700 break;
701 case OFORMAT_JSON:
702 dump_json_image_check(check, quiet);
703 break;
704 }
705
706 if (ret || check->check_errors) {
707 ret = 1;
708 goto fail;
709 }
710
711 if (check->corruptions) {
712 ret = 2;
713 } else if (check->leaks) {
714 ret = 3;
715 } else {
716 ret = 0;
717 }
718
719 fail:
720 qapi_free_ImageCheck(check);
721 bdrv_unref(bs);
722
723 return ret;
724 }
725
726 static int img_commit(int argc, char **argv)
727 {
728 int c, ret, flags;
729 const char *filename, *fmt, *cache;
730 BlockDriverState *bs;
731 bool quiet = false;
732
733 fmt = NULL;
734 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
735 for(;;) {
736 c = getopt(argc, argv, "f:ht:q");
737 if (c == -1) {
738 break;
739 }
740 switch(c) {
741 case '?':
742 case 'h':
743 help();
744 break;
745 case 'f':
746 fmt = optarg;
747 break;
748 case 't':
749 cache = optarg;
750 break;
751 case 'q':
752 quiet = true;
753 break;
754 }
755 }
756 if (optind != argc - 1) {
757 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
758 }
759 filename = argv[optind++];
760
761 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR;
762 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_flags(cache, &flags);
763 if (ret < 0) {
764 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
765 return -1;
766 }
767
768 bs = bdrv_new_open("image", filename, fmt, flags, true, quiet);
769 if (!bs) {
770 return 1;
771 }
772 ret = bdrv_commit(bs);
773 switch(ret) {
774 case 0:
775 qprintf(quiet, "Image committed.\n");
776 break;
777 case -ENOENT:
778 error_report("No disk inserted");
779 break;
780 case -EACCES:
781 error_report("Image is read-only");
782 break;
783 case -ENOTSUP:
784 error_report("Image is already committed");
785 break;
786 default:
787 error_report("Error while committing image");
788 break;
789 }
790
791 bdrv_unref(bs);
792 if (ret) {
793 return 1;
794 }
795 return 0;
796 }
797
798 /*
799 * Returns true iff the first sector pointed to by 'buf' contains at least
800 * a non-NUL byte.
801 *
802 * 'pnum' is set to the number of sectors (including and immediately following
803 * the first one) that are known to be in the same allocated/unallocated state.
804 */
805 static int is_allocated_sectors(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum)
806 {
807 bool is_zero;
808 int i;
809
810 if (n <= 0) {
811 *pnum = 0;
812 return 0;
813 }
814 is_zero = buffer_is_zero(buf, 512);
815 for(i = 1; i < n; i++) {
816 buf += 512;
817 if (is_zero != buffer_is_zero(buf, 512)) {
818 break;
819 }
820 }
821 *pnum = i;
822 return !is_zero;
823 }
824
825 /*
826 * Like is_allocated_sectors, but if the buffer starts with a used sector,
827 * up to 'min' consecutive sectors containing zeros are ignored. This avoids
828 * breaking up write requests for only small sparse areas.
829 */
830 static int is_allocated_sectors_min(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum,
831 int min)
832 {
833 int ret;
834 int num_checked, num_used;
835
836 if (n < min) {
837 min = n;
838 }
839
840 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buf, n, pnum);
841 if (!ret) {
842 return ret;
843 }
844
845 num_used = *pnum;
846 buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * *pnum;
847 n -= *pnum;
848 num_checked = num_used;
849
850 while (n > 0) {
851 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buf, n, pnum);
852
853 buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * *pnum;
854 n -= *pnum;
855 num_checked += *pnum;
856 if (ret) {
857 num_used = num_checked;
858 } else if (*pnum >= min) {
859 break;
860 }
861 }
862
863 *pnum = num_used;
864 return 1;
865 }
866
867 /*
868 * Compares two buffers sector by sector. Returns 0 if the first sector of both
869 * buffers matches, non-zero otherwise.
870 *
871 * pnum is set to the number of sectors (including and immediately following
872 * the first one) that are known to have the same comparison result
873 */
874 static int compare_sectors(const uint8_t *buf1, const uint8_t *buf2, int n,
875 int *pnum)
876 {
877 int res, i;
878
879 if (n <= 0) {
880 *pnum = 0;
881 return 0;
882 }
883
884 res = !!memcmp(buf1, buf2, 512);
885 for(i = 1; i < n; i++) {
886 buf1 += 512;
887 buf2 += 512;
888
889 if (!!memcmp(buf1, buf2, 512) != res) {
890 break;
891 }
892 }
893
894 *pnum = i;
895 return res;
896 }
897
898 #define IO_BUF_SIZE (2 * 1024 * 1024)
899
900 static int64_t sectors_to_bytes(int64_t sectors)
901 {
902 return sectors << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
903 }
904
905 static int64_t sectors_to_process(int64_t total, int64_t from)
906 {
907 return MIN(total - from, IO_BUF_SIZE >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
908 }
909
910 /*
911 * Check if passed sectors are empty (not allocated or contain only 0 bytes)
912 *
913 * Returns 0 in case sectors are filled with 0, 1 if sectors contain non-zero
914 * data and negative value on error.
915 *
916 * @param bs: Driver used for accessing file
917 * @param sect_num: Number of first sector to check
918 * @param sect_count: Number of sectors to check
919 * @param filename: Name of disk file we are checking (logging purpose)
920 * @param buffer: Allocated buffer for storing read data
921 * @param quiet: Flag for quiet mode
922 */
923 static int check_empty_sectors(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sect_num,
924 int sect_count, const char *filename,
925 uint8_t *buffer, bool quiet)
926 {
927 int pnum, ret = 0;
928 ret = bdrv_read(bs, sect_num, buffer, sect_count);
929 if (ret < 0) {
930 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64 " of %s: %s",
931 sectors_to_bytes(sect_num), filename, strerror(-ret));
932 return ret;
933 }
934 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buffer, sect_count, &pnum);
935 if (ret || pnum != sect_count) {
936 qprintf(quiet, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64 "!\n",
937 sectors_to_bytes(ret ? sect_num : sect_num + pnum));
938 return 1;
939 }
940
941 return 0;
942 }
943
944 /*
945 * Compares two images. Exit codes:
946 *
947 * 0 - Images are identical
948 * 1 - Images differ
949 * >1 - Error occurred
950 */
951 static int img_compare(int argc, char **argv)
952 {
953 const char *fmt1 = NULL, *fmt2 = NULL, *filename1, *filename2;
954 BlockDriverState *bs1, *bs2;
955 int64_t total_sectors1, total_sectors2;
956 uint8_t *buf1 = NULL, *buf2 = NULL;
957 int pnum1, pnum2;
958 int allocated1, allocated2;
959 int ret = 0; /* return value - 0 Ident, 1 Different, >1 Error */
960 bool progress = false, quiet = false, strict = false;
961 int64_t total_sectors;
962 int64_t sector_num = 0;
963 int64_t nb_sectors;
964 int c, pnum;
965 uint64_t bs_sectors;
966 uint64_t progress_base;
967
968 for (;;) {
969 c = getopt(argc, argv, "hpf:F:sq");
970 if (c == -1) {
971 break;
972 }
973 switch (c) {
974 case '?':
975 case 'h':
976 help();
977 break;
978 case 'f':
979 fmt1 = optarg;
980 break;
981 case 'F':
982 fmt2 = optarg;
983 break;
984 case 'p':
985 progress = true;
986 break;
987 case 'q':
988 quiet = true;
989 break;
990 case 's':
991 strict = true;
992 break;
993 }
994 }
995
996 /* Progress is not shown in Quiet mode */
997 if (quiet) {
998 progress = false;
999 }
1000
1001
1002 if (optind != argc - 2) {
1003 error_exit("Expecting two image file names");
1004 }
1005 filename1 = argv[optind++];
1006 filename2 = argv[optind++];
1007
1008 /* Initialize before goto out */
1009 qemu_progress_init(progress, 2.0);
1010
1011 bs1 = bdrv_new_open("image 1", filename1, fmt1, BDRV_O_FLAGS, true, quiet);
1012 if (!bs1) {
1013 error_report("Can't open file %s", filename1);
1014 ret = 2;
1015 goto out3;
1016 }
1017
1018 bs2 = bdrv_new_open("image 2", filename2, fmt2, BDRV_O_FLAGS, true, quiet);
1019 if (!bs2) {
1020 error_report("Can't open file %s", filename2);
1021 ret = 2;
1022 goto out2;
1023 }
1024
1025 buf1 = qemu_blockalign(bs1, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1026 buf2 = qemu_blockalign(bs2, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1027 bdrv_get_geometry(bs1, &bs_sectors);
1028 total_sectors1 = bs_sectors;
1029 bdrv_get_geometry(bs2, &bs_sectors);
1030 total_sectors2 = bs_sectors;
1031 total_sectors = MIN(total_sectors1, total_sectors2);
1032 progress_base = MAX(total_sectors1, total_sectors2);
1033
1034 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
1035
1036 if (strict && total_sectors1 != total_sectors2) {
1037 ret = 1;
1038 qprintf(quiet, "Strict mode: Image size mismatch!\n");
1039 goto out;
1040 }
1041
1042 for (;;) {
1043 nb_sectors = sectors_to_process(total_sectors, sector_num);
1044 if (nb_sectors <= 0) {
1045 break;
1046 }
1047 allocated1 = bdrv_is_allocated_above(bs1, NULL, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1048 &pnum1);
1049 if (allocated1 < 0) {
1050 ret = 3;
1051 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename1);
1052 goto out;
1053 }
1054
1055 allocated2 = bdrv_is_allocated_above(bs2, NULL, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1056 &pnum2);
1057 if (allocated2 < 0) {
1058 ret = 3;
1059 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename2);
1060 goto out;
1061 }
1062 nb_sectors = MIN(pnum1, pnum2);
1063
1064 if (allocated1 == allocated2) {
1065 if (allocated1) {
1066 ret = bdrv_read(bs1, sector_num, buf1, nb_sectors);
1067 if (ret < 0) {
1068 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64 " of %s:"
1069 " %s", sectors_to_bytes(sector_num), filename1,
1070 strerror(-ret));
1071 ret = 4;
1072 goto out;
1073 }
1074 ret = bdrv_read(bs2, sector_num, buf2, nb_sectors);
1075 if (ret < 0) {
1076 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1077 " of %s: %s", sectors_to_bytes(sector_num),
1078 filename2, strerror(-ret));
1079 ret = 4;
1080 goto out;
1081 }
1082 ret = compare_sectors(buf1, buf2, nb_sectors, &pnum);
1083 if (ret || pnum != nb_sectors) {
1084 qprintf(quiet, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64 "!\n",
1085 sectors_to_bytes(
1086 ret ? sector_num : sector_num + pnum));
1087 ret = 1;
1088 goto out;
1089 }
1090 }
1091 } else {
1092 if (strict) {
1093 ret = 1;
1094 qprintf(quiet, "Strict mode: Offset %" PRId64
1095 " allocation mismatch!\n",
1096 sectors_to_bytes(sector_num));
1097 goto out;
1098 }
1099
1100 if (allocated1) {
1101 ret = check_empty_sectors(bs1, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1102 filename1, buf1, quiet);
1103 } else {
1104 ret = check_empty_sectors(bs2, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1105 filename2, buf1, quiet);
1106 }
1107 if (ret) {
1108 if (ret < 0) {
1109 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64 ": %s",
1110 sectors_to_bytes(sector_num), strerror(-ret));
1111 ret = 4;
1112 }
1113 goto out;
1114 }
1115 }
1116 sector_num += nb_sectors;
1117 qemu_progress_print(((float) nb_sectors / progress_base)*100, 100);
1118 }
1119
1120 if (total_sectors1 != total_sectors2) {
1121 BlockDriverState *bs_over;
1122 int64_t total_sectors_over;
1123 const char *filename_over;
1124
1125 qprintf(quiet, "Warning: Image size mismatch!\n");
1126 if (total_sectors1 > total_sectors2) {
1127 total_sectors_over = total_sectors1;
1128 bs_over = bs1;
1129 filename_over = filename1;
1130 } else {
1131 total_sectors_over = total_sectors2;
1132 bs_over = bs2;
1133 filename_over = filename2;
1134 }
1135
1136 for (;;) {
1137 nb_sectors = sectors_to_process(total_sectors_over, sector_num);
1138 if (nb_sectors <= 0) {
1139 break;
1140 }
1141 ret = bdrv_is_allocated_above(bs_over, NULL, sector_num,
1142 nb_sectors, &pnum);
1143 if (ret < 0) {
1144 ret = 3;
1145 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s",
1146 filename_over);
1147 goto out;
1148
1149 }
1150 nb_sectors = pnum;
1151 if (ret) {
1152 ret = check_empty_sectors(bs_over, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1153 filename_over, buf1, quiet);
1154 if (ret) {
1155 if (ret < 0) {
1156 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1157 " of %s: %s", sectors_to_bytes(sector_num),
1158 filename_over, strerror(-ret));
1159 ret = 4;
1160 }
1161 goto out;
1162 }
1163 }
1164 sector_num += nb_sectors;
1165 qemu_progress_print(((float) nb_sectors / progress_base)*100, 100);
1166 }
1167 }
1168
1169 qprintf(quiet, "Images are identical.\n");
1170 ret = 0;
1171
1172 out:
1173 bdrv_unref(bs2);
1174 qemu_vfree(buf1);
1175 qemu_vfree(buf2);
1176 out2:
1177 bdrv_unref(bs1);
1178 out3:
1179 qemu_progress_end();
1180 return ret;
1181 }
1182
1183 static int img_convert(int argc, char **argv)
1184 {
1185 int c, n, n1, bs_n, bs_i, compress, cluster_sectors, skip_create;
1186 int64_t ret = 0;
1187 int progress = 0, flags;
1188 const char *fmt, *out_fmt, *cache, *out_baseimg, *out_filename;
1189 BlockDriver *drv, *proto_drv;
1190 BlockDriverState **bs = NULL, *out_bs = NULL;
1191 int64_t total_sectors, nb_sectors, sector_num, bs_offset;
1192 uint64_t bs_sectors;
1193 uint8_t * buf = NULL;
1194 size_t bufsectors = IO_BUF_SIZE / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1195 const uint8_t *buf1;
1196 BlockDriverInfo bdi;
1197 QEMUOptionParameter *param = NULL, *create_options = NULL;
1198 QEMUOptionParameter *out_baseimg_param;
1199 char *options = NULL;
1200 const char *snapshot_name = NULL;
1201 int min_sparse = 8; /* Need at least 4k of zeros for sparse detection */
1202 bool quiet = false;
1203 Error *local_err = NULL;
1204 QemuOpts *sn_opts = NULL;
1205
1206 fmt = NULL;
1207 out_fmt = "raw";
1208 cache = "unsafe";
1209 out_baseimg = NULL;
1210 compress = 0;
1211 skip_create = 0;
1212 for(;;) {
1213 c = getopt(argc, argv, "f:O:B:s:hce6o:pS:t:qnl:");
1214 if (c == -1) {
1215 break;
1216 }
1217 switch(c) {
1218 case '?':
1219 case 'h':
1220 help();
1221 break;
1222 case 'f':
1223 fmt = optarg;
1224 break;
1225 case 'O':
1226 out_fmt = optarg;
1227 break;
1228 case 'B':
1229 out_baseimg = optarg;
1230 break;
1231 case 'c':
1232 compress = 1;
1233 break;
1234 case 'e':
1235 error_report("option -e is deprecated, please use \'-o "
1236 "encryption\' instead!");
1237 ret = -1;
1238 goto fail_getopt;
1239 case '6':
1240 error_report("option -6 is deprecated, please use \'-o "
1241 "compat6\' instead!");
1242 ret = -1;
1243 goto fail_getopt;
1244 case 'o':
1245 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
1246 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
1247 ret = -1;
1248 goto fail_getopt;
1249 }
1250 if (!options) {
1251 options = g_strdup(optarg);
1252 } else {
1253 char *old_options = options;
1254 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
1255 g_free(old_options);
1256 }
1257 break;
1258 case 's':
1259 snapshot_name = optarg;
1260 break;
1261 case 'l':
1262 if (strstart(optarg, SNAPSHOT_OPT_BASE, NULL)) {
1263 sn_opts = qemu_opts_parse(&internal_snapshot_opts, optarg, 0);
1264 if (!sn_opts) {
1265 error_report("Failed in parsing snapshot param '%s'",
1266 optarg);
1267 ret = -1;
1268 goto fail_getopt;
1269 }
1270 } else {
1271 snapshot_name = optarg;
1272 }
1273 break;
1274 case 'S':
1275 {
1276 int64_t sval;
1277 char *end;
1278 sval = strtosz_suffix(optarg, &end, STRTOSZ_DEFSUFFIX_B);
1279 if (sval < 0 || *end) {
1280 error_report("Invalid minimum zero buffer size for sparse output specified");
1281 ret = -1;
1282 goto fail_getopt;
1283 }
1284
1285 min_sparse = sval / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1286 break;
1287 }
1288 case 'p':
1289 progress = 1;
1290 break;
1291 case 't':
1292 cache = optarg;
1293 break;
1294 case 'q':
1295 quiet = true;
1296 break;
1297 case 'n':
1298 skip_create = 1;
1299 break;
1300 }
1301 }
1302
1303 /* Initialize before goto out */
1304 if (quiet) {
1305 progress = 0;
1306 }
1307 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.0);
1308
1309
1310 bs_n = argc - optind - 1;
1311 out_filename = bs_n >= 1 ? argv[argc - 1] : NULL;
1312
1313 if (options && has_help_option(options)) {
1314 ret = print_block_option_help(out_filename, out_fmt);
1315 goto out;
1316 }
1317
1318 if (bs_n < 1) {
1319 error_exit("Must specify image file name");
1320 }
1321
1322
1323 if (bs_n > 1 && out_baseimg) {
1324 error_report("-B makes no sense when concatenating multiple input "
1325 "images");
1326 ret = -1;
1327 goto out;
1328 }
1329
1330 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
1331
1332 bs = g_malloc0(bs_n * sizeof(BlockDriverState *));
1333
1334 total_sectors = 0;
1335 for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < bs_n; bs_i++) {
1336 char *id = bs_n > 1 ? g_strdup_printf("source %d", bs_i)
1337 : g_strdup("source");
1338 bs[bs_i] = bdrv_new_open(id, argv[optind + bs_i], fmt, BDRV_O_FLAGS,
1339 true, quiet);
1340 g_free(id);
1341 if (!bs[bs_i]) {
1342 error_report("Could not open '%s'", argv[optind + bs_i]);
1343 ret = -1;
1344 goto out;
1345 }
1346 bdrv_get_geometry(bs[bs_i], &bs_sectors);
1347 total_sectors += bs_sectors;
1348 }
1349
1350 if (sn_opts) {
1351 ret = bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp(bs[0],
1352 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_ID),
1353 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_NAME),
1354 &local_err);
1355 } else if (snapshot_name != NULL) {
1356 if (bs_n > 1) {
1357 error_report("No support for concatenating multiple snapshot");
1358 ret = -1;
1359 goto out;
1360 }
1361
1362 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp_by_id_or_name(bs[0], snapshot_name, &local_err);
1363 }
1364 if (local_err) {
1365 error_report("Failed to load snapshot: %s",
1366 error_get_pretty(local_err));
1367 error_free(local_err);
1368 ret = -1;
1369 goto out;
1370 }
1371
1372 /* Find driver and parse its options */
1373 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
1374 if (!drv) {
1375 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", out_fmt);
1376 ret = -1;
1377 goto out;
1378 }
1379
1380 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(out_filename, true);
1381 if (!proto_drv) {
1382 error_report("Unknown protocol '%s'", out_filename);
1383 ret = -1;
1384 goto out;
1385 }
1386
1387 create_options = append_option_parameters(create_options,
1388 drv->create_options);
1389 create_options = append_option_parameters(create_options,
1390 proto_drv->create_options);
1391
1392 if (options) {
1393 param = parse_option_parameters(options, create_options, param);
1394 if (param == NULL) {
1395 error_report("Invalid options for file format '%s'.", out_fmt);
1396 ret = -1;
1397 goto out;
1398 }
1399 } else {
1400 param = parse_option_parameters("", create_options, param);
1401 }
1402
1403 set_option_parameter_int(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, total_sectors * 512);
1404 ret = add_old_style_options(out_fmt, param, out_baseimg, NULL);
1405 if (ret < 0) {
1406 goto out;
1407 }
1408
1409 /* Get backing file name if -o backing_file was used */
1410 out_baseimg_param = get_option_parameter(param, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE);
1411 if (out_baseimg_param) {
1412 out_baseimg = out_baseimg_param->value.s;
1413 }
1414
1415 /* Check if compression is supported */
1416 if (compress) {
1417 QEMUOptionParameter *encryption =
1418 get_option_parameter(param, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT);
1419 QEMUOptionParameter *preallocation =
1420 get_option_parameter(param, BLOCK_OPT_PREALLOC);
1421
1422 if (!drv->bdrv_write_compressed) {
1423 error_report("Compression not supported for this file format");
1424 ret = -1;
1425 goto out;
1426 }
1427
1428 if (encryption && encryption->value.n) {
1429 error_report("Compression and encryption not supported at "
1430 "the same time");
1431 ret = -1;
1432 goto out;
1433 }
1434
1435 if (preallocation && preallocation->value.s
1436 && strcmp(preallocation->value.s, "off"))
1437 {
1438 error_report("Compression and preallocation not supported at "
1439 "the same time");
1440 ret = -1;
1441 goto out;
1442 }
1443 }
1444
1445 if (!skip_create) {
1446 /* Create the new image */
1447 ret = bdrv_create(drv, out_filename, param, &local_err);
1448 if (ret < 0) {
1449 error_report("%s: error while converting %s: %s",
1450 out_filename, out_fmt, error_get_pretty(local_err));
1451 error_free(local_err);
1452 goto out;
1453 }
1454 }
1455
1456 flags = min_sparse ? (BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_UNMAP) : BDRV_O_RDWR;
1457 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_flags(cache, &flags);
1458 if (ret < 0) {
1459 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
1460 return -1;
1461 }
1462
1463 out_bs = bdrv_new_open("target", out_filename, out_fmt, flags, true, quiet);
1464 if (!out_bs) {
1465 ret = -1;
1466 goto out;
1467 }
1468
1469 bs_i = 0;
1470 bs_offset = 0;
1471 bdrv_get_geometry(bs[0], &bs_sectors);
1472
1473 /* increase bufsectors from the default 4096 (2M) if opt_transfer_length
1474 * or discard_alignment of the out_bs is greater. Limit to 32768 (16MB)
1475 * as maximum. */
1476 bufsectors = MIN(32768,
1477 MAX(bufsectors, MAX(out_bs->bl.opt_transfer_length,
1478 out_bs->bl.discard_alignment))
1479 );
1480
1481 buf = qemu_blockalign(out_bs, bufsectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1482
1483 if (skip_create) {
1484 int64_t output_length = bdrv_getlength(out_bs);
1485 if (output_length < 0) {
1486 error_report("unable to get output image length: %s\n",
1487 strerror(-output_length));
1488 ret = -1;
1489 goto out;
1490 } else if (output_length < total_sectors << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS) {
1491 error_report("output file is smaller than input file");
1492 ret = -1;
1493 goto out;
1494 }
1495 }
1496
1497 cluster_sectors = 0;
1498 ret = bdrv_get_info(out_bs, &bdi);
1499 if (ret < 0) {
1500 if (compress) {
1501 error_report("could not get block driver info");
1502 goto out;
1503 }
1504 } else {
1505 compress = compress || bdi.needs_compressed_writes;
1506 cluster_sectors = bdi.cluster_size / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1507 }
1508
1509 if (compress) {
1510 if (cluster_sectors <= 0 || cluster_sectors > bufsectors) {
1511 error_report("invalid cluster size");
1512 ret = -1;
1513 goto out;
1514 }
1515 sector_num = 0;
1516
1517 nb_sectors = total_sectors;
1518
1519 for(;;) {
1520 int64_t bs_num;
1521 int remainder;
1522 uint8_t *buf2;
1523
1524 nb_sectors = total_sectors - sector_num;
1525 if (nb_sectors <= 0)
1526 break;
1527 if (nb_sectors >= cluster_sectors)
1528 n = cluster_sectors;
1529 else
1530 n = nb_sectors;
1531
1532 bs_num = sector_num - bs_offset;
1533 assert (bs_num >= 0);
1534 remainder = n;
1535 buf2 = buf;
1536 while (remainder > 0) {
1537 int nlow;
1538 while (bs_num == bs_sectors) {
1539 bs_i++;
1540 assert (bs_i < bs_n);
1541 bs_offset += bs_sectors;
1542 bdrv_get_geometry(bs[bs_i], &bs_sectors);
1543 bs_num = 0;
1544 /* printf("changing part: sector_num=%" PRId64 ", "
1545 "bs_i=%d, bs_offset=%" PRId64 ", bs_sectors=%" PRId64
1546 "\n", sector_num, bs_i, bs_offset, bs_sectors); */
1547 }
1548 assert (bs_num < bs_sectors);
1549
1550 nlow = (remainder > bs_sectors - bs_num) ? bs_sectors - bs_num : remainder;
1551
1552 ret = bdrv_read(bs[bs_i], bs_num, buf2, nlow);
1553 if (ret < 0) {
1554 error_report("error while reading sector %" PRId64 ": %s",
1555 bs_num, strerror(-ret));
1556 goto out;
1557 }
1558
1559 buf2 += nlow * 512;
1560 bs_num += nlow;
1561
1562 remainder -= nlow;
1563 }
1564 assert (remainder == 0);
1565
1566 if (!buffer_is_zero(buf, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE)) {
1567 ret = bdrv_write_compressed(out_bs, sector_num, buf, n);
1568 if (ret != 0) {
1569 error_report("error while compressing sector %" PRId64
1570 ": %s", sector_num, strerror(-ret));
1571 goto out;
1572 }
1573 }
1574 sector_num += n;
1575 qemu_progress_print(100.0 * sector_num / total_sectors, 0);
1576 }
1577 /* signal EOF to align */
1578 bdrv_write_compressed(out_bs, 0, NULL, 0);
1579 } else {
1580 int64_t sectors_to_read, sectors_read, sector_num_next_status;
1581 bool count_allocated_sectors;
1582 int has_zero_init = min_sparse ? bdrv_has_zero_init(out_bs) : 0;
1583
1584 if (!has_zero_init && bdrv_can_write_zeroes_with_unmap(out_bs)) {
1585 ret = bdrv_make_zero(out_bs, BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP);
1586 if (ret < 0) {
1587 goto out;
1588 }
1589 has_zero_init = 1;
1590 }
1591
1592 sectors_to_read = total_sectors;
1593 count_allocated_sectors = progress && (out_baseimg || has_zero_init);
1594 restart:
1595 sector_num = 0; // total number of sectors converted so far
1596 sectors_read = 0;
1597 sector_num_next_status = 0;
1598
1599 for(;;) {
1600 nb_sectors = total_sectors - sector_num;
1601 if (nb_sectors <= 0) {
1602 if (count_allocated_sectors) {
1603 sectors_to_read = sectors_read;
1604 count_allocated_sectors = false;
1605 goto restart;
1606 }
1607 ret = 0;
1608 break;
1609 }
1610
1611 while (sector_num - bs_offset >= bs_sectors) {
1612 bs_i ++;
1613 assert (bs_i < bs_n);
1614 bs_offset += bs_sectors;
1615 bdrv_get_geometry(bs[bs_i], &bs_sectors);
1616 /* printf("changing part: sector_num=%" PRId64 ", bs_i=%d, "
1617 "bs_offset=%" PRId64 ", bs_sectors=%" PRId64 "\n",
1618 sector_num, bs_i, bs_offset, bs_sectors); */
1619 }
1620
1621 if ((out_baseimg || has_zero_init) &&
1622 sector_num >= sector_num_next_status) {
1623 n = nb_sectors > INT_MAX ? INT_MAX : nb_sectors;
1624 ret = bdrv_get_block_status(bs[bs_i], sector_num - bs_offset,
1625 n, &n1);
1626 if (ret < 0) {
1627 error_report("error while reading block status of sector %"
1628 PRId64 ": %s", sector_num - bs_offset,
1629 strerror(-ret));
1630 goto out;
1631 }
1632 /* If the output image is zero initialized, we are not working
1633 * on a shared base and the input is zero we can skip the next
1634 * n1 sectors */
1635 if (has_zero_init && !out_baseimg && (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO)) {
1636 sector_num += n1;
1637 continue;
1638 }
1639 /* If the output image is being created as a copy on write
1640 * image, assume that sectors which are unallocated in the
1641 * input image are present in both the output's and input's
1642 * base images (no need to copy them). */
1643 if (out_baseimg) {
1644 if (!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA)) {
1645 sector_num += n1;
1646 continue;
1647 }
1648 /* The next 'n1' sectors are allocated in the input image.
1649 * Copy only those as they may be followed by unallocated
1650 * sectors. */
1651 nb_sectors = n1;
1652 }
1653 /* avoid redundant callouts to get_block_status */
1654 sector_num_next_status = sector_num + n1;
1655 }
1656
1657 n = MIN(nb_sectors, bufsectors);
1658
1659 /* round down request length to an aligned sector, but
1660 * do not bother doing this on short requests. They happen
1661 * when we found an all-zero area, and the next sector to
1662 * write will not be sector_num + n. */
1663 if (cluster_sectors > 0 && n >= cluster_sectors) {
1664 int64_t next_aligned_sector = (sector_num + n);
1665 next_aligned_sector -= next_aligned_sector % cluster_sectors;
1666 if (sector_num + n > next_aligned_sector) {
1667 n = next_aligned_sector - sector_num;
1668 }
1669 }
1670
1671 n = MIN(n, bs_sectors - (sector_num - bs_offset));
1672
1673 sectors_read += n;
1674 if (count_allocated_sectors) {
1675 sector_num += n;
1676 continue;
1677 }
1678
1679 n1 = n;
1680 ret = bdrv_read(bs[bs_i], sector_num - bs_offset, buf, n);
1681 if (ret < 0) {
1682 error_report("error while reading sector %" PRId64 ": %s",
1683 sector_num - bs_offset, strerror(-ret));
1684 goto out;
1685 }
1686 /* NOTE: at the same time we convert, we do not write zero
1687 sectors to have a chance to compress the image. Ideally, we
1688 should add a specific call to have the info to go faster */
1689 buf1 = buf;
1690 while (n > 0) {
1691 if (!has_zero_init ||
1692 is_allocated_sectors_min(buf1, n, &n1, min_sparse)) {
1693 ret = bdrv_write(out_bs, sector_num, buf1, n1);
1694 if (ret < 0) {
1695 error_report("error while writing sector %" PRId64
1696 ": %s", sector_num, strerror(-ret));
1697 goto out;
1698 }
1699 }
1700 sector_num += n1;
1701 n -= n1;
1702 buf1 += n1 * 512;
1703 }
1704 qemu_progress_print(100.0 * sectors_read / sectors_to_read, 0);
1705 }
1706 }
1707 out:
1708 if (!ret) {
1709 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
1710 }
1711 qemu_progress_end();
1712 free_option_parameters(create_options);
1713 free_option_parameters(param);
1714 qemu_vfree(buf);
1715 if (sn_opts) {
1716 qemu_opts_del(sn_opts);
1717 }
1718 if (out_bs) {
1719 bdrv_unref(out_bs);
1720 }
1721 if (bs) {
1722 for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < bs_n; bs_i++) {
1723 if (bs[bs_i]) {
1724 bdrv_unref(bs[bs_i]);
1725 }
1726 }
1727 g_free(bs);
1728 }
1729 fail_getopt:
1730 g_free(options);
1731
1732 if (ret) {
1733 return 1;
1734 }
1735 return 0;
1736 }
1737
1738
1739 static void dump_snapshots(BlockDriverState *bs)
1740 {
1741 QEMUSnapshotInfo *sn_tab, *sn;
1742 int nb_sns, i;
1743
1744 nb_sns = bdrv_snapshot_list(bs, &sn_tab);
1745 if (nb_sns <= 0)
1746 return;
1747 printf("Snapshot list:\n");
1748 bdrv_snapshot_dump(fprintf, stdout, NULL);
1749 printf("\n");
1750 for(i = 0; i < nb_sns; i++) {
1751 sn = &sn_tab[i];
1752 bdrv_snapshot_dump(fprintf, stdout, sn);
1753 printf("\n");
1754 }
1755 g_free(sn_tab);
1756 }
1757
1758 static void dump_json_image_info_list(ImageInfoList *list)
1759 {
1760 Error *local_err = NULL;
1761 QString *str;
1762 QmpOutputVisitor *ov = qmp_output_visitor_new();
1763 QObject *obj;
1764 visit_type_ImageInfoList(qmp_output_get_visitor(ov),
1765 &list, NULL, &local_err);
1766 obj = qmp_output_get_qobject(ov);
1767 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
1768 assert(str != NULL);
1769 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
1770 qobject_decref(obj);
1771 qmp_output_visitor_cleanup(ov);
1772 QDECREF(str);
1773 }
1774
1775 static void dump_json_image_info(ImageInfo *info)
1776 {
1777 Error *local_err = NULL;
1778 QString *str;
1779 QmpOutputVisitor *ov = qmp_output_visitor_new();
1780 QObject *obj;
1781 visit_type_ImageInfo(qmp_output_get_visitor(ov),
1782 &info, NULL, &local_err);
1783 obj = qmp_output_get_qobject(ov);
1784 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
1785 assert(str != NULL);
1786 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
1787 qobject_decref(obj);
1788 qmp_output_visitor_cleanup(ov);
1789 QDECREF(str);
1790 }
1791
1792 static void dump_human_image_info_list(ImageInfoList *list)
1793 {
1794 ImageInfoList *elem;
1795 bool delim = false;
1796
1797 for (elem = list; elem; elem = elem->next) {
1798 if (delim) {
1799 printf("\n");
1800 }
1801 delim = true;
1802
1803 bdrv_image_info_dump(fprintf, stdout, elem->value);
1804 }
1805 }
1806
1807 static gboolean str_equal_func(gconstpointer a, gconstpointer b)
1808 {
1809 return strcmp(a, b) == 0;
1810 }
1811
1812 /**
1813 * Open an image file chain and return an ImageInfoList
1814 *
1815 * @filename: topmost image filename
1816 * @fmt: topmost image format (may be NULL to autodetect)
1817 * @chain: true - enumerate entire backing file chain
1818 * false - only topmost image file
1819 *
1820 * Returns a list of ImageInfo objects or NULL if there was an error opening an
1821 * image file. If there was an error a message will have been printed to
1822 * stderr.
1823 */
1824 static ImageInfoList *collect_image_info_list(const char *filename,
1825 const char *fmt,
1826 bool chain)
1827 {
1828 ImageInfoList *head = NULL;
1829 ImageInfoList **last = &head;
1830 GHashTable *filenames;
1831 Error *err = NULL;
1832
1833 filenames = g_hash_table_new_full(g_str_hash, str_equal_func, NULL, NULL);
1834
1835 while (filename) {
1836 BlockDriverState *bs;
1837 ImageInfo *info;
1838 ImageInfoList *elem;
1839
1840 if (g_hash_table_lookup_extended(filenames, filename, NULL, NULL)) {
1841 error_report("Backing file '%s' creates an infinite loop.",
1842 filename);
1843 goto err;
1844 }
1845 g_hash_table_insert(filenames, (gpointer)filename, NULL);
1846
1847 bs = bdrv_new_open("image", filename, fmt,
1848 BDRV_O_FLAGS | BDRV_O_NO_BACKING, false, false);
1849 if (!bs) {
1850 goto err;
1851 }
1852
1853 bdrv_query_image_info(bs, &info, &err);
1854 if (err) {
1855 error_report("%s", error_get_pretty(err));
1856 error_free(err);
1857 bdrv_unref(bs);
1858 goto err;
1859 }
1860
1861 elem = g_new0(ImageInfoList, 1);
1862 elem->value = info;
1863 *last = elem;
1864 last = &elem->next;
1865
1866 bdrv_unref(bs);
1867
1868 filename = fmt = NULL;
1869 if (chain) {
1870 if (info->has_full_backing_filename) {
1871 filename = info->full_backing_filename;
1872 } else if (info->has_backing_filename) {
1873 filename = info->backing_filename;
1874 }
1875 if (info->has_backing_filename_format) {
1876 fmt = info->backing_filename_format;
1877 }
1878 }
1879 }
1880 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames);
1881 return head;
1882
1883 err:
1884 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(head);
1885 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames);
1886 return NULL;
1887 }
1888
1889 static int img_info(int argc, char **argv)
1890 {
1891 int c;
1892 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
1893 bool chain = false;
1894 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
1895 ImageInfoList *list;
1896
1897 fmt = NULL;
1898 output = NULL;
1899 for(;;) {
1900 int option_index = 0;
1901 static const struct option long_options[] = {
1902 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
1903 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
1904 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
1905 {"backing-chain", no_argument, 0, OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN},
1906 {0, 0, 0, 0}
1907 };
1908 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "f:h",
1909 long_options, &option_index);
1910 if (c == -1) {
1911 break;
1912 }
1913 switch(c) {
1914 case '?':
1915 case 'h':
1916 help();
1917 break;
1918 case 'f':
1919 fmt = optarg;
1920 break;
1921 case OPTION_OUTPUT:
1922 output = optarg;
1923 break;
1924 case OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN:
1925 chain = true;
1926 break;
1927 }
1928 }
1929 if (optind != argc - 1) {
1930 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
1931 }
1932 filename = argv[optind++];
1933
1934 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
1935 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
1936 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
1937 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
1938 } else if (output) {
1939 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
1940 return 1;
1941 }
1942
1943 list = collect_image_info_list(filename, fmt, chain);
1944 if (!list) {
1945 return 1;
1946 }
1947
1948 switch (output_format) {
1949 case OFORMAT_HUMAN:
1950 dump_human_image_info_list(list);
1951 break;
1952 case OFORMAT_JSON:
1953 if (chain) {
1954 dump_json_image_info_list(list);
1955 } else {
1956 dump_json_image_info(list->value);
1957 }
1958 break;
1959 }
1960
1961 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(list);
1962 return 0;
1963 }
1964
1965
1966 typedef struct MapEntry {
1967 int flags;
1968 int depth;
1969 int64_t start;
1970 int64_t length;
1971 int64_t offset;
1972 BlockDriverState *bs;
1973 } MapEntry;
1974
1975 static void dump_map_entry(OutputFormat output_format, MapEntry *e,
1976 MapEntry *next)
1977 {
1978 switch (output_format) {
1979 case OFORMAT_HUMAN:
1980 if ((e->flags & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA) &&
1981 !(e->flags & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID)) {
1982 error_report("File contains external, encrypted or compressed clusters.");
1983 exit(1);
1984 }
1985 if ((e->flags & (BDRV_BLOCK_DATA|BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO)) == BDRV_BLOCK_DATA) {
1986 printf("%#-16"PRIx64"%#-16"PRIx64"%#-16"PRIx64"%s\n",
1987 e->start, e->length, e->offset, e->bs->filename);
1988 }
1989 /* This format ignores the distinction between 0, ZERO and ZERO|DATA.
1990 * Modify the flags here to allow more coalescing.
1991 */
1992 if (next &&
1993 (next->flags & (BDRV_BLOCK_DATA|BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO)) != BDRV_BLOCK_DATA) {
1994 next->flags &= ~BDRV_BLOCK_DATA;
1995 next->flags |= BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO;
1996 }
1997 break;
1998 case OFORMAT_JSON:
1999 printf("%s{ \"start\": %"PRId64", \"length\": %"PRId64", \"depth\": %d,"
2000 " \"zero\": %s, \"data\": %s",
2001 (e->start == 0 ? "[" : ",\n"),
2002 e->start, e->length, e->depth,
2003 (e->flags & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO) ? "true" : "false",
2004 (e->flags & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA) ? "true" : "false");
2005 if (e->flags & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID) {
2006 printf(", \"offset\": %"PRId64"", e->offset);
2007 }
2008 putchar('}');
2009
2010 if (!next) {
2011 printf("]\n");
2012 }
2013 break;
2014 }
2015 }
2016
2017 static int get_block_status(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sector_num,
2018 int nb_sectors, MapEntry *e)
2019 {
2020 int64_t ret;
2021 int depth;
2022
2023 /* As an optimization, we could cache the current range of unallocated
2024 * clusters in each file of the chain, and avoid querying the same
2025 * range repeatedly.
2026 */
2027
2028 depth = 0;
2029 for (;;) {
2030 ret = bdrv_get_block_status(bs, sector_num, nb_sectors, &nb_sectors);
2031 if (ret < 0) {
2032 return ret;
2033 }
2034 assert(nb_sectors);
2035 if (ret & (BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO|BDRV_BLOCK_DATA)) {
2036 break;
2037 }
2038 bs = bs->backing_hd;
2039 if (bs == NULL) {
2040 ret = 0;
2041 break;
2042 }
2043
2044 depth++;
2045 }
2046
2047 e->start = sector_num * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
2048 e->length = nb_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
2049 e->flags = ret & ~BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_MASK;
2050 e->offset = ret & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_MASK;
2051 e->depth = depth;
2052 e->bs = bs;
2053 return 0;
2054 }
2055
2056 static int img_map(int argc, char **argv)
2057 {
2058 int c;
2059 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2060 BlockDriverState *bs;
2061 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
2062 int64_t length;
2063 MapEntry curr = { .length = 0 }, next;
2064 int ret = 0;
2065
2066 fmt = NULL;
2067 output = NULL;
2068 for (;;) {
2069 int option_index = 0;
2070 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2071 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2072 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
2073 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
2074 {0, 0, 0, 0}
2075 };
2076 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "f:h",
2077 long_options, &option_index);
2078 if (c == -1) {
2079 break;
2080 }
2081 switch (c) {
2082 case '?':
2083 case 'h':
2084 help();
2085 break;
2086 case 'f':
2087 fmt = optarg;
2088 break;
2089 case OPTION_OUTPUT:
2090 output = optarg;
2091 break;
2092 }
2093 }
2094 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2095 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2096 }
2097 filename = argv[optind];
2098
2099 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
2100 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
2101 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
2102 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2103 } else if (output) {
2104 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
2105 return 1;
2106 }
2107
2108 bs = bdrv_new_open("image", filename, fmt, BDRV_O_FLAGS, true, false);
2109 if (!bs) {
2110 return 1;
2111 }
2112
2113 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
2114 printf("%-16s%-16s%-16s%s\n", "Offset", "Length", "Mapped to", "File");
2115 }
2116
2117 length = bdrv_getlength(bs);
2118 while (curr.start + curr.length < length) {
2119 int64_t nsectors_left;
2120 int64_t sector_num;
2121 int n;
2122
2123 sector_num = (curr.start + curr.length) >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
2124
2125 /* Probe up to 1 GiB at a time. */
2126 nsectors_left = DIV_ROUND_UP(length, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE) - sector_num;
2127 n = MIN(1 << (30 - BDRV_SECTOR_BITS), nsectors_left);
2128 ret = get_block_status(bs, sector_num, n, &next);
2129
2130 if (ret < 0) {
2131 error_report("Could not read file metadata: %s", strerror(-ret));
2132 goto out;
2133 }
2134
2135 if (curr.length != 0 && curr.flags == next.flags &&
2136 curr.depth == next.depth &&
2137 ((curr.flags & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID) == 0 ||
2138 curr.offset + curr.length == next.offset)) {
2139 curr.length += next.length;
2140 continue;
2141 }
2142
2143 if (curr.length > 0) {
2144 dump_map_entry(output_format, &curr, &next);
2145 }
2146 curr = next;
2147 }
2148
2149 dump_map_entry(output_format, &curr, NULL);
2150
2151 out:
2152 bdrv_unref(bs);
2153 return ret < 0;
2154 }
2155
2156 #define SNAPSHOT_LIST 1
2157 #define SNAPSHOT_CREATE 2
2158 #define SNAPSHOT_APPLY 3
2159 #define SNAPSHOT_DELETE 4
2160
2161 static int img_snapshot(int argc, char **argv)
2162 {
2163 BlockDriverState *bs;
2164 QEMUSnapshotInfo sn;
2165 char *filename, *snapshot_name = NULL;
2166 int c, ret = 0, bdrv_oflags;
2167 int action = 0;
2168 qemu_timeval tv;
2169 bool quiet = false;
2170 Error *err = NULL;
2171
2172 bdrv_oflags = BDRV_O_FLAGS | BDRV_O_RDWR;
2173 /* Parse commandline parameters */
2174 for(;;) {
2175 c = getopt(argc, argv, "la:c:d:hq");
2176 if (c == -1) {
2177 break;
2178 }
2179 switch(c) {
2180 case '?':
2181 case 'h':
2182 help();
2183 return 0;
2184 case 'l':
2185 if (action) {
2186 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2187 return 0;
2188 }
2189 action = SNAPSHOT_LIST;
2190 bdrv_oflags &= ~BDRV_O_RDWR; /* no need for RW */
2191 break;
2192 case 'a':
2193 if (action) {
2194 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2195 return 0;
2196 }
2197 action = SNAPSHOT_APPLY;
2198 snapshot_name = optarg;
2199 break;
2200 case 'c':
2201 if (action) {
2202 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2203 return 0;
2204 }
2205 action = SNAPSHOT_CREATE;
2206 snapshot_name = optarg;
2207 break;
2208 case 'd':
2209 if (action) {
2210 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2211 return 0;
2212 }
2213 action = SNAPSHOT_DELETE;
2214 snapshot_name = optarg;
2215 break;
2216 case 'q':
2217 quiet = true;
2218 break;
2219 }
2220 }
2221
2222 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2223 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2224 }
2225 filename = argv[optind++];
2226
2227 /* Open the image */
2228 bs = bdrv_new_open("image", filename, NULL, bdrv_oflags, true, quiet);
2229 if (!bs) {
2230 return 1;
2231 }
2232
2233 /* Perform the requested action */
2234 switch(action) {
2235 case SNAPSHOT_LIST:
2236 dump_snapshots(bs);
2237 break;
2238
2239 case SNAPSHOT_CREATE:
2240 memset(&sn, 0, sizeof(sn));
2241 pstrcpy(sn.name, sizeof(sn.name), snapshot_name);
2242
2243 qemu_gettimeofday(&tv);
2244 sn.date_sec = tv.tv_sec;
2245 sn.date_nsec = tv.tv_usec * 1000;
2246
2247 ret = bdrv_snapshot_create(bs, &sn);
2248 if (ret) {
2249 error_report("Could not create snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
2250 snapshot_name, ret, strerror(-ret));
2251 }
2252 break;
2253
2254 case SNAPSHOT_APPLY:
2255 ret = bdrv_snapshot_goto(bs, snapshot_name);
2256 if (ret) {
2257 error_report("Could not apply snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
2258 snapshot_name, ret, strerror(-ret));
2259 }
2260 break;
2261
2262 case SNAPSHOT_DELETE:
2263 bdrv_snapshot_delete_by_id_or_name(bs, snapshot_name, &err);
2264 if (err) {
2265 error_report("Could not delete snapshot '%s': (%s)",
2266 snapshot_name, error_get_pretty(err));
2267 error_free(err);
2268 ret = 1;
2269 }
2270 break;
2271 }
2272
2273 /* Cleanup */
2274 bdrv_unref(bs);
2275 if (ret) {
2276 return 1;
2277 }
2278 return 0;
2279 }
2280
2281 static int img_rebase(int argc, char **argv)
2282 {
2283 BlockDriverState *bs, *bs_old_backing = NULL, *bs_new_backing = NULL;
2284 BlockDriver *old_backing_drv, *new_backing_drv;
2285 char *filename;
2286 const char *fmt, *cache, *out_basefmt, *out_baseimg;
2287 int c, flags, ret;
2288 int unsafe = 0;
2289 int progress = 0;
2290 bool quiet = false;
2291 Error *local_err = NULL;
2292
2293 /* Parse commandline parameters */
2294 fmt = NULL;
2295 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
2296 out_baseimg = NULL;
2297 out_basefmt = NULL;
2298 for(;;) {
2299 c = getopt(argc, argv, "uhf:F:b:pt:q");
2300 if (c == -1) {
2301 break;
2302 }
2303 switch(c) {
2304 case '?':
2305 case 'h':
2306 help();
2307 return 0;
2308 case 'f':
2309 fmt = optarg;
2310 break;
2311 case 'F':
2312 out_basefmt = optarg;
2313 break;
2314 case 'b':
2315 out_baseimg = optarg;
2316 break;
2317 case 'u':
2318 unsafe = 1;
2319 break;
2320 case 'p':
2321 progress = 1;
2322 break;
2323 case 't':
2324 cache = optarg;
2325 break;
2326 case 'q':
2327 quiet = true;
2328 break;
2329 }
2330 }
2331
2332 if (quiet) {
2333 progress = 0;
2334 }
2335
2336 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2337 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2338 }
2339 if (!unsafe && !out_baseimg) {
2340 error_exit("Must specify backing file (-b) or use unsafe mode (-u)");
2341 }
2342 filename = argv[optind++];
2343
2344 qemu_progress_init(progress, 2.0);
2345 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
2346
2347 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR | (unsafe ? BDRV_O_NO_BACKING : 0);
2348 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_flags(cache, &flags);
2349 if (ret < 0) {
2350 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
2351 return -1;
2352 }
2353
2354 /*
2355 * Open the images.
2356 *
2357 * Ignore the old backing file for unsafe rebase in case we want to correct
2358 * the reference to a renamed or moved backing file.
2359 */
2360 bs = bdrv_new_open("image", filename, fmt, flags, true, quiet);
2361 if (!bs) {
2362 return 1;
2363 }
2364
2365 /* Find the right drivers for the backing files */
2366 old_backing_drv = NULL;
2367 new_backing_drv = NULL;
2368
2369 if (!unsafe && bs->backing_format[0] != '\0') {
2370 old_backing_drv = bdrv_find_format(bs->backing_format);
2371 if (old_backing_drv == NULL) {
2372 error_report("Invalid format name: '%s'", bs->backing_format);
2373 ret = -1;
2374 goto out;
2375 }
2376 }
2377
2378 if (out_basefmt != NULL) {
2379 new_backing_drv = bdrv_find_format(out_basefmt);
2380 if (new_backing_drv == NULL) {
2381 error_report("Invalid format name: '%s'", out_basefmt);
2382 ret = -1;
2383 goto out;
2384 }
2385 }
2386
2387 /* For safe rebasing we need to compare old and new backing file */
2388 if (unsafe) {
2389 /* Make the compiler happy */
2390 bs_old_backing = NULL;
2391 bs_new_backing = NULL;
2392 } else {
2393 char backing_name[1024];
2394
2395 bs_old_backing = bdrv_new("old_backing", &error_abort);
2396 bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs, backing_name, sizeof(backing_name));
2397 ret = bdrv_open(&bs_old_backing, backing_name, NULL, NULL, BDRV_O_FLAGS,
2398 old_backing_drv, &local_err);
2399 if (ret) {
2400 error_report("Could not open old backing file '%s': %s",
2401 backing_name, error_get_pretty(local_err));
2402 error_free(local_err);
2403 goto out;
2404 }
2405 if (out_baseimg[0]) {
2406 bs_new_backing = bdrv_new("new_backing", &error_abort);
2407 ret = bdrv_open(&bs_new_backing, out_baseimg, NULL, NULL,
2408 BDRV_O_FLAGS, new_backing_drv, &local_err);
2409 if (ret) {
2410 error_report("Could not open new backing file '%s': %s",
2411 out_baseimg, error_get_pretty(local_err));
2412 error_free(local_err);
2413 goto out;
2414 }
2415 }
2416 }
2417
2418 /*
2419 * Check each unallocated cluster in the COW file. If it is unallocated,
2420 * accesses go to the backing file. We must therefore compare this cluster
2421 * in the old and new backing file, and if they differ we need to copy it
2422 * from the old backing file into the COW file.
2423 *
2424 * If qemu-img crashes during this step, no harm is done. The content of
2425 * the image is the same as the original one at any time.
2426 */
2427 if (!unsafe) {
2428 uint64_t num_sectors;
2429 uint64_t old_backing_num_sectors;
2430 uint64_t new_backing_num_sectors = 0;
2431 uint64_t sector;
2432 int n;
2433 uint8_t * buf_old;
2434 uint8_t * buf_new;
2435 float local_progress = 0;
2436
2437 buf_old = qemu_blockalign(bs, IO_BUF_SIZE);
2438 buf_new = qemu_blockalign(bs, IO_BUF_SIZE);
2439
2440 bdrv_get_geometry(bs, &num_sectors);
2441 bdrv_get_geometry(bs_old_backing, &old_backing_num_sectors);
2442 if (bs_new_backing) {
2443 bdrv_get_geometry(bs_new_backing, &new_backing_num_sectors);
2444 }
2445
2446 if (num_sectors != 0) {
2447 local_progress = (float)100 /
2448 (num_sectors / MIN(num_sectors, IO_BUF_SIZE / 512));
2449 }
2450
2451 for (sector = 0; sector < num_sectors; sector += n) {
2452
2453 /* How many sectors can we handle with the next read? */
2454 if (sector + (IO_BUF_SIZE / 512) <= num_sectors) {
2455 n = (IO_BUF_SIZE / 512);
2456 } else {
2457 n = num_sectors - sector;
2458 }
2459
2460 /* If the cluster is allocated, we don't need to take action */
2461 ret = bdrv_is_allocated(bs, sector, n, &n);
2462 if (ret < 0) {
2463 error_report("error while reading image metadata: %s",
2464 strerror(-ret));
2465 goto out;
2466 }
2467 if (ret) {
2468 continue;
2469 }
2470
2471 /*
2472 * Read old and new backing file and take into consideration that
2473 * backing files may be smaller than the COW image.
2474 */
2475 if (sector >= old_backing_num_sectors) {
2476 memset(buf_old, 0, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
2477 } else {
2478 if (sector + n > old_backing_num_sectors) {
2479 n = old_backing_num_sectors - sector;
2480 }
2481
2482 ret = bdrv_read(bs_old_backing, sector, buf_old, n);
2483 if (ret < 0) {
2484 error_report("error while reading from old backing file");
2485 goto out;
2486 }
2487 }
2488
2489 if (sector >= new_backing_num_sectors || !bs_new_backing) {
2490 memset(buf_new, 0, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
2491 } else {
2492 if (sector + n > new_backing_num_sectors) {
2493 n = new_backing_num_sectors - sector;
2494 }
2495
2496 ret = bdrv_read(bs_new_backing, sector, buf_new, n);
2497 if (ret < 0) {
2498 error_report("error while reading from new backing file");
2499 goto out;
2500 }
2501 }
2502
2503 /* If they differ, we need to write to the COW file */
2504 uint64_t written = 0;
2505
2506 while (written < n) {
2507 int pnum;
2508
2509 if (compare_sectors(buf_old + written * 512,
2510 buf_new + written * 512, n - written, &pnum))
2511 {
2512 ret = bdrv_write(bs, sector + written,
2513 buf_old + written * 512, pnum);
2514 if (ret < 0) {
2515 error_report("Error while writing to COW image: %s",
2516 strerror(-ret));
2517 goto out;
2518 }
2519 }
2520
2521 written += pnum;
2522 }
2523 qemu_progress_print(local_progress, 100);
2524 }
2525
2526 qemu_vfree(buf_old);
2527 qemu_vfree(buf_new);
2528 }
2529
2530 /*
2531 * Change the backing file. All clusters that are different from the old
2532 * backing file are overwritten in the COW file now, so the visible content
2533 * doesn't change when we switch the backing file.
2534 */
2535 if (out_baseimg && *out_baseimg) {
2536 ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, out_baseimg, out_basefmt);
2537 } else {
2538 ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, NULL, NULL);
2539 }
2540
2541 if (ret == -ENOSPC) {
2542 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': No "
2543 "space left in the file header", out_baseimg);
2544 } else if (ret < 0) {
2545 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': %s",
2546 out_baseimg, strerror(-ret));
2547 }
2548
2549 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
2550 /*
2551 * TODO At this point it is possible to check if any clusters that are
2552 * allocated in the COW file are the same in the backing file. If so, they
2553 * could be dropped from the COW file. Don't do this before switching the
2554 * backing file, in case of a crash this would lead to corruption.
2555 */
2556 out:
2557 qemu_progress_end();
2558 /* Cleanup */
2559 if (!unsafe) {
2560 if (bs_old_backing != NULL) {
2561 bdrv_unref(bs_old_backing);
2562 }
2563 if (bs_new_backing != NULL) {
2564 bdrv_unref(bs_new_backing);
2565 }
2566 }
2567
2568 bdrv_unref(bs);
2569 if (ret) {
2570 return 1;
2571 }
2572 return 0;
2573 }
2574
2575 static int img_resize(int argc, char **argv)
2576 {
2577 int c, ret, relative;
2578 const char *filename, *fmt, *size;
2579 int64_t n, total_size;
2580 bool quiet = false;
2581 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL;
2582 QemuOpts *param;
2583 static QemuOptsList resize_options = {
2584 .name = "resize_options",
2585 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(resize_options.head),
2586 .desc = {
2587 {
2588 .name = BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
2589 .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
2590 .help = "Virtual disk size"
2591 }, {
2592 /* end of list */
2593 }
2594 },
2595 };
2596
2597 /* Remove size from argv manually so that negative numbers are not treated
2598 * as options by getopt. */
2599 if (argc < 3) {
2600 error_exit("Not enough arguments");
2601 return 1;
2602 }
2603
2604 size = argv[--argc];
2605
2606 /* Parse getopt arguments */
2607 fmt = NULL;
2608 for(;;) {
2609 c = getopt(argc, argv, "f:hq");
2610 if (c == -1) {
2611 break;
2612 }
2613 switch(c) {
2614 case '?':
2615 case 'h':
2616 help();
2617 break;
2618 case 'f':
2619 fmt = optarg;
2620 break;
2621 case 'q':
2622 quiet = true;
2623 break;
2624 }
2625 }
2626 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2627 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2628 }
2629 filename = argv[optind++];
2630
2631 /* Choose grow, shrink, or absolute resize mode */
2632 switch (size[0]) {
2633 case '+':
2634 relative = 1;
2635 size++;
2636 break;
2637 case '-':
2638 relative = -1;
2639 size++;
2640 break;
2641 default:
2642 relative = 0;
2643 break;
2644 }
2645
2646 /* Parse size */
2647 param = qemu_opts_create(&resize_options, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
2648 if (qemu_opt_set(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, size)) {
2649 /* Error message already printed when size parsing fails */
2650 ret = -1;
2651 qemu_opts_del(param);
2652 goto out;
2653 }
2654 n = qemu_opt_get_size(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, 0);
2655 qemu_opts_del(param);
2656
2657 bs = bdrv_new_open("image", filename, fmt, BDRV_O_FLAGS | BDRV_O_RDWR,
2658 true, quiet);
2659 if (!bs) {
2660 ret = -1;
2661 goto out;
2662 }
2663
2664 if (relative) {
2665 total_size = bdrv_getlength(bs) + n * relative;
2666 } else {
2667 total_size = n;
2668 }
2669 if (total_size <= 0) {
2670 error_report("New image size must be positive");
2671 ret = -1;
2672 goto out;
2673 }
2674
2675 ret = bdrv_truncate(bs, total_size);
2676 switch (ret) {
2677 case 0:
2678 qprintf(quiet, "Image resized.\n");
2679 break;
2680 case -ENOTSUP:
2681 error_report("This image does not support resize");
2682 break;
2683 case -EACCES:
2684 error_report("Image is read-only");
2685 break;
2686 default:
2687 error_report("Error resizing image (%d)", -ret);
2688 break;
2689 }
2690 out:
2691 if (bs) {
2692 bdrv_unref(bs);
2693 }
2694 if (ret) {
2695 return 1;
2696 }
2697 return 0;
2698 }
2699
2700 static int img_amend(int argc, char **argv)
2701 {
2702 int c, ret = 0;
2703 char *options = NULL;
2704 QEMUOptionParameter *create_options = NULL, *options_param = NULL;
2705 const char *fmt = NULL, *filename;
2706 bool quiet = false;
2707 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL;
2708
2709 for (;;) {
2710 c = getopt(argc, argv, "hqf:o:");
2711 if (c == -1) {
2712 break;
2713 }
2714
2715 switch (c) {
2716 case 'h':
2717 case '?':
2718 help();
2719 break;
2720 case 'o':
2721 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
2722 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
2723 ret = -1;
2724 goto out;
2725 }
2726 if (!options) {
2727 options = g_strdup(optarg);
2728 } else {
2729 char *old_options = options;
2730 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
2731 g_free(old_options);
2732 }
2733 break;
2734 case 'f':
2735 fmt = optarg;
2736 break;
2737 case 'q':
2738 quiet = true;
2739 break;
2740 }
2741 }
2742
2743 if (!options) {
2744 error_exit("Must specify options (-o)");
2745 }
2746
2747 filename = (optind == argc - 1) ? argv[argc - 1] : NULL;
2748 if (fmt && has_help_option(options)) {
2749 /* If a format is explicitly specified (and possibly no filename is
2750 * given), print option help here */
2751 ret = print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
2752 goto out;
2753 }
2754
2755 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2756 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2757 }
2758
2759 bs = bdrv_new_open("image", filename, fmt,
2760 BDRV_O_FLAGS | BDRV_O_RDWR, true, quiet);
2761 if (!bs) {
2762 error_report("Could not open image '%s'", filename);
2763 ret = -1;
2764 goto out;
2765 }
2766
2767 fmt = bs->drv->format_name;
2768
2769 if (has_help_option(options)) {
2770 /* If the format was auto-detected, print option help here */
2771 ret = print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
2772 goto out;
2773 }
2774
2775 create_options = append_option_parameters(create_options,
2776 bs->drv->create_options);
2777 options_param = parse_option_parameters(options, create_options,
2778 options_param);
2779 if (options_param == NULL) {
2780 error_report("Invalid options for file format '%s'", fmt);
2781 ret = -1;
2782 goto out;
2783 }
2784
2785 ret = bdrv_amend_options(bs, options_param);
2786 if (ret < 0) {
2787 error_report("Error while amending options: %s", strerror(-ret));
2788 goto out;
2789 }
2790
2791 out:
2792 if (bs) {
2793 bdrv_unref(bs);
2794 }
2795 free_option_parameters(create_options);
2796 free_option_parameters(options_param);
2797 g_free(options);
2798
2799 if (ret) {
2800 return 1;
2801 }
2802 return 0;
2803 }
2804
2805 static const img_cmd_t img_cmds[] = {
2806 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
2807 { option, callback },
2808 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
2809 #undef DEF
2810 #undef GEN_DOCS
2811 { NULL, NULL, },
2812 };
2813
2814 int main(int argc, char **argv)
2815 {
2816 const img_cmd_t *cmd;
2817 const char *cmdname;
2818 int c;
2819 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2820 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2821 {"version", no_argument, 0, 'v'},
2822 {0, 0, 0, 0}
2823 };
2824
2825 #ifdef CONFIG_POSIX
2826 signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
2827 #endif
2828
2829 error_set_progname(argv[0]);
2830 qemu_init_exec_dir(argv[0]);
2831
2832 qemu_init_main_loop();
2833 bdrv_init();
2834 if (argc < 2) {
2835 error_exit("Not enough arguments");
2836 }
2837 cmdname = argv[1];
2838
2839 /* find the command */
2840 for (cmd = img_cmds; cmd->name != NULL; cmd++) {
2841 if (!strcmp(cmdname, cmd->name)) {
2842 return cmd->handler(argc - 1, argv + 1);
2843 }
2844 }
2845
2846 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "h", long_options, NULL);
2847
2848 if (c == 'h') {
2849 help();
2850 }
2851 if (c == 'v') {
2852 printf(QEMU_IMG_VERSION);
2853 return 0;
2854 }
2855
2856 /* not found */
2857 error_exit("Command not found: %s", cmdname);
2858 }
QEmu