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vga-pci: add qext region to mmio
[qemu.git] / qemu-img.c
blob27b85dbda4365a90e5261a4d8a75eb7b46a9d386
1 /*
2 * QEMU disk image utility
3 *
4 * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
5 *
6 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
12 *
13 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
15 *
16 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
22 * THE SOFTWARE.
23 */
24 #include "qapi-visit.h"
25 #include "qapi/qmp-output-visitor.h"
26 #include "qapi/qmp/qjson.h"
27 #include "qemu-common.h"
28 #include "qemu/option.h"
29 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
30 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
31 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
32 #include "block/block_int.h"
33 #include "block/qapi.h"
34 #include <getopt.h>
35
36 #define QEMU_IMG_VERSION "qemu-img version " QEMU_VERSION \
37 ", Copyright (c) 2004-2008 Fabrice Bellard\n"
38
39 typedef struct img_cmd_t {
40 const char *name;
41 int (*handler)(int argc, char **argv);
42 } img_cmd_t;
43
44 enum {
45 OPTION_OUTPUT = 256,
46 OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN = 257,
47 };
48
49 typedef enum OutputFormat {
50 OFORMAT_JSON,
51 OFORMAT_HUMAN,
52 } OutputFormat;
53
54 /* Default to cache=writeback as data integrity is not important for qemu-tcg. */
55 #define BDRV_O_FLAGS BDRV_O_CACHE_WB
56 #define BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE "writeback"
57
58 static void format_print(void *opaque, const char *name)
59 {
60 printf(" %s", name);
61 }
62
63 static void QEMU_NORETURN GCC_FMT_ATTR(1, 2) error_exit(const char *fmt, ...)
64 {
65 va_list ap;
66
67 error_printf("qemu-img: ");
68
69 va_start(ap, fmt);
70 error_vprintf(fmt, ap);
71 va_end(ap);
72
73 error_printf("\nTry 'qemu-img --help' for more information\n");
74 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
75 }
76
77 /* Please keep in synch with qemu-img.texi */
78 static void QEMU_NORETURN help(void)
79 {
80 const char *help_msg =
81 QEMU_IMG_VERSION
82 "usage: qemu-img command [command options]\n"
83 "QEMU disk image utility\n"
84 "\n"
85 "Command syntax:\n"
86 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
87 " " arg_string "\n"
88 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
89 #undef DEF
90 #undef GEN_DOCS
91 "\n"
92 "Command parameters:\n"
93 " 'filename' is a disk image filename\n"
94 " 'fmt' is the disk image format. It is guessed automatically in most cases\n"
95 " 'cache' is the cache mode used to write the output disk image, the valid\n"
96 " options are: 'none', 'writeback' (default, except for convert), 'writethrough',\n"
97 " 'directsync' and 'unsafe' (default for convert)\n"
98 " 'src_cache' is the cache mode used to read input disk images, the valid\n"
99 " options are the same as for the 'cache' option\n"
100 " 'size' is the disk image size in bytes. Optional suffixes\n"
101 " 'k' or 'K' (kilobyte, 1024), 'M' (megabyte, 1024k), 'G' (gigabyte, 1024M),\n"
102 " 'T' (terabyte, 1024G), 'P' (petabyte, 1024T) and 'E' (exabyte, 1024P) are\n"
103 " supported. 'b' is ignored.\n"
104 " 'output_filename' is the destination disk image filename\n"
105 " 'output_fmt' is the destination format\n"
106 " 'options' is a comma separated list of format specific options in a\n"
107 " name=value format. Use -o ? for an overview of the options supported by the\n"
108 " used format\n"
109 " 'snapshot_param' is param used for internal snapshot, format\n"
110 " is 'snapshot.id=[ID],snapshot.name=[NAME]', or\n"
111 " '[ID_OR_NAME]'\n"
112 " 'snapshot_id_or_name' is deprecated, use 'snapshot_param'\n"
113 " instead\n"
114 " '-c' indicates that target image must be compressed (qcow format only)\n"
115 " '-u' enables unsafe rebasing. It is assumed that old and new backing file\n"
116 " match exactly. The image doesn't need a working backing file before\n"
117 " rebasing in this case (useful for renaming the backing file)\n"
118 " '-h' with or without a command shows this help and lists the supported formats\n"
119 " '-p' show progress of command (only certain commands)\n"
120 " '-q' use Quiet mode - do not print any output (except errors)\n"
121 " '-S' indicates the consecutive number of bytes (defaults to 4k) that must\n"
122 " contain only zeros for qemu-img to create a sparse image during\n"
123 " conversion. If the number of bytes is 0, the source will not be scanned for\n"
124 " unallocated or zero sectors, and the destination image will always be\n"
125 " fully allocated\n"
126 " '--output' takes the format in which the output must be done (human or json)\n"
127 " '-n' skips the target volume creation (useful if the volume is created\n"
128 " prior to running qemu-img)\n"
129 "\n"
130 "Parameters to check subcommand:\n"
131 " '-r' tries to repair any inconsistencies that are found during the check.\n"
132 " '-r leaks' repairs only cluster leaks, whereas '-r all' fixes all\n"
133 " kinds of errors, with a higher risk of choosing the wrong fix or\n"
134 " hiding corruption that has already occurred.\n"
135 "\n"
136 "Parameters to snapshot subcommand:\n"
137 " 'snapshot' is the name of the snapshot to create, apply or delete\n"
138 " '-a' applies a snapshot (revert disk to saved state)\n"
139 " '-c' creates a snapshot\n"
140 " '-d' deletes a snapshot\n"
141 " '-l' lists all snapshots in the given image\n"
142 "\n"
143 "Parameters to compare subcommand:\n"
144 " '-f' first image format\n"
145 " '-F' second image format\n"
146 " '-s' run in Strict mode - fail on different image size or sector allocation\n";
147
148 printf("%s\nSupported formats:", help_msg);
149 bdrv_iterate_format(format_print, NULL);
150 printf("\n");
151 exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
152 }
153
154 static int GCC_FMT_ATTR(2, 3) qprintf(bool quiet, const char *fmt, ...)
155 {
156 int ret = 0;
157 if (!quiet) {
158 va_list args;
159 va_start(args, fmt);
160 ret = vprintf(fmt, args);
161 va_end(args);
162 }
163 return ret;
164 }
165
166 #if defined(WIN32)
167 /* XXX: put correct support for win32 */
168 static int read_password(char *buf, int buf_size)
169 {
170 int c, i;
171
172 printf("Password: ");
173 fflush(stdout);
174 i = 0;
175 for(;;) {
176 c = getchar();
177 if (c < 0) {
178 buf[i] = '\0';
179 return -1;
180 } else if (c == '\n') {
181 break;
182 } else if (i < (buf_size - 1)) {
183 buf[i++] = c;
184 }
185 }
186 buf[i] = '\0';
187 return 0;
188 }
189
190 #else
191
192 #include <termios.h>
193
194 static struct termios oldtty;
195
196 static void term_exit(void)
197 {
198 tcsetattr (0, TCSANOW, &oldtty);
199 }
200
201 static void term_init(void)
202 {
203 struct termios tty;
204
205 tcgetattr (0, &tty);
206 oldtty = tty;
207
208 tty.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK|BRKINT|PARMRK|ISTRIP
209 |INLCR|IGNCR|ICRNL|IXON);
210 tty.c_oflag |= OPOST;
211 tty.c_lflag &= ~(ECHO|ECHONL|ICANON|IEXTEN);
212 tty.c_cflag &= ~(CSIZE|PARENB);
213 tty.c_cflag |= CS8;
214 tty.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
215 tty.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
216
217 tcsetattr (0, TCSANOW, &tty);
218
219 atexit(term_exit);
220 }
221
222 static int read_password(char *buf, int buf_size)
223 {
224 uint8_t ch;
225 int i, ret;
226
227 printf("password: ");
228 fflush(stdout);
229 term_init();
230 i = 0;
231 for(;;) {
232 ret = read(0, &ch, 1);
233 if (ret == -1) {
234 if (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EINTR) {
235 continue;
236 } else {
237 break;
238 }
239 } else if (ret == 0) {
240 ret = -1;
241 break;
242 } else {
243 if (ch == '\r') {
244 ret = 0;
245 break;
246 }
247 if (i < (buf_size - 1))
248 buf[i++] = ch;
249 }
250 }
251 term_exit();
252 buf[i] = '\0';
253 printf("\n");
254 return ret;
255 }
256 #endif
257
258 static int print_block_option_help(const char *filename, const char *fmt)
259 {
260 BlockDriver *drv, *proto_drv;
261 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
262
263 /* Find driver and parse its options */
264 drv = bdrv_find_format(fmt);
265 if (!drv) {
266 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt);
267 return 1;
268 }
269
270 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
271 if (filename) {
272 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(filename, true);
273 if (!proto_drv) {
274 error_report("Unknown protocol '%s'", filename);
275 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
276 return 1;
277 }
278 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
279 }
280
281 qemu_opts_print_help(create_opts);
282 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
283 return 0;
284 }
285
286 static BlockDriverState *bdrv_new_open(const char *id,
287 const char *filename,
288 const char *fmt,
289 int flags,
290 bool require_io,
291 bool quiet)
292 {
293 BlockDriverState *bs;
294 BlockDriver *drv;
295 char password[256];
296 Error *local_err = NULL;
297 int ret;
298
299 bs = bdrv_new(id, &error_abort);
300
301 if (fmt) {
302 drv = bdrv_find_format(fmt);
303 if (!drv) {
304 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt);
305 goto fail;
306 }
307 } else {
308 drv = NULL;
309 }
310
311 ret = bdrv_open(&bs, filename, NULL, NULL, flags, drv, &local_err);
312 if (ret < 0) {
313 error_report("Could not open '%s': %s", filename,
314 error_get_pretty(local_err));
315 error_free(local_err);
316 goto fail;
317 }
318
319 if (bdrv_is_encrypted(bs) && require_io) {
320 qprintf(quiet, "Disk image '%s' is encrypted.\n", filename);
321 if (read_password(password, sizeof(password)) < 0) {
322 error_report("No password given");
323 goto fail;
324 }
325 if (bdrv_set_key(bs, password) < 0) {
326 error_report("invalid password");
327 goto fail;
328 }
329 }
330 return bs;
331 fail:
332 bdrv_unref(bs);
333 return NULL;
334 }
335
336 static int add_old_style_options(const char *fmt, QemuOpts *opts,
337 const char *base_filename,
338 const char *base_fmt)
339 {
340 if (base_filename) {
341 if (qemu_opt_set(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE, base_filename)) {
342 error_report("Backing file not supported for file format '%s'",
343 fmt);
344 return -1;
345 }
346 }
347 if (base_fmt) {
348 if (qemu_opt_set(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FMT, base_fmt)) {
349 error_report("Backing file format not supported for file "
350 "format '%s'", fmt);
351 return -1;
352 }
353 }
354 return 0;
355 }
356
357 static int img_create(int argc, char **argv)
358 {
359 int c;
360 uint64_t img_size = -1;
361 const char *fmt = "raw";
362 const char *base_fmt = NULL;
363 const char *filename;
364 const char *base_filename = NULL;
365 char *options = NULL;
366 Error *local_err = NULL;
367 bool quiet = false;
368
369 for(;;) {
370 c = getopt(argc, argv, "F:b:f:he6o:q");
371 if (c == -1) {
372 break;
373 }
374 switch(c) {
375 case '?':
376 case 'h':
377 help();
378 break;
379 case 'F':
380 base_fmt = optarg;
381 break;
382 case 'b':
383 base_filename = optarg;
384 break;
385 case 'f':
386 fmt = optarg;
387 break;
388 case 'e':
389 error_report("option -e is deprecated, please use \'-o "
390 "encryption\' instead!");
391 goto fail;
392 case '6':
393 error_report("option -6 is deprecated, please use \'-o "
394 "compat6\' instead!");
395 goto fail;
396 case 'o':
397 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
398 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
399 goto fail;
400 }
401 if (!options) {
402 options = g_strdup(optarg);
403 } else {
404 char *old_options = options;
405 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
406 g_free(old_options);
407 }
408 break;
409 case 'q':
410 quiet = true;
411 break;
412 }
413 }
414
415 /* Get the filename */
416 filename = (optind < argc) ? argv[optind] : NULL;
417 if (options && has_help_option(options)) {
418 g_free(options);
419 return print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
420 }
421
422 if (optind >= argc) {
423 error_exit("Expecting image file name");
424 }
425 optind++;
426
427 /* Get image size, if specified */
428 if (optind < argc) {
429 int64_t sval;
430 char *end;
431 sval = strtosz_suffix(argv[optind++], &end, STRTOSZ_DEFSUFFIX_B);
432 if (sval < 0 || *end) {
433 if (sval == -ERANGE) {
434 error_report("Image size must be less than 8 EiB!");
435 } else {
436 error_report("Invalid image size specified! You may use k, M, "
437 "G, T, P or E suffixes for ");
438 error_report("kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, "
439 "petabytes and exabytes.");
440 }
441 goto fail;
442 }
443 img_size = (uint64_t)sval;
444 }
445 if (optind != argc) {
446 error_exit("Unexpected argument: %s", argv[optind]);
447 }
448
449 bdrv_img_create(filename, fmt, base_filename, base_fmt,
450 options, img_size, BDRV_O_FLAGS, &local_err, quiet);
451 if (local_err) {
452 error_report("%s: %s", filename, error_get_pretty(local_err));
453 error_free(local_err);
454 goto fail;
455 }
456
457 g_free(options);
458 return 0;
459
460 fail:
461 g_free(options);
462 return 1;
463 }
464
465 static void dump_json_image_check(ImageCheck *check, bool quiet)
466 {
467 Error *local_err = NULL;
468 QString *str;
469 QmpOutputVisitor *ov = qmp_output_visitor_new();
470 QObject *obj;
471 visit_type_ImageCheck(qmp_output_get_visitor(ov),
472 &check, NULL, &local_err);
473 obj = qmp_output_get_qobject(ov);
474 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
475 assert(str != NULL);
476 qprintf(quiet, "%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
477 qobject_decref(obj);
478 qmp_output_visitor_cleanup(ov);
479 QDECREF(str);
480 }
481
482 static void dump_human_image_check(ImageCheck *check, bool quiet)
483 {
484 if (!(check->corruptions || check->leaks || check->check_errors)) {
485 qprintf(quiet, "No errors were found on the image.\n");
486 } else {
487 if (check->corruptions) {
488 qprintf(quiet, "\n%" PRId64 " errors were found on the image.\n"
489 "Data may be corrupted, or further writes to the image "
490 "may corrupt it.\n",
491 check->corruptions);
492 }
493
494 if (check->leaks) {
495 qprintf(quiet,
496 "\n%" PRId64 " leaked clusters were found on the image.\n"
497 "This means waste of disk space, but no harm to data.\n",
498 check->leaks);
499 }
500
501 if (check->check_errors) {
502 qprintf(quiet,
503 "\n%" PRId64
504 " internal errors have occurred during the check.\n",
505 check->check_errors);
506 }
507 }
508
509 if (check->total_clusters != 0 && check->allocated_clusters != 0) {
510 qprintf(quiet, "%" PRId64 "/%" PRId64 " = %0.2f%% allocated, "
511 "%0.2f%% fragmented, %0.2f%% compressed clusters\n",
512 check->allocated_clusters, check->total_clusters,
513 check->allocated_clusters * 100.0 / check->total_clusters,
514 check->fragmented_clusters * 100.0 / check->allocated_clusters,
515 check->compressed_clusters * 100.0 /
516 check->allocated_clusters);
517 }
518
519 if (check->image_end_offset) {
520 qprintf(quiet,
521 "Image end offset: %" PRId64 "\n", check->image_end_offset);
522 }
523 }
524
525 static int collect_image_check(BlockDriverState *bs,
526 ImageCheck *check,
527 const char *filename,
528 const char *fmt,
529 int fix)
530 {
531 int ret;
532 BdrvCheckResult result;
533
534 ret = bdrv_check(bs, &result, fix);
535 if (ret < 0) {
536 return ret;
537 }
538
539 check->filename = g_strdup(filename);
540 check->format = g_strdup(bdrv_get_format_name(bs));
541 check->check_errors = result.check_errors;
542 check->corruptions = result.corruptions;
543 check->has_corruptions = result.corruptions != 0;
544 check->leaks = result.leaks;
545 check->has_leaks = result.leaks != 0;
546 check->corruptions_fixed = result.corruptions_fixed;
547 check->has_corruptions_fixed = result.corruptions != 0;
548 check->leaks_fixed = result.leaks_fixed;
549 check->has_leaks_fixed = result.leaks != 0;
550 check->image_end_offset = result.image_end_offset;
551 check->has_image_end_offset = result.image_end_offset != 0;
552 check->total_clusters = result.bfi.total_clusters;
553 check->has_total_clusters = result.bfi.total_clusters != 0;
554 check->allocated_clusters = result.bfi.allocated_clusters;
555 check->has_allocated_clusters = result.bfi.allocated_clusters != 0;
556 check->fragmented_clusters = result.bfi.fragmented_clusters;
557 check->has_fragmented_clusters = result.bfi.fragmented_clusters != 0;
558 check->compressed_clusters = result.bfi.compressed_clusters;
559 check->has_compressed_clusters = result.bfi.compressed_clusters != 0;
560
561 return 0;
562 }
563
564 /*
565 * Checks an image for consistency. Exit codes:
566 *
567 * 0 - Check completed, image is good
568 * 1 - Check not completed because of internal errors
569 * 2 - Check completed, image is corrupted
570 * 3 - Check completed, image has leaked clusters, but is good otherwise
571 * 63 - Checks are not supported by the image format
572 */
573 static int img_check(int argc, char **argv)
574 {
575 int c, ret;
576 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
577 const char *filename, *fmt, *output, *cache;
578 BlockDriverState *bs;
579 int fix = 0;
580 int flags = BDRV_O_FLAGS | BDRV_O_CHECK;
581 ImageCheck *check;
582 bool quiet = false;
583
584 fmt = NULL;
585 output = NULL;
586 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
587 for(;;) {
588 int option_index = 0;
589 static const struct option long_options[] = {
590 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
591 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
592 {"repair", required_argument, 0, 'r'},
593 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
594 {0, 0, 0, 0}
595 };
596 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hf:r:T:q",
597 long_options, &option_index);
598 if (c == -1) {
599 break;
600 }
601 switch(c) {
602 case '?':
603 case 'h':
604 help();
605 break;
606 case 'f':
607 fmt = optarg;
608 break;
609 case 'r':
610 flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
611
612 if (!strcmp(optarg, "leaks")) {
613 fix = BDRV_FIX_LEAKS;
614 } else if (!strcmp(optarg, "all")) {
615 fix = BDRV_FIX_LEAKS | BDRV_FIX_ERRORS;
616 } else {
617 error_exit("Unknown option value for -r "
618 "(expecting 'leaks' or 'all'): %s", optarg);
619 }
620 break;
621 case OPTION_OUTPUT:
622 output = optarg;
623 break;
624 case 'T':
625 cache = optarg;
626 break;
627 case 'q':
628 quiet = true;
629 break;
630 }
631 }
632 if (optind != argc - 1) {
633 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
634 }
635 filename = argv[optind++];
636
637 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
638 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
639 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
640 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
641 } else if (output) {
642 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
643 return 1;
644 }
645
646 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_flags(cache, &flags);
647 if (ret < 0) {
648 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", cache);
649 return 1;
650 }
651
652 bs = bdrv_new_open("image", filename, fmt, flags, true, quiet);
653 if (!bs) {
654 return 1;
655 }
656
657 check = g_new0(ImageCheck, 1);
658 ret = collect_image_check(bs, check, filename, fmt, fix);
659
660 if (ret == -ENOTSUP) {
661 error_report("This image format does not support checks");
662 ret = 63;
663 goto fail;
664 }
665
666 if (check->corruptions_fixed || check->leaks_fixed) {
667 int corruptions_fixed, leaks_fixed;
668
669 leaks_fixed = check->leaks_fixed;
670 corruptions_fixed = check->corruptions_fixed;
671
672 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
673 qprintf(quiet,
674 "The following inconsistencies were found and repaired:\n\n"
675 " %" PRId64 " leaked clusters\n"
676 " %" PRId64 " corruptions\n\n"
677 "Double checking the fixed image now...\n",
678 check->leaks_fixed,
679 check->corruptions_fixed);
680 }
681
682 ret = collect_image_check(bs, check, filename, fmt, 0);
683
684 check->leaks_fixed = leaks_fixed;
685 check->corruptions_fixed = corruptions_fixed;
686 }
687
688 switch (output_format) {
689 case OFORMAT_HUMAN:
690 dump_human_image_check(check, quiet);
691 break;
692 case OFORMAT_JSON:
693 dump_json_image_check(check, quiet);
694 break;
695 }
696
697 if (ret || check->check_errors) {
698 ret = 1;
699 goto fail;
700 }
701
702 if (check->corruptions) {
703 ret = 2;
704 } else if (check->leaks) {
705 ret = 3;
706 } else {
707 ret = 0;
708 }
709
710 fail:
711 qapi_free_ImageCheck(check);
712 bdrv_unref(bs);
713
714 return ret;
715 }
716
717 static int img_commit(int argc, char **argv)
718 {
719 int c, ret, flags;
720 const char *filename, *fmt, *cache;
721 BlockDriverState *bs;
722 bool quiet = false;
723
724 fmt = NULL;
725 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
726 for(;;) {
727 c = getopt(argc, argv, "f:ht:q");
728 if (c == -1) {
729 break;
730 }
731 switch(c) {
732 case '?':
733 case 'h':
734 help();
735 break;
736 case 'f':
737 fmt = optarg;
738 break;
739 case 't':
740 cache = optarg;
741 break;
742 case 'q':
743 quiet = true;
744 break;
745 }
746 }
747 if (optind != argc - 1) {
748 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
749 }
750 filename = argv[optind++];
751
752 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR;
753 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_flags(cache, &flags);
754 if (ret < 0) {
755 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
756 return 1;
757 }
758
759 bs = bdrv_new_open("image", filename, fmt, flags, true, quiet);
760 if (!bs) {
761 return 1;
762 }
763 ret = bdrv_commit(bs);
764 switch(ret) {
765 case 0:
766 qprintf(quiet, "Image committed.\n");
767 break;
768 case -ENOENT:
769 error_report("No disk inserted");
770 break;
771 case -EACCES:
772 error_report("Image is read-only");
773 break;
774 case -ENOTSUP:
775 error_report("Image is already committed");
776 break;
777 default:
778 error_report("Error while committing image");
779 break;
780 }
781
782 bdrv_unref(bs);
783 if (ret) {
784 return 1;
785 }
786 return 0;
787 }
788
789 /*
790 * Returns true iff the first sector pointed to by 'buf' contains at least
791 * a non-NUL byte.
792 *
793 * 'pnum' is set to the number of sectors (including and immediately following
794 * the first one) that are known to be in the same allocated/unallocated state.
795 */
796 static int is_allocated_sectors(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum)
797 {
798 bool is_zero;
799 int i;
800
801 if (n <= 0) {
802 *pnum = 0;
803 return 0;
804 }
805 is_zero = buffer_is_zero(buf, 512);
806 for(i = 1; i < n; i++) {
807 buf += 512;
808 if (is_zero != buffer_is_zero(buf, 512)) {
809 break;
810 }
811 }
812 *pnum = i;
813 return !is_zero;
814 }
815
816 /*
817 * Like is_allocated_sectors, but if the buffer starts with a used sector,
818 * up to 'min' consecutive sectors containing zeros are ignored. This avoids
819 * breaking up write requests for only small sparse areas.
820 */
821 static int is_allocated_sectors_min(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum,
822 int min)
823 {
824 int ret;
825 int num_checked, num_used;
826
827 if (n < min) {
828 min = n;
829 }
830
831 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buf, n, pnum);
832 if (!ret) {
833 return ret;
834 }
835
836 num_used = *pnum;
837 buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * *pnum;
838 n -= *pnum;
839 num_checked = num_used;
840
841 while (n > 0) {
842 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buf, n, pnum);
843
844 buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * *pnum;
845 n -= *pnum;
846 num_checked += *pnum;
847 if (ret) {
848 num_used = num_checked;
849 } else if (*pnum >= min) {
850 break;
851 }
852 }
853
854 *pnum = num_used;
855 return 1;
856 }
857
858 /*
859 * Compares two buffers sector by sector. Returns 0 if the first sector of both
860 * buffers matches, non-zero otherwise.
861 *
862 * pnum is set to the number of sectors (including and immediately following
863 * the first one) that are known to have the same comparison result
864 */
865 static int compare_sectors(const uint8_t *buf1, const uint8_t *buf2, int n,
866 int *pnum)
867 {
868 int res, i;
869
870 if (n <= 0) {
871 *pnum = 0;
872 return 0;
873 }
874
875 res = !!memcmp(buf1, buf2, 512);
876 for(i = 1; i < n; i++) {
877 buf1 += 512;
878 buf2 += 512;
879
880 if (!!memcmp(buf1, buf2, 512) != res) {
881 break;
882 }
883 }
884
885 *pnum = i;
886 return res;
887 }
888
889 #define IO_BUF_SIZE (2 * 1024 * 1024)
890
891 static int64_t sectors_to_bytes(int64_t sectors)
892 {
893 return sectors << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
894 }
895
896 static int64_t sectors_to_process(int64_t total, int64_t from)
897 {
898 return MIN(total - from, IO_BUF_SIZE >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
899 }
900
901 /*
902 * Check if passed sectors are empty (not allocated or contain only 0 bytes)
903 *
904 * Returns 0 in case sectors are filled with 0, 1 if sectors contain non-zero
905 * data and negative value on error.
906 *
907 * @param bs: Driver used for accessing file
908 * @param sect_num: Number of first sector to check
909 * @param sect_count: Number of sectors to check
910 * @param filename: Name of disk file we are checking (logging purpose)
911 * @param buffer: Allocated buffer for storing read data
912 * @param quiet: Flag for quiet mode
913 */
914 static int check_empty_sectors(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sect_num,
915 int sect_count, const char *filename,
916 uint8_t *buffer, bool quiet)
917 {
918 int pnum, ret = 0;
919 ret = bdrv_read(bs, sect_num, buffer, sect_count);
920 if (ret < 0) {
921 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64 " of %s: %s",
922 sectors_to_bytes(sect_num), filename, strerror(-ret));
923 return ret;
924 }
925 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buffer, sect_count, &pnum);
926 if (ret || pnum != sect_count) {
927 qprintf(quiet, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64 "!\n",
928 sectors_to_bytes(ret ? sect_num : sect_num + pnum));
929 return 1;
930 }
931
932 return 0;
933 }
934
935 /*
936 * Compares two images. Exit codes:
937 *
938 * 0 - Images are identical
939 * 1 - Images differ
940 * >1 - Error occurred
941 */
942 static int img_compare(int argc, char **argv)
943 {
944 const char *fmt1 = NULL, *fmt2 = NULL, *cache, *filename1, *filename2;
945 BlockDriverState *bs1, *bs2;
946 int64_t total_sectors1, total_sectors2;
947 uint8_t *buf1 = NULL, *buf2 = NULL;
948 int pnum1, pnum2;
949 int allocated1, allocated2;
950 int ret = 0; /* return value - 0 Ident, 1 Different, >1 Error */
951 bool progress = false, quiet = false, strict = false;
952 int flags;
953 int64_t total_sectors;
954 int64_t sector_num = 0;
955 int64_t nb_sectors;
956 int c, pnum;
957 uint64_t progress_base;
958
959 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
960 for (;;) {
961 c = getopt(argc, argv, "hf:F:T:pqs");
962 if (c == -1) {
963 break;
964 }
965 switch (c) {
966 case '?':
967 case 'h':
968 help();
969 break;
970 case 'f':
971 fmt1 = optarg;
972 break;
973 case 'F':
974 fmt2 = optarg;
975 break;
976 case 'T':
977 cache = optarg;
978 break;
979 case 'p':
980 progress = true;
981 break;
982 case 'q':
983 quiet = true;
984 break;
985 case 's':
986 strict = true;
987 break;
988 }
989 }
990
991 /* Progress is not shown in Quiet mode */
992 if (quiet) {
993 progress = false;
994 }
995
996
997 if (optind != argc - 2) {
998 error_exit("Expecting two image file names");
999 }
1000 filename1 = argv[optind++];
1001 filename2 = argv[optind++];
1002
1003 /* Initialize before goto out */
1004 qemu_progress_init(progress, 2.0);
1005
1006 flags = BDRV_O_FLAGS;
1007 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_flags(cache, &flags);
1008 if (ret < 0) {
1009 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", cache);
1010 ret = 2;
1011 goto out3;
1012 }
1013
1014 bs1 = bdrv_new_open("image_1", filename1, fmt1, flags, true, quiet);
1015 if (!bs1) {
1016 error_report("Can't open file %s", filename1);
1017 ret = 2;
1018 goto out3;
1019 }
1020
1021 bs2 = bdrv_new_open("image_2", filename2, fmt2, flags, true, quiet);
1022 if (!bs2) {
1023 error_report("Can't open file %s", filename2);
1024 ret = 2;
1025 goto out2;
1026 }
1027
1028 buf1 = qemu_blockalign(bs1, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1029 buf2 = qemu_blockalign(bs2, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1030 total_sectors1 = bdrv_nb_sectors(bs1);
1031 if (total_sectors1 < 0) {
1032 error_report("Can't get size of %s: %s",
1033 filename1, strerror(-total_sectors1));
1034 ret = 4;
1035 goto out;
1036 }
1037 total_sectors2 = bdrv_nb_sectors(bs2);
1038 if (total_sectors2 < 0) {
1039 error_report("Can't get size of %s: %s",
1040 filename2, strerror(-total_sectors2));
1041 ret = 4;
1042 goto out;
1043 }
1044 total_sectors = MIN(total_sectors1, total_sectors2);
1045 progress_base = MAX(total_sectors1, total_sectors2);
1046
1047 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
1048
1049 if (strict && total_sectors1 != total_sectors2) {
1050 ret = 1;
1051 qprintf(quiet, "Strict mode: Image size mismatch!\n");
1052 goto out;
1053 }
1054
1055 for (;;) {
1056 nb_sectors = sectors_to_process(total_sectors, sector_num);
1057 if (nb_sectors <= 0) {
1058 break;
1059 }
1060 allocated1 = bdrv_is_allocated_above(bs1, NULL, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1061 &pnum1);
1062 if (allocated1 < 0) {
1063 ret = 3;
1064 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename1);
1065 goto out;
1066 }
1067
1068 allocated2 = bdrv_is_allocated_above(bs2, NULL, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1069 &pnum2);
1070 if (allocated2 < 0) {
1071 ret = 3;
1072 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename2);
1073 goto out;
1074 }
1075 nb_sectors = MIN(pnum1, pnum2);
1076
1077 if (allocated1 == allocated2) {
1078 if (allocated1) {
1079 ret = bdrv_read(bs1, sector_num, buf1, nb_sectors);
1080 if (ret < 0) {
1081 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64 " of %s:"
1082 " %s", sectors_to_bytes(sector_num), filename1,
1083 strerror(-ret));
1084 ret = 4;
1085 goto out;
1086 }
1087 ret = bdrv_read(bs2, sector_num, buf2, nb_sectors);
1088 if (ret < 0) {
1089 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1090 " of %s: %s", sectors_to_bytes(sector_num),
1091 filename2, strerror(-ret));
1092 ret = 4;
1093 goto out;
1094 }
1095 ret = compare_sectors(buf1, buf2, nb_sectors, &pnum);
1096 if (ret || pnum != nb_sectors) {
1097 qprintf(quiet, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64 "!\n",
1098 sectors_to_bytes(
1099 ret ? sector_num : sector_num + pnum));
1100 ret = 1;
1101 goto out;
1102 }
1103 }
1104 } else {
1105 if (strict) {
1106 ret = 1;
1107 qprintf(quiet, "Strict mode: Offset %" PRId64
1108 " allocation mismatch!\n",
1109 sectors_to_bytes(sector_num));
1110 goto out;
1111 }
1112
1113 if (allocated1) {
1114 ret = check_empty_sectors(bs1, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1115 filename1, buf1, quiet);
1116 } else {
1117 ret = check_empty_sectors(bs2, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1118 filename2, buf1, quiet);
1119 }
1120 if (ret) {
1121 if (ret < 0) {
1122 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64 ": %s",
1123 sectors_to_bytes(sector_num), strerror(-ret));
1124 ret = 4;
1125 }
1126 goto out;
1127 }
1128 }
1129 sector_num += nb_sectors;
1130 qemu_progress_print(((float) nb_sectors / progress_base)*100, 100);
1131 }
1132
1133 if (total_sectors1 != total_sectors2) {
1134 BlockDriverState *bs_over;
1135 int64_t total_sectors_over;
1136 const char *filename_over;
1137
1138 qprintf(quiet, "Warning: Image size mismatch!\n");
1139 if (total_sectors1 > total_sectors2) {
1140 total_sectors_over = total_sectors1;
1141 bs_over = bs1;
1142 filename_over = filename1;
1143 } else {
1144 total_sectors_over = total_sectors2;
1145 bs_over = bs2;
1146 filename_over = filename2;
1147 }
1148
1149 for (;;) {
1150 nb_sectors = sectors_to_process(total_sectors_over, sector_num);
1151 if (nb_sectors <= 0) {
1152 break;
1153 }
1154 ret = bdrv_is_allocated_above(bs_over, NULL, sector_num,
1155 nb_sectors, &pnum);
1156 if (ret < 0) {
1157 ret = 3;
1158 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s",
1159 filename_over);
1160 goto out;
1161
1162 }
1163 nb_sectors = pnum;
1164 if (ret) {
1165 ret = check_empty_sectors(bs_over, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1166 filename_over, buf1, quiet);
1167 if (ret) {
1168 if (ret < 0) {
1169 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1170 " of %s: %s", sectors_to_bytes(sector_num),
1171 filename_over, strerror(-ret));
1172 ret = 4;
1173 }
1174 goto out;
1175 }
1176 }
1177 sector_num += nb_sectors;
1178 qemu_progress_print(((float) nb_sectors / progress_base)*100, 100);
1179 }
1180 }
1181
1182 qprintf(quiet, "Images are identical.\n");
1183 ret = 0;
1184
1185 out:
1186 bdrv_unref(bs2);
1187 qemu_vfree(buf1);
1188 qemu_vfree(buf2);
1189 out2:
1190 bdrv_unref(bs1);
1191 out3:
1192 qemu_progress_end();
1193 return ret;
1194 }
1195
1196 static int img_convert(int argc, char **argv)
1197 {
1198 int c, n, n1, bs_n, bs_i, compress, cluster_sectors, skip_create;
1199 int64_t ret = 0;
1200 int progress = 0, flags, src_flags;
1201 const char *fmt, *out_fmt, *cache, *src_cache, *out_baseimg, *out_filename;
1202 BlockDriver *drv, *proto_drv;
1203 BlockDriverState **bs = NULL, *out_bs = NULL;
1204 int64_t total_sectors, nb_sectors, sector_num, bs_offset;
1205 int64_t *bs_sectors = NULL;
1206 uint8_t * buf = NULL;
1207 size_t bufsectors = IO_BUF_SIZE / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1208 const uint8_t *buf1;
1209 BlockDriverInfo bdi;
1210 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
1211 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
1212 const char *out_baseimg_param;
1213 char *options = NULL;
1214 const char *snapshot_name = NULL;
1215 int min_sparse = 8; /* Need at least 4k of zeros for sparse detection */
1216 bool quiet = false;
1217 Error *local_err = NULL;
1218 QemuOpts *sn_opts = NULL;
1219
1220 fmt = NULL;
1221 out_fmt = "raw";
1222 cache = "unsafe";
1223 src_cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
1224 out_baseimg = NULL;
1225 compress = 0;
1226 skip_create = 0;
1227 for(;;) {
1228 c = getopt(argc, argv, "hf:O:B:ce6o:s:l:S:pt:T:qn");
1229 if (c == -1) {
1230 break;
1231 }
1232 switch(c) {
1233 case '?':
1234 case 'h':
1235 help();
1236 break;
1237 case 'f':
1238 fmt = optarg;
1239 break;
1240 case 'O':
1241 out_fmt = optarg;
1242 break;
1243 case 'B':
1244 out_baseimg = optarg;
1245 break;
1246 case 'c':
1247 compress = 1;
1248 break;
1249 case 'e':
1250 error_report("option -e is deprecated, please use \'-o "
1251 "encryption\' instead!");
1252 ret = -1;
1253 goto fail_getopt;
1254 case '6':
1255 error_report("option -6 is deprecated, please use \'-o "
1256 "compat6\' instead!");
1257 ret = -1;
1258 goto fail_getopt;
1259 case 'o':
1260 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
1261 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
1262 ret = -1;
1263 goto fail_getopt;
1264 }
1265 if (!options) {
1266 options = g_strdup(optarg);
1267 } else {
1268 char *old_options = options;
1269 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
1270 g_free(old_options);
1271 }
1272 break;
1273 case 's':
1274 snapshot_name = optarg;
1275 break;
1276 case 'l':
1277 if (strstart(optarg, SNAPSHOT_OPT_BASE, NULL)) {
1278 sn_opts = qemu_opts_parse(&internal_snapshot_opts, optarg, 0);
1279 if (!sn_opts) {
1280 error_report("Failed in parsing snapshot param '%s'",
1281 optarg);
1282 ret = -1;
1283 goto fail_getopt;
1284 }
1285 } else {
1286 snapshot_name = optarg;
1287 }
1288 break;
1289 case 'S':
1290 {
1291 int64_t sval;
1292 char *end;
1293 sval = strtosz_suffix(optarg, &end, STRTOSZ_DEFSUFFIX_B);
1294 if (sval < 0 || *end) {
1295 error_report("Invalid minimum zero buffer size for sparse output specified");
1296 ret = -1;
1297 goto fail_getopt;
1298 }
1299
1300 min_sparse = sval / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1301 break;
1302 }
1303 case 'p':
1304 progress = 1;
1305 break;
1306 case 't':
1307 cache = optarg;
1308 break;
1309 case 'T':
1310 src_cache = optarg;
1311 break;
1312 case 'q':
1313 quiet = true;
1314 break;
1315 case 'n':
1316 skip_create = 1;
1317 break;
1318 }
1319 }
1320
1321 /* Initialize before goto out */
1322 if (quiet) {
1323 progress = 0;
1324 }
1325 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.0);
1326
1327
1328 bs_n = argc - optind - 1;
1329 out_filename = bs_n >= 1 ? argv[argc - 1] : NULL;
1330
1331 if (options && has_help_option(options)) {
1332 ret = print_block_option_help(out_filename, out_fmt);
1333 goto out;
1334 }
1335
1336 if (bs_n < 1) {
1337 error_exit("Must specify image file name");
1338 }
1339
1340
1341 if (bs_n > 1 && out_baseimg) {
1342 error_report("-B makes no sense when concatenating multiple input "
1343 "images");
1344 ret = -1;
1345 goto out;
1346 }
1347
1348 src_flags = BDRV_O_FLAGS;
1349 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_flags(src_cache, &src_flags);
1350 if (ret < 0) {
1351 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", src_cache);
1352 goto out;
1353 }
1354
1355 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
1356
1357 bs = g_new0(BlockDriverState *, bs_n);
1358 bs_sectors = g_new(int64_t, bs_n);
1359
1360 total_sectors = 0;
1361 for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < bs_n; bs_i++) {
1362 char *id = bs_n > 1 ? g_strdup_printf("source_%d", bs_i)
1363 : g_strdup("source");
1364 bs[bs_i] = bdrv_new_open(id, argv[optind + bs_i], fmt, src_flags,
1365 true, quiet);
1366 g_free(id);
1367 if (!bs[bs_i]) {
1368 error_report("Could not open '%s'", argv[optind + bs_i]);
1369 ret = -1;
1370 goto out;
1371 }
1372 bs_sectors[bs_i] = bdrv_nb_sectors(bs[bs_i]);
1373 if (bs_sectors[bs_i] < 0) {
1374 error_report("Could not get size of %s: %s",
1375 argv[optind + bs_i], strerror(-bs_sectors[bs_i]));
1376 ret = -1;
1377 goto out;
1378 }
1379 total_sectors += bs_sectors[bs_i];
1380 }
1381
1382 if (sn_opts) {
1383 ret = bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp(bs[0],
1384 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_ID),
1385 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_NAME),
1386 &local_err);
1387 } else if (snapshot_name != NULL) {
1388 if (bs_n > 1) {
1389 error_report("No support for concatenating multiple snapshot");
1390 ret = -1;
1391 goto out;
1392 }
1393
1394 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp_by_id_or_name(bs[0], snapshot_name, &local_err);
1395 }
1396 if (local_err) {
1397 error_report("Failed to load snapshot: %s",
1398 error_get_pretty(local_err));
1399 error_free(local_err);
1400 ret = -1;
1401 goto out;
1402 }
1403
1404 /* Find driver and parse its options */
1405 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
1406 if (!drv) {
1407 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", out_fmt);
1408 ret = -1;
1409 goto out;
1410 }
1411
1412 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(out_filename, true);
1413 if (!proto_drv) {
1414 error_report("Unknown protocol '%s'", out_filename);
1415 ret = -1;
1416 goto out;
1417 }
1418
1419 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
1420 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
1421
1422 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
1423 if (options && qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL)) {
1424 error_report("Invalid options for file format '%s'", out_fmt);
1425 ret = -1;
1426 goto out;
1427 }
1428
1429 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, total_sectors * 512);
1430 ret = add_old_style_options(out_fmt, opts, out_baseimg, NULL);
1431 if (ret < 0) {
1432 goto out;
1433 }
1434
1435 /* Get backing file name if -o backing_file was used */
1436 out_baseimg_param = qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE);
1437 if (out_baseimg_param) {
1438 out_baseimg = out_baseimg_param;
1439 }
1440
1441 /* Check if compression is supported */
1442 if (compress) {
1443 bool encryption =
1444 qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT, false);
1445 const char *preallocation =
1446 qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_PREALLOC);
1447
1448 if (!drv->bdrv_write_compressed) {
1449 error_report("Compression not supported for this file format");
1450 ret = -1;
1451 goto out;
1452 }
1453
1454 if (encryption) {
1455 error_report("Compression and encryption not supported at "
1456 "the same time");
1457 ret = -1;
1458 goto out;
1459 }
1460
1461 if (preallocation
1462 && strcmp(preallocation, "off"))
1463 {
1464 error_report("Compression and preallocation not supported at "
1465 "the same time");
1466 ret = -1;
1467 goto out;
1468 }
1469 }
1470
1471 if (!skip_create) {
1472 /* Create the new image */
1473 ret = bdrv_create(drv, out_filename, opts, &local_err);
1474 if (ret < 0) {
1475 error_report("%s: error while converting %s: %s",
1476 out_filename, out_fmt, error_get_pretty(local_err));
1477 error_free(local_err);
1478 goto out;
1479 }
1480 }
1481
1482 flags = min_sparse ? (BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_UNMAP) : BDRV_O_RDWR;
1483 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_flags(cache, &flags);
1484 if (ret < 0) {
1485 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
1486 goto out;
1487 }
1488
1489 out_bs = bdrv_new_open("target", out_filename, out_fmt, flags, true, quiet);
1490 if (!out_bs) {
1491 ret = -1;
1492 goto out;
1493 }
1494
1495 bs_i = 0;
1496 bs_offset = 0;
1497
1498 /* increase bufsectors from the default 4096 (2M) if opt_transfer_length
1499 * or discard_alignment of the out_bs is greater. Limit to 32768 (16MB)
1500 * as maximum. */
1501 bufsectors = MIN(32768,
1502 MAX(bufsectors, MAX(out_bs->bl.opt_transfer_length,
1503 out_bs->bl.discard_alignment))
1504 );
1505
1506 buf = qemu_blockalign(out_bs, bufsectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1507
1508 if (skip_create) {
1509 int64_t output_sectors = bdrv_nb_sectors(out_bs);
1510 if (output_sectors < 0) {
1511 error_report("unable to get output image length: %s\n",
1512 strerror(-output_sectors));
1513 ret = -1;
1514 goto out;
1515 } else if (output_sectors < total_sectors) {
1516 error_report("output file is smaller than input file");
1517 ret = -1;
1518 goto out;
1519 }
1520 }
1521
1522 cluster_sectors = 0;
1523 ret = bdrv_get_info(out_bs, &bdi);
1524 if (ret < 0) {
1525 if (compress) {
1526 error_report("could not get block driver info");
1527 goto out;
1528 }
1529 } else {
1530 compress = compress || bdi.needs_compressed_writes;
1531 cluster_sectors = bdi.cluster_size / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1532 }
1533
1534 if (compress) {
1535 if (cluster_sectors <= 0 || cluster_sectors > bufsectors) {
1536 error_report("invalid cluster size");
1537 ret = -1;
1538 goto out;
1539 }
1540 sector_num = 0;
1541
1542 nb_sectors = total_sectors;
1543
1544 for(;;) {
1545 int64_t bs_num;
1546 int remainder;
1547 uint8_t *buf2;
1548
1549 nb_sectors = total_sectors - sector_num;
1550 if (nb_sectors <= 0)
1551 break;
1552 if (nb_sectors >= cluster_sectors)
1553 n = cluster_sectors;
1554 else
1555 n = nb_sectors;
1556
1557 bs_num = sector_num - bs_offset;
1558 assert (bs_num >= 0);
1559 remainder = n;
1560 buf2 = buf;
1561 while (remainder > 0) {
1562 int nlow;
1563 while (bs_num == bs_sectors[bs_i]) {
1564 bs_offset += bs_sectors[bs_i];
1565 bs_i++;
1566 assert (bs_i < bs_n);
1567 bs_num = 0;
1568 /* printf("changing part: sector_num=%" PRId64 ", "
1569 "bs_i=%d, bs_offset=%" PRId64 ", bs_sectors=%" PRId64
1570 "\n", sector_num, bs_i, bs_offset, bs_sectors[bs_i]); */
1571 }
1572 assert (bs_num < bs_sectors[bs_i]);
1573
1574 nlow = remainder > bs_sectors[bs_i] - bs_num
1575 ? bs_sectors[bs_i] - bs_num : remainder;
1576
1577 ret = bdrv_read(bs[bs_i], bs_num, buf2, nlow);
1578 if (ret < 0) {
1579 error_report("error while reading sector %" PRId64 ": %s",
1580 bs_num, strerror(-ret));
1581 goto out;
1582 }
1583
1584 buf2 += nlow * 512;
1585 bs_num += nlow;
1586
1587 remainder -= nlow;
1588 }
1589 assert (remainder == 0);
1590
1591 if (!buffer_is_zero(buf, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE)) {
1592 ret = bdrv_write_compressed(out_bs, sector_num, buf, n);
1593 if (ret != 0) {
1594 error_report("error while compressing sector %" PRId64
1595 ": %s", sector_num, strerror(-ret));
1596 goto out;
1597 }
1598 }
1599 sector_num += n;
1600 qemu_progress_print(100.0 * sector_num / total_sectors, 0);
1601 }
1602 /* signal EOF to align */
1603 bdrv_write_compressed(out_bs, 0, NULL, 0);
1604 } else {
1605 int64_t sectors_to_read, sectors_read, sector_num_next_status;
1606 bool count_allocated_sectors;
1607 int has_zero_init = min_sparse ? bdrv_has_zero_init(out_bs) : 0;
1608
1609 if (!has_zero_init && bdrv_can_write_zeroes_with_unmap(out_bs)) {
1610 ret = bdrv_make_zero(out_bs, BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP);
1611 if (ret < 0) {
1612 goto out;
1613 }
1614 has_zero_init = 1;
1615 }
1616
1617 sectors_to_read = total_sectors;
1618 count_allocated_sectors = progress && (out_baseimg || has_zero_init);
1619 restart:
1620 sector_num = 0; // total number of sectors converted so far
1621 sectors_read = 0;
1622 sector_num_next_status = 0;
1623
1624 for(;;) {
1625 nb_sectors = total_sectors - sector_num;
1626 if (nb_sectors <= 0) {
1627 if (count_allocated_sectors) {
1628 sectors_to_read = sectors_read;
1629 count_allocated_sectors = false;
1630 goto restart;
1631 }
1632 ret = 0;
1633 break;
1634 }
1635
1636 while (sector_num - bs_offset >= bs_sectors[bs_i]) {
1637 bs_offset += bs_sectors[bs_i];
1638 bs_i ++;
1639 assert (bs_i < bs_n);
1640 /* printf("changing part: sector_num=%" PRId64 ", bs_i=%d, "
1641 "bs_offset=%" PRId64 ", bs_sectors=%" PRId64 "\n",
1642 sector_num, bs_i, bs_offset, bs_sectors[bs_i]); */
1643 }
1644
1645 if ((out_baseimg || has_zero_init) &&
1646 sector_num >= sector_num_next_status) {
1647 n = nb_sectors > INT_MAX ? INT_MAX : nb_sectors;
1648 ret = bdrv_get_block_status(bs[bs_i], sector_num - bs_offset,
1649 n, &n1);
1650 if (ret < 0) {
1651 error_report("error while reading block status of sector %"
1652 PRId64 ": %s", sector_num - bs_offset,
1653 strerror(-ret));
1654 goto out;
1655 }
1656 /* If the output image is zero initialized, we are not working
1657 * on a shared base and the input is zero we can skip the next
1658 * n1 sectors */
1659 if (has_zero_init && !out_baseimg && (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO)) {
1660 sector_num += n1;
1661 continue;
1662 }
1663 /* If the output image is being created as a copy on write
1664 * image, assume that sectors which are unallocated in the
1665 * input image are present in both the output's and input's
1666 * base images (no need to copy them). */
1667 if (out_baseimg) {
1668 if (!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA)) {
1669 sector_num += n1;
1670 continue;
1671 }
1672 /* The next 'n1' sectors are allocated in the input image.
1673 * Copy only those as they may be followed by unallocated
1674 * sectors. */
1675 nb_sectors = n1;
1676 }
1677 /* avoid redundant callouts to get_block_status */
1678 sector_num_next_status = sector_num + n1;
1679 }
1680
1681 n = MIN(nb_sectors, bufsectors);
1682
1683 /* round down request length to an aligned sector, but
1684 * do not bother doing this on short requests. They happen
1685 * when we found an all-zero area, and the next sector to
1686 * write will not be sector_num + n. */
1687 if (cluster_sectors > 0 && n >= cluster_sectors) {
1688 int64_t next_aligned_sector = (sector_num + n);
1689 next_aligned_sector -= next_aligned_sector % cluster_sectors;
1690 if (sector_num + n > next_aligned_sector) {
1691 n = next_aligned_sector - sector_num;
1692 }
1693 }
1694
1695 n = MIN(n, bs_sectors[bs_i] - (sector_num - bs_offset));
1696
1697 sectors_read += n;
1698 if (count_allocated_sectors) {
1699 sector_num += n;
1700 continue;
1701 }
1702
1703 n1 = n;
1704 ret = bdrv_read(bs[bs_i], sector_num - bs_offset, buf, n);
1705 if (ret < 0) {
1706 error_report("error while reading sector %" PRId64 ": %s",
1707 sector_num - bs_offset, strerror(-ret));
1708 goto out;
1709 }
1710 /* NOTE: at the same time we convert, we do not write zero
1711 sectors to have a chance to compress the image. Ideally, we
1712 should add a specific call to have the info to go faster */
1713 buf1 = buf;
1714 while (n > 0) {
1715 if (!has_zero_init ||
1716 is_allocated_sectors_min(buf1, n, &n1, min_sparse)) {
1717 ret = bdrv_write(out_bs, sector_num, buf1, n1);
1718 if (ret < 0) {
1719 error_report("error while writing sector %" PRId64
1720 ": %s", sector_num, strerror(-ret));
1721 goto out;
1722 }
1723 }
1724 sector_num += n1;
1725 n -= n1;
1726 buf1 += n1 * 512;
1727 }
1728 qemu_progress_print(100.0 * sectors_read / sectors_to_read, 0);
1729 }
1730 }
1731 out:
1732 if (!ret) {
1733 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
1734 }
1735 qemu_progress_end();
1736 qemu_opts_del(opts);
1737 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
1738 qemu_vfree(buf);
1739 qemu_opts_del(sn_opts);
1740 if (out_bs) {
1741 bdrv_unref(out_bs);
1742 }
1743 if (bs) {
1744 for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < bs_n; bs_i++) {
1745 if (bs[bs_i]) {
1746 bdrv_unref(bs[bs_i]);
1747 }
1748 }
1749 g_free(bs);
1750 }
1751 g_free(bs_sectors);
1752 fail_getopt:
1753 g_free(options);
1754
1755 if (ret) {
1756 return 1;
1757 }
1758 return 0;
1759 }
1760
1761
1762 static void dump_snapshots(BlockDriverState *bs)
1763 {
1764 QEMUSnapshotInfo *sn_tab, *sn;
1765 int nb_sns, i;
1766
1767 nb_sns = bdrv_snapshot_list(bs, &sn_tab);
1768 if (nb_sns <= 0)
1769 return;
1770 printf("Snapshot list:\n");
1771 bdrv_snapshot_dump(fprintf, stdout, NULL);
1772 printf("\n");
1773 for(i = 0; i < nb_sns; i++) {
1774 sn = &sn_tab[i];
1775 bdrv_snapshot_dump(fprintf, stdout, sn);
1776 printf("\n");
1777 }
1778 g_free(sn_tab);
1779 }
1780
1781 static void dump_json_image_info_list(ImageInfoList *list)
1782 {
1783 Error *local_err = NULL;
1784 QString *str;
1785 QmpOutputVisitor *ov = qmp_output_visitor_new();
1786 QObject *obj;
1787 visit_type_ImageInfoList(qmp_output_get_visitor(ov),
1788 &list, NULL, &local_err);
1789 obj = qmp_output_get_qobject(ov);
1790 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
1791 assert(str != NULL);
1792 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
1793 qobject_decref(obj);
1794 qmp_output_visitor_cleanup(ov);
1795 QDECREF(str);
1796 }
1797
1798 static void dump_json_image_info(ImageInfo *info)
1799 {
1800 Error *local_err = NULL;
1801 QString *str;
1802 QmpOutputVisitor *ov = qmp_output_visitor_new();
1803 QObject *obj;
1804 visit_type_ImageInfo(qmp_output_get_visitor(ov),
1805 &info, NULL, &local_err);
1806 obj = qmp_output_get_qobject(ov);
1807 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
1808 assert(str != NULL);
1809 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
1810 qobject_decref(obj);
1811 qmp_output_visitor_cleanup(ov);
1812 QDECREF(str);
1813 }
1814
1815 static void dump_human_image_info_list(ImageInfoList *list)
1816 {
1817 ImageInfoList *elem;
1818 bool delim = false;
1819
1820 for (elem = list; elem; elem = elem->next) {
1821 if (delim) {
1822 printf("\n");
1823 }
1824 delim = true;
1825
1826 bdrv_image_info_dump(fprintf, stdout, elem->value);
1827 }
1828 }
1829
1830 static gboolean str_equal_func(gconstpointer a, gconstpointer b)
1831 {
1832 return strcmp(a, b) == 0;
1833 }
1834
1835 /**
1836 * Open an image file chain and return an ImageInfoList
1837 *
1838 * @filename: topmost image filename
1839 * @fmt: topmost image format (may be NULL to autodetect)
1840 * @chain: true - enumerate entire backing file chain
1841 * false - only topmost image file
1842 *
1843 * Returns a list of ImageInfo objects or NULL if there was an error opening an
1844 * image file. If there was an error a message will have been printed to
1845 * stderr.
1846 */
1847 static ImageInfoList *collect_image_info_list(const char *filename,
1848 const char *fmt,
1849 bool chain)
1850 {
1851 ImageInfoList *head = NULL;
1852 ImageInfoList **last = &head;
1853 GHashTable *filenames;
1854 Error *err = NULL;
1855
1856 filenames = g_hash_table_new_full(g_str_hash, str_equal_func, NULL, NULL);
1857
1858 while (filename) {
1859 BlockDriverState *bs;
1860 ImageInfo *info;
1861 ImageInfoList *elem;
1862
1863 if (g_hash_table_lookup_extended(filenames, filename, NULL, NULL)) {
1864 error_report("Backing file '%s' creates an infinite loop.",
1865 filename);
1866 goto err;
1867 }
1868 g_hash_table_insert(filenames, (gpointer)filename, NULL);
1869
1870 bs = bdrv_new_open("image", filename, fmt,
1871 BDRV_O_FLAGS | BDRV_O_NO_BACKING, false, false);
1872 if (!bs) {
1873 goto err;
1874 }
1875
1876 bdrv_query_image_info(bs, &info, &err);
1877 if (err) {
1878 error_report("%s", error_get_pretty(err));
1879 error_free(err);
1880 bdrv_unref(bs);
1881 goto err;
1882 }
1883
1884 elem = g_new0(ImageInfoList, 1);
1885 elem->value = info;
1886 *last = elem;
1887 last = &elem->next;
1888
1889 bdrv_unref(bs);
1890
1891 filename = fmt = NULL;
1892 if (chain) {
1893 if (info->has_full_backing_filename) {
1894 filename = info->full_backing_filename;
1895 } else if (info->has_backing_filename) {
1896 filename = info->backing_filename;
1897 }
1898 if (info->has_backing_filename_format) {
1899 fmt = info->backing_filename_format;
1900 }
1901 }
1902 }
1903 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames);
1904 return head;
1905
1906 err:
1907 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(head);
1908 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames);
1909 return NULL;
1910 }
1911
1912 static int img_info(int argc, char **argv)
1913 {
1914 int c;
1915 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
1916 bool chain = false;
1917 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
1918 ImageInfoList *list;
1919
1920 fmt = NULL;
1921 output = NULL;
1922 for(;;) {
1923 int option_index = 0;
1924 static const struct option long_options[] = {
1925 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
1926 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
1927 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
1928 {"backing-chain", no_argument, 0, OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN},
1929 {0, 0, 0, 0}
1930 };
1931 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "f:h",
1932 long_options, &option_index);
1933 if (c == -1) {
1934 break;
1935 }
1936 switch(c) {
1937 case '?':
1938 case 'h':
1939 help();
1940 break;
1941 case 'f':
1942 fmt = optarg;
1943 break;
1944 case OPTION_OUTPUT:
1945 output = optarg;
1946 break;
1947 case OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN:
1948 chain = true;
1949 break;
1950 }
1951 }
1952 if (optind != argc - 1) {
1953 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
1954 }
1955 filename = argv[optind++];
1956
1957 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
1958 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
1959 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
1960 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
1961 } else if (output) {
1962 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
1963 return 1;
1964 }
1965
1966 list = collect_image_info_list(filename, fmt, chain);
1967 if (!list) {
1968 return 1;
1969 }
1970
1971 switch (output_format) {
1972 case OFORMAT_HUMAN:
1973 dump_human_image_info_list(list);
1974 break;
1975 case OFORMAT_JSON:
1976 if (chain) {
1977 dump_json_image_info_list(list);
1978 } else {
1979 dump_json_image_info(list->value);
1980 }
1981 break;
1982 }
1983
1984 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(list);
1985 return 0;
1986 }
1987
1988
1989 typedef struct MapEntry {
1990 int flags;
1991 int depth;
1992 int64_t start;
1993 int64_t length;
1994 int64_t offset;
1995 BlockDriverState *bs;
1996 } MapEntry;
1997
1998 static void dump_map_entry(OutputFormat output_format, MapEntry *e,
1999 MapEntry *next)
2000 {
2001 switch (output_format) {
2002 case OFORMAT_HUMAN:
2003 if ((e->flags & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA) &&
2004 !(e->flags & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID)) {
2005 error_report("File contains external, encrypted or compressed clusters.");
2006 exit(1);
2007 }
2008 if ((e->flags & (BDRV_BLOCK_DATA|BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO)) == BDRV_BLOCK_DATA) {
2009 printf("%#-16"PRIx64"%#-16"PRIx64"%#-16"PRIx64"%s\n",
2010 e->start, e->length, e->offset, e->bs->filename);
2011 }
2012 /* This format ignores the distinction between 0, ZERO and ZERO|DATA.
2013 * Modify the flags here to allow more coalescing.
2014 */
2015 if (next &&
2016 (next->flags & (BDRV_BLOCK_DATA|BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO)) != BDRV_BLOCK_DATA) {
2017 next->flags &= ~BDRV_BLOCK_DATA;
2018 next->flags |= BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO;
2019 }
2020 break;
2021 case OFORMAT_JSON:
2022 printf("%s{ \"start\": %"PRId64", \"length\": %"PRId64", \"depth\": %d,"
2023 " \"zero\": %s, \"data\": %s",
2024 (e->start == 0 ? "[" : ",\n"),
2025 e->start, e->length, e->depth,
2026 (e->flags & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO) ? "true" : "false",
2027 (e->flags & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA) ? "true" : "false");
2028 if (e->flags & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID) {
2029 printf(", \"offset\": %"PRId64"", e->offset);
2030 }
2031 putchar('}');
2032
2033 if (!next) {
2034 printf("]\n");
2035 }
2036 break;
2037 }
2038 }
2039
2040 static int get_block_status(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sector_num,
2041 int nb_sectors, MapEntry *e)
2042 {
2043 int64_t ret;
2044 int depth;
2045
2046 /* As an optimization, we could cache the current range of unallocated
2047 * clusters in each file of the chain, and avoid querying the same
2048 * range repeatedly.
2049 */
2050
2051 depth = 0;
2052 for (;;) {
2053 ret = bdrv_get_block_status(bs, sector_num, nb_sectors, &nb_sectors);
2054 if (ret < 0) {
2055 return ret;
2056 }
2057 assert(nb_sectors);
2058 if (ret & (BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO|BDRV_BLOCK_DATA)) {
2059 break;
2060 }
2061 bs = bs->backing_hd;
2062 if (bs == NULL) {
2063 ret = 0;
2064 break;
2065 }
2066
2067 depth++;
2068 }
2069
2070 e->start = sector_num * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
2071 e->length = nb_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
2072 e->flags = ret & ~BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_MASK;
2073 e->offset = ret & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_MASK;
2074 e->depth = depth;
2075 e->bs = bs;
2076 return 0;
2077 }
2078
2079 static int img_map(int argc, char **argv)
2080 {
2081 int c;
2082 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2083 BlockDriverState *bs;
2084 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
2085 int64_t length;
2086 MapEntry curr = { .length = 0 }, next;
2087 int ret = 0;
2088
2089 fmt = NULL;
2090 output = NULL;
2091 for (;;) {
2092 int option_index = 0;
2093 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2094 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2095 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
2096 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
2097 {0, 0, 0, 0}
2098 };
2099 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "f:h",
2100 long_options, &option_index);
2101 if (c == -1) {
2102 break;
2103 }
2104 switch (c) {
2105 case '?':
2106 case 'h':
2107 help();
2108 break;
2109 case 'f':
2110 fmt = optarg;
2111 break;
2112 case OPTION_OUTPUT:
2113 output = optarg;
2114 break;
2115 }
2116 }
2117 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2118 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2119 }
2120 filename = argv[optind];
2121
2122 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
2123 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
2124 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
2125 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2126 } else if (output) {
2127 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
2128 return 1;
2129 }
2130
2131 bs = bdrv_new_open("image", filename, fmt, BDRV_O_FLAGS, true, false);
2132 if (!bs) {
2133 return 1;
2134 }
2135
2136 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
2137 printf("%-16s%-16s%-16s%s\n", "Offset", "Length", "Mapped to", "File");
2138 }
2139
2140 length = bdrv_getlength(bs);
2141 while (curr.start + curr.length < length) {
2142 int64_t nsectors_left;
2143 int64_t sector_num;
2144 int n;
2145
2146 sector_num = (curr.start + curr.length) >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
2147
2148 /* Probe up to 1 GiB at a time. */
2149 nsectors_left = DIV_ROUND_UP(length, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE) - sector_num;
2150 n = MIN(1 << (30 - BDRV_SECTOR_BITS), nsectors_left);
2151 ret = get_block_status(bs, sector_num, n, &next);
2152
2153 if (ret < 0) {
2154 error_report("Could not read file metadata: %s", strerror(-ret));
2155 goto out;
2156 }
2157
2158 if (curr.length != 0 && curr.flags == next.flags &&
2159 curr.depth == next.depth &&
2160 ((curr.flags & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID) == 0 ||
2161 curr.offset + curr.length == next.offset)) {
2162 curr.length += next.length;
2163 continue;
2164 }
2165
2166 if (curr.length > 0) {
2167 dump_map_entry(output_format, &curr, &next);
2168 }
2169 curr = next;
2170 }
2171
2172 dump_map_entry(output_format, &curr, NULL);
2173
2174 out:
2175 bdrv_unref(bs);
2176 return ret < 0;
2177 }
2178
2179 #define SNAPSHOT_LIST 1
2180 #define SNAPSHOT_CREATE 2
2181 #define SNAPSHOT_APPLY 3
2182 #define SNAPSHOT_DELETE 4
2183
2184 static int img_snapshot(int argc, char **argv)
2185 {
2186 BlockDriverState *bs;
2187 QEMUSnapshotInfo sn;
2188 char *filename, *snapshot_name = NULL;
2189 int c, ret = 0, bdrv_oflags;
2190 int action = 0;
2191 qemu_timeval tv;
2192 bool quiet = false;
2193 Error *err = NULL;
2194
2195 bdrv_oflags = BDRV_O_FLAGS | BDRV_O_RDWR;
2196 /* Parse commandline parameters */
2197 for(;;) {
2198 c = getopt(argc, argv, "la:c:d:hq");
2199 if (c == -1) {
2200 break;
2201 }
2202 switch(c) {
2203 case '?':
2204 case 'h':
2205 help();
2206 return 0;
2207 case 'l':
2208 if (action) {
2209 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2210 return 0;
2211 }
2212 action = SNAPSHOT_LIST;
2213 bdrv_oflags &= ~BDRV_O_RDWR; /* no need for RW */
2214 break;
2215 case 'a':
2216 if (action) {
2217 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2218 return 0;
2219 }
2220 action = SNAPSHOT_APPLY;
2221 snapshot_name = optarg;
2222 break;
2223 case 'c':
2224 if (action) {
2225 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2226 return 0;
2227 }
2228 action = SNAPSHOT_CREATE;
2229 snapshot_name = optarg;
2230 break;
2231 case 'd':
2232 if (action) {
2233 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2234 return 0;
2235 }
2236 action = SNAPSHOT_DELETE;
2237 snapshot_name = optarg;
2238 break;
2239 case 'q':
2240 quiet = true;
2241 break;
2242 }
2243 }
2244
2245 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2246 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2247 }
2248 filename = argv[optind++];
2249
2250 /* Open the image */
2251 bs = bdrv_new_open("image", filename, NULL, bdrv_oflags, true, quiet);
2252 if (!bs) {
2253 return 1;
2254 }
2255
2256 /* Perform the requested action */
2257 switch(action) {
2258 case SNAPSHOT_LIST:
2259 dump_snapshots(bs);
2260 break;
2261
2262 case SNAPSHOT_CREATE:
2263 memset(&sn, 0, sizeof(sn));
2264 pstrcpy(sn.name, sizeof(sn.name), snapshot_name);
2265
2266 qemu_gettimeofday(&tv);
2267 sn.date_sec = tv.tv_sec;
2268 sn.date_nsec = tv.tv_usec * 1000;
2269
2270 ret = bdrv_snapshot_create(bs, &sn);
2271 if (ret) {
2272 error_report("Could not create snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
2273 snapshot_name, ret, strerror(-ret));
2274 }
2275 break;
2276
2277 case SNAPSHOT_APPLY:
2278 ret = bdrv_snapshot_goto(bs, snapshot_name);
2279 if (ret) {
2280 error_report("Could not apply snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
2281 snapshot_name, ret, strerror(-ret));
2282 }
2283 break;
2284
2285 case SNAPSHOT_DELETE:
2286 bdrv_snapshot_delete_by_id_or_name(bs, snapshot_name, &err);
2287 if (err) {
2288 error_report("Could not delete snapshot '%s': (%s)",
2289 snapshot_name, error_get_pretty(err));
2290 error_free(err);
2291 ret = 1;
2292 }
2293 break;
2294 }
2295
2296 /* Cleanup */
2297 bdrv_unref(bs);
2298 if (ret) {
2299 return 1;
2300 }
2301 return 0;
2302 }
2303
2304 static int img_rebase(int argc, char **argv)
2305 {
2306 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL, *bs_old_backing = NULL, *bs_new_backing = NULL;
2307 BlockDriver *old_backing_drv, *new_backing_drv;
2308 char *filename;
2309 const char *fmt, *cache, *src_cache, *out_basefmt, *out_baseimg;
2310 int c, flags, src_flags, ret;
2311 int unsafe = 0;
2312 int progress = 0;
2313 bool quiet = false;
2314 Error *local_err = NULL;
2315
2316 /* Parse commandline parameters */
2317 fmt = NULL;
2318 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
2319 src_cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
2320 out_baseimg = NULL;
2321 out_basefmt = NULL;
2322 for(;;) {
2323 c = getopt(argc, argv, "hf:F:b:upt:T:q");
2324 if (c == -1) {
2325 break;
2326 }
2327 switch(c) {
2328 case '?':
2329 case 'h':
2330 help();
2331 return 0;
2332 case 'f':
2333 fmt = optarg;
2334 break;
2335 case 'F':
2336 out_basefmt = optarg;
2337 break;
2338 case 'b':
2339 out_baseimg = optarg;
2340 break;
2341 case 'u':
2342 unsafe = 1;
2343 break;
2344 case 'p':
2345 progress = 1;
2346 break;
2347 case 't':
2348 cache = optarg;
2349 break;
2350 case 'T':
2351 src_cache = optarg;
2352 break;
2353 case 'q':
2354 quiet = true;
2355 break;
2356 }
2357 }
2358
2359 if (quiet) {
2360 progress = 0;
2361 }
2362
2363 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2364 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2365 }
2366 if (!unsafe && !out_baseimg) {
2367 error_exit("Must specify backing file (-b) or use unsafe mode (-u)");
2368 }
2369 filename = argv[optind++];
2370
2371 qemu_progress_init(progress, 2.0);
2372 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
2373
2374 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR | (unsafe ? BDRV_O_NO_BACKING : 0);
2375 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_flags(cache, &flags);
2376 if (ret < 0) {
2377 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
2378 goto out;
2379 }
2380
2381 src_flags = BDRV_O_FLAGS;
2382 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_flags(src_cache, &src_flags);
2383 if (ret < 0) {
2384 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", src_cache);
2385 goto out;
2386 }
2387
2388 /*
2389 * Open the images.
2390 *
2391 * Ignore the old backing file for unsafe rebase in case we want to correct
2392 * the reference to a renamed or moved backing file.
2393 */
2394 bs = bdrv_new_open("image", filename, fmt, flags, true, quiet);
2395 if (!bs) {
2396 ret = -1;
2397 goto out;
2398 }
2399
2400 /* Find the right drivers for the backing files */
2401 old_backing_drv = NULL;
2402 new_backing_drv = NULL;
2403
2404 if (!unsafe && bs->backing_format[0] != '\0') {
2405 old_backing_drv = bdrv_find_format(bs->backing_format);
2406 if (old_backing_drv == NULL) {
2407 error_report("Invalid format name: '%s'", bs->backing_format);
2408 ret = -1;
2409 goto out;
2410 }
2411 }
2412
2413 if (out_basefmt != NULL) {
2414 new_backing_drv = bdrv_find_format(out_basefmt);
2415 if (new_backing_drv == NULL) {
2416 error_report("Invalid format name: '%s'", out_basefmt);
2417 ret = -1;
2418 goto out;
2419 }
2420 }
2421
2422 /* For safe rebasing we need to compare old and new backing file */
2423 if (!unsafe) {
2424 char backing_name[1024];
2425
2426 bs_old_backing = bdrv_new("old_backing", &error_abort);
2427 bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs, backing_name, sizeof(backing_name));
2428 ret = bdrv_open(&bs_old_backing, backing_name, NULL, NULL, src_flags,
2429 old_backing_drv, &local_err);
2430 if (ret) {
2431 error_report("Could not open old backing file '%s': %s",
2432 backing_name, error_get_pretty(local_err));
2433 error_free(local_err);
2434 goto out;
2435 }
2436 if (out_baseimg[0]) {
2437 bs_new_backing = bdrv_new("new_backing", &error_abort);
2438 ret = bdrv_open(&bs_new_backing, out_baseimg, NULL, NULL, src_flags,
2439 new_backing_drv, &local_err);
2440 if (ret) {
2441 error_report("Could not open new backing file '%s': %s",
2442 out_baseimg, error_get_pretty(local_err));
2443 error_free(local_err);
2444 goto out;
2445 }
2446 }
2447 }
2448
2449 /*
2450 * Check each unallocated cluster in the COW file. If it is unallocated,
2451 * accesses go to the backing file. We must therefore compare this cluster
2452 * in the old and new backing file, and if they differ we need to copy it
2453 * from the old backing file into the COW file.
2454 *
2455 * If qemu-img crashes during this step, no harm is done. The content of
2456 * the image is the same as the original one at any time.
2457 */
2458 if (!unsafe) {
2459 int64_t num_sectors;
2460 int64_t old_backing_num_sectors;
2461 int64_t new_backing_num_sectors = 0;
2462 uint64_t sector;
2463 int n;
2464 uint8_t * buf_old;
2465 uint8_t * buf_new;
2466 float local_progress = 0;
2467
2468 buf_old = qemu_blockalign(bs, IO_BUF_SIZE);
2469 buf_new = qemu_blockalign(bs, IO_BUF_SIZE);
2470
2471 num_sectors = bdrv_nb_sectors(bs);
2472 if (num_sectors < 0) {
2473 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
2474 filename, strerror(-num_sectors));
2475 ret = -1;
2476 goto out;
2477 }
2478 old_backing_num_sectors = bdrv_nb_sectors(bs_old_backing);
2479 if (old_backing_num_sectors < 0) {
2480 char backing_name[1024];
2481
2482 bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs, backing_name, sizeof(backing_name));
2483 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
2484 backing_name, strerror(-old_backing_num_sectors));
2485 ret = -1;
2486 goto out;
2487 }
2488 if (bs_new_backing) {
2489 new_backing_num_sectors = bdrv_nb_sectors(bs_new_backing);
2490 if (new_backing_num_sectors < 0) {
2491 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
2492 out_baseimg, strerror(-new_backing_num_sectors));
2493 ret = -1;
2494 goto out;
2495 }
2496 }
2497
2498 if (num_sectors != 0) {
2499 local_progress = (float)100 /
2500 (num_sectors / MIN(num_sectors, IO_BUF_SIZE / 512));
2501 }
2502
2503 for (sector = 0; sector < num_sectors; sector += n) {
2504
2505 /* How many sectors can we handle with the next read? */
2506 if (sector + (IO_BUF_SIZE / 512) <= num_sectors) {
2507 n = (IO_BUF_SIZE / 512);
2508 } else {
2509 n = num_sectors - sector;
2510 }
2511
2512 /* If the cluster is allocated, we don't need to take action */
2513 ret = bdrv_is_allocated(bs, sector, n, &n);
2514 if (ret < 0) {
2515 error_report("error while reading image metadata: %s",
2516 strerror(-ret));
2517 goto out;
2518 }
2519 if (ret) {
2520 continue;
2521 }
2522
2523 /*
2524 * Read old and new backing file and take into consideration that
2525 * backing files may be smaller than the COW image.
2526 */
2527 if (sector >= old_backing_num_sectors) {
2528 memset(buf_old, 0, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
2529 } else {
2530 if (sector + n > old_backing_num_sectors) {
2531 n = old_backing_num_sectors - sector;
2532 }
2533
2534 ret = bdrv_read(bs_old_backing, sector, buf_old, n);
2535 if (ret < 0) {
2536 error_report("error while reading from old backing file");
2537 goto out;
2538 }
2539 }
2540
2541 if (sector >= new_backing_num_sectors || !bs_new_backing) {
2542 memset(buf_new, 0, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
2543 } else {
2544 if (sector + n > new_backing_num_sectors) {
2545 n = new_backing_num_sectors - sector;
2546 }
2547
2548 ret = bdrv_read(bs_new_backing, sector, buf_new, n);
2549 if (ret < 0) {
2550 error_report("error while reading from new backing file");
2551 goto out;
2552 }
2553 }
2554
2555 /* If they differ, we need to write to the COW file */
2556 uint64_t written = 0;
2557
2558 while (written < n) {
2559 int pnum;
2560
2561 if (compare_sectors(buf_old + written * 512,
2562 buf_new + written * 512, n - written, &pnum))
2563 {
2564 ret = bdrv_write(bs, sector + written,
2565 buf_old + written * 512, pnum);
2566 if (ret < 0) {
2567 error_report("Error while writing to COW image: %s",
2568 strerror(-ret));
2569 goto out;
2570 }
2571 }
2572
2573 written += pnum;
2574 }
2575 qemu_progress_print(local_progress, 100);
2576 }
2577
2578 qemu_vfree(buf_old);
2579 qemu_vfree(buf_new);
2580 }
2581
2582 /*
2583 * Change the backing file. All clusters that are different from the old
2584 * backing file are overwritten in the COW file now, so the visible content
2585 * doesn't change when we switch the backing file.
2586 */
2587 if (out_baseimg && *out_baseimg) {
2588 ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, out_baseimg, out_basefmt);
2589 } else {
2590 ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, NULL, NULL);
2591 }
2592
2593 if (ret == -ENOSPC) {
2594 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': No "
2595 "space left in the file header", out_baseimg);
2596 } else if (ret < 0) {
2597 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': %s",
2598 out_baseimg, strerror(-ret));
2599 }
2600
2601 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
2602 /*
2603 * TODO At this point it is possible to check if any clusters that are
2604 * allocated in the COW file are the same in the backing file. If so, they
2605 * could be dropped from the COW file. Don't do this before switching the
2606 * backing file, in case of a crash this would lead to corruption.
2607 */
2608 out:
2609 qemu_progress_end();
2610 /* Cleanup */
2611 if (!unsafe) {
2612 if (bs_old_backing != NULL) {
2613 bdrv_unref(bs_old_backing);
2614 }
2615 if (bs_new_backing != NULL) {
2616 bdrv_unref(bs_new_backing);
2617 }
2618 }
2619
2620 bdrv_unref(bs);
2621 if (ret) {
2622 return 1;
2623 }
2624 return 0;
2625 }
2626
2627 static int img_resize(int argc, char **argv)
2628 {
2629 int c, ret, relative;
2630 const char *filename, *fmt, *size;
2631 int64_t n, total_size;
2632 bool quiet = false;
2633 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL;
2634 QemuOpts *param;
2635 static QemuOptsList resize_options = {
2636 .name = "resize_options",
2637 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(resize_options.head),
2638 .desc = {
2639 {
2640 .name = BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
2641 .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
2642 .help = "Virtual disk size"
2643 }, {
2644 /* end of list */
2645 }
2646 },
2647 };
2648
2649 /* Remove size from argv manually so that negative numbers are not treated
2650 * as options by getopt. */
2651 if (argc < 3) {
2652 error_exit("Not enough arguments");
2653 return 1;
2654 }
2655
2656 size = argv[--argc];
2657
2658 /* Parse getopt arguments */
2659 fmt = NULL;
2660 for(;;) {
2661 c = getopt(argc, argv, "f:hq");
2662 if (c == -1) {
2663 break;
2664 }
2665 switch(c) {
2666 case '?':
2667 case 'h':
2668 help();
2669 break;
2670 case 'f':
2671 fmt = optarg;
2672 break;
2673 case 'q':
2674 quiet = true;
2675 break;
2676 }
2677 }
2678 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2679 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2680 }
2681 filename = argv[optind++];
2682
2683 /* Choose grow, shrink, or absolute resize mode */
2684 switch (size[0]) {
2685 case '+':
2686 relative = 1;
2687 size++;
2688 break;
2689 case '-':
2690 relative = -1;
2691 size++;
2692 break;
2693 default:
2694 relative = 0;
2695 break;
2696 }
2697
2698 /* Parse size */
2699 param = qemu_opts_create(&resize_options, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
2700 if (qemu_opt_set(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, size)) {
2701 /* Error message already printed when size parsing fails */
2702 ret = -1;
2703 qemu_opts_del(param);
2704 goto out;
2705 }
2706 n = qemu_opt_get_size(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, 0);
2707 qemu_opts_del(param);
2708
2709 bs = bdrv_new_open("image", filename, fmt, BDRV_O_FLAGS | BDRV_O_RDWR,
2710 true, quiet);
2711 if (!bs) {
2712 ret = -1;
2713 goto out;
2714 }
2715
2716 if (relative) {
2717 total_size = bdrv_getlength(bs) + n * relative;
2718 } else {
2719 total_size = n;
2720 }
2721 if (total_size <= 0) {
2722 error_report("New image size must be positive");
2723 ret = -1;
2724 goto out;
2725 }
2726
2727 ret = bdrv_truncate(bs, total_size);
2728 switch (ret) {
2729 case 0:
2730 qprintf(quiet, "Image resized.\n");
2731 break;
2732 case -ENOTSUP:
2733 error_report("This image does not support resize");
2734 break;
2735 case -EACCES:
2736 error_report("Image is read-only");
2737 break;
2738 default:
2739 error_report("Error resizing image (%d)", -ret);
2740 break;
2741 }
2742 out:
2743 if (bs) {
2744 bdrv_unref(bs);
2745 }
2746 if (ret) {
2747 return 1;
2748 }
2749 return 0;
2750 }
2751
2752 static int img_amend(int argc, char **argv)
2753 {
2754 int c, ret = 0;
2755 char *options = NULL;
2756 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
2757 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
2758 const char *fmt = NULL, *filename, *cache;
2759 int flags;
2760 bool quiet = false;
2761 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL;
2762
2763 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
2764 for (;;) {
2765 c = getopt(argc, argv, "ho:f:t:q");
2766 if (c == -1) {
2767 break;
2768 }
2769
2770 switch (c) {
2771 case 'h':
2772 case '?':
2773 help();
2774 break;
2775 case 'o':
2776 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
2777 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
2778 ret = -1;
2779 goto out;
2780 }
2781 if (!options) {
2782 options = g_strdup(optarg);
2783 } else {
2784 char *old_options = options;
2785 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
2786 g_free(old_options);
2787 }
2788 break;
2789 case 'f':
2790 fmt = optarg;
2791 break;
2792 case 't':
2793 cache = optarg;
2794 break;
2795 case 'q':
2796 quiet = true;
2797 break;
2798 }
2799 }
2800
2801 if (!options) {
2802 error_exit("Must specify options (-o)");
2803 }
2804
2805 filename = (optind == argc - 1) ? argv[argc - 1] : NULL;
2806 if (fmt && has_help_option(options)) {
2807 /* If a format is explicitly specified (and possibly no filename is
2808 * given), print option help here */
2809 ret = print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
2810 goto out;
2811 }
2812
2813 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2814 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2815 }
2816
2817 flags = BDRV_O_FLAGS | BDRV_O_RDWR;
2818 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_flags(cache, &flags);
2819 if (ret < 0) {
2820 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
2821 goto out;
2822 }
2823
2824 bs = bdrv_new_open("image", filename, fmt, flags, true, quiet);
2825 if (!bs) {
2826 error_report("Could not open image '%s'", filename);
2827 ret = -1;
2828 goto out;
2829 }
2830
2831 fmt = bs->drv->format_name;
2832
2833 if (has_help_option(options)) {
2834 /* If the format was auto-detected, print option help here */
2835 ret = print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
2836 goto out;
2837 }
2838
2839 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, bs->drv->create_opts);
2840 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
2841 if (options && qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL)) {
2842 error_report("Invalid options for file format '%s'", fmt);
2843 ret = -1;
2844 goto out;
2845 }
2846
2847 ret = bdrv_amend_options(bs, opts);
2848 if (ret < 0) {
2849 error_report("Error while amending options: %s", strerror(-ret));
2850 goto out;
2851 }
2852
2853 out:
2854 if (bs) {
2855 bdrv_unref(bs);
2856 }
2857 qemu_opts_del(opts);
2858 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
2859 g_free(options);
2860
2861 if (ret) {
2862 return 1;
2863 }
2864 return 0;
2865 }
2866
2867 static const img_cmd_t img_cmds[] = {
2868 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
2869 { option, callback },
2870 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
2871 #undef DEF
2872 #undef GEN_DOCS
2873 { NULL, NULL, },
2874 };
2875
2876 int main(int argc, char **argv)
2877 {
2878 const img_cmd_t *cmd;
2879 const char *cmdname;
2880 Error *local_error = NULL;
2881 int c;
2882 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2883 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2884 {"version", no_argument, 0, 'v'},
2885 {0, 0, 0, 0}
2886 };
2887
2888 #ifdef CONFIG_POSIX
2889 signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
2890 #endif
2891
2892 error_set_progname(argv[0]);
2893 qemu_init_exec_dir(argv[0]);
2894
2895 if (qemu_init_main_loop(&local_error)) {
2896 error_report("%s", error_get_pretty(local_error));
2897 error_free(local_error);
2898 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
2899 }
2900
2901 bdrv_init();
2902 if (argc < 2) {
2903 error_exit("Not enough arguments");
2904 }
2905 cmdname = argv[1];
2906
2907 /* find the command */
2908 for (cmd = img_cmds; cmd->name != NULL; cmd++) {
2909 if (!strcmp(cmdname, cmd->name)) {
2910 return cmd->handler(argc - 1, argv + 1);
2911 }
2912 }
2913
2914 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "h", long_options, NULL);
2915
2916 if (c == 'h') {
2917 help();
2918 }
2919 if (c == 'v') {
2920 printf(QEMU_IMG_VERSION);
2921 return 0;
2922 }
2923
2924 /* not found */
2925 error_exit("Command not found: %s", cmdname);
2926 }
QEmu