1 Adjunct Processor (AP) Device
2 =============================
7 * AP Architectural Overview
8 * Start Interpretive Execution (SIE) Instruction
9 * AP Matrix Configuration on Linux Host
10 * Starting a Linux Guest Configured with an AP Matrix
11 * Example: Configure AP Matrices for Three Linux Guests
15 The IBM Adjunct Processor (AP) Cryptographic Facility is comprised
16 of three AP instructions and from 1 to 256 PCIe cryptographic adapter cards.
17 These AP devices provide cryptographic functions to all CPUs assigned to a
18 linux system running in an IBM Z system LPAR.
20 On s390x, AP adapter cards are exposed via the AP bus. This document
21 describes how those cards may be made available to KVM guests using the
22 VFIO mediated device framework.
24 AP Architectural Overview:
25 =========================
26 In order understand the terminology used in the rest of this document, let's
27 start with some definitions:
31 An AP adapter is an IBM Z adapter card that can perform cryptographic
32 functions. There can be from 0 to 256 adapters assigned to an LPAR depending
33 on the machine model. Adapters assigned to the LPAR in which a linux host is
34 running will be available to the linux host. Each adapter is identified by a
35 number from 0 to 255; however, the maximum adapter number allowed is
36 determined by machine model. When installed, an AP adapter is accessed by
37 AP instructions executed by any CPU.
41 An adapter is partitioned into domains. Each domain can be thought of as
42 a set of hardware registers for processing AP instructions. An adapter can
43 hold up to 256 domains; however, the maximum domain number allowed is
44 determined by machine model. Each domain is identified by a number from 0 to
45 255. Domains can be further classified into two types:
47 * Usage domains are domains that can be accessed directly to process AP
50 * Control domains are domains that are accessed indirectly by AP
51 commands sent to a usage domain to control or change the domain; for
52 example, to set a secure private key for the domain.
56 An AP queue is the means by which an AP command-request message is sent to an
57 AP usage domain inside a specific AP. An AP queue is identified by a tuple
58 comprised of an AP adapter ID (APID) and an AP queue index (APQI). The
59 APQI corresponds to a given usage domain number within the adapter. This tuple
60 forms an AP Queue Number (APQN) uniquely identifying an AP queue. AP
61 instructions include a field containing the APQN to identify the AP queue to
62 which the AP command-request message is to be sent for processing.
66 There are three AP instructions:
68 * NQAP: to enqueue an AP command-request message to a queue
69 * DQAP: to dequeue an AP command-reply message from a queue
70 * PQAP: to administer the queues
72 AP instructions identify the domain that is targeted to process the AP
73 command; this must be one of the usage domains. An AP command may modify a
74 domain that is not one of the usage domains, but the modified domain
75 must be one of the control domains.
77 Start Interpretive Execution (SIE) Instruction
78 ==============================================
79 A KVM guest is started by executing the Start Interpretive Execution (SIE)
80 instruction. The SIE state description is a control block that contains the
81 state information for a KVM guest and is supplied as input to the SIE
82 instruction. The SIE state description contains a satellite control block called
83 the Crypto Control Block (CRYCB). The CRYCB contains three fields to identify
84 the adapters, usage domains and control domains assigned to the KVM guest:
86 * The AP Mask (APM) field is a bit mask that identifies the AP adapters assigned
87 to the KVM guest. Each bit in the mask, from left to right, corresponds to
88 an APID from 0-255. If a bit is set, the corresponding adapter is valid for
91 * The AP Queue Mask (AQM) field is a bit mask identifying the AP usage domains
92 assigned to the KVM guest. Each bit in the mask, from left to right,
93 corresponds to an AP queue index (APQI) from 0-255. If a bit is set, the
94 corresponding queue is valid for use by the KVM guest.
96 * The AP Domain Mask field is a bit mask that identifies the AP control domains
97 assigned to the KVM guest. The ADM bit mask controls which domains can be
98 changed by an AP command-request message sent to a usage domain from the
99 guest. Each bit in the mask, from left to right, corresponds to a domain from
100 0-255. If a bit is set, the corresponding domain can be modified by an AP
101 command-request message sent to a usage domain.
103 If you recall from the description of an AP Queue, AP instructions include
104 an APQN to identify the AP adapter and AP queue to which an AP command-request
105 message is to be sent (NQAP and PQAP instructions), or from which a
106 command-reply message is to be received (DQAP instruction). The validity of an
107 APQN is defined by the matrix calculated from the APM and AQM; it is the
108 cross product of all assigned adapter numbers (APM) with all assigned queue
109 indexes (AQM). For example, if adapters 1 and 2 and usage domains 5 and 6 are
110 assigned to a guest, the APQNs (1,5), (1,6), (2,5) and (2,6) will be valid for
113 The APQNs can provide secure key functionality - i.e., a private key is stored
114 on the adapter card for each of its domains - so each APQN must be assigned to
115 at most one guest or the linux host.
117 Example 1: Valid configuration:
118 ------------------------------
119 Guest1: adapters 1,2 domains 5,6
120 Guest2: adapter 1,2 domain 7
122 This is valid because both guests have a unique set of APQNs: Guest1 has
123 APQNs (1,5), (1,6), (2,5) and (2,6); Guest2 has APQNs (1,7) and (2,7).
125 Example 2: Valid configuration:
126 ------------------------------
127 Guest1: adapters 1,2 domains 5,6
128 Guest2: adapters 3,4 domains 5,6
130 This is also valid because both guests have a unique set of APQNs:
131 Guest1 has APQNs (1,5), (1,6), (2,5), (2,6);
132 Guest2 has APQNs (3,5), (3,6), (4,5), (4,6)
134 Example 3: Invalid configuration:
135 --------------------------------
136 Guest1: adapters 1,2 domains 5,6
137 Guest2: adapter 1 domains 6,7
139 This is an invalid configuration because both guests have access to
142 AP Matrix Configuration on Linux Host:
143 =====================================
144 A linux system is a guest of the LPAR in which it is running and has access to
145 the AP resources configured for the LPAR. The LPAR's AP matrix is
146 configured via its Activation Profile which can be edited on the HMC. When the
147 linux system is started, the AP bus will detect the AP devices assigned to the
148 LPAR and create the following in sysfs:
158 cardxx is AP adapter number xx (in hex)
159 ....xx.yyyy is an APQN with xx specifying the APID and yyyy specifying the
162 For example, if AP adapters 5 and 6 and domains 4, 71 (0x47), 171 (0xab) and
163 255 (0xff) are configured for the LPAR, the sysfs representation on the linux
164 host system would look like this:
179 A set of default device drivers are also created to control each type of AP
180 device that can be assigned to the LPAR on which a linux host is running:
184 ...... [cex2acard] for Crypto Express 2/3 accelerator cards
185 ...... [cex2aqueue] for AP queues served by Crypto Express 2/3
187 ...... [cex4card] for Crypto Express 4/5/6 accelerator and coprocessor
189 ...... [cex4queue] for AP queues served by Crypto Express 4/5/6
190 accelerator and coprocessor cards
191 ...... [pcixcccard] for Crypto Express 2/3 coprocessor cards
192 ...... [pcixccqueue] for AP queues served by Crypto Express 2/3
195 Binding AP devices to device drivers
196 ------------------------------------
197 There are two sysfs files that specify bitmasks marking a subset of the APQN
198 range as 'usable by the default AP queue device drivers' or 'not usable by the
199 default device drivers' and thus available for use by the alternate device
200 driver(s). The sysfs locations of the masks are:
205 The 'apmask' is a 256-bit mask that identifies a set of AP adapter IDs
206 (APID). Each bit in the mask, from left to right (i.e., from most significant
207 to least significant bit in big endian order), corresponds to an APID from
208 0-255. If a bit is set, the APID is marked as usable only by the default AP
209 queue device drivers; otherwise, the APID is usable by the vfio_ap
212 The 'aqmask' is a 256-bit mask that identifies a set of AP queue indexes
213 (APQI). Each bit in the mask, from left to right (i.e., from most significant
214 to least significant bit in big endian order), corresponds to an APQI from
215 0-255. If a bit is set, the APQI is marked as usable only by the default AP
216 queue device drivers; otherwise, the APQI is usable by the vfio_ap device
219 Take, for example, the following mask:
221 0x7dffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
225 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7-255 belong to the default drivers' pool, and 0 and 6
226 belong to the vfio_ap device driver's pool.
228 The APQN of each AP queue device assigned to the linux host is checked by the
229 AP bus against the set of APQNs derived from the cross product of APIDs
230 and APQIs marked as usable only by the default AP queue device drivers. If a
231 match is detected, only the default AP queue device drivers will be probed;
232 otherwise, the vfio_ap device driver will be probed.
234 By default, the two masks are set to reserve all APQNs for use by the default
235 AP queue device drivers. There are two ways the default masks can be changed:
237 1. The sysfs mask files can be edited by echoing a string into the
238 respective sysfs mask file in one of two formats:
240 * An absolute hex string starting with 0x - like "0x12345678" - sets
241 the mask. If the given string is shorter than the mask, it is padded
242 with 0s on the right; for example, specifying a mask value of 0x41 is
243 the same as specifying:
245 0x4100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
247 Keep in mind that the mask reads from left to right (i.e., most
248 significant to least significant bit in big endian order), so the mask
249 above identifies device numbers 1 and 7 (01000001).
251 If the string is longer than the mask, the operation is terminated with
254 * Individual bits in the mask can be switched on and off by specifying
255 each bit number to be switched in a comma separated list. Each bit
256 number string must be prepended with a ('+') or minus ('-') to indicate
257 the corresponding bit is to be switched on ('+') or off ('-'). Some
260 "+0" switches bit 0 on
261 "-13" switches bit 13 off
262 "+0x41" switches bit 65 on
263 "-0xff" switches bit 255 off
265 The following example:
268 Switches bits 0 and 71 (0x47) on
269 Switches bits 6 and 240 (0xf0) off
271 Note that the bits not specified in the list remain as they were before
274 2. The masks can also be changed at boot time via parameters on the kernel
275 command line like this:
277 ap.apmask=0xffff ap.aqmask=0x40
279 This would create the following masks:
282 0xffff000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
285 0x4000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
287 Resulting in these two pools:
289 default drivers pool: adapter 0-15, domain 1
290 alternate drivers pool: adapter 16-255, domains 0, 2-255
292 Configuring an AP matrix for a linux guest.
293 ------------------------------------------
294 The sysfs interfaces for configuring an AP matrix for a guest are built on the
295 VFIO mediated device framework. To configure an AP matrix for a guest, a
296 mediated matrix device must first be created for the /sys/devices/vfio_ap/matrix
297 device. When the vfio_ap device driver is loaded, it registers with the VFIO
298 mediated device framework. When the driver registers, the sysfs interfaces for
299 creating mediated matrix devices is created:
304 ......... [mdev_supported_types]
305 ............ [vfio_ap-passthrough]
306 ............... create
307 ............... [devices]
309 A mediated AP matrix device is created by writing a UUID to the attribute file
310 named 'create', for example:
318 When a mediated AP matrix device is created, a sysfs directory named after
319 the UUID is created in the 'devices' subdirectory:
324 ......... [mdev_supported_types]
325 ............ [vfio_ap-passthrough]
326 ............... create
327 ............... [devices]
328 .................. [$uuid]
330 There will also be three sets of attribute files created in the mediated
331 matrix device's sysfs directory to configure an AP matrix for the
337 ......... [mdev_supported_types]
338 ............ [vfio_ap-passthrough]
339 ............... create
340 ............... [devices]
341 .................. [$uuid]
342 ..................... assign_adapter
343 ..................... assign_control_domain
344 ..................... assign_domain
345 ..................... matrix
346 ..................... unassign_adapter
347 ..................... unassign_control_domain
348 ..................... unassign_domain
351 To assign an AP adapter to the mediated matrix device, its APID is written
352 to the 'assign_adapter' file. This may be done multiple times to assign more
353 than one adapter. The APID may be specified using conventional semantics
354 as a decimal, hexadecimal, or octal number. For example, to assign adapters
355 4, 5 and 16 to a mediated matrix device in decimal, hexadecimal and octal
358 echo 4 > assign_adapter
359 echo 0x5 > assign_adapter
360 echo 020 > assign_adapter
362 In order to successfully assign an adapter:
364 * The adapter number specified must represent a value from 0 up to the
365 maximum adapter number allowed by the machine model. If an adapter number
366 higher than the maximum is specified, the operation will terminate with
369 * All APQNs that can be derived from the adapter ID being assigned and the
370 IDs of the previously assigned domains must be bound to the vfio_ap device
371 driver. If no domains have yet been assigned, then there must be at least
372 one APQN with the specified APID bound to the vfio_ap driver. If no such
373 APQNs are bound to the driver, the operation will terminate with an
374 error (EADDRNOTAVAIL).
376 No APQN that can be derived from the adapter ID and the IDs of the
377 previously assigned domains can be assigned to another mediated matrix
378 device. If an APQN is assigned to another mediated matrix device, the
379 operation will terminate with an error (EADDRINUSE).
382 To unassign an AP adapter, its APID is written to the 'unassign_adapter'
383 file. This may also be done multiple times to unassign more than one adapter.
386 To assign a usage domain, the domain number is written into the
387 'assign_domain' file. This may be done multiple times to assign more than one
388 usage domain. The domain number is specified using conventional semantics as
389 a decimal, hexadecimal, or octal number. For example, to assign usage domains
390 4, 8, and 71 to a mediated matrix device in decimal, hexadecimal and octal
393 echo 4 > assign_domain
394 echo 0x8 > assign_domain
395 echo 0107 > assign_domain
397 In order to successfully assign a domain:
399 * The domain number specified must represent a value from 0 up to the
400 maximum domain number allowed by the machine model. If a domain number
401 higher than the maximum is specified, the operation will terminate with
404 * All APQNs that can be derived from the domain ID being assigned and the IDs
405 of the previously assigned adapters must be bound to the vfio_ap device
406 driver. If no domains have yet been assigned, then there must be at least
407 one APQN with the specified APQI bound to the vfio_ap driver. If no such
408 APQNs are bound to the driver, the operation will terminate with an
409 error (EADDRNOTAVAIL).
411 No APQN that can be derived from the domain ID being assigned and the IDs
412 of the previously assigned adapters can be assigned to another mediated
413 matrix device. If an APQN is assigned to another mediated matrix device,
414 the operation will terminate with an error (EADDRINUSE).
417 To unassign a usage domain, the domain number is written into the
418 'unassign_domain' file. This may be done multiple times to unassign more than
421 assign_control_domain
422 To assign a control domain, the domain number is written into the
423 'assign_control_domain' file. This may be done multiple times to
424 assign more than one control domain. The domain number may be specified using
425 conventional semantics as a decimal, hexadecimal, or octal number. For
426 example, to assign control domains 4, 8, and 71 to a mediated matrix device
427 in decimal, hexadecimal and octal respectively:
429 echo 4 > assign_domain
430 echo 0x8 > assign_domain
431 echo 0107 > assign_domain
433 In order to successfully assign a control domain, the domain number
434 specified must represent a value from 0 up to the maximum domain number
435 allowed by the machine model. If a control domain number higher than the
436 maximum is specified, the operation will terminate with an error (ENODEV).
438 unassign_control_domain
439 To unassign a control domain, the domain number is written into the
440 'unassign_domain' file. This may be done multiple times to unassign more than
443 Notes: No changes to the AP matrix will be allowed while a guest using
444 the mediated matrix device is running. Attempts to assign an adapter,
445 domain or control domain will be rejected and an error (EBUSY) returned.
447 Starting a Linux Guest Configured with an AP Matrix:
448 ===================================================
449 To provide a mediated matrix device for use by a guest, the following option
450 must be specified on the QEMU command line:
452 -device vfio_ap,sysfsdev=$path-to-mdev
454 The sysfsdev parameter specifies the path to the mediated matrix device.
455 There are a number of ways to specify this path:
457 /sys/devices/vfio_ap/matrix/$uuid
458 /sys/bus/mdev/devices/$uuid
459 /sys/bus/mdev/drivers/vfio_mdev/$uuid
460 /sys/devices/vfio_ap/matrix/mdev_supported_types/vfio_ap-passthrough/devices/$uuid
462 When the linux guest is started, the guest will open the mediated
463 matrix device's file descriptor to get information about the mediated matrix
464 device. The vfio_ap device driver will update the APM, AQM, and ADM fields in
465 the guest's CRYCB with the adapter, usage domain and control domains assigned
466 via the mediated matrix device's sysfs attribute files. Programs running on the
467 linux guest will then:
469 1. Have direct access to the APQNs derived from the cross product of the AP
470 adapter numbers (APID) and queue indexes (APQI) specified in the APM and AQM
471 fields of the guests's CRYCB respectively. These APQNs identify the AP queues
472 that are valid for use by the guest; meaning, AP commands can be sent by the
473 guest to any of these queues for processing.
475 2. Have authorization to process AP commands to change a control domain
476 identified in the ADM field of the guest's CRYCB. The AP command must be sent
477 to a valid APQN (see 1 above).
481 Three CPU model features are available for controlling guest access to AP
484 1. AP facilities feature
486 The AP facilities feature indicates that AP facilities are installed on the
487 guest. This feature will be exposed for use only if the AP facilities
488 are installed on the host system. The feature is s390-specific and is
489 represented as a parameter of the -cpu option on the QEMU command line:
491 qemu-system-s390x -cpu $model,ap=on|off
495 $model is the CPU model defined for the guest (defaults to the model of
496 the host system if not specified).
498 ap=on|off indicates whether AP facilities are installed (on) or not
499 (off). The default for CPU models zEC12 or newer
500 is ap=on. AP facilities must be installed on the guest if a
501 vfio-ap device (-device vfio-ap,sysfsdev=$path) is configured
502 for the guest, or the guest will fail to start.
504 2. Query Configuration Information (QCI) facility
506 The QCI facility is used by the AP bus running on the guest to query the
507 configuration of the AP facilities. This facility will be available
508 only if the QCI facility is installed on the host system. The feature is
509 s390-specific and is represented as a parameter of the -cpu option on the
512 qemu-system-s390x -cpu $model,apqci=on|off
516 $model is the CPU model defined for the guest
518 apqci=on|off indicates whether the QCI facility is installed (on) or
519 not (off). The default for CPU models zEC12 or newer
520 is apqci=on; for older models, QCI will not be installed.
522 If QCI is installed (apqci=on) but AP facilities are not
523 (ap=off), an error message will be logged, but the guest
524 will be allowed to start. It makes no sense to have QCI
525 installed if the AP facilities are not; this is considered
526 an invalid configuration.
528 If the QCI facility is not installed, APQNs with an APQI
529 greater than 15 will not be detected by the AP bus
530 running on the guest.
532 3. Adjunct Process Facility Test (APFT) facility
534 The APFT facility is used by the AP bus running on the guest to test the
535 AP facilities available for a given AP queue. This facility will be available
536 only if the APFT facility is installed on the host system. The feature is
537 s390-specific and is represented as a parameter of the -cpu option on the
540 qemu-system-s390x -cpu $model,apft=on|off
544 $model is the CPU model defined for the guest (defaults to the model of
545 the host system if not specified).
547 apft=on|off indicates whether the APFT facility is installed (on) or
548 not (off). The default for CPU models zEC12 and
549 newer is apft=on for older models, APFT will not be
552 If APFT is installed (apft=on) but AP facilities are not
553 (ap=off), an error message will be logged, but the guest
554 will be allowed to start. It makes no sense to have APFT
555 installed if the AP facilities are not; this is considered
556 an invalid configuration.
558 It also makes no sense to turn APFT off because the AP bus
559 running on the guest will not detect CEX4 and newer devices
560 without it. Since only CEX4 and newer devices are supported
561 for guest usage, no AP devices can be made accessible to a
562 guest started without APFT installed.
564 Hot plug a vfio-ap device into a running guest:
565 ==============================================
566 Only one vfio-ap device can be attached to the virtual machine's ap-bus, so a
567 vfio-ap device can be hot plugged if and only if no vfio-ap device is attached
568 to the bus already, whether via the QEMU command line or a prior hot plug
571 To hot plug a vfio-ap device, use the QEMU device_add command:
573 (qemu) device_add vfio-ap,sysfsdev="$path-to-mdev"
575 Where the '$path-to-mdev' value specifies the absolute path to a mediated
576 device to which AP resources to be used by the guest have been assigned.
578 Note that on Linux guests, the AP devices will be created in the
579 /sys/bus/ap/devices directory when the AP bus subsequently performs its periodic
580 scan, so there may be a short delay before the AP devices are accessible on the
583 The command will fail if:
585 * A vfio-ap device has already been attached to the virtual machine's ap-bus.
587 * The CPU model features for controlling guest access to AP facilities are not
588 enabled (see 'CPU model features' subsection in the previous section).
590 Hot unplug a vfio-ap device from a running guest:
591 ================================================
592 A vfio-ap device can be unplugged from a running KVM guest if a vfio-ap device
593 has been attached to the virtual machine's ap-bus via the QEMU command line
594 or a prior hot plug action.
596 To hot unplug a vfio-ap device, use the QEMU device_del command:
598 (qemu) device_del vfio-ap,sysfsdev="$path-to-mdev"
600 Where $path-to-mdev is the same as the path specified when the vfio-ap
601 device was attached to the virtual machine's ap-bus.
603 On a Linux guest, the AP devices will be removed from the /sys/bus/ap/devices
604 directory on the guest when the AP bus subsequently performs its periodic scan,
605 so there may be a short delay before the AP devices are no longer accessible by
608 The command will fail if the $path-to-mdev specified on the device_del command
609 does not match the value specified when the vfio-ap device was attached to
610 the virtual machine's ap-bus.
612 Example: Configure AP Matrixes for Three Linux Guests:
613 =====================================================
614 Let's now provide an example to illustrate how KVM guests may be given
615 access to AP facilities. For this example, we will show how to configure
616 three guests such that executing the lszcrypt command on the guests would
621 CARD.DOMAIN TYPE MODE
622 ------------------------------
624 05.0004 CEX5C CCA-Coproc
625 05.00ab CEX5C CCA-Coproc
627 06.0004 CEX5A Accelerator
628 06.00ab CEX5C CCA-Coproc
632 CARD.DOMAIN TYPE MODE
633 ------------------------------
635 05.0047 CEX5A Accelerator
636 05.00ff CEX5A Accelerator (5,4), (5,171), (6,4), (6,171),
640 CARD.DOMAIN TYPE MODE
641 ------------------------------
643 06.0047 CEX5A Accelerator
644 06.00ff CEX5A Accelerator
648 1. Install the vfio_ap module on the linux host. The dependency chain for the
658 To build the vfio_ap module, the kernel build must be configured with the
659 following Kconfig elements selected:
669 If using make menuconfig select the following to build the vfio_ap module:
671 -> IOMMU Hardware Support
672 select S390 AP IOMMU Support
673 -> VFIO Non-Privileged userspace driver framework
674 -> Mediated device driver framework
675 -> VFIO driver for Mediated devices
677 -> VFIO support for AP devices
679 2. Secure the AP queues to be used by the three guests so that the host can not
680 access them. To secure the AP queues 05.0004, 05.0047, 05.00ab, 05.00ff,
681 06.0004, 06.0047, 06.00ab, and 06.00ff for use by the vfio_ap device driver,
682 the corresponding APQNs must be removed from the default queue drivers pool
685 echo -5,-6 > /sys/bus/ap/apmask
687 echo -4,-0x47,-0xab,-0xff > /sys/bus/ap/aqmask
689 This will result in AP queues 05.0004, 05.0047, 05.00ab, 05.00ff, 06.0004,
690 06.0047, 06.00ab, and 06.00ff getting bound to the vfio_ap device driver. The
691 sysfs directory for the vfio_ap device driver will now contain symbolic links
692 to the AP queue devices bound to it:
706 Keep in mind that only type 10 and newer adapters (i.e., CEX4 and later)
707 can be bound to the vfio_ap device driver. The reason for this is to
708 simplify the implementation by not needlessly complicating the design by
709 supporting older devices that will go out of service in the relatively near
710 future, and for which there are few older systems on which to test.
712 The administrator, therefore, must take care to secure only AP queues that
713 can be bound to the vfio_ap device driver. The device type for a given AP
714 queue device can be read from the parent card's sysfs directory. For example,
715 to see the hardware type of the queue 05.0004:
717 cat /sys/bus/ap/devices/card05/hwtype
719 The hwtype must be 10 or higher (CEX4 or newer) in order to be bound to the
720 vfio_ap device driver.
722 3. Create the mediated devices needed to configure the AP matrixes for the
723 three guests and to provide an interface to the vfio_ap driver for
726 /sys/devices/vfio_ap/matrix/
727 --- [mdev_supported_types]
728 ------ [vfio_ap-passthrough] (passthrough mediated matrix device type)
732 To create the mediated devices for the three guests:
744 This will create three mediated devices in the [devices] subdirectory named
745 after the UUID used to create the mediated device. We'll call them $uuid1,
746 $uuid2 and $uuid3 and this is the sysfs directory structure after creation:
748 /sys/devices/vfio_ap/matrix/
749 --- [mdev_supported_types]
750 ------ [vfio_ap-passthrough]
752 ------------ [$uuid1]
753 --------------- assign_adapter
754 --------------- assign_control_domain
755 --------------- assign_domain
756 --------------- matrix
757 --------------- unassign_adapter
758 --------------- unassign_control_domain
759 --------------- unassign_domain
761 ------------ [$uuid2]
762 --------------- assign_adapter
763 --------------- assign_control_domain
764 --------------- assign_domain
765 --------------- matrix
766 --------------- unassign_adapter
767 ----------------unassign_control_domain
768 ----------------unassign_domain
770 ------------ [$uuid3]
771 --------------- assign_adapter
772 --------------- assign_control_domain
773 --------------- assign_domain
774 --------------- matrix
775 --------------- unassign_adapter
776 ----------------unassign_control_domain
777 ----------------unassign_domain
779 4. The administrator now needs to configure the matrixes for the mediated
780 devices $uuid1 (for Guest1), $uuid2 (for Guest2) and $uuid3 (for Guest3).
782 This is how the matrix is configured for Guest1:
784 echo 5 > assign_adapter
785 echo 6 > assign_adapter
786 echo 4 > assign_domain
787 echo 0xab > assign_domain
789 Control domains can similarly be assigned using the assign_control_domain
792 If a mistake is made configuring an adapter, domain or control domain,
793 you can use the unassign_xxx interfaces to unassign the adapter, domain or
796 To display the matrix configuration for Guest1:
800 The output will display the APQNs in the format xx.yyyy, where xx is
801 the adapter number and yyyy is the domain number. The output for Guest1
809 This is how the matrix is configured for Guest2:
811 echo 5 > assign_adapter
812 echo 0x47 > assign_domain
813 echo 0xff > assign_domain
815 This is how the matrix is configured for Guest3:
817 echo 6 > assign_adapter
818 echo 0x47 > assign_domain
819 echo 0xff > assign_domain
823 /usr/bin/qemu-system-s390x ... -cpu host,ap=on,apqci=on,apft=on \
824 -device vfio-ap,sysfsdev=/sys/devices/vfio_ap/matrix/$uuid1 ...
828 /usr/bin/qemu-system-s390x ... -cpu host,ap=on,apqci=on,apft=on \
829 -device vfio-ap,sysfsdev=/sys/devices/vfio_ap/matrix/$uuid2 ...
833 /usr/bin/qemu-system-s390x ... -cpu host,ap=on,apqci=on,apft=on \
834 -device vfio-ap,sysfsdev=/sys/devices/vfio_ap/matrix/$uuid3 ...
836 When the guest is shut down, the mediated matrix devices may be removed.
838 Using our example again, to remove the mediated matrix device $uuid1:
840 /sys/devices/vfio_ap/matrix/
841 --- [mdev_supported_types]
842 ------ [vfio_ap-passthrough]
844 ------------ [$uuid1]
845 --------------- remove
850 This will remove all of the mdev matrix device's sysfs structures including
851 the mdev device itself. To recreate and reconfigure the mdev matrix device,
852 all of the steps starting with step 3 will have to be performed again. Note
853 that the remove will fail if a guest using the mdev is still running.
855 It is not necessary to remove an mdev matrix device, but one may want to
856 remove it if no guest will use it during the remaining lifetime of the linux
857 host. If the mdev matrix device is removed, one may want to also reconfigure
858 the pool of adapters and queues reserved for use by the default drivers.
862 * The KVM/kernel interfaces do not provide a way to prevent restoring an APQN
863 to the default drivers pool of a queue that is still assigned to a mediated
864 device in use by a guest. It is incumbent upon the administrator to
865 ensure there is no mediated device in use by a guest to which the APQN is
866 assigned lest the host be given access to the private data of the AP queue
867 device, such as a private key configured specifically for the guest.
869 * Dynamically assigning AP resources to or unassigning AP resources from a
870 mediated matrix device - see 'Configuring an AP matrix for a linux guest'
871 section above - while a running guest is using it is currently not supported.
873 * Live guest migration is not supported for guests using AP devices. If a guest
874 is using AP devices, the vfio-ap device configured for the guest must be
875 unplugged before migrating the guest (see 'Hot unplug a vfio-ap device from a
876 running guest' section above.