qemu-nbd.c

   1 /*
   2  *  Copyright (C) 2005  Anthony Liguori <anthony@codemonkey.ws>
   3  *
   4  *  Network Block Device
   5  *
   6  *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   7  *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   8  *  the Free Software Foundation; under version 2 of the License.
   9  *
  10  *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  11  *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  12  *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  13  *  GNU General Public License for more details.
  14  *
  15  *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  16  *  along with this program; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  17  */
  18
  19 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
  20 #include <getopt.h>
  21 #include <libgen.h>
  22 #include <pthread.h>
  23
  24 #include "qemu-common.h"
  25 #include "qapi/error.h"
  26 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
  27 #include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
  28 #include "block/block_int.h"
  29 #include "block/nbd.h"
  30 #include "qemu/main-loop.h"
  31 #include "qemu/module.h"
  32 #include "qemu/option.h"
  33 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
  34 #include "qemu/config-file.h"
  35 #include "qemu/bswap.h"
  36 #include "qemu/log.h"
  37 #include "qemu/systemd.h"
  38 #include "block/snapshot.h"
  39 #include "qapi/qmp/qdict.h"
  40 #include "qapi/qmp/qstring.h"
  41 #include "qom/object_interfaces.h"
  42 #include "io/channel-socket.h"
  43 #include "io/net-listener.h"
  44 #include "crypto/init.h"
  45 #include "trace/control.h"
  46 #include "qemu-version.h"
  47
  48 #ifdef __linux__
  49 #define HAVE_NBD_DEVICE 1
  50 #else
  51 #define HAVE_NBD_DEVICE 0
  52 #endif
  53
  54 #define SOCKET_PATH                "/var/lock/qemu-nbd-%s"
  55 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_CACHE         256
  56 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_AIO           257
  57 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_DISCARD       258
  58 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_DETECT_ZEROES 259
  59 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_OBJECT        260
  60 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_TLSCREDS      261
  61 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_IMAGE_OPTS    262
  62 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_FORK          263
  63 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_TLSAUTHZ      264
  64 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_PID_FILE      265
  65
  66 #define MBR_SIZE 512
  67
  68 static int verbose;
  69 static char *srcpath;
  70 static SocketAddress *saddr;
  71 static int persistent = 0;
  72 static enum { RUNNING, TERMINATE, TERMINATED } state;
  73 static int shared = 1;
  74 static int nb_fds;
  75 static QIONetListener *server;
  76 static QCryptoTLSCreds *tlscreds;
  77 static const char *tlsauthz;
  78
  79 static void usage(const char *name)
  80 {
  81     (printf) (
  82 "Usage: %s [OPTIONS] FILE\n"
  83 "  or:  %s -L [OPTIONS]\n"
  84 "QEMU Disk Network Block Device Utility\n"
  85 "\n"
  86 "  -h, --help                display this help and exit\n"
  87 "  -V, --version             output version information and exit\n"
  88 "\n"
  89 "Connection properties:\n"
  90 "  -p, --port=PORT           port to listen on (default `%d')\n"
  91 "  -b, --bind=IFACE          interface to bind to (default `0.0.0.0')\n"
  92 "  -k, --socket=PATH         path to the unix socket\n"
  93 "                            (default '"SOCKET_PATH"')\n"
  94 "  -e, --shared=NUM          device can be shared by NUM clients (default '1')\n"
  95 "  -t, --persistent          don't exit on the last connection\n"
  96 "  -v, --verbose             display extra debugging information\n"
  97 "  -x, --export-name=NAME    expose export by name (default is empty string)\n"
  98 "  -D, --description=TEXT    export a human-readable description\n"
  99 "\n"
 100 "Exposing part of the image:\n"
 101 "  -o, --offset=OFFSET       offset into the image\n"
 102 "  -B, --bitmap=NAME         expose a persistent dirty bitmap\n"
 103 "\n"
 104 "General purpose options:\n"
 105 "  -L, --list                list exports available from another NBD server\n"
 106 "  --object type,id=ID,...   define an object such as 'secret' for providing\n"
 107 "                            passwords and/or encryption keys\n"
 108 "  --tls-creds=ID            use id of an earlier --object to provide TLS\n"
 109 "  --tls-authz=ID            use id of an earlier --object to provide\n"
 110 "                            authorization\n"
 111 "  -T, --trace [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]\n"
 112 "                            specify tracing options\n"
 113 "  --fork                    fork off the server process and exit the parent\n"
 114 "                            once the server is running\n"
 115 "  --pid-file=PATH           store the server's process ID in the given file\n"
 116 #if HAVE_NBD_DEVICE
 117 "\n"
 118 "Kernel NBD client support:\n"
 119 "  -c, --connect=DEV         connect FILE to the local NBD device DEV\n"
 120 "  -d, --disconnect          disconnect the specified device\n"
 121 #endif
 122 "\n"
 123 "Block device options:\n"
 124 "  -f, --format=FORMAT       set image format (raw, qcow2, ...)\n"
 125 "  -r, --read-only           export read-only\n"
 126 "  -s, --snapshot            use FILE as an external snapshot, create a temporary\n"
 127 "                            file with backing_file=FILE, redirect the write to\n"
 128 "                            the temporary one\n"
 129 "  -l, --load-snapshot=SNAPSHOT_PARAM\n"
 130 "                            load an internal snapshot inside FILE and export it\n"
 131 "                            as an read-only device, SNAPSHOT_PARAM format is\n"
 132 "                            'snapshot.id=[ID],snapshot.name=[NAME]', or\n"
 133 "                            '[ID_OR_NAME]'\n"
 134 "  -n, --nocache             disable host cache\n"
 135 "      --cache=MODE          set cache mode (none, writeback, ...)\n"
 136 "      --aio=MODE            set AIO mode (native, io_uring or threads)\n"
 137 "      --discard=MODE        set discard mode (ignore, unmap)\n"
 138 "      --detect-zeroes=MODE  set detect-zeroes mode (off, on, unmap)\n"
 139 "      --image-opts          treat FILE as a full set of image options\n"
 140 "\n"
 141 QEMU_HELP_BOTTOM "\n"
 142     , name, name, NBD_DEFAULT_PORT, "DEVICE");
 143 }
 144
 145 static void version(const char *name)
 146 {
 147     printf(
 148 "%s " QEMU_FULL_VERSION "\n"
 149 "Written by Anthony Liguori.\n"
 150 "\n"
 151 QEMU_COPYRIGHT "\n"
 152 "This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO\n"
 153 "warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.\n"
 154     , name);
 155 }
 156
 157 #if HAVE_NBD_DEVICE
 158 static void termsig_handler(int signum)
 159 {
 160     qatomic_cmpxchg(&state, RUNNING, TERMINATE);
 161     qemu_notify_event();
 162 }
 163 #endif /* HAVE_NBD_DEVICE */
 164
 165 static int qemu_nbd_client_list(SocketAddress *saddr, QCryptoTLSCreds *tls,
 166                                 const char *hostname)
 167 {
 168     int ret = EXIT_FAILURE;
 169     int rc;
 170     Error *err = NULL;
 171     QIOChannelSocket *sioc;
 172     NBDExportInfo *list;
 173     int i, j;
 174
 175     sioc = qio_channel_socket_new();
 176     if (qio_channel_socket_connect_sync(sioc, saddr, &err) < 0) {
 177         error_report_err(err);
 178         return EXIT_FAILURE;
 179     }
 180     rc = nbd_receive_export_list(QIO_CHANNEL(sioc), tls, hostname, &list,
 181                                  &err);
 182     if (rc < 0) {
 183         if (err) {
 184             error_report_err(err);
 185         }
 186         goto out;
 187     }
 188     printf("exports available: %d\n", rc);
 189     for (i = 0; i < rc; i++) {
 190         printf(" export: '%s'\n", list[i].name);
 191         if (list[i].description && *list[i].description) {
 192             printf("  description: %s\n", list[i].description);
 193         }
 194         if (list[i].flags & NBD_FLAG_HAS_FLAGS) {
 195             static const char *const flag_names[] = {
 196                 [NBD_FLAG_READ_ONLY_BIT]            = "readonly",
 197                 [NBD_FLAG_SEND_FLUSH_BIT]           = "flush",
 198                 [NBD_FLAG_SEND_FUA_BIT]             = "fua",
 199                 [NBD_FLAG_ROTATIONAL_BIT]           = "rotational",
 200                 [NBD_FLAG_SEND_TRIM_BIT]            = "trim",
 201                 [NBD_FLAG_SEND_WRITE_ZEROES_BIT]    = "zeroes",
 202                 [NBD_FLAG_SEND_DF_BIT]              = "df",
 203                 [NBD_FLAG_CAN_MULTI_CONN_BIT]       = "multi",
 204                 [NBD_FLAG_SEND_RESIZE_BIT]          = "resize",
 205                 [NBD_FLAG_SEND_CACHE_BIT]           = "cache",
 206                 [NBD_FLAG_SEND_FAST_ZERO_BIT]       = "fast-zero",
 207             };
 208
 209             printf("  size:  %" PRIu64 "\n", list[i].size);
 210             printf("  flags: 0x%x (", list[i].flags);
 211             for (size_t bit = 0; bit < ARRAY_SIZE(flag_names); bit++) {
 212                 if (flag_names[bit] && (list[i].flags & (1 << bit))) {
 213                     printf(" %s", flag_names[bit]);
 214                 }
 215             }
 216             printf(" )\n");
 217         }
 218         if (list[i].min_block) {
 219             printf("  min block: %u\n", list[i].min_block);
 220             printf("  opt block: %u\n", list[i].opt_block);
 221             printf("  max block: %u\n", list[i].max_block);
 222         }
 223         if (list[i].n_contexts) {
 224             printf("  available meta contexts: %d\n", list[i].n_contexts);
 225             for (j = 0; j < list[i].n_contexts; j++) {
 226                 printf("   %s\n", list[i].contexts[j]);
 227             }
 228         }
 229     }
 230     nbd_free_export_list(list, rc);
 231
 232     ret = EXIT_SUCCESS;
 233  out:
 234     object_unref(OBJECT(sioc));
 235     return ret;
 236 }
 237
 238
 239 #if HAVE_NBD_DEVICE
 240 static void *show_parts(void *arg)
 241 {
 242     char *device = arg;
 243     int nbd;
 244
 245     /* linux just needs an open() to trigger
 246      * the partition table update
 247      * but remember to load the module with max_part != 0 :
 248      *     modprobe nbd max_part=63
 249      */
 250     nbd = open(device, O_RDWR);
 251     if (nbd >= 0) {
 252         close(nbd);
 253     }
 254     return NULL;
 255 }
 256
 257 static void *nbd_client_thread(void *arg)
 258 {
 259     char *device = arg;
 260     NBDExportInfo info = { .request_sizes = false, .name = g_strdup("") };
 261     QIOChannelSocket *sioc;
 262     int fd;
 263     int ret;
 264     pthread_t show_parts_thread;
 265     Error *local_error = NULL;
 266
 267     sioc = qio_channel_socket_new();
 268     if (qio_channel_socket_connect_sync(sioc,
 269                                         saddr,
 270                                         &local_error) < 0) {
 271         error_report_err(local_error);
 272         goto out;
 273     }
 274
 275     ret = nbd_receive_negotiate(NULL, QIO_CHANNEL(sioc),
 276                                 NULL, NULL, NULL, &info, &local_error);
 277     if (ret < 0) {
 278         if (local_error) {
 279             error_report_err(local_error);
 280         }
 281         goto out_socket;
 282     }
 283
 284     fd = open(device, O_RDWR);
 285     if (fd < 0) {
 286         /* Linux-only, we can use %m in printf.  */
 287         error_report("Failed to open %s: %m", device);
 288         goto out_socket;
 289     }
 290
 291     ret = nbd_init(fd, sioc, &info, &local_error);
 292     if (ret < 0) {
 293         error_report_err(local_error);
 294         goto out_fd;
 295     }
 296
 297     /* update partition table */
 298     pthread_create(&show_parts_thread, NULL, show_parts, device);
 299
 300     if (verbose) {
 301         fprintf(stderr, "NBD device %s is now connected to %s\n",
 302                 device, srcpath);
 303     } else {
 304         /* Close stderr so that the qemu-nbd process exits.  */
 305         dup2(STDOUT_FILENO, STDERR_FILENO);
 306     }
 307
 308     ret = nbd_client(fd);
 309     if (ret) {
 310         goto out_fd;
 311     }
 312     close(fd);
 313     object_unref(OBJECT(sioc));
 314     g_free(info.name);
 315     kill(getpid(), SIGTERM);
 316     return (void *) EXIT_SUCCESS;
 317
 318 out_fd:
 319     close(fd);
 320 out_socket:
 321     object_unref(OBJECT(sioc));
 322 out:
 323     g_free(info.name);
 324     kill(getpid(), SIGTERM);
 325     return (void *) EXIT_FAILURE;
 326 }
 327 #endif /* HAVE_NBD_DEVICE */
 328
 329 static int nbd_can_accept(void)
 330 {
 331     return state == RUNNING && nb_fds < shared;
 332 }
 333
 334 static void nbd_update_server_watch(void);
 335
 336 static void nbd_client_closed(NBDClient *client, bool negotiated)
 337 {
 338     nb_fds--;
 339     if (negotiated && nb_fds == 0 && !persistent && state == RUNNING) {
 340         state = TERMINATE;
 341     }
 342     nbd_update_server_watch();
 343     nbd_client_put(client);
 344 }
 345
 346 static void nbd_accept(QIONetListener *listener, QIOChannelSocket *cioc,
 347                        gpointer opaque)
 348 {
 349     if (state >= TERMINATE) {
 350         return;
 351     }
 352
 353     nb_fds++;
 354     nbd_update_server_watch();
 355     nbd_client_new(cioc, tlscreds, tlsauthz, nbd_client_closed);
 356 }
 357
 358 static void nbd_update_server_watch(void)
 359 {
 360     if (nbd_can_accept()) {
 361         qio_net_listener_set_client_func(server, nbd_accept, NULL, NULL);
 362     } else {
 363         qio_net_listener_set_client_func(server, NULL, NULL, NULL);
 364     }
 365 }
 366
 367
 368 static SocketAddress *nbd_build_socket_address(const char *sockpath,
 369                                                const char *bindto,
 370                                                const char *port)
 371 {
 372     SocketAddress *saddr;
 373
 374     saddr = g_new0(SocketAddress, 1);
 375     if (sockpath) {
 376         saddr->type = SOCKET_ADDRESS_TYPE_UNIX;
 377         saddr->u.q_unix.path = g_strdup(sockpath);
 378     } else {
 379         InetSocketAddress *inet;
 380         saddr->type = SOCKET_ADDRESS_TYPE_INET;
 381         inet = &saddr->u.inet;
 382         inet->host = g_strdup(bindto);
 383         if (port) {
 384             inet->port = g_strdup(port);
 385         } else  {
 386             inet->port = g_strdup_printf("%d", NBD_DEFAULT_PORT);
 387         }
 388     }
 389
 390     return saddr;
 391 }
 392
 393
 394 static QemuOptsList file_opts = {
 395     .name = "file",
 396     .implied_opt_name = "file",
 397     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(file_opts.head),
 398     .desc = {
 399         /* no elements => accept any params */
 400         { /* end of list */ }
 401     },
 402 };
 403
 404 static QemuOptsList qemu_object_opts = {
 405     .name = "object",
 406     .implied_opt_name = "qom-type",
 407     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_object_opts.head),
 408     .desc = {
 409         { }
 410     },
 411 };
 412
 413 static bool qemu_nbd_object_print_help(const char *type, QemuOpts *opts)
 414 {
 415     if (user_creatable_print_help(type, opts)) {
 416         exit(0);
 417     }
 418     return true;
 419 }
 420
 421
 422 static QCryptoTLSCreds *nbd_get_tls_creds(const char *id, bool list,
 423                                           Error **errp)
 424 {
 425     Object *obj;
 426     QCryptoTLSCreds *creds;
 427
 428     obj = object_resolve_path_component(
 429         object_get_objects_root(), id);
 430     if (!obj) {
 431         error_setg(errp, "No TLS credentials with id '%s'",
 432                    id);
 433         return NULL;
 434     }
 435     creds = (QCryptoTLSCreds *)
 436         object_dynamic_cast(obj, TYPE_QCRYPTO_TLS_CREDS);
 437     if (!creds) {
 438         error_setg(errp, "Object with id '%s' is not TLS credentials",
 439                    id);
 440         return NULL;
 441     }
 442
 443     if (list) {
 444         if (creds->endpoint != QCRYPTO_TLS_CREDS_ENDPOINT_CLIENT) {
 445             error_setg(errp,
 446                        "Expecting TLS credentials with a client endpoint");
 447             return NULL;
 448         }
 449     } else {
 450         if (creds->endpoint != QCRYPTO_TLS_CREDS_ENDPOINT_SERVER) {
 451             error_setg(errp,
 452                        "Expecting TLS credentials with a server endpoint");
 453             return NULL;
 454         }
 455     }
 456     object_ref(obj);
 457     return creds;
 458 }
 459
 460 static void setup_address_and_port(const char **address, const char **port)
 461 {
 462     if (*address == NULL) {
 463         *address = "0.0.0.0";
 464     }
 465
 466     if (*port == NULL) {
 467         *port = stringify(NBD_DEFAULT_PORT);
 468     }
 469 }
 470
 471 /*
 472  * Check socket parameters compatibility when socket activation is used.
 473  */
 474 static const char *socket_activation_validate_opts(const char *device,
 475                                                    const char *sockpath,
 476                                                    const char *address,
 477                                                    const char *port,
 478                                                    bool list)
 479 {
 480     if (device != NULL) {
 481         return "NBD device can't be set when using socket activation";
 482     }
 483
 484     if (sockpath != NULL) {
 485         return "Unix socket can't be set when using socket activation";
 486     }
 487
 488     if (address != NULL) {
 489         return "The interface can't be set when using socket activation";
 490     }
 491
 492     if (port != NULL) {
 493         return "TCP port number can't be set when using socket activation";
 494     }
 495
 496     if (list) {
 497         return "List mode is incompatible with socket activation";
 498     }
 499
 500     return NULL;
 501 }
 502
 503 static void qemu_nbd_shutdown(void)
 504 {
 505     job_cancel_sync_all();
 506     bdrv_close_all();
 507 }
 508
 509 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 510 {
 511     BlockBackend *blk;
 512     BlockDriverState *bs;
 513     uint64_t dev_offset = 0;
 514     bool readonly = false;
 515     bool disconnect = false;
 516     const char *bindto = NULL;
 517     const char *port = NULL;
 518     char *sockpath = NULL;
 519     char *device = NULL;
 520     QemuOpts *sn_opts = NULL;
 521     const char *sn_id_or_name = NULL;
 522     const char *sopt = "hVb:o:p:rsnc:dvk:e:f:tl:x:T:D:B:L";
 523     struct option lopt[] = {
 524         { "help", no_argument, NULL, 'h' },
 525         { "version", no_argument, NULL, 'V' },
 526         { "bind", required_argument, NULL, 'b' },
 527         { "port", required_argument, NULL, 'p' },
 528         { "socket", required_argument, NULL, 'k' },
 529         { "offset", required_argument, NULL, 'o' },
 530         { "read-only", no_argument, NULL, 'r' },
 531         { "bitmap", required_argument, NULL, 'B' },
 532         { "connect", required_argument, NULL, 'c' },
 533         { "disconnect", no_argument, NULL, 'd' },
 534         { "list", no_argument, NULL, 'L' },
 535         { "snapshot", no_argument, NULL, 's' },
 536         { "load-snapshot", required_argument, NULL, 'l' },
 537         { "nocache", no_argument, NULL, 'n' },
 538         { "cache", required_argument, NULL, QEMU_NBD_OPT_CACHE },
 539         { "aio", required_argument, NULL, QEMU_NBD_OPT_AIO },
 540         { "discard", required_argument, NULL, QEMU_NBD_OPT_DISCARD },
 541         { "detect-zeroes", required_argument, NULL,
 542           QEMU_NBD_OPT_DETECT_ZEROES },
 543         { "shared", required_argument, NULL, 'e' },
 544         { "format", required_argument, NULL, 'f' },
 545         { "persistent", no_argument, NULL, 't' },
 546         { "verbose", no_argument, NULL, 'v' },
 547         { "object", required_argument, NULL, QEMU_NBD_OPT_OBJECT },
 548         { "export-name", required_argument, NULL, 'x' },
 549         { "description", required_argument, NULL, 'D' },
 550         { "tls-creds", required_argument, NULL, QEMU_NBD_OPT_TLSCREDS },
 551         { "tls-authz", required_argument, NULL, QEMU_NBD_OPT_TLSAUTHZ },
 552         { "image-opts", no_argument, NULL, QEMU_NBD_OPT_IMAGE_OPTS },
 553         { "trace", required_argument, NULL, 'T' },
 554         { "fork", no_argument, NULL, QEMU_NBD_OPT_FORK },
 555         { "pid-file", required_argument, NULL, QEMU_NBD_OPT_PID_FILE },
 556         { NULL, 0, NULL, 0 }
 557     };
 558     int ch;
 559     int opt_ind = 0;
 560     int flags = BDRV_O_RDWR;
 561     int ret = 0;
 562     bool seen_cache = false;
 563     bool seen_discard = false;
 564     bool seen_aio = false;
 565     pthread_t client_thread;
 566     const char *fmt = NULL;
 567     Error *local_err = NULL;
 568     BlockdevDetectZeroesOptions detect_zeroes = BLOCKDEV_DETECT_ZEROES_OPTIONS_OFF;
 569     QDict *options = NULL;
 570     const char *export_name = NULL; /* defaults to "" later for server mode */
 571     const char *export_description = NULL;
 572     const char *bitmap = NULL;
 573     const char *tlscredsid = NULL;
 574     bool imageOpts = false;
 575     bool writethrough = true;
 576     char *trace_file = NULL;
 577     bool fork_process = false;
 578     bool list = false;
 579     int old_stderr = -1;
 580     unsigned socket_activation;
 581     const char *pid_file_name = NULL;
 582     BlockExportOptions *export_opts;
 583
 584 #if HAVE_NBD_DEVICE
 585     /* The client thread uses SIGTERM to interrupt the server.  A signal
 586      * handler ensures that "qemu-nbd -v -c" exits with a nice status code.
 587      */
 588     struct sigaction sa_sigterm;
 589     memset(&sa_sigterm, 0, sizeof(sa_sigterm));
 590     sa_sigterm.sa_handler = termsig_handler;
 591     sigaction(SIGTERM, &sa_sigterm, NULL);
 592 #endif /* HAVE_NBD_DEVICE */
 593
 594 #ifdef CONFIG_POSIX
 595     signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
 596 #endif
 597
 598     socket_init();
 599     error_init(argv[0]);
 600     module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_TRACE);
 601     qcrypto_init(&error_fatal);
 602
 603     module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_QOM);
 604     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_object_opts);
 605     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_trace_opts);
 606     qemu_init_exec_dir(argv[0]);
 607
 608     while ((ch = getopt_long(argc, argv, sopt, lopt, &opt_ind)) != -1) {
 609         switch (ch) {
 610         case 's':
 611             flags |= BDRV_O_SNAPSHOT;
 612             break;
 613         case 'n':
 614             optarg = (char *) "none";
 615             /* fallthrough */
 616         case QEMU_NBD_OPT_CACHE:
 617             if (seen_cache) {
 618                 error_report("-n and --cache can only be specified once");
 619                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 620             }
 621             seen_cache = true;
 622             if (bdrv_parse_cache_mode(optarg, &flags, &writethrough) == -1) {
 623                 error_report("Invalid cache mode `%s'", optarg);
 624                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 625             }
 626             break;
 627         case QEMU_NBD_OPT_AIO:
 628             if (seen_aio) {
 629                 error_report("--aio can only be specified once");
 630                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 631             }
 632             seen_aio = true;
 633             if (bdrv_parse_aio(optarg, &flags) < 0) {
 634                 error_report("Invalid aio mode '%s'", optarg);
 635                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 636             }
 637             break;
 638         case QEMU_NBD_OPT_DISCARD:
 639             if (seen_discard) {
 640                 error_report("--discard can only be specified once");
 641                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 642             }
 643             seen_discard = true;
 644             if (bdrv_parse_discard_flags(optarg, &flags) == -1) {
 645                 error_report("Invalid discard mode `%s'", optarg);
 646                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 647             }
 648             break;
 649         case QEMU_NBD_OPT_DETECT_ZEROES:
 650             detect_zeroes =
 651                 qapi_enum_parse(&BlockdevDetectZeroesOptions_lookup,
 652                                 optarg,
 653                                 BLOCKDEV_DETECT_ZEROES_OPTIONS_OFF,
 654                                 &local_err);
 655             if (local_err) {
 656                 error_reportf_err(local_err,
 657                                   "Failed to parse detect_zeroes mode: ");
 658                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 659             }
 660             if (detect_zeroes == BLOCKDEV_DETECT_ZEROES_OPTIONS_UNMAP &&
 661                 !(flags & BDRV_O_UNMAP)) {
 662                 error_report("setting detect-zeroes to unmap is not allowed "
 663                              "without setting discard operation to unmap");
 664                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 665             }
 666             break;
 667         case 'b':
 668             bindto = optarg;
 669             break;
 670         case 'p':
 671             port = optarg;
 672             break;
 673         case 'o':
 674             if (qemu_strtou64(optarg, NULL, 0, &dev_offset) < 0) {
 675                 error_report("Invalid offset '%s'", optarg);
 676                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 677             }
 678             break;
 679         case 'l':
 680             if (strstart(optarg, SNAPSHOT_OPT_BASE, NULL)) {
 681                 sn_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&internal_snapshot_opts,
 682                                                   optarg, false);
 683                 if (!sn_opts) {
 684                     error_report("Failed in parsing snapshot param `%s'",
 685                                  optarg);
 686                     exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 687                 }
 688             } else {
 689                 sn_id_or_name = optarg;
 690             }
 691             /* fall through */
 692         case 'r':
 693             readonly = true;
 694             flags &= ~BDRV_O_RDWR;
 695             break;
 696         case 'B':
 697             bitmap = optarg;
 698             break;
 699         case 'k':
 700             sockpath = optarg;
 701             if (sockpath[0] != '/') {
 702                 error_report("socket path must be absolute");
 703                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 704             }
 705             break;
 706         case 'd':
 707             disconnect = true;
 708             break;
 709         case 'c':
 710             device = optarg;
 711             break;
 712         case 'e':
 713             if (qemu_strtoi(optarg, NULL, 0, &shared) < 0 ||
 714                 shared < 1) {
 715                 error_report("Invalid shared device number '%s'", optarg);
 716                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 717             }
 718             break;
 719         case 'f':
 720             fmt = optarg;
 721             break;
 722         case 't':
 723             persistent = 1;
 724             break;
 725         case 'x':
 726             export_name = optarg;
 727             if (strlen(export_name) > NBD_MAX_STRING_SIZE) {
 728                 error_report("export name '%s' too long", export_name);
 729                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 730             }
 731             break;
 732         case 'D':
 733             export_description = optarg;
 734             if (strlen(export_description) > NBD_MAX_STRING_SIZE) {
 735                 error_report("export description '%s' too long",
 736                              export_description);
 737                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 738             }
 739             break;
 740         case 'v':
 741             verbose = 1;
 742             break;
 743         case 'V':
 744             version(argv[0]);
 745             exit(0);
 746             break;
 747         case 'h':
 748             usage(argv[0]);
 749             exit(0);
 750             break;
 751         case '?':
 752             error_report("Try `%s --help' for more information.", argv[0]);
 753             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 754         case QEMU_NBD_OPT_OBJECT: {
 755             QemuOpts *opts;
 756             opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
 757                                            optarg, true);
 758             if (!opts) {
 759                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 760             }
 761         }   break;
 762         case QEMU_NBD_OPT_TLSCREDS:
 763             tlscredsid = optarg;
 764             break;
 765         case QEMU_NBD_OPT_IMAGE_OPTS:
 766             imageOpts = true;
 767             break;
 768         case 'T':
 769             g_free(trace_file);
 770             trace_file = trace_opt_parse(optarg);
 771             break;
 772         case QEMU_NBD_OPT_TLSAUTHZ:
 773             tlsauthz = optarg;
 774             break;
 775         case QEMU_NBD_OPT_FORK:
 776             fork_process = true;
 777             break;
 778         case 'L':
 779             list = true;
 780             break;
 781         case QEMU_NBD_OPT_PID_FILE:
 782             pid_file_name = optarg;
 783             break;
 784         }
 785     }
 786
 787     if (list) {
 788         if (argc != optind) {
 789             error_report("List mode is incompatible with a file name");
 790             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 791         }
 792         if (export_name || export_description || dev_offset ||
 793             device || disconnect || fmt || sn_id_or_name || bitmap ||
 794             seen_aio || seen_discard || seen_cache) {
 795             error_report("List mode is incompatible with per-device settings");
 796             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 797         }
 798         if (fork_process) {
 799             error_report("List mode is incompatible with forking");
 800             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 801         }
 802     } else if ((argc - optind) != 1) {
 803         error_report("Invalid number of arguments");
 804         error_printf("Try `%s --help' for more information.\n", argv[0]);
 805         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 806     } else if (!export_name) {
 807         export_name = "";
 808     }
 809
 810     qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
 811                       user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
 812                       qemu_nbd_object_print_help, &error_fatal);
 813
 814     if (!trace_init_backends()) {
 815         exit(1);
 816     }
 817     trace_init_file(trace_file);
 818     qemu_set_log(LOG_TRACE);
 819
 820     socket_activation = check_socket_activation();
 821     if (socket_activation == 0) {
 822         setup_address_and_port(&bindto, &port);
 823     } else {
 824         /* Using socket activation - check user didn't use -p etc. */
 825         const char *err_msg = socket_activation_validate_opts(device, sockpath,
 826                                                               bindto, port,
 827                                                               list);
 828         if (err_msg != NULL) {
 829             error_report("%s", err_msg);
 830             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 831         }
 832
 833         /* qemu-nbd can only listen on a single socket.  */
 834         if (socket_activation > 1) {
 835             error_report("qemu-nbd does not support socket activation with %s > 1",
 836                          "LISTEN_FDS");
 837             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 838         }
 839     }
 840
 841     if (tlscredsid) {
 842         if (sockpath) {
 843             error_report("TLS is only supported with IPv4/IPv6");
 844             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 845         }
 846         if (device) {
 847             error_report("TLS is not supported with a host device");
 848             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 849         }
 850         if (tlsauthz && list) {
 851             error_report("TLS authorization is incompatible with export list");
 852             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 853         }
 854         tlscreds = nbd_get_tls_creds(tlscredsid, list, &local_err);
 855         if (local_err) {
 856             error_reportf_err(local_err, "Failed to get TLS creds: ");
 857             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 858         }
 859     } else {
 860         if (tlsauthz) {
 861             error_report("--tls-authz is not permitted without --tls-creds");
 862             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 863         }
 864     }
 865
 866     if (list) {
 867         saddr = nbd_build_socket_address(sockpath, bindto, port);
 868         return qemu_nbd_client_list(saddr, tlscreds, bindto);
 869     }
 870
 871 #if !HAVE_NBD_DEVICE
 872     if (disconnect || device) {
 873         error_report("Kernel /dev/nbdN support not available");
 874         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 875     }
 876 #else /* HAVE_NBD_DEVICE */
 877     if (disconnect) {
 878         int nbdfd = open(argv[optind], O_RDWR);
 879         if (nbdfd < 0) {
 880             error_report("Cannot open %s: %s", argv[optind],
 881                          strerror(errno));
 882             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 883         }
 884         nbd_disconnect(nbdfd);
 885
 886         close(nbdfd);
 887
 888         printf("%s disconnected\n", argv[optind]);
 889
 890         return 0;
 891     }
 892 #endif
 893
 894     if ((device && !verbose) || fork_process) {
 895 #ifndef WIN32
 896         int stderr_fd[2];
 897         pid_t pid;
 898         int ret;
 899
 900         if (qemu_pipe(stderr_fd) < 0) {
 901             error_report("Error setting up communication pipe: %s",
 902                          strerror(errno));
 903             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 904         }
 905
 906         /* Now daemonize, but keep a communication channel open to
 907          * print errors and exit with the proper status code.
 908          */
 909         pid = fork();
 910         if (pid < 0) {
 911             error_report("Failed to fork: %s", strerror(errno));
 912             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 913         } else if (pid == 0) {
 914             close(stderr_fd[0]);
 915
 916             /* Remember parent's stderr if we will be restoring it. */
 917             if (fork_process) {
 918                 old_stderr = dup(STDERR_FILENO);
 919             }
 920
 921             ret = qemu_daemon(1, 0);
 922
 923             /* Temporarily redirect stderr to the parent's pipe...  */
 924             dup2(stderr_fd[1], STDERR_FILENO);
 925             if (ret < 0) {
 926                 error_report("Failed to daemonize: %s", strerror(errno));
 927                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 928             }
 929
 930             /* ... close the descriptor we inherited and go on.  */
 931             close(stderr_fd[1]);
 932         } else {
 933             bool errors = false;
 934             char *buf;
 935
 936             /* In the parent.  Print error messages from the child until
 937              * it closes the pipe.
 938              */
 939             close(stderr_fd[1]);
 940             buf = g_malloc(1024);
 941             while ((ret = read(stderr_fd[0], buf, 1024)) > 0) {
 942                 errors = true;
 943                 ret = qemu_write_full(STDERR_FILENO, buf, ret);
 944                 if (ret < 0) {
 945                     exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 946                 }
 947             }
 948             if (ret < 0) {
 949                 error_report("Cannot read from daemon: %s",
 950                              strerror(errno));
 951                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 952             }
 953
 954             /* Usually the daemon should not print any message.
 955              * Exit with zero status in that case.
 956              */
 957             exit(errors);
 958         }
 959 #else /* WIN32 */
 960         error_report("Unable to fork into background on Windows hosts");
 961         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 962 #endif /* WIN32 */
 963     }
 964
 965     if (device != NULL && sockpath == NULL) {
 966         sockpath = g_malloc(128);
 967         snprintf(sockpath, 128, SOCKET_PATH, basename(device));
 968     }
 969
 970     server = qio_net_listener_new();
 971     if (socket_activation == 0) {
 972         saddr = nbd_build_socket_address(sockpath, bindto, port);
 973         if (qio_net_listener_open_sync(server, saddr, 1, &local_err) < 0) {
 974             object_unref(OBJECT(server));
 975             error_report_err(local_err);
 976             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 977         }
 978     } else {
 979         size_t i;
 980         /* See comment in check_socket_activation above. */
 981         for (i = 0; i < socket_activation; i++) {
 982             QIOChannelSocket *sioc;
 983             sioc = qio_channel_socket_new_fd(FIRST_SOCKET_ACTIVATION_FD + i,
 984                                              &local_err);
 985             if (sioc == NULL) {
 986                 object_unref(OBJECT(server));
 987                 error_reportf_err(local_err,
 988                                   "Failed to use socket activation: ");
 989                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 990             }
 991             qio_net_listener_add(server, sioc);
 992             object_unref(OBJECT(sioc));
 993         }
 994     }
 995
 996     if (qemu_init_main_loop(&local_err)) {
 997         error_report_err(local_err);
 998         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 999     }
1000     bdrv_init();
1001     atexit(qemu_nbd_shutdown);
1002
1003     srcpath = argv[optind];
1004     if (imageOpts) {
1005         QemuOpts *opts;
1006         if (fmt) {
1007             error_report("--image-opts and -f are mutually exclusive");
1008             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1009         }
1010         opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&file_opts, srcpath, true);
1011         if (!opts) {
1012             qemu_opts_reset(&file_opts);
1013             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1014         }
1015         options = qemu_opts_to_qdict(opts, NULL);
1016         qemu_opts_reset(&file_opts);
1017         blk = blk_new_open(NULL, NULL, options, flags, &local_err);
1018     } else {
1019         if (fmt) {
1020             options = qdict_new();
1021             qdict_put_str(options, "driver", fmt);
1022         }
1023         blk = blk_new_open(srcpath, NULL, options, flags, &local_err);
1024     }
1025
1026     if (!blk) {
1027         error_reportf_err(local_err, "Failed to blk_new_open '%s': ",
1028                           argv[optind]);
1029         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1030     }
1031     bs = blk_bs(blk);
1032
1033     if (dev_offset) {
1034         QDict *raw_opts = qdict_new();
1035         qdict_put_str(raw_opts, "driver", "raw");
1036         qdict_put_str(raw_opts, "file", bs->node_name);
1037         qdict_put_int(raw_opts, "offset", dev_offset);
1038         bs = bdrv_open(NULL, NULL, raw_opts, flags, &error_fatal);
1039         blk_remove_bs(blk);
1040         blk_insert_bs(blk, bs, &error_fatal);
1041         bdrv_unref(bs);
1042     }
1043
1044     blk_set_enable_write_cache(blk, !writethrough);
1045
1046     if (sn_opts) {
1047         ret = bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp(bs,
1048                                      qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_ID),
1049                                      qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_NAME),
1050                                      &local_err);
1051     } else if (sn_id_or_name) {
1052         ret = bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp_by_id_or_name(bs, sn_id_or_name,
1053                                                    &local_err);
1054     }
1055     if (ret < 0) {
1056         error_reportf_err(local_err, "Failed to load snapshot: ");
1057         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1058     }
1059
1060     bs->detect_zeroes = detect_zeroes;
1061
1062     nbd_server_is_qemu_nbd(true);
1063
1064     export_opts = g_new(BlockExportOptions, 1);
1065     *export_opts = (BlockExportOptions) {
1066         .type               = BLOCK_EXPORT_TYPE_NBD,
1067         .id                 = g_strdup("qemu-nbd-export"),
1068         .node_name          = g_strdup(bdrv_get_node_name(bs)),
1069         .has_writethrough   = true,
1070         .writethrough       = writethrough,
1071         .u.nbd = {
1072             .has_name           = true,
1073             .name               = g_strdup(export_name),
1074             .has_description    = !!export_description,
1075             .description        = g_strdup(export_description),
1076             .has_writable       = true,
1077             .writable           = !readonly,
1078             .has_bitmap         = !!bitmap,
1079             .bitmap             = g_strdup(bitmap),
1080         },
1081     };
1082     blk_exp_add(export_opts, &error_fatal);
1083     qapi_free_BlockExportOptions(export_opts);
1084
1085     if (device) {
1086 #if HAVE_NBD_DEVICE
1087         int ret;
1088
1089         ret = pthread_create(&client_thread, NULL, nbd_client_thread, device);
1090         if (ret != 0) {
1091             error_report("Failed to create client thread: %s", strerror(ret));
1092             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1093         }
1094 #endif
1095     } else {
1096         /* Shut up GCC warnings.  */
1097         memset(&client_thread, 0, sizeof(client_thread));
1098     }
1099
1100     nbd_update_server_watch();
1101
1102     if (pid_file_name) {
1103         qemu_write_pidfile(pid_file_name, &error_fatal);
1104     }
1105
1106     /* now when the initialization is (almost) complete, chdir("/")
1107      * to free any busy filesystems */
1108     if (chdir("/") < 0) {
1109         error_report("Could not chdir to root directory: %s",
1110                      strerror(errno));
1111         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1112     }
1113
1114     if (fork_process) {
1115         dup2(old_stderr, STDERR_FILENO);
1116         close(old_stderr);
1117     }
1118
1119     state = RUNNING;
1120     do {
1121         main_loop_wait(false);
1122         if (state == TERMINATE) {
1123             blk_exp_close_all();
1124             state = TERMINATED;
1125         }
1126     } while (state != TERMINATED);
1127
1128     blk_unref(blk);
1129     if (sockpath) {
1130         unlink(sockpath);
1131     }
1132
1133     qemu_opts_del(sn_opts);
1134
1135     if (device) {
1136         void *ret;
1137         pthread_join(client_thread, &ret);
1138         exit(ret != NULL);
1139     } else {
1140         exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
1141     }
1142 }