coroutine-sigaltstack.c

   1 /*
   2  * sigaltstack coroutine initialization code
   3  *
   4  * Copyright (C) 2006  Anthony Liguori <anthony@codemonkey.ws>
   5  * Copyright (C) 2011  Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
   6  * Copyright (C) 2012  Alex Barcelo <abarcelo@ac.upc.edu>
   7 ** This file is partly based on pth_mctx.c, from the GNU Portable Threads
   8 **  Copyright (c) 1999-2006 Ralf S. Engelschall <rse@engelschall.com>
   9  *
  10  * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
  11  * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
  12  * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
  13  * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
  14  *
  15  * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  16  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  17  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
  18  * Lesser General Public License for more details.
  19  *
  20  * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
  21  * License along with this library; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  22  */
  23
  24 /* XXX Is there a nicer way to disable glibc's stack check for longjmp? */
  25 #ifdef _FORTIFY_SOURCE
  26 #undef _FORTIFY_SOURCE
  27 #endif
  28 #include <stdlib.h>
  29 #include <setjmp.h>
  30 #include <stdint.h>
  31 #include <pthread.h>
  32 #include <signal.h>
  33 #include "qemu-common.h"
  34 #include "qemu-coroutine-int.h"
  35
  36 enum {
  37     /* Maximum free pool size prevents holding too many freed coroutines */
  38     POOL_MAX_SIZE = 64,
  39 };
  40
  41 /** Free list to speed up creation */
  42 static QSLIST_HEAD(, Coroutine) pool = QSLIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER(pool);
  43 static unsigned int pool_size;
  44
  45 typedef struct {
  46     Coroutine base;
  47     void *stack;
  48     jmp_buf env;
  49 } CoroutineUContext;
  50
  51 /**
  52  * Per-thread coroutine bookkeeping
  53  */
  54 typedef struct {
  55     /** Currently executing coroutine */
  56     Coroutine *current;
  57
  58     /** The default coroutine */
  59     CoroutineUContext leader;
  60
  61     /** Information for the signal handler (trampoline) */
  62     jmp_buf tr_reenter;
  63     volatile sig_atomic_t tr_called;
  64     void *tr_handler;
  65 } CoroutineThreadState;
  66
  67 static pthread_key_t thread_state_key;
  68
  69 static CoroutineThreadState *coroutine_get_thread_state(void)
  70 {
  71     CoroutineThreadState *s = pthread_getspecific(thread_state_key);
  72
  73     if (!s) {
  74         s = g_malloc0(sizeof(*s));
  75         s->current = &s->leader.base;
  76         pthread_setspecific(thread_state_key, s);
  77     }
  78     return s;
  79 }
  80
  81 static void qemu_coroutine_thread_cleanup(void *opaque)
  82 {
  83     CoroutineThreadState *s = opaque;
  84
  85     g_free(s);
  86 }
  87
  88 static void __attribute__((destructor)) coroutine_cleanup(void)
  89 {
  90     Coroutine *co;
  91     Coroutine *tmp;
  92
  93     QSLIST_FOREACH_SAFE(co, &pool, pool_next, tmp) {
  94         g_free(DO_UPCAST(CoroutineUContext, base, co)->stack);
  95         g_free(co);
  96     }
  97 }
  98
  99 static void __attribute__((constructor)) coroutine_init(void)
 100 {
 101     int ret;
 102
 103     ret = pthread_key_create(&thread_state_key, qemu_coroutine_thread_cleanup);
 104     if (ret != 0) {
 105         fprintf(stderr, "unable to create leader key: %s\n", strerror(errno));
 106         abort();
 107     }
 108 }
 109
 110 /* "boot" function
 111  * This is what starts the coroutine, is called from the trampoline
 112  * (from the signal handler when it is not signal handling, read ahead
 113  * for more information).
 114  */
 115 static void coroutine_bootstrap(CoroutineUContext *self, Coroutine *co)
 116 {
 117     /* Initialize longjmp environment and switch back the caller */
 118     if (!setjmp(self->env)) {
 119         longjmp(*(jmp_buf *)co->entry_arg, 1);
 120     }
 121
 122     while (true) {
 123         co->entry(co->entry_arg);
 124         qemu_coroutine_switch(co, co->caller, COROUTINE_TERMINATE);
 125     }
 126 }
 127
 128 /*
 129  * This is used as the signal handler. This is called with the brand new stack
 130  * (thanks to sigaltstack). We have to return, given that this is a signal
 131  * handler and the sigmask and some other things are changed.
 132  */
 133 static void coroutine_trampoline(int signal)
 134 {
 135     CoroutineUContext *self;
 136     Coroutine *co;
 137     CoroutineThreadState *coTS;
 138
 139     /* Get the thread specific information */
 140     coTS = coroutine_get_thread_state();
 141     self = coTS->tr_handler;
 142     coTS->tr_called = 1;
 143     co = &self->base;
 144
 145     /*
 146      * Here we have to do a bit of a ping pong between the caller, given that
 147      * this is a signal handler and we have to do a return "soon". Then the
 148      * caller can reestablish everything and do a longjmp here again.
 149      */
 150     if (!setjmp(coTS->tr_reenter)) {
 151         return;
 152     }
 153
 154     /*
 155      * Ok, the caller has longjmp'ed back to us, so now prepare
 156      * us for the real machine state switching. We have to jump
 157      * into another function here to get a new stack context for
 158      * the auto variables (which have to be auto-variables
 159      * because the start of the thread happens later). Else with
 160      * PIC (i.e. Position Independent Code which is used when PTH
 161      * is built as a shared library) most platforms would
 162      * horrible core dump as experience showed.
 163      */
 164     coroutine_bootstrap(self, co);
 165 }
 166
 167 static Coroutine *coroutine_new(void)
 168 {
 169     const size_t stack_size = 1 << 20;
 170     CoroutineUContext *co;
 171     CoroutineThreadState *coTS;
 172     struct sigaction sa;
 173     struct sigaction osa;
 174     struct sigaltstack ss;
 175     struct sigaltstack oss;
 176     sigset_t sigs;
 177     sigset_t osigs;
 178     jmp_buf old_env;
 179
 180     /* The way to manipulate stack is with the sigaltstack function. We
 181      * prepare a stack, with it delivering a signal to ourselves and then
 182      * put setjmp/longjmp where needed.
 183      * This has been done keeping coroutine-ucontext as a model and with the
 184      * pth ideas (GNU Portable Threads). See coroutine-ucontext for the basics
 185      * of the coroutines and see pth_mctx.c (from the pth project) for the
 186      * sigaltstack way of manipulating stacks.
 187      */
 188
 189     co = g_malloc0(sizeof(*co));
 190     co->stack = g_malloc(stack_size);
 191     co->base.entry_arg = &old_env; /* stash away our jmp_buf */
 192
 193     coTS = coroutine_get_thread_state();
 194     coTS->tr_handler = co;
 195
 196     /*
 197      * Preserve the SIGUSR2 signal state, block SIGUSR2,
 198      * and establish our signal handler. The signal will
 199      * later transfer control onto the signal stack.
 200      */
 201     sigemptyset(&sigs);
 202     sigaddset(&sigs, SIGUSR2);
 203     pthread_sigmask(SIG_BLOCK, &sigs, &osigs);
 204     sa.sa_handler = coroutine_trampoline;
 205     sigfillset(&sa.sa_mask);
 206     sa.sa_flags = SA_ONSTACK;
 207     if (sigaction(SIGUSR2, &sa, &osa) != 0) {
 208         abort();
 209     }
 210
 211     /*
 212      * Set the new stack.
 213      */
 214     ss.ss_sp = co->stack;
 215     ss.ss_size = stack_size;
 216     ss.ss_flags = 0;
 217     if (sigaltstack(&ss, &oss) < 0) {
 218         abort();
 219     }
 220
 221     /*
 222      * Now transfer control onto the signal stack and set it up.
 223      * It will return immediately via "return" after the setjmp()
 224      * was performed. Be careful here with race conditions.  The
 225      * signal can be delivered the first time sigsuspend() is
 226      * called.
 227      */
 228     coTS->tr_called = 0;
 229     pthread_kill(pthread_self(), SIGUSR2);
 230     sigfillset(&sigs);
 231     sigdelset(&sigs, SIGUSR2);
 232     while (!coTS->tr_called) {
 233         sigsuspend(&sigs);
 234     }
 235
 236     /*
 237      * Inform the system that we are back off the signal stack by
 238      * removing the alternative signal stack. Be careful here: It
 239      * first has to be disabled, before it can be removed.
 240      */
 241     sigaltstack(NULL, &ss);
 242     ss.ss_flags = SS_DISABLE;
 243     if (sigaltstack(&ss, NULL) < 0) {
 244         abort();
 245     }
 246     sigaltstack(NULL, &ss);
 247     if (!(oss.ss_flags & SS_DISABLE)) {
 248         sigaltstack(&oss, NULL);
 249     }
 250
 251     /*
 252      * Restore the old SIGUSR2 signal handler and mask
 253      */
 254     sigaction(SIGUSR2, &osa, NULL);
 255     pthread_sigmask(SIG_SETMASK, &osigs, NULL);
 256
 257     /*
 258      * Now enter the trampoline again, but this time not as a signal
 259      * handler. Instead we jump into it directly. The functionally
 260      * redundant ping-pong pointer arithmetic is necessary to avoid
 261      * type-conversion warnings related to the `volatile' qualifier and
 262      * the fact that `jmp_buf' usually is an array type.
 263      */
 264     if (!setjmp(old_env)) {
 265         longjmp(coTS->tr_reenter, 1);
 266     }
 267
 268     /*
 269      * Ok, we returned again, so now we're finished
 270      */
 271
 272     return &co->base;
 273 }
 274
 275 Coroutine *qemu_coroutine_new(void)
 276 {
 277     Coroutine *co;
 278
 279     co = QSLIST_FIRST(&pool);
 280     if (co) {
 281         QSLIST_REMOVE_HEAD(&pool, pool_next);
 282         pool_size--;
 283     } else {
 284         co = coroutine_new();
 285     }
 286     return co;
 287 }
 288
 289 void qemu_coroutine_delete(Coroutine *co_)
 290 {
 291     CoroutineUContext *co = DO_UPCAST(CoroutineUContext, base, co_);
 292
 293     if (pool_size < POOL_MAX_SIZE) {
 294         QSLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&pool, &co->base, pool_next);
 295         co->base.caller = NULL;
 296         pool_size++;
 297         return;
 298     }
 299
 300     g_free(co->stack);
 301     g_free(co);
 302 }
 303
 304 CoroutineAction qemu_coroutine_switch(Coroutine *from_, Coroutine *to_,
 305                                       CoroutineAction action)
 306 {
 307     CoroutineUContext *from = DO_UPCAST(CoroutineUContext, base, from_);
 308     CoroutineUContext *to = DO_UPCAST(CoroutineUContext, base, to_);
 309     CoroutineThreadState *s = coroutine_get_thread_state();
 310     int ret;
 311
 312     s->current = to_;
 313
 314     ret = setjmp(from->env);
 315     if (ret == 0) {
 316         longjmp(to->env, action);
 317     }
 318     return ret;
 319 }
 320
 321 Coroutine *qemu_coroutine_self(void)
 322 {
 323     CoroutineThreadState *s = coroutine_get_thread_state();
 324
 325     return s->current;
 326 }
 327
 328 bool qemu_in_coroutine(void)
 329 {
 330     CoroutineThreadState *s = pthread_getspecific(thread_state_key);
 331
 332     return s && s->current->caller;
 333 }
 334