3 # Low-level QEMU shell on top of QMP.
5 # Copyright (C) 2009, 2010 Red Hat Inc.
8 # Luiz Capitulino <lcapitulino@redhat.com>
10 # This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2. See
11 # the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
17 # # qemu [...] -qmp unix:./qmp-sock,server
21 # $ qmp-shell ./qmp-sock
23 # Commands have the following format:
25 # < command-name > [ arg-name1=arg1 ] ... [ arg-nameN=argN ]
29 # (QEMU) device_add driver=e1000 id=net1
33 # key=value pairs also support Python or JSON object literal subset notations,
34 # without spaces. Dictionaries/objects {} are supported as are arrays [].
36 # example-command arg-name1={'key':'value','obj'={'prop':"value"}}
38 # Both JSON and Python formatting should work, including both styles of
39 # string literal quotes. Both paradigms of literal values should work,
40 # including null/true/false for JSON and None/True/False for Python.
43 # Transactions have the following multi-line format:
46 # action-name1 [ arg-name1=arg1 ] ... [arg-nameN=argN ]
48 # action-nameN [ arg-name1=arg1 ] ... [arg-nameN=argN ]
51 # One line transactions are also supported:
53 # transaction( action-name1 ... )
58 # TRANS> block-dirty-bitmap-add node=drive0 name=bitmap1
59 # TRANS> block-dirty-bitmap-clear node=drive0 name=bitmap0
64 # Use the -v and -p options to activate the verbose and pretty-print options,
65 # which will echo back the properly formatted JSON-compliant QMP that is being
66 # sent to QEMU, which is useful for debugging and documentation generation.
78 sys.path.append(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '..', '..', 'python'))
82 class QMPCompleter(list):
83 def complete(self, text, state):
85 if cmd.startswith(text):
92 class QMPShellError(Exception):
96 class FuzzyJSON(ast.NodeTransformer):
97 '''This extension of ast.NodeTransformer filters literal "true/false/null"
98 values in an AST and replaces them by proper "True/False/None" values that
99 Python can properly evaluate.'''
101 def visit_Name(cls, node):
102 if node.id == 'true':
104 if node.id == 'false':
106 if node.id == 'null':
111 # TODO: QMPShell's interface is a bit ugly (eg. _fill_completion() and
112 # _execute_cmd()). Let's design a better one.
113 class QMPShell(qmp.QEMUMonitorProtocol):
114 def __init__(self, address, pretty=False):
115 super().__init__(self.parse_address(address))
116 self._greeting = None
117 self._completer = None
118 self._pretty = pretty
119 self._transmode = False
120 self._actions = list()
121 self._histfile = os.path.join(os.path.expanduser('~'),
122 '.qmp-shell_history')
123 self._verbose = False
125 def _fill_completion(self):
126 cmds = self.cmd('query-commands')
129 for cmd in cmds['return']:
130 self._completer.append(cmd['name'])
132 def __completer_setup(self):
133 self._completer = QMPCompleter()
134 self._fill_completion()
135 readline.set_history_length(1024)
136 readline.set_completer(self._completer.complete)
137 readline.parse_and_bind("tab: complete")
138 # NB: default delimiters conflict with some command names
139 # (eg. query-), clearing everything as it doesn't seem to matter
140 readline.set_completer_delims('')
142 readline.read_history_file(self._histfile)
143 except Exception as e:
144 if isinstance(e, IOError) and e.errno == errno.ENOENT:
145 # File not found. No problem.
148 print("Failed to read history '%s'; %s" % (self._histfile, e))
149 atexit.register(self.__save_history)
151 def __save_history(self):
153 readline.write_history_file(self._histfile)
154 except Exception as e:
155 print("Failed to save history file '%s'; %s" % (self._histfile, e))
158 def __parse_value(cls, val):
164 if val.lower() == 'true':
166 if val.lower() == 'false':
168 if val.startswith(('{', '[')):
169 # Try first as pure JSON:
171 return json.loads(val)
174 # Try once again as FuzzyJSON:
176 st = ast.parse(val, mode='eval')
177 return ast.literal_eval(FuzzyJSON().visit(st))
184 def __cli_expr(self, tokens, parent):
186 (key, sep, val) = arg.partition('=')
189 f"Expected a key=value pair, got '{arg!s}'"
192 value = self.__parse_value(val)
193 optpath = key.split('.')
195 for p in optpath[:-1]:
197 d = parent.get(p, {})
198 if type(d) is not dict:
199 msg = 'Cannot use "{:s}" as both leaf and non-leaf key'
200 raise QMPShellError(msg.format('.'.join(curpath)))
203 if optpath[-1] in parent:
204 if type(parent[optpath[-1]]) is dict:
205 msg = 'Cannot use "{:s}" as both leaf and non-leaf key'
206 raise QMPShellError(msg.format('.'.join(curpath)))
208 raise QMPShellError(f'Cannot set "{key}" multiple times')
209 parent[optpath[-1]] = value
211 def __build_cmd(self, cmdline):
213 Build a QMP input object from a user provided command-line in the
216 < command-name > [ arg-name1=arg1 ] ... [ arg-nameN=argN ]
218 argument_regex = r'''(?:[^\s"']|"(?:\\.|[^"])*"|'(?:\\.|[^'])*')+'''
219 cmdargs = re.findall(argument_regex, cmdline)
221 # Transactional CLI entry/exit:
222 if cmdargs[0] == 'transaction(':
223 self._transmode = True
225 elif cmdargs[0] == ')' and self._transmode:
226 self._transmode = False
228 msg = 'Unexpected input after close of Transaction sub-shell'
229 raise QMPShellError(msg)
231 'execute': 'transaction',
232 'arguments': {'actions': self._actions}
234 self._actions = list()
237 # Nothing to process?
241 # Parse and then cache this Transactional Action
244 action = {'type': cmdargs[0], 'data': {}}
245 if cmdargs[-1] == ')':
248 self.__cli_expr(cmdargs[1:], action['data'])
249 self._actions.append(action)
250 return self.__build_cmd(')') if finalize else None
252 # Standard command: parse and return it to be executed.
253 qmpcmd = {'execute': cmdargs[0], 'arguments': {}}
254 self.__cli_expr(cmdargs[1:], qmpcmd['arguments'])
257 def _print(self, qmp_message):
261 jsobj = json.dumps(qmp_message, indent=indent, sort_keys=self._pretty)
264 def _execute_cmd(self, cmdline):
266 qmpcmd = self.__build_cmd(cmdline)
267 except Exception as e:
268 print('Error while parsing command line: %s' % e)
269 print('command format: <command-name> ', end=' ')
270 print('[arg-name1=arg1] ... [arg-nameN=argN]')
272 # For transaction mode, we may have just cached the action:
277 resp = self.cmd_obj(qmpcmd)
279 print('Disconnected')
284 def connect(self, negotiate: bool = True):
285 self._greeting = super().connect(negotiate)
286 self.__completer_setup()
288 def show_banner(self, msg='Welcome to the QMP low-level shell!'):
290 if not self._greeting:
293 version = self._greeting['QMP']['version']['qemu']
294 print("Connected to QEMU {major}.{minor}.{micro}\n".format(**version))
296 def get_prompt(self):
301 def read_exec_command(self, prompt):
303 Read and execute a command.
305 @return True if execution was ok, return False if disconnected.
308 cmdline = input(prompt)
313 for ev in self.get_events():
318 return self._execute_cmd(cmdline)
320 def set_verbosity(self, verbose):
321 self._verbose = verbose
324 class HMPShell(QMPShell):
325 def __init__(self, address):
326 super().__init__(address)
329 def __cmd_completion(self):
330 for cmd in self.__cmd_passthrough('help')['return'].split('\r\n'):
331 if cmd and cmd[0] != '[' and cmd[0] != '\t':
332 name = cmd.split()[0] # drop help text
335 if name.find('|') != -1:
336 # Command in the form 'foobar|f' or 'f|foobar', take the
338 opt = name.split('|')
343 self._completer.append(name)
344 self._completer.append('help ' + name) # help completion
346 def __info_completion(self):
347 for cmd in self.__cmd_passthrough('info')['return'].split('\r\n'):
349 self._completer.append('info ' + cmd.split()[1])
351 def __other_completion(self):
353 self._completer.append('help info')
355 def _fill_completion(self):
356 self.__cmd_completion()
357 self.__info_completion()
358 self.__other_completion()
360 def __cmd_passthrough(self, cmdline, cpu_index=0):
361 return self.cmd_obj({
362 'execute': 'human-monitor-command',
364 'command-line': cmdline,
365 'cpu-index': cpu_index
369 def _execute_cmd(self, cmdline):
370 if cmdline.split()[0] == "cpu":
371 # trap the cpu command, it requires special setting
373 idx = int(cmdline.split()[1])
374 if 'return' not in self.__cmd_passthrough('info version', idx):
375 print('bad CPU index')
377 self.__cpu_index = idx
379 print('cpu command takes an integer argument')
381 resp = self.__cmd_passthrough(cmdline, self.__cpu_index)
383 print('Disconnected')
385 assert 'return' in resp or 'error' in resp
388 if len(resp['return']) > 0:
389 print(resp['return'], end=' ')
392 print('%s: %s' % (resp['error']['class'], resp['error']['desc']))
395 def show_banner(self, msg='Welcome to the HMP shell!'):
396 QMPShell.show_banner(self, msg)
400 sys.stderr.write('ERROR: %s\n' % msg)
404 def fail_cmdline(option=None):
406 sys.stderr.write('ERROR: bad command-line option \'%s\'\n' % option)
408 'qmp-shell [ -v ] [ -p ] [ -H ] [ -N ] '
409 '< UNIX socket path> | < TCP address:port >\n'
411 sys.stderr.write(' -v Verbose (echo command sent and received)\n')
412 sys.stderr.write(' -p Pretty-print JSON\n')
413 sys.stderr.write(' -H Use HMP interface\n')
414 sys.stderr.write(' -N Skip negotiate (for qemu-ga)\n')
427 for arg in sys.argv[1:]:
444 qemu = QMPShell(arg, pretty)
449 except qmp.QMPBadPortError:
450 die('bad port number in command-line')
453 qemu.connect(negotiate)
454 except qmp.QMPConnectError:
455 die('Didn\'t get QMP greeting message')
456 except qmp.QMPCapabilitiesError:
457 die('Could not negotiate capabilities')
459 die('Could not connect to %s' % addr)
462 qemu.set_verbosity(verbose)
463 while qemu.read_exec_command(qemu.get_prompt()):
468 if __name__ == '__main__':