1 QEMU Monitor Protocol Specification - Version 0.1
6 This document specifies the QEMU Monitor Protocol (QMP), a JSON-based protocol
7 which is available for applications to control QEMU at the machine-level.
9 To enable QMP support, QEMU has to be run in "control mode". This is done by
10 starting QEMU with the appropriate command-line options. Please, refer to the
11 QEMU manual page for more information.
13 2. Protocol Specification
14 =========================
16 This section details the protocol format. For the purpose of this document
17 "Client" is any application which is communicating with QEMU in control mode,
18 and "Server" is QEMU itself.
20 JSON data structures, when mentioned in this document, are always in the
23 json-DATA-STRUCTURE-NAME
25 Where DATA-STRUCTURE-NAME is any valid JSON data structure, as defined by
28 http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4627.txt
30 For convenience, json-object members and json-array elements mentioned in
31 this document will be in a certain order. However, in real protocol usage
32 they can be in ANY order, thus no particular order should be assumed.
34 2.1 General Definitions
35 -----------------------
37 2.1.1 All interactions transmitted by the Server are json-objects, always
40 2.1.2 All json-objects members are mandatory when not specified otherwise
45 Right when connected the Server will issue a greeting message, which signals
46 that the connection has been successfully established and that the Server is
51 { "QMP": { "capabilities": json-array } }
55 - The "capabilities" member specify the availability of features beyond the
56 baseline specification
61 The format for command execution is:
63 { "execute": json-string, "arguments": json-object, "id": json-value }
67 - The "execute" member identifies the command to be executed by the Server
68 - The "arguments" member is used to pass any arguments required for the
69 execution of the command, it is optional when no arguments are required
70 - The "id" member is a transaction identification associated with the
71 command execution, it is optional and will be part of the response if
74 2.4 Commands Responses
75 ----------------------
77 There are two possible responses which the Server will issue as the result
78 of a command execution: success or error.
83 The success response is issued when the command execution has finished
88 { "return": json-object, "id": json-value }
92 - The "return" member contains the command returned data, which is defined
93 in a per-command basis or an empty json-object if the command does not
95 - The "id" member contains the transaction identification associated
96 with the command execution (if issued by the Client)
101 The error response is issued when the command execution could not be
102 completed because of an error condition.
106 { "error": { "class": json-string, "data": json-object, "desc": json-string },
111 - The "class" member contains the error class name (eg. "ServiceUnavailable")
112 - The "data" member contains specific error data and is defined in a
113 per-command basis, it will be an empty json-object if the error has no data
114 - The "desc" member is a human-readable error message. Clients should
115 not attempt to parse this message.
116 - The "id" member contains the transaction identification associated with
117 the command execution (if issued by the Client)
119 NOTE: Some errors can occur before the Server is able to read the "id" member,
120 in these cases the "id" member will not be part of the error response, even
121 if provided by the client.
123 2.5 Asynchronous events
124 -----------------------
126 As a result of state changes, the Server may send messages unilaterally
127 to the Client at any time. They are called 'asynchronous events'.
131 { "event": json-string, "data": json-object,
132 "timestamp": { "seconds": json-number, "microseconds": json-number } }
136 - The "event" member contains the event's name
137 - The "data" member contains event specific data, which is defined in a
138 per-event basis, it is optional
139 - The "timestamp" member contains the exact time of when the event occurred
140 in the Server. It is a fixed json-object with time in seconds and
143 For a listing of supported asynchronous events, please, refer to the
149 This section provides some examples of real QMP usage, in all of them
150 'C' stands for 'Client' and 'S' stands for 'Server'.
155 S: {"QMP": {"capabilities": []}}
157 3.2 Simple 'stop' execution
158 ---------------------------
160 C: { "execute": "stop" }
166 C: { "execute": "query-kvm", "id": "example" }
167 S: {"return": {"enabled": true, "present": true}, "id": "example"}
173 S: {"error": {"class": "JSONParsing", "desc": "Invalid JSON syntax", "data":
179 S: {"timestamp": {"seconds": 1258551470, "microseconds": 802384}, "event":
182 4. Compatibility Considerations
183 --------------------------------
185 In order to achieve maximum compatibility between versions, Clients must not
186 assume any particular:
188 - Size of json-objects or length of json-arrays
189 - Order of json-object members or json-array elements
190 - Amount of errors generated by a command, that is, new errors can be added
191 to any existing command in newer versions of the Server
193 Additionally, Clients should always:
195 - Check the capabilities json-array at connection time
196 - Check the availability of commands with 'query-commands' before issuing them
198 5. Recommendations to Client implementors
199 -----------------------------------------
201 5.1 The Server should be always started in pause mode, thus the Client is
202 able to perform any setup procedure without the risk of race conditions