2 :mod:`bz2` --- Compression compatible with :program:`bzip2`
3 ===========================================================
6 :synopsis: Interface to compression and decompression routines compatible with bzip2.
7 .. moduleauthor:: Gustavo Niemeyer <niemeyer@conectiva.com>
8 .. sectionauthor:: Gustavo Niemeyer <niemeyer@conectiva.com>
13 This module provides a comprehensive interface for the bz2 compression library.
14 It implements a complete file interface, one-shot (de)compression functions, and
15 types for sequential (de)compression.
17 For other archive formats, see the :mod:`gzip`, :mod:`zipfile`, and
18 :mod:`tarfile` modules.
20 Here is a summary of the features offered by the bz2 module:
22 * :class:`BZ2File` class implements a complete file interface, including
23 :meth:`readline`, :meth:`readlines`, :meth:`writelines`, :meth:`seek`, etc;
25 * :class:`BZ2File` class implements emulated :meth:`seek` support;
27 * :class:`BZ2File` class implements universal newline support;
29 * :class:`BZ2File` class offers an optimized line iteration using the readahead
30 algorithm borrowed from file objects;
32 * Sequential (de)compression supported by :class:`BZ2Compressor` and
33 :class:`BZ2Decompressor` classes;
35 * One-shot (de)compression supported by :func:`compress` and :func:`decompress`
38 * Thread safety uses individual locking mechanism.
41 (De)compression of files
42 ------------------------
44 Handling of compressed files is offered by the :class:`BZ2File` class.
47 .. class:: BZ2File(filename[, mode[, buffering[, compresslevel]]])
49 Open a bz2 file. Mode can be either ``'r'`` or ``'w'``, for reading (default)
50 or writing. When opened for writing, the file will be created if it doesn't
51 exist, and truncated otherwise. If *buffering* is given, ``0`` means
52 unbuffered, and larger numbers specify the buffer size; the default is
53 ``0``. If *compresslevel* is given, it must be a number between ``1`` and
54 ``9``; the default is ``9``. Add a ``'U'`` to mode to open the file for input
55 with universal newline support. Any line ending in the input file will be
56 seen as a ``'\n'`` in Python. Also, a file so opened gains the attribute
57 :attr:`newlines`; the value for this attribute is one of ``None`` (no newline
58 read yet), ``'\r'``, ``'\n'``, ``'\r\n'`` or a tuple containing all the
59 newline types seen. Universal newlines are available only when
60 reading. Instances support iteration in the same way as normal :class:`file`
63 :class:`BZ2File` supports the :keyword:`with` statement.
65 .. versionchanged:: 2.7
66 Support for the :keyword:`with` statement was added.
71 Close the file. Sets data attribute :attr:`closed` to true. A closed file
72 cannot be used for further I/O operations. :meth:`close` may be called
73 more than once without error.
76 .. method:: read([size])
78 Read at most *size* uncompressed bytes, returned as a string. If the
79 *size* argument is negative or omitted, read until EOF is reached.
82 .. method:: readline([size])
84 Return the next line from the file, as a string, retaining newline. A
85 non-negative *size* argument limits the maximum number of bytes to return
86 (an incomplete line may be returned then). Return an empty string at EOF.
89 .. method:: readlines([size])
91 Return a list of lines read. The optional *size* argument, if given, is an
92 approximate bound on the total number of bytes in the lines returned.
95 .. method:: xreadlines()
97 For backward compatibility. :class:`BZ2File` objects now include the
98 performance optimizations previously implemented in the :mod:`xreadlines`
102 This exists only for compatibility with the method by this name on
103 :class:`file` objects, which is deprecated. Use ``for line in file``
107 .. method:: seek(offset[, whence])
109 Move to new file position. Argument *offset* is a byte count. Optional
110 argument *whence* defaults to ``os.SEEK_SET`` or ``0`` (offset from start
111 of file; offset should be ``>= 0``); other values are ``os.SEEK_CUR`` or
112 ``1`` (move relative to current position; offset can be positive or
113 negative), and ``os.SEEK_END`` or ``2`` (move relative to end of file;
114 offset is usually negative, although many platforms allow seeking beyond
117 Note that seeking of bz2 files is emulated, and depending on the
118 parameters the operation may be extremely slow.
123 Return the current file position, an integer (may be a long integer).
126 .. method:: write(data)
128 Write string *data* to file. Note that due to buffering, :meth:`close` may
129 be needed before the file on disk reflects the data written.
132 .. method:: writelines(sequence_of_strings)
134 Write the sequence of strings to the file. Note that newlines are not
135 added. The sequence can be any iterable object producing strings. This is
136 equivalent to calling write() for each string.
139 Sequential (de)compression
140 --------------------------
142 Sequential compression and decompression is done using the classes
143 :class:`BZ2Compressor` and :class:`BZ2Decompressor`.
146 .. class:: BZ2Compressor([compresslevel])
148 Create a new compressor object. This object may be used to compress data
149 sequentially. If you want to compress data in one shot, use the
150 :func:`compress` function instead. The *compresslevel* parameter, if given,
151 must be a number between ``1`` and ``9``; the default is ``9``.
154 .. method:: compress(data)
156 Provide more data to the compressor object. It will return chunks of
157 compressed data whenever possible. When you've finished providing data to
158 compress, call the :meth:`flush` method to finish the compression process,
159 and return what is left in internal buffers.
164 Finish the compression process and return what is left in internal
165 buffers. You must not use the compressor object after calling this method.
168 .. class:: BZ2Decompressor()
170 Create a new decompressor object. This object may be used to decompress data
171 sequentially. If you want to decompress data in one shot, use the
172 :func:`decompress` function instead.
175 .. method:: decompress(data)
177 Provide more data to the decompressor object. It will return chunks of
178 decompressed data whenever possible. If you try to decompress data after
179 the end of stream is found, :exc:`EOFError` will be raised. If any data
180 was found after the end of stream, it'll be ignored and saved in
181 :attr:`unused_data` attribute.
184 One-shot (de)compression
185 ------------------------
187 One-shot compression and decompression is provided through the :func:`compress`
188 and :func:`decompress` functions.
191 .. function:: compress(data[, compresslevel])
193 Compress *data* in one shot. If you want to compress data sequentially, use
194 an instance of :class:`BZ2Compressor` instead. The *compresslevel* parameter,
195 if given, must be a number between ``1`` and ``9``; the default is ``9``.
198 .. function:: decompress(data)
200 Decompress *data* in one shot. If you want to decompress data sequentially,
201 use an instance of :class:`BZ2Decompressor` instead.