Lib/chunk.py

   1 """Simple class to read IFF chunks.
   2
   3 An IFF chunk (used in formats such as AIFF, TIFF, RMFF (RealMedia File
   4 Format)) has the following structure:
   5
   6 +----------------+
   7 | ID (4 bytes)   |
   8 +----------------+
   9 | size (4 bytes) |
  10 +----------------+
  11 | data           |
  12 | ...            |
  13 +----------------+
  14
  15 The ID is a 4-byte string which identifies the type of chunk.
  16
  17 The size field (a 32-bit value, encoded using big-endian byte order)
  18 gives the size of the whole chunk, including the 8-byte header.
  19
  20 Usually an IFF-type file consists of one or more chunks.  The proposed
  21 usage of the Chunk class defined here is to instantiate an instance at
  22 the start of each chunk and read from the instance until it reaches
  23 the end, after which a new instance can be instantiated.  At the end
  24 of the file, creating a new instance will fail with a EOFError
  25 exception.
  26
  27 Usage:
  28 while True:
  29     try:
  30         chunk = Chunk(file)
  31     except EOFError:
  32         break
  33     chunktype = chunk.getname()
  34     while True:
  35         data = chunk.read(nbytes)
  36         if not data:
  37             pass
  38         # do something with data
  39
  40 The interface is file-like.  The implemented methods are:
  41 read, close, seek, tell, isatty.
  42 Extra methods are: skip() (called by close, skips to the end of the chunk),
  43 getname() (returns the name (ID) of the chunk)
  44
  45 The __init__ method has one required argument, a file-like object
  46 (including a chunk instance), and one optional argument, a flag which
  47 specifies whether or not chunks are aligned on 2-byte boundaries.  The
  48 default is 1, i.e. aligned.
  49 """
  50
  51 class Chunk:
  52     def __init__(self, file, align=True, bigendian=True, inclheader=False):
  53         import struct
  54         self.closed = False
  55         self.align = align      # whether to align to word (2-byte) boundaries
  56         if bigendian:
  57             strflag = '>'
  58         else:
  59             strflag = '<'
  60         self.file = file
  61         self.chunkname = file.read(4)
  62         if len(self.chunkname) < 4:
  63             raise EOFError
  64         try:
  65             self.chunksize = struct.unpack(strflag+'l', file.read(4))[0]
  66         except struct.error:
  67             raise EOFError
  68         if inclheader:
  69             self.chunksize = self.chunksize - 8 # subtract header
  70         self.size_read = 0
  71         try:
  72             self.offset = self.file.tell()
  73         except (AttributeError, IOError):
  74             self.seekable = False
  75         else:
  76             self.seekable = True
  77
  78     def getname(self):
  79         """Return the name (ID) of the current chunk."""
  80         return self.chunkname
  81
  82     def getsize(self):
  83         """Return the size of the current chunk."""
  84         return self.chunksize
  85
  86     def close(self):
  87         if not self.closed:
  88             self.skip()
  89             self.closed = True
  90
  91     def isatty(self):
  92         if self.closed:
  93             raise ValueError, "I/O operation on closed file"
  94         return False
  95
  96     def seek(self, pos, whence=0):
  97         """Seek to specified position into the chunk.
  98         Default position is 0 (start of chunk).
  99         If the file is not seekable, this will result in an error.
 100         """
 101
 102         if self.closed:
 103             raise ValueError, "I/O operation on closed file"
 104         if not self.seekable:
 105             raise IOError, "cannot seek"
 106         if whence == 1:
 107             pos = pos + self.size_read
 108         elif whence == 2:
 109             pos = pos + self.chunksize
 110         if pos < 0 or pos > self.chunksize:
 111             raise RuntimeError
 112         self.file.seek(self.offset + pos, 0)
 113         self.size_read = pos
 114
 115     def tell(self):
 116         if self.closed:
 117             raise ValueError, "I/O operation on closed file"
 118         return self.size_read
 119
 120     def read(self, size=-1):
 121         """Read at most size bytes from the chunk.
 122         If size is omitted or negative, read until the end
 123         of the chunk.
 124         """
 125
 126         if self.closed:
 127             raise ValueError, "I/O operation on closed file"
 128         if self.size_read >= self.chunksize:
 129             return ''
 130         if size < 0:
 131             size = self.chunksize - self.size_read
 132         if size > self.chunksize - self.size_read:
 133             size = self.chunksize - self.size_read
 134         data = self.file.read(size)
 135         self.size_read = self.size_read + len(data)
 136         if self.size_read == self.chunksize and \
 137            self.align and \
 138            (self.chunksize & 1):
 139             dummy = self.file.read(1)
 140             self.size_read = self.size_read + len(dummy)
 141         return data
 142
 143     def skip(self):
 144         """Skip the rest of the chunk.
 145         If you are not interested in the contents of the chunk,
 146         this method should be called so that the file points to
 147         the start of the next chunk.
 148         """
 149
 150         if self.closed:
 151             raise ValueError, "I/O operation on closed file"
 152         if self.seekable:
 153             try:
 154                 n = self.chunksize - self.size_read
 155                 # maybe fix alignment
 156                 if self.align and (self.chunksize & 1):
 157                     n = n + 1
 158                 self.file.seek(n, 1)
 159                 self.size_read = self.size_read + n
 160                 return
 161             except IOError:
 162                 pass
 163         while self.size_read < self.chunksize:
 164             n = min(8192, self.chunksize - self.size_read)
 165             dummy = self.read(n)
 166             if not dummy:
 167                 raise EOFError