2 :mod:`uuid` --- UUID objects according to RFC 4122
3 ==================================================
6 :synopsis: UUID objects (universally unique identifiers) according to RFC 4122
7 .. moduleauthor:: Ka-Ping Yee <ping@zesty.ca>
8 .. sectionauthor:: George Yoshida <quiver@users.sourceforge.net>
13 This module provides immutable :class:`UUID` objects (the :class:`UUID` class)
14 and the functions :func:`uuid1`, :func:`uuid3`, :func:`uuid4`, :func:`uuid5` for
15 generating version 1, 3, 4, and 5 UUIDs as specified in :rfc:`4122`.
17 If all you want is a unique ID, you should probably call :func:`uuid1` or
18 :func:`uuid4`. Note that :func:`uuid1` may compromise privacy since it creates
19 a UUID containing the computer's network address. :func:`uuid4` creates a
23 .. class:: UUID([hex[, bytes[, bytes_le[, fields[, int[, version]]]]]])
25 Create a UUID from either a string of 32 hexadecimal digits, a string of 16
26 bytes as the *bytes* argument, a string of 16 bytes in little-endian order as
27 the *bytes_le* argument, a tuple of six integers (32-bit *time_low*, 16-bit
28 *time_mid*, 16-bit *time_hi_version*, 8-bit *clock_seq_hi_variant*, 8-bit
29 *clock_seq_low*, 48-bit *node*) as the *fields* argument, or a single 128-bit
30 integer as the *int* argument. When a string of hex digits is given, curly
31 braces, hyphens, and a URN prefix are all optional. For example, these
32 expressions all yield the same UUID::
34 UUID('{12345678-1234-5678-1234-567812345678}')
35 UUID('12345678123456781234567812345678')
36 UUID('urn:uuid:12345678-1234-5678-1234-567812345678')
37 UUID(bytes='\x12\x34\x56\x78'*4)
38 UUID(bytes_le='\x78\x56\x34\x12\x34\x12\x78\x56' +
39 '\x12\x34\x56\x78\x12\x34\x56\x78')
40 UUID(fields=(0x12345678, 0x1234, 0x5678, 0x12, 0x34, 0x567812345678))
41 UUID(int=0x12345678123456781234567812345678)
43 Exactly one of *hex*, *bytes*, *bytes_le*, *fields*, or *int* must be given.
44 The *version* argument is optional; if given, the resulting UUID will have its
45 variant and version number set according to RFC 4122, overriding bits in the
46 given *hex*, *bytes*, *bytes_le*, *fields*, or *int*.
48 :class:`UUID` instances have these read-only attributes:
51 .. attribute:: UUID.bytes
53 The UUID as a 16-byte string (containing the six integer fields in big-endian
57 .. attribute:: UUID.bytes_le
59 The UUID as a 16-byte string (with *time_low*, *time_mid*, and *time_hi_version*
60 in little-endian byte order).
63 .. attribute:: UUID.fields
65 A tuple of the six integer fields of the UUID, which are also available as six
66 individual attributes and two derived attributes:
68 +------------------------------+-------------------------------+
70 +==============================+===============================+
71 | :attr:`time_low` | the first 32 bits of the UUID |
72 +------------------------------+-------------------------------+
73 | :attr:`time_mid` | the next 16 bits of the UUID |
74 +------------------------------+-------------------------------+
75 | :attr:`time_hi_version` | the next 16 bits of the UUID |
76 +------------------------------+-------------------------------+
77 | :attr:`clock_seq_hi_variant` | the next 8 bits of the UUID |
78 +------------------------------+-------------------------------+
79 | :attr:`clock_seq_low` | the next 8 bits of the UUID |
80 +------------------------------+-------------------------------+
81 | :attr:`node` | the last 48 bits of the UUID |
82 +------------------------------+-------------------------------+
83 | :attr:`time` | the 60-bit timestamp |
84 +------------------------------+-------------------------------+
85 | :attr:`clock_seq` | the 14-bit sequence number |
86 +------------------------------+-------------------------------+
89 .. attribute:: UUID.hex
91 The UUID as a 32-character hexadecimal string.
94 .. attribute:: UUID.int
96 The UUID as a 128-bit integer.
99 .. attribute:: UUID.urn
101 The UUID as a URN as specified in RFC 4122.
104 .. attribute:: UUID.variant
106 The UUID variant, which determines the internal layout of the UUID. This will be
107 one of the integer constants :const:`RESERVED_NCS`, :const:`RFC_4122`,
108 :const:`RESERVED_MICROSOFT`, or :const:`RESERVED_FUTURE`.
111 .. attribute:: UUID.version
113 The UUID version number (1 through 5, meaningful only when the variant is
116 The :mod:`uuid` module defines the following functions:
119 .. function:: getnode()
121 Get the hardware address as a 48-bit positive integer. The first time this
122 runs, it may launch a separate program, which could be quite slow. If all
123 attempts to obtain the hardware address fail, we choose a random 48-bit number
124 with its eighth bit set to 1 as recommended in RFC 4122. "Hardware address"
125 means the MAC address of a network interface, and on a machine with multiple
126 network interfaces the MAC address of any one of them may be returned.
128 .. index:: single: getnode
131 .. function:: uuid1([node[, clock_seq]])
133 Generate a UUID from a host ID, sequence number, and the current time. If *node*
134 is not given, :func:`getnode` is used to obtain the hardware address. If
135 *clock_seq* is given, it is used as the sequence number; otherwise a random
136 14-bit sequence number is chosen.
138 .. index:: single: uuid1
141 .. function:: uuid3(namespace, name)
143 Generate a UUID based on the MD5 hash of a namespace identifier (which is a
144 UUID) and a name (which is a string).
146 .. index:: single: uuid3
149 .. function:: uuid4()
151 Generate a random UUID.
153 .. index:: single: uuid4
156 .. function:: uuid5(namespace, name)
158 Generate a UUID based on the SHA-1 hash of a namespace identifier (which is a
159 UUID) and a name (which is a string).
161 .. index:: single: uuid5
163 The :mod:`uuid` module defines the following namespace identifiers for use with
164 :func:`uuid3` or :func:`uuid5`.
167 .. data:: NAMESPACE_DNS
169 When this namespace is specified, the *name* string is a fully-qualified domain
173 .. data:: NAMESPACE_URL
175 When this namespace is specified, the *name* string is a URL.
178 .. data:: NAMESPACE_OID
180 When this namespace is specified, the *name* string is an ISO OID.
183 .. data:: NAMESPACE_X500
185 When this namespace is specified, the *name* string is an X.500 DN in DER or a
188 The :mod:`uuid` module defines the following constants for the possible values
189 of the :attr:`variant` attribute:
192 .. data:: RESERVED_NCS
194 Reserved for NCS compatibility.
199 Specifies the UUID layout given in :rfc:`4122`.
202 .. data:: RESERVED_MICROSOFT
204 Reserved for Microsoft compatibility.
207 .. data:: RESERVED_FUTURE
209 Reserved for future definition.
214 :rfc:`4122` - A Universally Unique IDentifier (UUID) URN Namespace
215 This specification defines a Uniform Resource Name namespace for UUIDs, the
216 internal format of UUIDs, and methods of generating UUIDs.
224 Here are some examples of typical usage of the :mod:`uuid` module::
228 # make a UUID based on the host ID and current time
230 UUID('a8098c1a-f86e-11da-bd1a-00112444be1e')
232 # make a UUID using an MD5 hash of a namespace UUID and a name
233 >>> uuid.uuid3(uuid.NAMESPACE_DNS, 'python.org')
234 UUID('6fa459ea-ee8a-3ca4-894e-db77e160355e')
238 UUID('16fd2706-8baf-433b-82eb-8c7fada847da')
240 # make a UUID using a SHA-1 hash of a namespace UUID and a name
241 >>> uuid.uuid5(uuid.NAMESPACE_DNS, 'python.org')
242 UUID('886313e1-3b8a-5372-9b90-0c9aee199e5d')
244 # make a UUID from a string of hex digits (braces and hyphens ignored)
245 >>> x = uuid.UUID('{00010203-0405-0607-0809-0a0b0c0d0e0f}')
247 # convert a UUID to a string of hex digits in standard form
249 '00010203-0405-0607-0809-0a0b0c0d0e0f'
251 # get the raw 16 bytes of the UUID
253 '\x00\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06\x07\x08\t\n\x0b\x0c\r\x0e\x0f'
255 # make a UUID from a 16-byte string
256 >>> uuid.UUID(bytes=x.bytes)
257 UUID('00010203-0405-0607-0809-0a0b0c0d0e0f')